Internship Report

Name of Organization

(Where you have completed your internship training)

(Bold, 16 font, Times New Roman style)
Submitted By

Student Name

Roll No.

Class

Session

Submission Date

(Bold, 16 font, Times New Roman style)

Department of Commerce
University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal

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 Student’s Declaration
I (Student Name), Roll No……………., Program………………. have completed my
internship report of ………………..weeks at (company name) under supervision of
………………….
At any time if my statement is found to be incorrect even after my Graduation, the University
has the right to withdraw my degree.

Name of Student: _________

Roll No. ____________

Registration No. __________

Date: ___________________________

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 Plagiarism Undertaking
I ___________ solemnly declare that the work presented in the internship report is solely
completed by me. I understand the zero-tolerance policy of the HEC and the University of
Sahiwal towards plagiarism. Therefore, I as an Author of the above-titled report declare that
no portion of my report has been plagiarized and any material used as reference is properly
referred/cited. Furthermore, I assure that the submitted internship report is as per the
plagiarism policy of the HEC and the Department of Commerce, University of Sahiwal.
I undertake that if I am found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above internship report
even after the award of my degree, the University reserves the right to withdraw/revoke my
degree and that HEC and the University have the right to publish my name on the HEC /
University Website on which names of students are placed who submitted plagiarized reports.

Name of Student / Author: _________________

Signature of Student / Author: ___________________

Name & Signature of the Supervisor: _____________

Date: ______________________________________

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 APPROVAL SHEET FOR THE SUBMISSION OF INTERNSHIP REPORT

The following statement is to be signed by the candidate, the supervisor (s) of the internship
report, the internship Incharge and the chairperson/HOD prior to appearing in Viva.

Candidate’s Name: ___________ Roll No. _____________

Program: ___________________________________

Faculty/Department: __________________________________

Company Name: __________________________________________

I hereby certify that the above candidate’s work that has been completed to my satisfaction
and appropriate for Viva.

Name of Supervisor: ________________

Signature: _________________________

Date: ____________________________

The undersigned certify that:

1. The internship report is of a standard and extent appropriate for submission.

2. I have checked the candidate’s work that has been completed to my satisfaction and
appropriate for Viva.

Name & Signature internship Incharge Name & Signature of Chairperson/HoD

Name: ___________________ Name: ___________________

Signature: _________________ Signature: _________________

Date: _____________________ Date: _____________________

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 UNIVERSITY OF SAHIWAL, SAHIWAL
Opposite Farid Town, Sahiwal, Phone no. +92-40-9200432
Email: [email protected], Website: https://uosahiwal.edu.pk/

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to certify that the work presented in this internship report was conducted by
_________________ under the supervision of ___________. No part of this report has been
submitted anywhere else for any other degree. This internship report is submitted to the
Department of Commerce, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of _____________________________.
Student Name: _______________ Signature: _________________

Viva Examination Date: ____________________

Examination Committee unanimously agrees to pass the internship report.

Examination Committee:
b) Internal Examiner: ______________ Signature: _______________
(Designation & Office Address)
…………………………………..
…………………………………..

c) Supervisor: ____________________ Signature:______________

(Designation & Office Address)
…………………………………..
…………………………………..

d) Chairperson/HoD: ___________________ Signature: _____________

(Designation & Office Address)
…………………………………..
…………………………………..

Date & Diary Dispatch:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Almighty ALLAH, the merciful, the beneficent all praises (belong) to
ALLAH alone, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the world. He is the First, he is the Last, He is
the hidden and He knows about everything. He brings the night into the day and brings the
day into the night, and He knows the thoughts of hearts (Al-Quran). My special praises for
the HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (Peace Be upon Him) who is forever a torch of
guidance for the entire humanity.

I deem it my utmost pleasure to avail an opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude and

deep sense of obligation to a very hardworking and personalized man especially my
honorable supervisor, ________________ University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal for his kind
behavior, generous knowledge, moral support, constructive criticism, and enlightened
supervision during the whole study period. His available words will always serve as a beacon
of light throughout my life.

I am also cordially obliged to ____________________________ for being so helpful to in

my internship report. Finally, I wish to express my humble obligations to my great parents,
my sister, my brothers, who always raised their hands for my success and gave me confidence
and atmosphere that initiated me to achieve high academic goals. I feel it incomplete if I do
not extend my thanks to my affectionate and loving parents for their love, affection and

prayers which enabled me to fulfill this aim.

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 DEDICATION

To My Grandparents especially my grandfather (late),

My parents
And
Siblings

Whose support and prayers make my life and study successful

Student Name____

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List the important section titles and sub-titles in the report with their respective page numbers
in a tabular format.

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 LIST OF TABLES
List the important section titles and sub-titles in the report with their respective page numbers
in a tabular format.

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 LIST OF FIGURES
List the important section titles and sub-titles in the report with their respective page numbers
in a tabular format.

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AT* Agency Theory

ST* Stakeholder Theory
ST* Signaling Theory
CEO* Chief Executive Officer

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 Executive Summary

An executive summary previews the main points of a detailed report. It helps the reader to get
a quick view of the report before reading it in detail. In this summary, you should briefly
mention everything important that you have done, discovered and concluded.

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
(Chapter Heading must Time New Roman, 14 font size and Bold, center)

1.1 A brief introduction of the organization’s business sector (two pages max)

(Heading must Time New Roman, 12 font size and Bold, left indent) (Text must 1.5 space,
Time New Roman, 12 font size, justified paragraph)

Describe overview of the complete sector in which the organization falls according to current
scenario. For example, banking sector, textile sector, telecommunication sector, retail sector etc.
Here, you should discuss the main business sector and NOT the organization under
consideration. For example, if the organization is in the Banking sector (e.g. HBL), then you
should briefly describe the banking sector worldwide and then elaborate its progress in Pakistan.
You should NOT include an introduction of the specific organization here as this will be written
in the following section and the rest of the report

1.2 Overview of the organization (seven pages max)

a. Brief history
b. Organizational Hierarchy chart
c. Business volume (Total number of stocks, shares, bonds/ commodities, future contracts
planned for a particular period, etc.)
d. Product lines (List complete range of products/ services of the organization) e.
Competitors
f. Brief Introduction of all the departments
g.Comments on the organizational structure (You would have to comment or give your opinion
on the structure of the organization as a whole that whether the adopted structure and practices
fulfill the requirements of the organization or not.)

Note:
In above sections, students are expected to collect information from various sources such as
within the organization (managers, internship supervisor and other concerned persons) and
organization’s website, documents, brochures, etc. but it is necessary to mention the sources of
information in
APA format. Moreover, the description should be in your words.

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 CHAPTER 2

PLAN OF INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

(Chapter Heading must Time New Roman, 14 font size and Bold, center)

2.1 Detail of internship Plan (One page max)

a. A brief introduction of the branch or department where you performed your internship
b. The starting and ending dates of your internship
c. The names of the departments in which you obtained training and the duration of your training
in these departments.

2.2 Internship Weekly Schedule (Four pages max)

a. Reason for selecting the organization: Why did you choose this specific organization
(the organization in which you done your internship) and how will it benefit your career goals?

b. Duties performed: Describe in detail the duties and responsibilities that you have
performed during your internship either on daily or periodical basis i.e. on weekly basis.

OR

Describe in detail the description of the project (s) assigned to you during the internship program.

Provide a detailed description of the duties and responsibilities that you have performed during
your internship on a weekly basis.

• Week one responsibilities and tasks:

• Week two responsibilities and tasks & so on:

CHAPTER 3

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCE DURING INTERNSHIP
(Chapter Heading must Time New Roman, 14 font size and Bold, center)

2.1 Detail of Learning Experiences (Two pages max)

a. Knowledge Gained: Briefly describe the knowledge you gained/acquired as a result of

your training experience and relate this knowledge to what you learned in specific courses at
DBA, university of Sahiwal.

b. Skills Learned: Describe the skills and any career-specific abilities you increased during
your training. Discuss any skills that you learned as part of a course at DBA, university of
Sahiwal that were useful on the job. Here, skill is referred to, as the ability to do something like
read financial reports, analyze a problem, work in groups, etc.

c. Attitudes/Values: Describe the attitudes or values that you found to be important for
success in your career as per the findings of your training program e.g. dependability, integrity,
hard work, etc.

d. Most Challenging Task: Describe the best and the most challenging task given to you
during your internship and how you performed that.

Note:

Above sections are the most important parts of internship report and should be given extreme
significance. You are required to describe all the tasks that were performed by you during your
internship as well as other sections in detail. Description given in bullets will NOT be
acceptable. Explanation should be given.
CHAPTER 4

RATIO ANALYSIS
(Chapter Heading must Time New Roman, 14 font size and Bold, center)

(Four pages max)

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Ratio Analysis

You are required to provide the ratio analysis of most recent three years. Ratio analysis based on
the financial data older than recent three years will NOT be accepted. Essentials for Ratio
Analysis

Ratio analysis is the calculation and comparison of ratios which are derived from the information
in a company’s financial statements. Financial ratios are usually expressed in percentages or
times or rupees.
Ratios Required for Banks/DFIs Ratios Required for Other Companies

1) Net Profit Margin 1) Current Ratio

2) Gross Spread Ratio 2) Acid Test Ratio
3) Spread Ratio 3) Working Capital
4) Non-Interest Income to Total Income 4) Times Interest Earned
Ratio 5) Debt Ratio
5) Return on Assets (ROA) 6) Debt / Equity Ratio
6) Du Pont Return on Assets Ratio 7) Net Profit Margin
7) Return on Equity (ROE) 8) Gross Profit Margin
8) Debt Ratio 9) Return on Assets (ROA)
9) Debt / Equity Ratio 10) Operating Income Margin
10) Times Interest Earned Ratio 11) Return on Equity
11) Advances / Deposits Ratio 12) Assets Turnover Ratio
12) Operating Cash Flow Ratio 13) Operating Cash Flow Ratio
13) Dividend per Share 14) Dividend per Share
14) Earning per Share 15) Earning per Share
15) Price/Earnings Ratio

Presentation of Ratios Analysis

Ratio analysis is a very important part of your internship report and should be presented properly.

Five Steps for Presenting Ratio Analysis

For the presentation of ratio analysis students are required to follow these five steps described
below for each ratio.

Step 1-Ratio Title and Formula

Write the ratio title (definition and description is not required) and formula.
For example:
Current ratio = Current assets/current liabilities

Step 2-Calculation (with numerator and denominator) show the table as given below:

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 Year 20X1 Year 20X2 Year 20X3

Show the amounts in

numerator and denominator
and then the final result. i.e.
=XXX\YYY
= ZZ Times

♦ Mention the unit of the respective ratio with its result such as current ratio is calculated in
“Times” so write “Times” with current ratio’s result.
♦ Also round off the result up to two decimal places. E.g. if answer is 2.4659 times then it
should be written as 2.46 times.
♦ Years should be presented in ascending order from left to right.

Step 3-Working

After the calculation table show how you have calculated the amounts given in numerator and
denominator (for those items that require calculations).
NOTE:
NOTE:
If any amount is clearly provided in the financial statements then there is no need to show the
working for those amounts. For example, if total assets amount is provided in the financial
statements no working for calculating total assets is required.

Step 4-Graphical representation

Plot the calculated ratio results on graph. Use only Column chart for graphical representation.
Show graphical representation like this:

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NOTE:

You are not required to show Trend Analysis separately. Instead plot the graphs of each ratio
according to the given specimen. In this way while showing the graphs and interpreting the
ratios, you will also be performing Trend Analysis.

Step 5-Interpretation
In this section interpret the graph shown above.
Guidelines for Interpretation of Ratios
Guidelines for interpretation of Ratios

The following guidelines will help to understand what interpretation means and how it should
be done.

What does interpretation of ratios mean?

Interpretation means explanation of the ratios results. It does not mean definition of ratios rather
it should enable the readers to understand what the calculated ratio indicates and what the trend
for that particular ratio is. It should cover the following steps:

Step 1) Result understanding: i.e. what does the answer derived from ratio calculation
indicates? You have to critically analyze the result of calculated ratio by explaining the
relationship of numerator with that of a denominator. I.e. if the result of current ratio for a year is
2.1 times then what is meant by this 2.1 times. For supporting your interpretation results you will
not use the values provided in the Balance Sheet of the current assets and current liabilities.

Step 2) Trend Analysis: i.e. what are the variations in a company’s ratio results i.e. the trend for
the same company and the reasons for that change in trend?

Step 3) Comparisons: i.e. the company's performance (better/ poor/ same) for the three
consecutive years along with reasons.

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Step 4) Bench mark (if applicable): i.e. the comparison of ratio with the benchmark/rule of
thumb/standard of that ratio in that particular industry (as these standards vary according to the
type of industry selected for analysis e.g. Manufacturing, Banking, FMCG companies, etc). Also
give reasoning of deviation from that standard.
NOTE
NOTE:
You will have to interpret the calculated ratios in the way described above step wise.

Important Points to be Considered

Important Points to be Considered
• You have to follow the same format for all the ratios that you will calculate. Remember,
without formulas, working, graphs and interpretations your analysis will NOT be accepted.

• It is COMPULSORY for the students to calculate the ratios according to their

organization’s sector only. E.g. a student who has selected a bank is required to calculate the
ratios mentioned above (Ratios Required for Banks/DFIs) only. Ratios calculated other than
those mentioned above will NOT be considered. You are required to calculate/analyze all ratios
mentioned above. Skipping any of ratios mentioned above is NOT allowed.

• Ratio analysis should be conducted on audited annual reports of the company which you
have selected for your internship report. However, if both consolidated as well as unconsolidated
financial statements are available then make sure that you have to conduct ratio analysis on
Unconsolidated/Standalone Financial Statements.

Note: Students should know the difference between unconsolidated and consolidated financial
statements. Consolidated statements comprise the accounts of whole group (more than one
business units) of an organization. While, on the other hand, unconsolidated statements represent
the accounts of single business unit (normally a holding company).

CHAPTER 5 PESTEL/SWOT ANALYSIS

5.1 PESTEL ANALYSIS

(Three pages max)

The student is expected to perform a PESTEL analysis for the organization he/she trained with
during the internship program. It is very important that the student elaborates as this will assist
the evaluator in assessing the analysis.

5.2 SWOT ANALYSIS

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 (Three pages max)

The student is expected to perform a Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT)

analysis for the organization he/she trained with during the internship program. It is very
important that the student elaborates as this will assist the evaluator in assessing the analysis.

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

6.1 Problem Identification and Solution

(Two pages max)

Did you find any problem in organization? If yes, then how will you solve it?

You are NOT required to provide a whole report on the problem; you are required to be precise
as possible.

a. Problem identification: Clearly identify and describe the problem in detail

b. Consequences of the current problem: Identify how the current problem is affecting the
company/organization and detail the consequences.

c. Solutions: Suggest a solution to the problem. You need to elaborate and document your

Solution with either prior research or based on your program of study. You need to properly
reference whatever sources you use in forming the solution.

6.2 Future Prospects of the Organization

(one page max)

In this section, you are required to describe the future plans of the organization regarding new
projects, products, etc

6.3 Conclusion
Note: (one page max)

In this section, you are required to describe the organization according to your
evaluation/assessment in the light of your learning experience, swot/pestel and ratio analysis.

Note:

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Above Sections are NOT expected to be copied from anywhere, the student must provide
information in these sections based on his/her personal observation, learning and experience
gained during the internship. Cheating or copying in these sections is NOT acceptable and hence
the entire internship report can be completely rejected as per ZERO TOLERANCE POLICY of
the university. The university may also take a legal action according to plagiarism policy as
defined by HEC (Higher Education Commission).
REFERENCES:
In this section, provide all the references and sources in APA 7 th style format that you have used
for data collection in your internship Report.

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APPENDICES:

• You must provide scanned copies of all the financial statements used for financial
analysis.

• Attach the internship completion certificate from organization.

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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

• Complete all the required parts as stated in the Internship Report Template. Remember:
DO NOT skip any part since each part is important.
• There should be harmony between the ideas that you describe throughout the report (e.g.
in the internship experience, conclusions and recommendations).
• The Internship Report should be submitted within the due date as will be given by the
internship incharge DBA, University of Sahiwal. Submissions made after due date will
not be considered.

The Internship Report should be typed with the following formatting:

• Font size = 12
• Font style = Times New Roman
• Space= 1.5
• Left align
• Spiral binding
• Reference APA 7th Style

Non-Availability of Financial Statements for Ratio Analysis

All those students who are facing difficulty in conducting ratio analysis due to non-availability of
the organization’s financial statements are required to discuss this issue with internship incharge.
They will be given guidance about how to resolve this issue as ratio analysis is a very important
part of internship report and skipping this part will NOT be accepted at all.

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