Lithium, sodium and potassium are metals in group 1 of the periodic table.

They are good conductors of

(a) (i) Give another physical property of all three of these metals.

(ii) Explain, in terms of electrons in their atoms, why lithium, sodium and potassium are in group 1 of

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the periodic table.
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(b) A small piece of potassium is added to water. (i) Describe what you would see in this reaction.
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(ii) Which of these is the balanced equation for this reaction? Put a cross (x) in the box next to your
answer.
A. 2K + 2H2O → K2O + 2H2
B. 2K+ H2O → K2O+ H2
C. 4K + 3H2O → 4KOH + H2
D. 2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2

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(c) There is an increase in reactivity of these group 1 metals from lithium to potassium. Explain this
increase in reactivity.

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2 (a) The table shows the names and formulae of three ions.

What is the formula of calcium nitrate? Put a cross (x) in the box next to your answer.
( ) A. Ca2NO3
( ) B. CaNO3
( ) C. Ca3NO2
( ) D. Ca(NO3)2

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(b) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (x) in the box next to your answer. The number of oxygen
atoms in the formula Ca3(PO4)2 is:
( ) A. 2
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( ) B. 4
( ) C. 8
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( ) D. 12
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(c) The table gives some information about the elements sodium and sulfur.
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Sodium sulfide is an ionic compound. Describe, in terms of electron transfer, how sodium atoms react with
sulfur atoms to form sodium sulfide. Your description should include the charges on the ions formed.

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(d) Explain the difference in the ability of solid sodium chloride and molten sodium chloride to conduct
electricity in terms of their structures.

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3. Explain why an element’s charge is related to the group on the periodic table to which it belongs.

4. Directions: Complete the table comparing ionic compounds and covalent compounds.

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5. Draw a Bohr model for the following:

Magnesium (12)

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6. Complete the table below.

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7. How many grams are in 4.63 x 1024 molecules of CCl4?

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8. Use the table to answer this question

a. Decide whether each reaction is endothermic or exothermic, explain how you could tell.

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b. Which reaction has the largest energy change?. AS
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9. When hydrochloric acid reacts with ammonium hydroxide in a beaker, the temperature goes up.
HCl + NH4OH → NH4Cl + H2O
ΔH = –53.4kJ/mol
Complete the energy profile diagram and state whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic, explain
your answer.

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10. There are many metallic elements in the periodic table. (a) Which row of the table correctly shows two
metals that are in group 1 and two metals that are transition metals? Put a cross (x) in the box next to your
answer.

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(b) (i) Describe the structure of metals in terms of the particles present in their structures.

(ii) Explain how metals conduct electricity.

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(c) (i) Describe what you would see when a small piece of sodium is added to water.

(ii) Write the balanced equation for the reaction of sodium with water to form sodium hydroxide and
hydrogen.

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11. Describe how the salinity level of the lake has changed over the past 100 years. To what extent might
the lake have changed naturally over time?
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12. What impact has human development and intervention had on the ecosystem of the lake?

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