—
a-s |
|
|
|
duledion of
Explain The geneoration and optimum
neat di@ovany
oF Clrenmedion of PPS
anbi harry fi +51 bit, Sen
# DifPereatial encoding stants wilh an
4 16 used as the meftercoce
ving, as the aeference bit, Symbol
bit.
|x Genear ation, of the Alf PRea eatially encodid Seq HENCE Ahoy pre
ceeds in aaccoadance with o Lwo- put encoding csule OS follows
3
the diff
IP TP The Meco bit at the eansmittesr inpad 19 4, ave
ceneatially encocled Symbol unchanged withasspect Lo the
Gaanent iit
at
Aire
AY TI, on odhen band the input bit 1s 0, change the
é , bit
ieatly encocect syenbol with respect 10 He Ge novE A
a The MeCrentiatly encoded seqarnce td}, gs used to shift
the sinusoicla) commie phase by Zero amd Ko’, anpre senting
5
symbols aand 0, evespect vdly
«Thas, in ferms of phase -shifis the aesulling PPSh signal
follows the two pants i) >
IS"To Sead Syrnbol a, The phase of the Dpsk sional aemains
2
un changed
Qd¢To send Symbol o.the phuse oF the Pests signal is shif
y
~feck by \B0°
Tllusteation of Desk. ? Topuk bineerss See
{biy = toolooll
{beg io on 0
hee \ 19
heasaeen etd fir 4
Tronsmitied phase
Gradiens) 0 —__
. Binery PSK meclalatesr
Trapt binexey =e o
Seqemnte ———————
t Aempli acle
fog
_ DPSk
level shifter | 8 Sigel
| fdk-a}
Lp } |
Ea} Vz cs Camfet)
Figcod: Block Cagran of a DPSK transmit leon
* TH above bleck chugsam st consisl of tuo functional blocks
| op Legic ned womk and one bit delat
Gstoorege) element. which
ame interconnected So as to Conveort the ste inpat binan
Sequunce {bk} into the MP Fev ential encodlecl Seqeunced det
| bt Bineny PSK moclaledoor , the outpat of which 15 the chsieed
ional
DPSk sign
—+ Optimum Receivers for She
Detection of Dpsk
)
|
|
\
|
|
= 30°
Phase
Shi Phe
Sin Cott fet)
Vinzo
Soy 7, 34.930
Soyo, H1y
] chee Ly ¢ time t=Te
cosCanitit ) clucclan _—
oft 2th
di
tye
oer Gompan ison > cboose-4
chvice Lt dels
choose-o
Potten
medcheel t©
cos Ca fat)
Ofte Tp.
Feg@s Non -cbhement eeeivern fom the detection of
f “binany Esk signals :
Sa ee Noncohenen} Adection of this, freq esency _ medal
ated signal, the creceiverr consists ofa pain of masched ip.
“The filter in the Gppen path of the ceceiven 7s Mee
to CosCaufit) and filkeo? in the lower path matched 4, ©
cosCamfat ) fom dhe signaling interval O€ E CT,,
{Ses Followed by envelope debectoms
+ [The eves
alling envelope clelecloor oulpads ane sampled od
le
tote ord geo ele Gom pected. and Aa Covelope
| somples oF the Cpperr & lowes paths ane ti und La respari,|
:
# (The evece veer decides in favor of Symbel 1 34 Nibley
[in fever of Symbcl o Sf Ligde. TY dhe
| 2. the creceive
simply Busses aandomly in favor ef Sumbol 1 on ©
4 | The non-coherent binary Fsk clsemibed bevein is a sprig
| case Of non. cbherent orthogonal moeduledion lth TT,
J onck @x€, where &4 ts the Signal energy pee bi}. |
ee eb
(eG aie) the BER fom non-coherent
arsk
Gas) Deaive the expression OF probabslity of eraom iA Case of
| BFSk
| : sk Signal given by
| Leck eet) be the creceived BF 3 3 :
aect}= set) tuck)
5,4) +E) for Syabel \
finss |
Ker) = '
gpa) wou) for Symbol 0
wWhear, wor) — AWeN oe meanzo and venience
os Ne
rie
Leb us consider The transmission of Symbol tor ther
the sreceived. signal is
oecr) 2 S39) +uwct) L314 St uso
054 y20
| - The oudpat Of the Sppea i ie
| wo. The oudp
+ 7 th
Ve
( xan gd) dt= [ [sparen] $c) dt
°
.
Th th
=f gud de dt ibe aa dt
:
°
iets ep
= Say t+ wy la
a +O
ee a
epomeon = EL] = ELwi] <0
No
oi = zN ie
Vorjance of 1 = Nan [a] NeaLlotwo i] a
The output of Sewesr connclaton $8 :
b
Sooe (sve bya da
°
a= OCP
7 { xa d,0)
: Th
Tale Ate : = 1 de
[ [sap rou) | , 04) dt J bo ne
o a 64,
Mee gh yuow. | ! -
1 Leehort clecocess |) 0]
pis —_——— )
| ‘data
PSeaclo- aan
dow pal (
1 genes coy \
otal cemmmanice
oS
signal aan
S)
banel, The signal ot
spread spectrom
is then fransmitte
the clemoclectertoo gets cod signal
back ferom the Spread spectaum sional
Jom arquiaes the Same
Jaen smilin — ——s ————_
end. thence the pseudo-random paleo genesrerdes ay
fransmilden and PReceiveat Sicle opeoreale an sq
wth eath odhes,
ochre ni 24
< [The channel decockor al the acceiver Then ges The bingy
information Sequencer back,
« | Thas The aeceivest can detect The Jeccins evi ted SPaea,
Spedaum signal s only 3f at knows The PSeuchonojs,
| Sequunce fon ony aabil acory aeceiverd G1 15 Hee ay
| to Know the pSeado- noise Seqtunce since it appecenrs ih,
Fo noise
|
8 | Explain the dinecl Seqeence Spread speleam chigital
= communi cakion Syskem
+ | Disect Sequence Spared speclrary tdralized model of basebond
Sparad spe drum sysko
bay © ? nay may e ad)
leo
ge) transeni ther Ia
find: channe]
20) —
—— Boseban
ae) Ler
> °|p
ed)
Fig) + Reeeivee
«| The base bard signal bay ,uohich is OF bow band width Cnarsce
bund) i§ Mattiplied wild the wideband signal cee) to oblaié
Spread Spedrun signal ME as shoo in Figcey
jee MADE bAD. CoH) My where add
signal Mad) is transmitted frrcuch the channe
poise SCV TS aclcled Chie bY 5
$
tee ACD = mae ice) —— od
Sd)= ce bay hich —- @
Ve accoven the omjginal data Seq uence bay the accaved
consists of
sal 9A) 1S applied Le @ dhemod abaterr thet
malliplion Bo LPF
a becally genevated pn:
inthe teans
\Niplien is sapplicd with
The ome
sequince be GO enact acplico of Vhat used
nvitee
2 - po £
ays ce. act) — GD ni =
Sobstitule act) wae «A aa
a= cerca boo eie? | J
a) ta
= (2a). ba + coy) . Sed), Paes
whrre cP CHES fom NEL eat L_]
e Hee te daimod
gay = ben + Hee Ge) ()
Jaom eqom) s bet) can be accovested by passing aay
Pe Aauiehy Otte. which aemoves \Cre ee(cel of Ta terterce
epacmbd by [cer 37 JQY THpredaces 4. origina | Siena
*foo BPSK Cased showe above
Tk dic ser
the acceived siGnol fies! y ca). this 7s call
clesparcading
5 ae
ay aeceiven we hove De seca 2cd) cos(quict )
| = Ac VU) cos oct
| afk passir \Qaoush LPF we worth eck Ale omiginal ¢,
—) > 2 t
a ec alain rp
Eaplai the effect of spreading on o nanzowband Tata
ference ina arch Seqeuince Spaced Sprecher
—©)—& rd rth i
; ) dt
| 8,c) cogatttel) 2 L
| PN
Sequince cloce
_genenedor er
|
Fi Demodutution of DSSS Sional
=)
2
he eveceive sion ove ea tS en
received ional ed th
iy VEC CIV Cry ow
> 2 by
- c
acts Rew) costa) scr)
A). cD = Ae vet) cey®
- = )? ews (9
CM) + te
d eet)
SO = Dencles the interference cats. Ab
= t. De-parading openation ab the Receiver gues
ne). COVE Ae VG) eos(amfay 4 ged «a - _
eee ee bond,
| permet of math plying SO) cer) Spread
-wid th to watz,
Ad us considtes Saye Ar cos ¢ ontrt) Saee Ch
The total power inthe intesfecence at the olp of
tte chemodutedon. 1S,
Teh eee er pe
w “la, Tbe Le Pape 2)
whine Toe P
einy coickeband
Ww
jada ference
Pecwes Spectnal clensity of
{ C “yn fen Fee eee.
& ey 8 gs the overage pomeee of the int fe
2
r
| Pe ae ale
Ls. i \
Thus, Power: Ja the inte fieering), 2394
gn amount equal to Te bandwidth
ve ceattect
vg cvechacecl by
expansion faactom
| wie ete]re= = Ate P Ly Quen of
Sperad spedeem
es | wits a need block divonam _ explain Slow and fust |
Freq cueney Hopped Spacodt spacirum techoique
meen :
a | Tr Irequiney hopping® do transmit The dato bis vo. diffe
~arent ancy stols “The total bane width of
Signal Ss equol to Sum of att the Treegusncey slols on
the outpab
hope's . «
um t ehun Sevengl
: nO : p
ambels ¢ © dnc syd Th OMe Freq carncy hop .
Yue This means Sambel aate (Rs) is t 2) eee aud
Bot Ch) |e hop nate slowear Symbo] aadte Qe |
\ Sis catled — sleco frecperaay ing
\ 5
or h
|
ops Severe! Symbels transmitted,
Ve se Ry
gency hep sparadsPreclsums- ewhen Several
cs dake place to dnansmit one Sambol
fun Si is called Dial tac Popping
‘ S callecl Pas La —o wy SPPing
he hep aale Rais higher then symbol vale Bs
ice Severe! free cuney hopes? one Symbol pronsmitted
Ve Rat Re
Transmitter Operations
as
howe tq fiedhe an Fu] mesk frangmitter , which
invelvs fasquancy “modulator follcasedl by mise.
The
incoming dada is applied to M-any Fok meduleder
5 a 5 Block ciagwam of Jaansmitten of FH: Mong Psk
Pie co ° ne
system
«
Mines
Tsk -sle
—
a OA art
mvecl ede) Fe! MFSE signe]
Binary
data
| : frequency hop
ferequuney
Synthesizer
Successive bH'S
oo eke gs
a | of PN Sequancy gener
to>
Local
prt - cole
Senator
ih
2A Vy tie pa HY AL Ele
Whiner
K
eae Estimate of
. binowy dato
wuney hop 4
Facqurney
Syoths sizer
“Local
PN - Code
Seneee atom, SS ie
a] This modulator oulpal is the pasti calor pepe dap
| ding uper the doped cymbal.
* | The outpal of PSK medutalos is then applied to 6
| riteor that consists of g multiplies? followed byo fg
|The odher inpal fo the mires 16 pantical ary Prequany
1 if
daom Irequanty Syothesi an
|
+ | The octpat of Frcquune Synthesizer? el Perticaler Tn stant
| 7s The freq caine slot oa hop. This hop if Mired with the
| Fsk Signal |
4 |The oatpal of the mines? is the "Sam' Fr equaney compa nen}
| of Esk signa y fesequsnny hop from Syothesizen, This Signal
is FU] m- ang Fok Signal & is tnonsmitled oveer the widibond
| channel
«| By taking “mt bits from the PN genesiedor 2-4. possible
| Genoricer Feequindes can be Specitied
KL A the ereceiveot theme 75 a0 jdhentical PN Seqiunce genera |
| Jor. which is Synchronized with the Received signal is used |
© control The caspat oF the freq usney Syathe siden
x | thus, the pseudorandom Faequunuy translation infredute |
at the daansmi Hts TS removed ot the receiver |
+ | the aesultant signal is demodulated Using Fs chemed wlatan
« | The freq cusnuy hopping ate, deneled as Re’ may be dlthes
qq ho du Sumbo| cate, dower than the Symbol cade,
ony higher drow the syenbo| arate.
* | Based on dereq carne) hopping wate, Fuss chossifiedl jnto
|
9 dypes of slow teeg snug hopping
b} Fost a aay hopping . cw Hequmcy + Pring,
he chipsate 2, fom an f-H Sash 1s eiven by
5
Rez mar CPn.2s) '
mm, Vn sete
e
Rs Symbol aale
Bab the chip A
ip sake is ec :
canuy hopping qual te Symbol rate bo. fos slow ferq
2
Rez Rs
« Pp
2a Ro = Rs= cory Rn
a
bys no of bis pew Sent
Ro is the Jnput bit aake &
Tr slow FHSS
Sqmbel wate ‘Psp hop ale “Ro,
vs | Fast Prequency hopping
To fast FHSS multiple hops aged t© Hyansmil one
syebol
- Vee Pop vale (Rn & Symbol acde ‘Rs!
chiprate Re = hepevale ‘Rn’,
explain COMA ee) one
neat block divgam :
