Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series Vol.
XLIX/2019
THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL TREATMENTS ON THE ABUNDANCE
AND DOMINANCE OF HARMFUL ENTOMOFAUNA IN RAPESEED
CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE S-E BOIAN
RAICU ADRIAN DANIEL1, MITREA ION2
1.PhD University of Craiova, e-mail:
[email protected] 2.University of Craiova, Faculty of Horticulture
Keywords: abundance, dominance, seed treatment,
ABSTRACT
The rapeseed crop is attacked by a 5.90%. And in the case of the
very large number of pests. At the Ceutorhynchus napi species the
untreated control group, a number of 94 reduction of the number of pests takes
samples of Athalia rosae were collected place from 99 samples as we find in the
with a dominance percentage of 23.26% control variant to 22 in the case of a
and within the variant where seed treatment in the spring. The higher the
treatment was performed with number of treatments, the lower the
LUMIPOSA 625 FS (40ml/500 thousand number of pests and consequently the
seeds) the number of samples is reduced production losses associated with them
to 17 with a dominance percentage of decrease.
INTRODUCTION can classify the droughts during the
sowing period that prevent the
Rapeseed is currently one of the
emergence of the crop or cause an
most important oil species worldwide,
uneven emergence, the frost of the winter
being grown for its oil-rich seeds (42-
period; the frosts of late spring and hail.
48%), used in industry as well as in
In the category of biotic factors we
people’s food. In developed countries, the
include the harmful pests that can
rapeseed oil after various transformations
produce very significant damages
is used as fuel for diesel engines, being
depending on the year (Râșnoveanu,
cheaper than diesel and biodegradable.
2011a; Popov et al., 2002,2003; Buburuz
The main advantages of rapeseed
et al., 2012,2013).
cultivation are represented by the fact
The research indicates a multitude
that the production technology is fully
of pests that can cause significant
mechanized being at the same time a
damage since the emergence (Phyllotreta
very good precursor for the crops
sp.; Psilliodes chrysocephala) or
established in the autumn (Roman et al.,
throughout the vegetation period (Athalia
2012). In addition to the benefits brought
rosae; Meligethes aeneus;
to farmers, rapeseed crop also presents a
Ceutorhynchus sp; Epicometis hyrta;
number of risks that may be biotic or
Entomoscelis pop (adonid)) 2004).
abiotic in nature (Hălmăjan, 2006). In the
category of factors of an abiotic nature we
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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series Vol. XLIX/2019
MATERIAL AND METHOD N- the total number of individuals of all
species
The observations were made at a
The distribution of species
rapeseed crop established on the radius
according to the percentage of
of Radomirești-Olt commune in the
dominance takes place in the following
agricultural year 2019-2020 and
classes:
consisted of:
- D1 - subrecedent – below
- Ground surveys using a metric
1.1%
frame having the side of 0.5m * 0.5m
- D2 - recedent – 1.1-2.0%
- Collection of entomological
- D3 - subdominant – 2.1-5%
material with the aid of the “yellow bowl”
- D4 - dominant – 5.1-10.0%
type traps, the sticky yellow traps and the
- D5 - eudominant – more
shaking method.
than 10%
The interpretation of the results obtained
The following treatment schemes
in the study was performed using the
were experienced in the study:
following ecological parameters:
Variant 1: control (without chemical
Abundance (A) represents the
treatments)
number of individuals of a species found
Variant 2: seed treatment with
in a catch at a given time.
LUMIPOSA 625 FS (40ml/500 thousand
Dominance (D) represents the
seeds)
percentage of participation of each
Variant 3: seed treatment with
species in the catch. It is calculated by
LUMIPOSA 625 FS plus spring treatment
the following formula:
after vegetation resumption with DECIS
EXPERT 100 EC (75 ml/ha)
D in which Variant 4: seed treatment with
DA- dominance of species A LUMIPOSA 625 FS, a treatment with
nA- number of individuals of species A DECIS EXPERT 100 EC at the
belonging to the analyzed samples resumption of spring vegetation plus a
treatment with BISCAYA 240 OD (0.3l/ha)
during the flowering period.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS dominance percentage greater than 10%
(Ceutorhynchus napi 24.50%; Athalia
From table 1, in the case of the
rosae 23.26%; Meligethes aeneus
control variant (without chemical
19.80%; Ceutorhynchus assimilis 11.63%
treatments performed), it appears that the
and Phyllotreta attra 11.13%), 33.33%
largest number of samples collected
are in Dominance Class D2 (recedent)
belong to the species Ceutorhynchus
with a dominance percentage between
napi (99 samples), having a dominance
1.1-2.0% (Phyllotreta nemorum 1.98%;
percentage of 24.50%, followed by
Pieris brassicae 1.73%; Entomoscelis
Athalia rosae with a dominance
adonidis 1.23%) and 11.11% classified in
percentage of 23.26% and a number of
Dominance Class D3 (subdominant) with
94 samples. Of the total of the collected
a dominance percentage between 2.1-5%
pests in the control variant, 55.55% are
(Epicometis hyrta 4.70%).
classified in Class D5 (eudominant) with a
Table1
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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series Vol. XLIX/2019
Abundance and Dominance of entomofauna in variant 1 (without chemical treatments)
Species Abundance( number of collected samples ) Dominance
Sample Sample Sample 3 Total % Class
1 2
Athalia rosae 35 31 28 94 23.26 D5
Ceutorhynchus assimilis 18 7 22 47 11.63 D5
Ceutorhynchus napi 32 26 41 99 24.50 D5
Epicometis hyrta 6 2 11 19 4.70 D3
Meligethes aeneus 25 34 21 80 19.80 D5
Entomoscelis adonidis 3 0 2 5 1.23 D2
Phyllotreta attra 22 14 9 45 11.13 D5
Phyllotreta nemorum 3 0 5 8 1.98 D2
Pieris brassicae 1 4 2 7 1.73 D2
Total collected pests 404
In the second variant (see table 2), (Entomoscelis adonidis and Phyllotreta
where the seed was treated before attra); D4 (dominant) including two
sowing with the insecticide LUMIPOSA species (Athalia rosae and Epicometis
625 FS in the dose of 40ml/500 thousand hyrta); D5 (eudominant) comprising three
seeds, we note the decrease in the species (Ceutorhynchus assimilis;
abundance of the pest Athalia rosae by Ceutorhynchus napi and Meligethes
81.91%, the number of Phyllotreta attra aeneus). Also, the total number of
samples was diminished by 68.88% and samples collected in the second variant
that of Phyllotreta nemorum was was decreased by 28.71% compared to
diminished by 62.50%. Depending on the the control variant.
percentage of dominance, the collected
insects were classified into 4 classes: D1
(subrecedent) including two species
(Phyllotreta nemorum; Pieris brassicae);
D3 (subdominant) with two species
Table 2
Abundance and Dominance of entomofauna in variant 2 (seed treatment only)
Species Abundance( number of collected samples ) Dominance
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Total % Class
Athalia rosae 8 6 3 17 5.90 D4
Ceutorhynchus assimilis 20 5 20 45 15.62 D5
Ceutorhynchus napi 30 27 39 96 33.33 D5
Epicometis hyrta 9 0 10 19 6.59 D4
Meligethes aeneus 30 30 22 82 28.47 D5
Entomoscelis adonidis 6 5 1 12 4.16 D3
Phyllotreta attra 4 7 3 14 4.86 D3
Phyllotreta nemorum 0 0 3 3 1.04 D1
Pieris brassicae 0 0 0 0 0.00 D1
Total collected pests 288
In the third variant (see table 3) insecticide LUMIPOSA 625 FS was
where both seed treatment with the performed in the dose of 40ml/500
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Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series Vol. XLIX/2019
thousand seeds as well as a treatment at group, a phenomenon due to the
the vegetation resumption in the spring treatment carried out in spring.
using the DECIS EXPERT 100 EC Of the total collected pests within this
product at the dose of 75ml/ha the total variant 73.45% belong to class D5
number of collected pests decreased by (Ceutorhynchus assimilis 22.27%;
47.77% compared to the control variant. Ceutorhynchus napi 10.42%; Meligethes
Besides the fact that the number of aeneus 40.75%), 19.90% belong to class
samples of Athalia rosae, Phyllotreta attra D4 (Athalia rosae 7.58%; Epicometis
and Phyllotreta nemorum decreased hyrta 7.10% and Phyllotreta attra 5.21%),
compared to the control variant, we notice classes D3, D2, D1 having one
a significant decrease in abundance in representative as follows: D3
the case of the species Ceutorhynchus (Entomoscelis adonidis 4.26%); D2
napi with 77.77% compared to the control (Phyllotreta nemorum 1.89%); D1 (Pieris
brassicae 0.47%).
Table 3
Abundance and Dominance of pests in the case of variant 3 (seed treatment plus
treatment in vegetation)
Species Abundance ( number of collected samples ) Dominance
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Total % Class
Athalia rosae 6 6 4 16 7.58 D4
Ceutorhynchus assimilis 18 7 22 47 22.27 D5
Ceutorhynchus napi 6 5 11 22 10.42 D5
Epicometis hyrta 7 5 3 15 7.10 D4
Meligethes aeneus 26 33 27 86 40.75 D5
Entomoscelis adonidis 2 4 3 9 4.26 D3
Phyllotreta attra 0 9 2 11 5.21 D4
Phyllotreta nemorum 1 3 0 4 1.89 D2
Pieris brassicae 1 0 0 1 0.47 D1
Total collected pests 211
For both seed treatment with the total collected pests in this variant
LUMIPOSA 625 FS (40ml/500 thousand 44.44% belong to class D5
seeds) and two treatments during the (Ceutorhynchus napi; Meligethes aeneus;
spring vegetation period with DECIS Phyllotreta attra; Ceutorhynchus
EXPERT 100 EC (75ml/ha) and assimilis), 33.33% belong to class D4
BISCAYA 240 OD (0.3l/ha), the number (Phyllotreta nemorum; Athalia rosae;
of collected samples has decreased Epicometis hyrta), and 22.22% belong to
greatly, from 404 to 64 samples class D1 (Entomoscelis adonidis; Pieris
respectively by 84.15% (see table 4). Of brassicae).
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Table 4
Abundance and Dominance of harmful entomofauna in case of variant 4 (seed treatment
and two treatments during vegetation)
Species Abundance (number of collected samples ) Dominance
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Total % Class
Athalia rosae 0 2 3 5 7.81 D4
Ceutorhynchus assimilis 1 0 6 7 10.93 D5
Ceutorhynchus napi 3 9 5 17 26.56 D5
Epicometis hyrta 1 0 3 4 6.25 D4
Meligethes aeneus 5 2 7 14 21.87 D5
Entomoscelis adonidis 0 0 0 0 0.00 D1
Phyllotreta attra 4 2 5 11 17.18 D5
Phyllotreta nemorum 1 0 5 6 9.37 D4
Pieris brassicae 0 0 0 0 0.00 D1
Total collected pests 64
CONCLUSIONS AND at the warning when the pests appear
depending on the economic threshold of
RECOMMENDATIONS
harm. The higher the number of
The rapeseed crop is visited by treatments, the lower the number of pests
many pests depending on the climatic present and consequently the production
conditions of each year, their number losses due to them decrease.
being very variable, in certain years it can
compromise the whole harvest if it is not
intervened with insecticide. In the period BIBLIOGRAPHY
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