UP-PCS Prelims Test Series–2021

Question Booklet No.

iz'u iqfLrdk la[;k
dksM% UP(P)–2104
fo"k;% 2021
lhjh”k
lkekU; vè;;u&I

le;% 2 ?kaVs
D iw.kk±d% 200

mRrj izns’k ihlh,l

PRE
GS TEST-4
2021
 1. Recently, Prime Minister dedicated to the nation, 1. gky gh esa çèkkuea=kh us jk"Vª dks lefiZr] okjk.klh&ç;kxjkt
the six-lane widening project of Prayagraj - Varanasi Ng&ysu pkSM+hdj.k ifj;kstuk mn~?kkVu fd;k ;g •aM gS%
section of: (a) jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 4A dk
(a) National Highway 4A
(b) jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 19 dk
(b) National Highway 19
(c) jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 8D dk
(c) National Highway 8D
(d) jk"Vªh; jktekxZ 113 dk
(d) National Highway 113
2. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly 2. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
matched? (iqjLdkj) (çkIrdÙkkZ)
(Award) (Recipient) (a) johaæukFk VSxksj lkfgR; & jkt dey >k
(a) Rabindranath Tagore Raj Kamal Jha iqjLdkj
Literary Prize (b) lkbafVLV vkWiQ n bZ;j] & ds- flou
(b) Scientist of the Year K. Sivan 2020
2020 (c) n yhtu vkWiQ esfjV & ujsaæ eksnh
(c) The Legion of Merit Narendra Modi (d) ,feusaV bathfu;j & fouksn dqekj ;kno
(d) Eminent Engineer Vinod Kumar vokMZ] 2020
Award 2020 Yadav
3. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls yksdlHkk ds egklfpo ds :i esa
3. Who of the following was appointed as the
fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk\
Secretary-General of Lok Sabha?
(a) mRiy dqekj flag (b) o"kkZ tks'kh
(a) Utpal Kumar Singh (b) Varsha Joshi
(c) th fd'ku jsM~Mh (d) uhry ukjax
(c) G Kishan Reddy (d) Neetal Narang
4. Who won the Bahrain Grand Prix 2020? 4. cgjhu xzSaM fçDl] 2020 fdlus thrk gS\
(a) Danial Ricciardo (b) Lando Norris (a) Msfu;y fjpkMkZs (b) ykaMks uksfjl
(c) Sebastian Vettel (d) Lewis Hamilton (c) lscfLr;u osV~Vy (d) yqbZl gSfeYVu
5. Consider the following statements about Hawker 5. ^gkWdj laLÑfr* ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj
culture: dhft;s%
1. It was recently included in the list of the 1. gky gh esa bls ;wusLdks }kjk ekuork dh vewrZ
intangible cultural heritage of Humanity by lkaLÑfrd fojklr lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
UNESCO.
2. ;g Hkkjr esa lM+d ij Hkkstu idkus vkSj ijkslus dh
2. It is a popular style of street dining and culinary
,d yksdfç; 'kSyh gSA
practice in India.
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2

6. Which of the following planets has the largest 6. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl xzg ds çkÑfrd mixzgksa dh la[;k
number of natural satellites? lcls vfèkd gS\
(a) Jupiter (b) Saturn (a) c`gLifr (b) 'kfu
(c) Neptune (d) Uranus (c) usiP;wu (d) ;wjsul

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 7. With reference to the Earthquake waves, consider 7. Hkwdia rjaxksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
the following statements: 1. P&rjaxs xSl ds lkFk&lkFk Bksl ekè;e ls Hkh xqtj
1. P-waves can travel through gaseous as well as
ldrh gSaA
the solid material.
2. vfèkdsaæ ls 115° ij fLFkr flLeksxzkiQ P&rjaxksa dk
2. Seismograph located at 115º from the epicenter
will detect P-waves but not S-waves. irk rks yxk ldrk gS ijarq S&rjaxksa dk ughaA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
8. Which of the following is the longest mountain 8. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh lcls yach ioZr&ekyk gS\
range?
(a) vkYIl ioZr&ekyk (b) fgeky; ioZr&ekyk
(a) Alps Range (b) Himalayan Range
(c) ,Vyl ioZr&ekyk (d) ,aMht ioZr&ekyk
(c) Atlas Range (d) Andes Range
9. The Kimberley Plateau is located in: 9. fdEcjys iBkj (Kimberley Plateau) dgk¡ fLFkr gS\
(a) South Africa (b) USA (a) nf{k.k vÚhdk (b) la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
(c) Australia (d) Brazil (c) vkWLVªsfy;k (d) czk”khy
10. The actual extent of India from north to south and 10. Hkkjr dk okLrfod foLrkj {ks=k Øe'k% mÙkj ls nf{k.k
east to west is: vkSj iwoZ ls if'pe gS%
(a) 3012 Km and 2767 Km respectively
(a) 3012 fdyksehVj vkSj 2767 fdyksehVj Øe'k%
(b) 3129 Km and 2894 Km respectively
(b) 3129 fdyksehVj vkSj 2894 fdyksehVj Øe'k%
(c) 3214 Km and 2933 Km respectively
(d) 3319 Km and 3016 Km respectively (c) 3214 fdyksehVj vkSj 2933 fdyksehVj Øe'k%

11. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly (d) 3319 fdyksehVj vkSj 3016 fdyksehVj Øe'k%
matched? 11. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
(a) Kathiawar coast – Gujarat (a) dkfB;kokM+ rV & xqtjkr
(b) Malabar coast – Kerala
(b) ekykckj rV & dsjy
(c) Konkan coast – Karnataka
(c) dksad.k rV & dukZVd
(d) Coromandel coast – Tamil Nadu
(d) dksjkseaMy rV & rfeyukMq
12. Which among the following statements is NOT
correct about major island groups in India? 12. Hkkjr esa çeq• }hi lewgksa ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
(a) The Bay of Bengal island groups consist of esa ls dkSu&lk lgh ugha gS\
about 572 islands/islets. (a) caxky dh •kM+h }hi lewg esa yxHkx 572 }hi gSaA
(b) The Andaman and Nicobar group of islands are (b) vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg dks ckjg fMxzh pSuy
separated by the Twelve-degree channel.
}kjk vyx fd;k tkrk gSA
(c) The Arabian sea islands are scattered between
8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude. (c) vjc lkxjh; }hi 8° ls 12° mÙkjh v{kka'k ,oa 71°
(d) The entire Lakshadweep island group is built ls 74° iwohZ ns'kkarjksa ds eè; iQSys gq, gSaA
of coral deposits. (d) laiw.kZ y{k}hi }hi lewg çoky fu{ksi ls cuk gSA

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13. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as 13. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa ftuesa ,d dks vfHkdFku (A)
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). vkSj nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS%
Assertion (A): Footloose industries are located only
vfHkdFku (A)% LoPNan m|ksx (iQwVywl m|ksx) dsoy
at particular places.
Reason (R): They are not dependent on any specific fo'ks"k LFkkuksa ij fLFkr gksrs gSaA
raw material, weight losing or otherwise. dkj.k (R)% os fdlh fof'k"V dPps eky&osV&yqftax eky
Select the correct answer from the codes given below. ;k vU; ij fuHkZj ugha gksrsA
Codes: uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct dwV%
explanation of (A)
(a) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the
O;k[;k gS
correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (b) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true O;k[;k ugha gS
14. Who among the following is called the father of the (c) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gS
Green Revolution in India? (d) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gS
(a) Baldev Singh Dhillon (b) M. Mahadevappa 14. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls Hkkjr esa gfjr Økafr dk tud
(c) B.P. Pal (d) M.S. Swaminathan dgk tkrk gS\
15. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly (a) cynso flag f<Yyksa (b) ,e- egknsoIik
matched?
(c) ch-ih- iky (d) ,e-,l- LokehukFku
(a) Apiculture – Beekeeping
(b) Viticulture – Cultivation of Grapes 15. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
(c) Pomology – Cultivation of Vegetables (a) ,ihdYpj & eèkqeD•h ikyu
(d) Pisciculture – Fish Farming (b) foVhdYpj & vaxwj dh •srh
16. ‘Invest India’ was declared the winner of the 2020 (c) ikseksykWth & lfCt;ksa dh •srh
United Nations Investment Promotion Award by:
(d) filhdYpj & eNyh ikyu
(a) United Nations General Assembly
(b) United Nations Conference on Trade and 16. ^bUosLV bafM;k* dks o"kZ 2020 ds la;qDr jk"Vª fuos'k
Development lao¼Zu iqjLdkj 2020 dk fotsrk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k%
(c) International Labour Organisation (a) la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk
(d) United Nations Industrial Development (b) O;kikj ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª dk lEesyu }kjk
Organization
(c) varjkZ"Vªh; Je laxBu }kjk
17. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
(d) la;qDr jk"Vª vkS|ksfxd fodkl laxBu }kjk
answer using the codes given below the lists:
17. lwph&I dks lwph&II ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj uhps
List-I List-II
fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
(Important Days) (Date)
lwph&I lwph&II
A. National Pollution 1. December 23
Control Day (egÙoiw.kZ fnol) (frfFk)
B. National Mathematics 2. December 2 A. jk"Vªh; çnw"k.k fu;a=k.k fnol 1. 23 fnlacj
Day B. jk"Vªh; xf.kr fnol 2. 2 fnlacj
C. Human Rights Day 3. December 10 C. ekuo vfèkdkj fnol 3. 10 fnlacj
D. National Farmers Day 4. December 22 D. jk"Vªh; fdlku fnol 4. 22 fnlacj

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 4 4
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 Codes: dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 4 3 1 (b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 3 1 4 2 (c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 4 2 3 1 (d) 4 2 3 1
18. On 29 December 2020, the ambitious “New 18. çèkkuea=kh }kjk 29 fnlacj] 2020 dks iwohZ lefiZr ÚsV
Bhaupur-New Khurja section” of the Eastern dkWfjMksj (EDFC) ds egÙokdka{kh ¶U;w Hkkmiqj&U;w •qtkZ
Dedicated Freight Corridor (EDFC) was inaugurated •aM* dk mn~?kkVu fd;k x;k%
by the Prime Minister in:
(a) vle esa (b) mÙkj çns'k esa
(a) Assam (b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) vksfM'kk esa (d) if'pe caxky esa
(c) Odisha (d) West Bengal
19. With which one of the following countries 19. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl ns'k ds lkFk ckaXykns'k us vius
Bangladesh signed its first Preferential Trade igys vfèkekU; O;kikj le>kSrs (PTA) ij gLrk{kj fd;s\
Agreement (PTA)? (a) Hkkjr (b) usiky
(a) India (b) Nepal (c) HkwVku (d) E;k¡ekj
(c) Bhutan (d) Myanmar
20. 30 fnlacj] 2020 dks dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us o"kZ 2021 esa
20. On 30 december 2020, the Union Cabinet approved
rhu Hkkjrh; fe'kuksa dks 'kq: djus dh ea”kwjh nhA
the opening of 3 Indian Missions in 2021. Which of
the following countries is NOT one of them?
fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ns'k muesa ls ,d ugha gS\
(a) Lithuania (b) Estonia (a) fyFkqvkfu;k (b) ,LVksfu;k
(c) Paraguay (d) Dominican Republic (c) iSjkXos (d) Mksfefudu x.kjkT;
21. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? 21. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr gS\
Grassland Location ?kklHkwfe {ks=k
1. Steppes – Central Asia 1. LVsih & eè; ,f'k;k
2. Pampas – North America
2. iEikl & mÙkjh vesfjdk
3. Rangelands – South Africa
3. jsatySaM~l & nf{k.k vÚhdk
4. Downs – Australia
4. Mkmal & vkWLVªsfy;k
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below: uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
(a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 4 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1 and 3 only (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
22. ‘Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam’ is built on 22. ^xzSaM bfFk;ksfi;u jsuslka MSe* fdl unh ij cuk;k x;k gS\
which river?
(a) Cyw uhy (b) àkbV uhy
(a) Blue Nile (b) White Nile
(c) vkseks unh (d) vkWjsat unh
(c) Omo river (d) Orange river
23. The term ‘Oumuamua’ was recently in the news. It 23. ^vksmeqvkeqvk* (Oumuamua) 'kCn gky gh esa lekpkjksa
is related to: esa FkkA ;g fdlls lacafèkr gS\
(a) Black Hole (b) Interstellar Object (a) CySd gksy (b) baVjLVsyj vkWCtsDV
(c) Jupiter’s moon (d) Comet (c) c`gLifr dk paæ (d) èkwedsrq

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 5 5
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24. Which of the following are the cold ocean currents? 24. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh BaMh egklkxjh; èkkjk,¡ gSa\
1. Agulhas 2. Kuroshio 1. vxqygkl 2. D;wjksf'k;ks
3. Oyashio 4. Labrador 3. vks;kf'k;ks 4. ySczkMksj
Select the correct answer using the code given
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
below:
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 3 vkSj 4
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1 and 3 only (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (d) dsoy 1 vkSj 3

25. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 25. lwph&I dks lwph&II ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj lwfp;ksa
answer using the codes given below the lists. ds uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
List-I List-II lwph&I lwph&II
(National Waterways) (Stretch) (jk"Vªh; tyekxZ) (foLrkj)
A. NW-2 1. Allahabad-Haldia A. jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&2 1. bykgkckn&gfYn;k
B. NW-3 2. Kollam-Kottapuram B. jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&3 2. dksYye&dksV~Vkiqje
C. NW-1 3. Kakinada-
C. jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&1 3. dkdhukMk&iqn~nqpsjh
Puducherry
D. jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&4 4. lkfn;k&èkqcjh
D. NW-4 4. Sadiya-Dhubri
Codes: dwV%
A B C D
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
(a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 4 1 3 2
(b) 4 1 3 2
(c) 3 4 1 2
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 4 2 1 3
(d) 4 2 1 3
26. var% m".kdfVcaèkh; vfHklj.k {ks=k (ITCZ) ds lanHkZ esa
26. With reference to the Inter Tropical Convergence
Zone (ITCZ), which of the following statements is
fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk lgh ugha gS\
NOT correct? (a) ;g ,d mPp ncko okyk {ks=k gSA
(a) It is a high-pressure zone. (b) bl {ks=k esa ok;q Åij mBus yxrh gSA
(b) It is a zone where air tends to ascend. (c) ITCZ ds mÙkj dh vksj f•ldus ds dkj.k nf{k.kh
(c) Due to the shift of ITCZ, the trade winds of the xksyk¼Z dh O;kikfjd iousa fo"kqor o`Ùk dks ikj dj
southern hemisphere cross the equator. tkrh gSaA
(d) In winter, the ITCZ moves southward. (d) 'khr ½rq esa] ITCZ nf{k.k dh vksj f•ldrk gSA
27. The management and protection of forests and 27. i;kZoj.kh;] lkekftd vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl esa enn djus
afforestation on barren lands with the purpose of
ds mn~ns'; ls catj Hkwfe ij taxyksa vkSj ouhdj.k dk
helping in the environmental, social, and rural
development is called:
çcaèku rFkk laj{k.k dgk tkrk gS%
(a) Community forestry (a) lkeqnkf;d okfudh
(b) Rural forestry (b) xzkeh.k okfudh
(c) Social forestry (c) lkekftd okfudh
(d) Agro-forestry (d) Ñf"k&okfudh

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 6 6
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28. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as 28. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa ftuesa ,d dks vfHkdFku (A)
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). vkSj nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS%
Assertion (A): The hot weather season in south India vfHkdFku (A)% nf{k.k Hkkjr esa xzh"e ½rq mÙkj Hkkjr ls
is more intense as found in north India. vfèkd rh{.k gksrh gSA
Reason (R): The Peninsular situation of south India dkj.k (R)% nf{k.kh Hkkjr dh çk;}hih; fLFkfr leqæ ds
with moderating effect of the oceans keeps the ledkjh çHkko ds dkj.k ;gk¡ ds rkieku dks mÙkjh Hkkjr
temperatures lower than that prevailing in north esa çpfyr rkiekuksa ls uhps j•rh gSA
India. uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Select the correct answer from the codes given dwV%
below.
(a) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
Codes:
O;k[;k gS
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
(b) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
explanation of (A)
O;k[;k ugha gS
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the
(c) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gS
correct explanation of (A)
(d) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gS
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true 29. dksisu dh ;kstuk ds vuqlkj] ^vo* (Aw) fu:fir
djrk gS%
29. According to Koeppen’s Scheme, ‘Aw’ denotes:
(a) xeZ jsfxLrku
(a) Hot desert
(b) m".kdfVcaèkh; lokuk
(b) Tropical savannah
(c) 'kq"d xzh"e ds lkFk ekulwu
(c) Monsoon with dry summer
(d) èkzqoh; çdkj
(d) Polar type
30. ddZ js•k fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl jkT; ls gksdj ugha
30. The Tropic of Cancer does NOT pass through which
of the following Indian states?
xqtjrh gS\
(a) jktLFkku
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Madhya Pradesh (b) eè; çns'k

(c) Odisha (c) vksfM'kk

(d) Mizoram (d) fe”kksje

31. With the recent inclusion of Gwalior and Orchha in 31. gky gh esa fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa dh lwph esa Xokfy;j vkSj
the list of world heritage cities, what is the total vksjNk dks 'kkfey djus ds lkFk] Hkkjr esa ;wusLdks dh
number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India? fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa dh dqy la[;k fdruh gS\
(a) 38 (a) 38
(b) 39 (b) 39
(c) 40 (c) 40
(d) 41 (d) 41

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 7 7
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32. With reference to the Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojgar 32. vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr jks”kxkj ;kstuk (ABRY) ds lanHkZ esa
Yojana (ABRY), which of the following statement(s) fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
is/are correct?
1. bl ;kstuk dks dsaæh; eaf=keaMy }kjk vukSipkfjd
1. In December 2020, the scheme was approved
by the Union cabinet to boost employment in {ks=k esa jks”kxkj dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s fnlacj 2020
the informal sector. esa vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k FkkA
2. The entire period of scheme is 2020-23. 2. bl ;kstuk dh laiw.kZ vofèk 2020-2023 gSA
3. Under the scheme, the Government of India 3. ;kstuk ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj 1 vDrwcj] 2020 ls
will provide a subsidy for two years in respect ysdj 30 twu] 2021 rd layXu fd;s x, u,
of new employees engaged on or after 1st
October 2020 and up to 30th June 2021.
deZpkfj;ksa ds lacaèk esa nks o"kZ ds fy;s lfClMh çnku
djsxhA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
below. uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Codes: dwV%
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) dsoy 1 (d) 1, 2 vkSj 3
33. Which of the following countries declared a “climate
emergency” on December 2, 2020? 33. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl ns'k us 2 fnlacj] 2020 dks
(a) Brazil (b) New Zealand ¶tyok;q vkikrdky¸ ?kksf"kr fd;k\
(c) India (d) China (a) czk”khy (b) U;w”khySaM
34. What was the rank of India in the Global Terrorism (c) Hkkjr (d) phu
Index 2020? 34. Xykscy Vsjfj”e baMsDl] 2020 esa Hkkjr dh jSad D;k Fkh\
(a) 8th (b) 9th
(a) 8oha (b) 9oha
(c) 10th (d) 11th
(c) 10oha (d) 11oha
35. What is “Nongpok Sekmai” that was in the news
recently? 35. gky gh esa lekpkjksa esa jgk ¶uksaxiksd lsdebZ¸ D;k gS\
(a) A medicinal tree discovered from the Himalayas (a) fgeky; ls •kstk x;k ,d vkS"kèkh; o`{k
(b) A Buddhist monastery of Himachal Pradesh (b) fgekpy çns'k dk ,d ckS¼ eB
(c) Best Police station of India
(c) Hkkjr dk loZJs"B iqfyl LVs'ku
(d) A counter-terrorism military operation of
Nagaland (d) ukxkySaM dk vkradokn fojksèkh lSU; vfHk;ku

36. With reference to the Trans-Siberian Railway, 36. Vªkal&lkbcsfj;u jsyos ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij
consider the following statements: fopkj dhft;s%
1. It runs from Baltic Sea in the west to the Sea 1. ;g if'pe esa ckfYVd lkxj ls iwoZ esa tkiku lkxj
of Japan in the East. rd ifjpkfyr gSA
2. It is the longest electrified rail route in the
2. ;g fo'o dk lcls yack fo|qrhÑr jsy ekxZ gSA
world.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 8 8
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37. Which of the following Scheduled Tribes in India 37. Hkkjr dh fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh vuqlwfpr tutkfr
is famous for its African ancestry? vius vÚhdh ewy ds fy;s çfl¼ gS\
(a) Siddis of Karnataka (a) dukZVd ds fln~nh
(b) Mundas of Chhattisgarh (b) NÙkhlx<+ ds eqaMk
(c) Gondi people of Maharashtra (c) egkjk"Vª ds xksaMh
(d) Sentinelese of Andaman (d) vaMeku ds lsaVhusyht
38. Which of the following climatic types has the 38. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk tyok;q çdkj xeZ 'kq"d
characteristic of a hot dry summer and a concentration xzh"edky vkSj 'khrdky esa o"kkZ dh ,dkxzrk dh fo'ks"krk
of rainfall in winter? j•rk gS\
(a) Laurentian Climate (a) ykWjsaf'k;u tyok;q
(b) British type Climate (b) fczfV'k rqY; tyok;q
(c) Tropical Monsoon Climate (c) m".kdfVcaèkh; ekulwu tyok;q
(d) Mediterranean type Climate (d) Hkweè;lkxjh; tyok;q
39. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 39. lwph&I dks lwph&II ls lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj uhps fn;s x,
answer using the codes given below:
dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s%
List-I List-II
lwph&I lwph&II
(Layer of Ocean) (Also known as)
(egklkxj dk Lrj) (bl uke ls Hkh tkuk
A. Epipelagic Zone 1. Midnight Zone tkrk gS)
B. Mesopelagic Zone 2. Deepest Zone A. ,ihisySftd ”kksu 1. eè;jkf=k {ks=k
C. Bathypelagic Zone 3. Sunlight Zone
B. eslksisySftd ”kksu 2. xgjk {ks=k
D. Hadalpelagic Zone 4. Twilight Zone
C. ckFkisySftd ”kksu 3. lw;Z çdk'k {ks=k
Codes: D. gSMyisySftd ”kksu 4. xksèkqyh {ks=k
A B C D
dwV%
(a) 1 2 3 4
A B C D
(b) 3 4 1 2 (a) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 3 2 1 (b) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 3 2 1 (c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
40. Which among the following Indian states share its
boundaries with Bangladesh? 40. buesa ls fdl Hkkjrh; jkT; dh lhek ckaXykns'k ls yxrh gS\
(a) Mizoram (b) Odisha (a) fe”kksje (b) vksfM'kk
(c) Jharkhand (d) Nagaland (c) >kj•aM (d) uxkySaM
41. The oldest geographical region of India is: 41. Hkkjr dk lcls çkphure HkkSxksfyd {ks=k gS%
(a) Coastal Plains (a) rVh; eSnku
(b) Peninsular Plateau (b) çk;}hih; iBkj
(c) Northern Plains (c) mÙkjh eSnku
(d) Deserts (d) e#LFky

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 9 9
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42. Which district of Uttar Pradesh is known as India’s 42. mÙkj çns'k ds fdl f”kys dks Hkkjr dh b=k jktèkkuh ds
perfume capital? :i esa tkuk tkrk gS\
(a) Mainpuri (b) Kannauj (a) eSuiqjh (b) dUukSt
(c) Hardoi (d) Lucknow (c) gjnksbZ (d) y•uÅ
43. In which year the Uttar Pradesh State Mineral 43. mÙkj çns'k jkT; •fut fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM dh LFkkiuk
Development Corporation Limited was established? fdl o"kZ dh xbZ Fkh\
(a) 1972 (b) 1973 (a) 1972 (b) 1973
(c) 1974 (d) 1975
(c) 1974 (d) 1975
44. Consider the following statements about Namami
44. uekfe xaxs dk;ZØe ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij
Gange Programme:
fopkj dhft;s%
1. It was launched by the Union Government in
1. bls dsæa ljdkj }kjk o"kZ 2014 esa ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA
2014.
2. uekfe xaxs dk;ZØe ds eq[; LraHkksa esa ls ,d
2. Biodiversity is one of the main pillars of the
Namami Gange Programme. tSo&fofoèkrk gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;qZDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) Only 1 is correct (a) dsoy 1 lgh gS
(b) Only 2 is correct (b) dsoy 2 lgh gS
(c) Both 1 and 2 are correct (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa lgh gSa
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
45. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 45. lwph&I ds lkFk lwph&II dks lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj lwfp;ksa
answer using the codes given below the lists. ds uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
List-I List-II lwph&I lwph&II
(Location) (>hysa) (LFkku)
A. Didwana 1. Maharashtra A. MhMokuk 1. egkjk"Vª
B. Vembanad 2. Rajasthan B. osEcukn 2. jktLFkku
C. Fulhar 3. Kerala C. iQqygj 3. dsjy
D. Lonar 4. Uttar Pradesh D. yksukj 4. mÙkj çns'k
Codes: dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3 (a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 2 3 4 1 (b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 1 3 2 (c) 4 1 3 2
(d) 3 4 2 1 (d) 3 4 2 1
46. In December 2020, the Majerhat bridge in Kolkata 46. fnlacj 2020 esa] dksydkrk ds ektjgkV iqy dk uke
was renamed as: cnydj fd;k x;k%
(a) ‘Subhash Chandra Bose’ Bridge (a) lqHkk"k paæ cksl iqy
(b) ‘Jai Hind’ Bridge (b) t; fgan iqy
(c) ‘Mahatma Gandhi’ Bridge (c) egkRek xkaèkh iqy
(d) ‘Inqalab’ Bridge (d) badykc iqy

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 10 10
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47. Consider the following statements about Passage 47. ekxZ vH;kl (PASSEX) ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
Exercise: ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. In December 2020, the Air Force of India and 1. fnlacj 2020 esa Hkkjr vkSj :l dh ok;q lsuk us
Russia jointly conducted this exercise. la;qDr :i ls bl vH;kl dk vk;kstu fd;kA
2. It was conducted in the Eastern Indian Ocean 2. ;g iwohZ fgan egklkxj {ks=k esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA
Region.
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) dsoy 1
(a) Only 1 is correct
(b) dsoy 2
(b) Only 2 is correct
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
(d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
48. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls Vkbe eSxthu dk ^fdM vkWiQ n
48. Who among the following was named Time
Magazine’s ‘Kid of the Year’?
bZ;j* ukfer fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) Muhammed Muhsin (a) eqgEen eqgflu
(b) Gitanjali Rao (b) xhrkatfy jko
(c) Divina Maloum (c) fMfouk eykSe
(d) Greta Thunberg (d) xzsVk FkucxZ

49. Which among the following nations became the 49. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ns'k fnlacj 2020 esa paæek
second country in the world to unfurl its national dh lrg ij viuk jk"Vªh; èot iQgjkus okyk fo'o dk
flag on the Moon surface in December 2020? nwljk ns'k cu x;k\
(a) India (b) Japan (a) Hkkjr (b) tkiku
(c) France (d) China (c) Úk¡l (d) phu
50. Narinder Singh Kapany passed away recently. He 50. ufjanj flag dikuh dk gky gh esa fuèku gks x;kA mUgsa
is regarded as: tkuk tkrk gS\
(a) Father of Fiber Optics (a) iQkbcj vkWfIVDl dk tud
(b) Father of Genomics (b) thuksfeDl dk tud
(c) Father of Cyber Security (c) lkbcj lqj{kk dk tud
(d) None of the above
(d) mijksDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
51. Arrange the following Islands of Indian ocean in
51. fgan egklkxj ds fuEufyf•r }hiksa dks if'pe ls iwoZ dh
West to East order:
vksj O;ofLFkr dhft;s%
1. Socotra 2. Reunion
1. lksdks=kk 2. jh;wfu;u
3. Diego Garcia 4. Shaheed Dweep
3. fM,xks xkflZ;k 4. 'kghn }hi
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Codes: dwV%
(a) 1-2-3-4 (b) 4-3-2-1 (a) 1-2-3-4 (b) 4-3-2-1
(c) 2-1-3-4 (d) 2-3-1-4 (c) 2-1-3-4 (d) 2-3-1-4

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52. With reference to the type of tides, consider the 52. TokjHkkVk ds çdkj ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij
following statements: fopkj dhft;s%
1. Spring tides occur when sun, moon and earth 1. o`gr Tokj rc gksrk gS tc lw;Z] paæek vkSj i`Foh
are in a straight line. ,d lhèkh js•k esa gksrs gSaA
2. Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are 2. tc lw;Z vkSj paæek ,d nwljs ds ledks.k ij gksrs
at right angles to each other. gSa rks fuEu Tokj vkrs gSaA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
53. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 53. lwph&I ds lkFk lwph&II dks lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj lwfp;ksa
answer using the codes given below:
ds uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
List-I List-II
lwph&I lwph&II
(Volcanic Landform) (Feature)
(Tokykeq•h (fo'ks"krk,¡)
A. Dykes 1. Cooled portion of
LFkkykÑfr;k¡)
magma chambers
A. Mkbd 1. eSXek HkaMkjksa dk tek gqvk
B. Sill 2. Dome shaped with
Hkkx
a level base
B. fly 2. xqacnuqek fo'kky varoZsèkh
C. Batholiths 3. Perpendicular to
pêðkusa
ground & wall-like
C. cSFkksfyFk 3. èkjkry vkSj nhokj dh
D. Laccoliths 4. Horizontal sheet like
Hkk¡fr lajpuk
Codes: D. ySdksfyFk 4. {kSfrt ry esa ,d pknj
A B C D ds :i esa
(a) 3 4 1 2
dwV%
(b) 3 4 2 1 A B C D
(c) 4 3 1 2 (a) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 2 3 1 (b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 4 3 1 2
54. Which of the following is a double-landlocked
(d) 4 2 3 1
country?
(a) Kazakhstan (b) Liechtenstein 54. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ,d Mcy&ySaMykWd ns'k gS\
(c) Switzerland (d) Paraguay (a) d”kk•Lrku (b) fypsaLVhu
(c) fLoV~”kjySaM (d) iSjkXos
55. The Indian Standard Time is ahead of Greenwich
Mean Time by: 55. Hkkjrh; ekud le; xzhufop ehu Vkbe ls vkxs gS%
(a) 4 hours and 15 minutes (a) 4 ?kaVs vkSj 15 feuV
(b) 4 hours and 30 minutes (b) 4 ?kaVs vkSj 30 feuV
(c) 5 hours and 10 minutes (c) 5 ?kaVs vkSj 10 feuV
(d) 5 hours and 30 minutes (d) 5 ?kaVs vkSj 30 feuV

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 12 12
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56. Which state of India is also known as the ‘Molasses 56. Hkkjr ds fdl jkT; dks ^eksyklsl csflu* ds uke ls Hkh
basin’? tkuk tkrk gS\
(a) Uttarakhand (b) Mizoram (a) mÙkjk•aM (b) fetksje
(c) Meghalaya (d) Chattisgarh
(c) es?kky; (d) NÙkhlx<+
57. The approximate length of the Great Himalayan
range is: 57. xzsV fgeky;u jsat dh vuqekfur yackbZ gS%
(a) 2500 Km (b) 2600 Km (a) 2500 fdyksehVj (b) 2600 fdyksehVj
(c) 2700 Km (d) 2800 Km (c) 2700 fdyksehVj (d) 2800 fdyksehVj
58. Which is the correct arrangement of Plateaus in the 58. iwoZ ls if'pe fn'kk esa iBkjksa dk lgh Øe dkSu&lk gS\
east to west direction? (a) ekyok] NksVk ukxiqj] es?kky;] esokM+
(a) Malwa, Chota Nagpur, Meghalaya, Mewar
(b) es?kky;] NksVk ukxiqj] ekyok] esokM+
(b) Meghalaya, Chota Nagpur, Malwa, Mewar
(c) NksVk ukxiqj] esokM+] ekyok] es?kky;
(c) Chota Nagpur, Mewar, Malwa, Meghalaya
(d) es?kky;] ekyok] esokM+] NksVk ukxiqj
(d) Meghalaya, Malwa, Mewar, Chota Nagpur
59. With reference to the migration, which of the 59. çoklu ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa dkSu&lk@ls lgh
following statement(s) is/are correct? gS@gSa\
1. Pull factors cause people to leave their place 1. iqy iQSDVj ds dkj.k yksx vius fuokl LFkku ;k
of residence or origin. ewy fuokl dks NksM+ nsrs gSaA
2. Push factor attracts people from different 2. iq'k iQSDVj fofHkUu LFkkuksa ls yksxksa dks vkdf"kZr
places.
djrk gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
below.
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
Codes: (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 60. lwph&I ds lkFk lwph&II dks lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj lwfp;ksa
60. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct ds uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
answer using the codes given below the lists.
lwph&I lwph&II
List-I List-II
(tutkfr) (jkT;)
(State)
A. psapw 1. f=kiqjk
A. Chenchu 1. Tripura
B. Halam 2. Uttar Pradesh B. gyke 2. mÙkj çns'k
C. Katkari 3. Telangana C. dkrdkjh 3. rsyaxkuk
D. Tharu 4. Maharashtra D. Fkk: 4. egkjk"Vª
Codes: dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2 (a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 1 4 3 2 (b) 1 4 3 2
(c) 4 2 1 3 (c) 4 2 1 3
(d) 3 4 2 1 (d) 3 4 2 1

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 13 13
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61. What is the total length of the Agra Metro Rail 61. vkxjk esVªks jsy ifj;kstuk dh dqy yackbZ D;k gS] ftlds
Project of which the first phase construction was igys pj.k ds fuekZ.k dk mn~?kkVu gky gh esa çèkkuea=kh
virtually inaugurated by the Prime Minister recently? }kjk fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) 14.7 Km (b) 29.4 Km (a) 14.7 fdyksehVj (b) 29.4 fdyksehVj
(c) 38.2 km (d) 49.3 Km (c) 38.2 fdyksehVj (d) 49.3 fdyksehVj
62. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 62. fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
1. Recently, the Uttar Pradesh State Tourism 1. gky gh esa mÙkj çns'k jkT; i;ZVu foHkkx us jkT; esa
Department signed an MoU with the Inland ty i;ZVu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s Hkkjrh; varnZs'kh;
Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) to tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k (IWAI) ds lkFk ,d le>kSrk
promote water tourism in the state. Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd;k gSA
2. The headquarters of the Inland Waterways 2. Hkkjrh; varnZs'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k dk eq[;ky;
Authority of India is in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. mÙkj çns'k ds uks,Mk esa gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given uhps fn;s x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
below. dwV%
Codes: (a) dsoy 1
(a) Only 1 is correct (b) dsoy 2
(b) Only 2 is correct (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(c) Both 1 and 2 are correct (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
63. ,f'k;k di] 2021 dh es”kckuh fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk
63. Which country will host the Asia Cup 2021? ns'k djsxk\
(a) Bangladesh (b) India (a) ckaXykns'k (b) Hkkjr
(c) Pakistan (d) Sri Lanka (c) ikfdLrku (d) Jhyadk
64. Which edition of the South Asian Association for 64. 8 fnlacj] 2020 dks nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx la?k
Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Charter Day was (SAARC) pkVZj fnol ds dkSu&ls laLdj.k dk vk;kstu
observed on 8th December 2020? fd;k x;k\
th th
(a) 36 (b) 37 (a) 36ok¡ (b) 37ok¡
th th
(c) 38 (d) 39 (c) 38ok¡ (d) 39ok¡
65. UN Population Award for 2020 in the institutional 65. o"kZ 2020 ds fy;s laLFkkxr Js.kh esa la;qDr jk"Vª tula[;k
category was given to: iqjLdkj fn;k x;k%
(a) Child in Need Institute (a) pkbYM bu uhM baLVhV~;wV
(b) HelpAge India (b) gsYi ,t bafM;k
(c) Orbis International (c) vksfcZl baVjus'kuy
(d) Rescue Foundation (d) jsLD;w iQkmaMs'ku
66. Which of the following is a dwarf planet? 66. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu ,d ckSuk xzg gS\
(a) Pluto (b) Bennu (a) IywVks (b) csuw
(c) Ryugu (d) Vesta (c) j;qxw (d) osLrk

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 14 14
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67. The Prime Meridian and Equator meet in: 67. çèkku eè;kÉ js•k vkSj Hkweè; js•k feyrs gSa%
(a) Gulf of Bothnia (b) Gulf of Aden (a) cksFkfu;k dh •kM+h esa (b) vnu dh •kM+h esa
(c) Gulf of Guinea (d) Gulf of Sidra (c) fxuh dh •kM+h esa (d) flæ dh •kM+h esa
68. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 68. lwph&I ds lkFk lwph&II dks lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj lwfp;ksa
answer using the codes given below the lists: ds uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
List-I List-II lwph&I lwph&II
(Soils) (Climatic Region) (e`nk) (tyok;q {ks=k)
A. Laterite 1. Humid cold temperate A. ySVsjkbV 1. vkæZ 'khrks".k
B. Chestnut 2. Hot and humid B. psLVuV 2. xeZ vkSj vkæZ
C. Podzol 3. Temperate cold steppe C. iksMtksy 3. 'khrks".k dfVcaèk
D. Chernozem 4. Semi-arid D. psukZste 4. v¼Z&'kq"d
Codes:
dwV%
A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 4 3 1 (b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 2 4 1 3 (c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 4 3 2 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
69. 'kSyksa ds çdkj ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj
69. With reference to the types of rocks, consider the
following statements: dhft;s%
1. Igneous rocks are also called plutonic rocks. 1. vkXus; 'kSyksa dks çkFkfed 'kSy Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

2. Metamorphic rocks are changed from their 2. dk;karfjr 'kSyksa ds ewy :i esa ifjorZu mPp rki
original form by immense heat or pressure. vkSj nkc ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2

70. Which of the following statements is NOT correct 70. iSaxksax Rlks >hy ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls
about Pangong Tso lake? dkSu&lk lgh ugha gS\
(a) It is located in the Union Territory of Ladakh. (a) ;g dsaæ'kkflr çns'k yn~nk• esa fLFkr gSA
(b) It is situated at a height of almost 4,350m. (b) ;g yxHkx 4,350 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij fLFkr gSA
(c) It is the world’s highest saltwater lake. (c) ;g fo'o dh lcls Å¡ph •kjs ikuh dh >hy gSA
(d) The one-third portion of the Lake lies in China (d) >hy dk ,d frgkbZ fgLlk phu esa vkSj ckfd nks
and the other two-thirds in India. frgkbZ Hkkjr esa gSA
71. Which of the following is the only active volcano 71. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk Hkkjr esa ,dek=k lfØ;
in India? Tokykeq•h gS\
(a) Mount Merapi (b) Galunggung (a) esjkih ioZr (b) xyqaxxax
(c) Barren Island (d) Mount Fuji (c) cSjsu }hi (d) iQwth ioZr

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72. The drainage pattern resembling the branches of a 72. ,d isM+ dh 'kk•kvksa tSlh fn•us okyh viokg ra=k ç.kkyh
tree is known as: dks dgk tkrk%
(a) Radial (b) Dendritic (a) vjh; (b) o`{kkdkj
(c) Trellis (d) Centripetal (c) tkyhuqek (d) dsUækfHkeq•
73. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as
73. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa ftuesa ,d dks vfHkdFku (A)
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
vkSj nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS%
Assertion (A): The impact of a tsunami is less over
the ocean and more near the coast.
vfHkdFku (A)% lqukeh dk çHkko egklkxj esa de vkSj
Reason (R): The speed of waves in the ocean rV ds fudV vfèkd gksrk gSA
depends upon the depth of water. dkj.k (R)% egklkxj esa rjaxksa dh xfr ty dh xgjkbZ
Select the correct answer from the codes given ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
below. uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Codes: dwV%
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct (a) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
explanation of (A) O;k[;k gS
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the (b) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
correct explanation of (A)
O;k[;k ugha gS
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(c) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gS
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
(d) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gS
74. Which one among the following cities of Uttar
Pradesh is NOT on the riverbank of Yamuna? 74. mÙkj çns'k ds fuEufyf•r 'kgjksa esa ls dkSu&lk 'kgj ;equk
(a) Baghpat (b) Agra ds unh rV ij fLFkr ugha gS\
(c) Etawah (d) Banda (a) ckxir (b) vkxjk

75. With reference to the cotton textile industry, which (c) bVkok (d) ck¡nk
of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 75. lwrh oL=k m|ksx ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls
1. In 1854, the first modern cotton mill was dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
established in Ahmedabad. 1. o"kZ 1854 esa vgenkckn esa igyh vkèkqfud dikl
2. Cotton does not lose weight in the manufacturing fey dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA
process.
2. fofuekZ.k çfØ;k esa dikl dk otu de ugha gksrk gSA
3. Kanpur is the largest center of the cotton textile
3. mÙkj çns'k esa dkuiqj lwrh oL=k m|ksx dk lcls cM+k
industry in Uttar Pradesh.
dsaæ gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
below: uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
(a) 1 and 2 only (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(b) 3 only (b) dsoy 3
(c) 2 and 3 only (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 vkSj 3

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76. With reference to the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ 76. vkfl;ku ds j{kk eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd&Iyl (ADMM-Plus)
Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus), which of the following ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk dFku lgh ugha gS\
statements is NOT correct?
(a) bldh LFkkiuk o"kZ 2010 esa gqbZ FkhA
(a) It was established in the year 2010.
(b) ;g ,d f}&okf"kZd cSBd gSA
(b) It is a bi-annual meeting.
(c) ;g vkfl;ku vkSj blds vkB laokn lk>snkjksa ds
(c) It is a platform for ASEAN and its eight
Dialogue Partners. fy;s ,d eap gSA
(d) The 2020 edition of the ADMM-Plus was (d) ,-Mh-,e-,e-&Iyl ds o"kZ 2020 ds laLdj.k dh
hosted by Vietnam. es”kckuh fo;ruke }kjk dh xbZ FkhA
77. Which edition of the virtual exhibition on the shared 77. 'ka?kkbZ lg;ksx laxBu (SCO) ns'kksa dh lk>k ckS¼ fojklr
Buddhist heritage of the Shanghai Cooperation ij vkHkklh çn'kZuh dk dkSu&lk laLdj.k o"kZ 2020 esa
Organisation (SCO) countries was launched in vk;ksftr fd;k x;k Fkk\
2020?
(a) çFke laLdj.k (b) f}rh; laLdj.k
(a) 1st edition (b) 2nd edition
(c) r`rh; laLdj.k (d) prqFkZ laLdj.k
(c) 3rd edition (d) 4th edition
78. “Beresheet 2” is a moon mission of: 78. ¶csjs'khV 2¸ ,d paæek fe'ku gS%
(a) Qatar (a) drj dk
(b) Iran (b) bZjku dk
(c) UAE (c) la;qDr vjc vehjkr dk
(d) Israel (d) b”kjk;y dk
79. Who among the following has been appointed as the 79. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls ¶fo'o LokLF; laxBu (WHO)
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the “The World
iQkmaMs'ku¸ ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh (CEO) ds :i
Health Organization (WHO) Foundation”?
esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS\
(a) Manisha Singh (b) Duarte Pacheco
(a) euh"kk flag (b) nqrsrZs ipsdks
(c) Anil Soni (d) Michael Irani
(c) vfuy lksuh (d) ekbdy bZjkuh
80. Consider the following statements about Lucknow
Municipal Bonds: 80. ^y•uÅ E;qfufliy ckW.M~l* ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r
1. It is a Rs. 1000 Cr bond. dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
2. It was recently listed on Bombay Stock 1. ;g 1000 djksM+ #i, dk ckW.M gSA
Exchange Limited. 2. bls gky gh esa ckWEcs LVkWd ,Dlpsat fyfeVsM esa
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? lwphc¼ fd;k x;k FkkA
(a) Only 1 is correct mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(b) Only 2 is correct
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
81. Which of the following local winds is also known 81. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl LFkkuh; iou dks ^MkWDVj* iou
as the Doctor wind? ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS\
(a) Chinook (b) Foehn (a) fpuwd (b) iQksgsu
(c) Mistral (d) Harmattan (c) feLVªy (d) gjeV~Vu

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 17 17
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82. Which of the following types of clouds has the form 82. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk es?k liQsn rarq tSlk gksrk gSa]
of white filaments, mostly white patches and are çk;% liQsn iV~Vh ds :i esa fc•js gksrs gSa vkSj muesa
always composed of the ice crystal? fged.k ekStwn gksrs gSa\
(a) Cirrus (b) Altocumulus (a) i{kkHk (b) mPpdiklh
(c) Cumulonimbus (d) Nimbostratus (c) diklh o"kkZ (d) o"kkZLrjh
83. Consider the following statements:
83. fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. The highest tides in India occur in the Gulf of
1. Hkkjr esa lcls Å¡pk TokjHkkVk dPN dh •kM+h esa
Kutch.
vkrk gSA
2. The highest tides in the USA occur in
2. la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa lcls Å¡pk TokjHkkVk ,adjst]
Anchorage, Alaska.
vykLdk esa vkrk gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
84. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through which of
the following countries? 84. edj js•k fuEufyf•r esa ls fdu ns'kksa ls gksdj xqtjrh gS\
1. Zimbabwe 2. Uruguay 1. f”kEckCos 2. m#Xos
3. Mozambique 4. Chile 3. eks”kkfEcd 4. fpyh
Select the correct answer using the codes given uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
below: (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 3 vkSj 4
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 only (c) dsoy 1 vkSj 4 (d) dsoy 2 vkSj 4
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 2 and 4 only
85. HkkxhjFkh unh vyduank ls feyrh gS%
85. The Bhagirathi river meets the Alaknanda at:
(a) fo".kq ç;kx esa (b) #æ ç;kx esa
(a) Vishnu Prayag (b) Rudra Prayag
(c) nsoç;kx esa (d) d.kZ ç;kx esa
(c) Devprayag (d) Karna Prayag
86. Hkkjr dk nf{k.kre fcanq fLFkr gS\
86. The southernmost point of India is located in:
(a) dsjy
(a) Kerala
(b) y{k}hi }hilewg
(b) Lakshadweep islands
(c) rfeyukMq
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg
(d) Andaman and Nicobar islands
87. Geologically, Uttar Pradesh was part of: 87. HkwoSKkfud :i ls mÙkj çns'k fdldk Hkkx Fkk\

(a) Gondwanaland (b) Angaraland (a) xksaMokukySaM (b) vaxkjkySaM

(c) Laurasia (d) None of the above (c) ykWjsf'k;k (d) buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ugha

88. What is the rank of Uttar Pradesh in terms of area? 88. {ks=kiQy dh n`f"V ls mÙkj çns'k dk dkSu&lk LFkku gS\
(a) Third (b) Fourth (a) rhljk (b) pkSFkk
(c) Fifth (d) Sixth (c) ik¡pok¡ (d) NBka

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 18 18
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89. Consider the following statements about Tropical 89. m".kdfVcaèkh; i.kZikrh ouksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
Deciduous Forests: ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. These are the most widespread forests in India. 1. ;s Hkkjr esa lcls O;kid ou gSaA
2. These occur in the regions which receive 2. ;s ,sls {ks=kksa esa gksrs gSa tgk¡ 70-200 lseh- ds chp
rainfall between 70-200 cm. o"kkZ gksrh gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
below.
Codes:
dwV%
(a) 1 only (a) dsoy 1

(b) 2 only (b) dsoy 2

(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2

90. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as 90. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa ftuesa ,d dks vfHkdFku (A)
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). vkSj nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS%
Assertion (A): Over millions of years, the Indian vfHkdFku (A)% djksM+ksa o"kks± esa bafM;u IysV viuh
plate has moved to the south from its earlier position. iwoZfLFkfr ls nf{k.k dh vksj f•ld xbZ gSA
Reason (R): It happened primarily through the dkj.k (R)% ,slk eq[;r% vartZfur ,oa cfgtZfur cyksa
interplay of the endogenic and exogenic forces and rFkk IysV ds {kSfrt lapj.k dh var% fØ;k ds ifj.kkeLo:i
lateral movements of the plates. gqvk gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
below:
dwV%
Codes:
(a) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct
O;k[;k gS
explanation of (A)
(b) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the
O;k[;k ugha gS
correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gS
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gS
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
91. India’s first ‘100 Octane Petrol’ was launched on 91. Hkkjr dk igyk ^100 vkWDVsu isVªksy* 1 fnlacj] 2020
December 1, 2020. Which of the following oil dks ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA fuEufyf•r esa ls fdl vkW;y
refineries has manufactured it? fjiQkbujh us bldk fuekZ.k fd;k gS\
(a) Jamnagar Refinery, Gujarat (a) tkeuxj fjiQkbujh] xqtjkr
(b) Kochi Refinery, Kerala (b) dksfPp fjiQkbujh] dsjy
(c) Mathura Refinery, Uttar Pradesh (c) eFkqjk fjiQkbujh] mÙkj çns'k
(d) Digboi Refinery, Assam (d) fMxcksbZ fjiQkbujh] vle

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92. Consider the following statements about the PM- 92. ih,e ok.kh (PM-WANI) ;kstuk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r
WANI scheme: dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
1. It aims to spread the reach of Radio to hitherto 1. bldk mn~ns'; ns'k ds vc rd vNwrs jgs {ks=kksa rd
untouched areas of the country. jsfM;ks dk çlkj djuk gSA
2. The Department of Telecom (DoT) is the nodal
2. nwjlapkj foHkkx (DoT) bl ;kstuk dh uksMy
agency for the scheme.
,tsalh gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) Only 1 is correct
(a) dsoy 1
(b) Only 2 is correct
(b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2
93. Which state government launched India and South
Asia’s first blockchain-enabled Peer to Peer (P2P) 93. fdl jkT; ljdkj us 17 fnlacj] 2020 dks Hkkjr vkSj
Trading of Rooftop Solar Power on 17 December nf{k.k ,f'k;k ds igys CykWdpsu&l{ke ih;j&Vw&ih;j
2020? (P2P) :iQVkWi lkSj ÅtkZ O;kikj dh 'kq#vkr dh\
(a) Maharashtra (b) Uttar Pradesh (a) egkjk"Vª (b) mÙkj çns'k
(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka (c) vkaèkz çns'k (d) dukZVd
94. India’s first Mega Leather Park will be set up in: 94. Hkkjr dk igyk ^esxk ysnj ikdZ* dgk¡ LFkkfir fd;k
(a) Ambur, Tamil Nadu tk,xk\
(b) Kolkata, West Bengal
(a) vacwj] rfeyukMq
(c) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
(b) dksydkrk] if'pe caxky
(d) Jalandhar, Punjab
(c) dkuiqj] mÙkj çns'k
95. With reference to the Green National Highways
(d) tkyaèkj] iatkc
Corridors Project, which of the following statement(s)
is/are correct? 95. gfjr jk"Vªh; jktekxZ xfy;kjk ifj;kstuk (GNHCP) ds
1. To implement the project, a $1000 million deal lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
was signed between the International Monetary 1. ifj;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k
Fund & the Government of India. vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj ds chp 1000 fefy;u MkWyj ds
2. The project will be implemented only in the le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s x, gSaA
states of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, and 2. ;g ifj;kstuk dsoy jktLFkku] fgekpy çns'k vkSj
Andhra Pradesh. vkaèkz çns'k jkT; esa dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA
Select the correct answer from the codes given uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;sA
below.
Codes: dwV%
(a) 1 only (a) dsoy 1
(b) 2 only (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2

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96. The Dover strait separates: 96. Mksoj tyMe:eè; i`Fkd~ djrk gS%
(a) Britain and France (a) izQk¡l vkSj fczVsu dks
(b) New Zealand and Australia (b) U;wthySaM vkSj vkWLVªsfy;k dks
(c) Russia and United States (c) :l vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dks
(d) Iran and Oman (d) bZjku vkSj vkseku dks
97. Which of the following is the largest freshwater lake
97. lrgh {ks=kiQy ds vkèkkj ij fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh
by surface area?
rkts ikuh dh lcls cM+h >hy gS\
(a) Lake Baikal (b) Lake Victoria
(a) cSdky >hy (b) foDVksfj;k >hy
(c) Lake Superior (d) Lake Malawi
(c) lqihfj;j >hy (d) eykoh >hy
98. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as
98. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa] ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) vkSj
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Man-made satellites are always nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
launched in the eastward direction from the Earth’s vfHkdFku (A)% ekuo fufeZr mixzg lnSo i`Foh dh lrg
surface. ls iwoZ fn'kk esa ykWUp fd;s tkrs gSaA
Reason (R): Earth rotates from west to east, so the dkj.k (R)% i`Foh if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj ?kwerh gS]
satellites attain the additional boost. blfy;s mixzgksa dks vfrfjDr cy feyrk gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
below. dwV%
Codes: (a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gS] ysfdu (R)] (A) dh
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct lgh O;k[;k gS
explanation of (A) (b) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gS] ysfdu (R)] (A) dh
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the lgh O;k[;k ugha gS
correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) lgh gS] ysfdu (R) xyr gS
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) xyr gS] ysfdu (R) lgh gS
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
99. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk O;olk; iape fØ;kdyki dk
99. Which of the following professions is a part of the
fgLlk gS\
Quinary sector?
(a) ljdkjh vfèkdkjh
(a) Government officials
(b) vLirky esa MkWDVj
(b) Doctor in Hospital
(c) fdlku
(c) Farmer
(d) Tourist guide (d) i;ZVd ekxZn'kZd

100. The Luni river originates near the city of: 100. ywuh unh ds mn~xe LFky dk fudVre LFkku gS%
(a) Hanumangarh (b) Sirohi (a) guqekux<+ (b) fljksgh
(c) Kota (d) Pushkar (c) dksVk (d) iq"dj
101. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats meet at: 101. if'peh ?kkV ,oa iwohZ ?kkV ij dgk¡ feyrs gSa\
(a) Palkonda Hills (b) Nallamala Hills (a) ikydksaMk igkM+h (b) uYykekyk igkM+h
(c) Shevaroy Hills (d) Nilgiri Hills (c) 'ksojkW; igkM+h (d) uhyfxjh igkM+h

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102. Which among the following are the most eastern 102. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu mÙkj çns'k ds lcls iwohZ ,oa lcls
and most western districts of Uttar Pradesh if'peh f”kys gSa\
respectively? (a) nsofj;k ,oa lgkjuiqj
(a) Deoria and Saharanpur
(b) eÅ ,oa vkxjk
(b) Mau and Agra
(c) lksuHkæ ,oa xkft;kckn
(c) Sonbhadra and Ghaziabad
(d) cfy;k ,oa 'kkeyh
(d) Ballia and Shamli
103. mÙkj çns'k ds fuEufyf•r f”kyksa esa ls fdl f”kys dh
103. Which of the following districts of Uttar Pradesh
does NOT share its border with Nepal? lhek usiky ds lkFk ugha yxrh gS\
(a) Pilibhit (b) Maharajganj (a) ihyhHkhr (b) egkjktxat
(c) Sitapur (d) Balrampur (c) lhrkiqj (d) cyjkeiqj
104. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly 104. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
matched? (unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk,¡) (unh)
(River Valley Project) (River) (a) ck.klkxj ifj;kstuk & lksu
(a) Bansagar Project – Son (b) Hkæk ifj;kstuk & fpukc
(b) Bhadra Project – Chenab (c) nqxkZ cSjkt ifj;kstuk & nkeksnj
(c) Durga Barrage Project – Damodar
(d) dkdjkikj ifj;kstuk & rkIrh
(d) Kakrapar Project – Tapti
105. fuEufyf•r Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa dh jktèkkfu;ksa dks iwoZ ls if'pe
105. Arrange the following capitals of Indian states from
dh vksj O;ofLFkr dhft;s vkSj uhps fn;s x, dwV ls lgh
east to west direction and select the correct answer
from the codes given below:
mÙkj dk p;u dhft;s %
I. Hyderabad II. Aizawl I. gSnjkckn II. vkbtksy
III. Bhopal IV. Imphal III. Hkksiky IV. bEiQky
Codes:
dwV%
(a) IV, II, I, III (b) III, IV, I, II (a) IV, II, I, III (b) III, IV, I, II
(c) II, IV, III, I (d) IV, I, II, III (c) II, IV, III, I (d) IV, I, II, III
106. Who was given the prestigious International King 106. o"kZ 2020 ds fy;s çfrf"Br varjkZ"Vªh; jktk Hkwfecksy fo'o
Bhumibol World Soil Day Award for 2020? e`nk fnol iqjLdkj fdls fn;k x;k Fkk\
(a) World Wide Fund for Nature (a) oYMZ okbZM iQaM iQkWj uspj
(b) Global Environment Facility (b) oSf'od i;kZoj.k lqfoèkk
(c) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(c) Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn
(d) Greenpeace International
(d) xzhuihl baVjus'kuy
107. Consider the following statements about SPARC
Project: 107. LikdZ (SPARC) ifj;kstuk ds lacaèk esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
1. It is launched by the Ministry of Education.
ij fopkj dhft;s%
2. Under the project, IISc (Bengaluru) has 1. bls f'k{kk ea=kky; }kjk ykWUp fd;k x;k gSA
developed a ‘Damaru’ inspired lattice, which 2. ifj;kstuk ds rgr IISc (csaxyq#) us ^Me:* vkdkj
shows a tremendous application in vibration ls çsfjr tkyd fodflr fd;k gS tks okbczs'ku
isolation. vkblksys'ku esa o`gr vuqç;ksx n'kkZrk gSA
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 Which of statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) Only 1 is correct (a) dsoy 1
(b) Only 2 is correct (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
(d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
108. What is the rank of India in the Climate Change
Performance Index 2021? 108. tyok;q ifjorZu çn'kZu lwpdkad] 2021 esa Hkkjr dh jSad
(a) 3rd (b) 10th D;k gS\
(c) 21st (d) 57th (a) 3oha (b) 10oha
109. With reference to the SANKALP Programme, which (c) 21oha (d) 57oha
of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 109. ladYi (SANKALP) dk;ZØe ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r
1. It is a program of the Ministry of Minority dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
Affairs.
1. ;g vYila[;d dk;Z ea=kky; dk dk;ZØe gSA
2. Under it, a special Recognition of Prior
2. blds rgr tkSuiqj vkSj egkjktxat esa Jfedksa ds
Learning (RPL) program for workers, in
Jaunpur and Maharajganj was conducted. fy;s fo'ks"k iwoZ&vfèkxe dh ekU;rk (RPL) dk;ZØe
dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
below. uhps fn;s x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Codes: (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
110. Hkkjr dh fdl jkT; ljdkj us nkanwiqj jsyo LVs'ku dk
110. Which state government in India has renamed the uke cnydj ¶ek¡ ckjkgh nsoh èkke¸ dj fn;k gS\
Dandupur Railway Station as “Maa Barahi Devi
(a) mÙkj çns'k (b) jktLFkku
Dham”?
(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Rajasthan (c) eè; çns'k (d) >kj•aM
(c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Jharkhand 111. leqæ ds ty dh yo.krk ds ÅèokZèkj forj.k esa ,d
111. In the vertical distribution of salinity of ocean water, Li"V {ks=k gS tgk¡ leqæ ds ty dh yo.krk rhozrk ls
there is a distinct zone where salinity of ocean water c<+rh gSA bls dgk tkrk gS%
increases sharply. It is known as: (a) FkekZsDykbZu
(a) Thermocline (b) gSyksDykbZu
(b) Halocline
(c) leo"kkZ js•k
(c) Isohyet
(d) lerki&js•k
(d) Isobar
112. Hkkjrh; egklkxj dh lcls xgjk xrZ gS%
112. The deepest trench of Indian ocean is:
(a) Java Trench (a) tkok •kbZ
(b) Molloy Deep (b) eksYyks; Mhi
(c) South Sandwich Trench (c) nf{k.k lSaMfop xrZ
(d) Mariana Trench (d) esfj;kuk xrZ
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113. With reference to the Layers of Atmosphere, 113. ok;qeaMy dh ijrksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij
consider the following statements: fopkj dhft;s%
1. The temperature decreases continuously as we 1. {kksHkeaMy ls cfge±My dh vksj c<+us ij] rkieku
move from the Troposphere to the Exosphere. yxkrkj ?kVrk tkrk gSA
2. Ozone layer is present in the Stratosphere.
2. vks”kksu ijr lerkieaMy esa fLFkr gksrh gSA
3. Troposphere is the only layer which has the
3. {kksHkeaMy ,dek=k ijr gS ftlesa cknyksa dh mifLFkfr
earth’s clouds.
gksrh gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 only (b) 1 and 2 only
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only (a) dsoy 2 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) 1, 2 vkSj 3 (d) dsoy 1 vkSj 3
114. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). 114. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa] ,d dks vfHkdFku (A) vkSj
Assertion (A): Most of the heat of the atmosphere nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
is received indirectly from the sun and directly from vfHkdFku (A)% ok;qeaMy dh vfèkdka'k Å"ek vçR;{k
the earth’s surface. :i ls lw;Z ls vkSj çR;{k :i esa i`Foh dh lrg ls çkIr
Reason (R): It is at the earth’s surface that the gksrh gSA
conversion from short-wave solar radiation to long- dkj.k (R)% i`Foh dh lrg ij y?kq&rjax lkSj fofdj.k
wave terrestrial energy takes place.
ls nh?kZ rjax LFkyh; ÅtkZ esa :ikarj.k gksrk gSA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
below:
Codes:
dwV%
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct (a) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gS] ysfdu (R) (A) dh
explanation of (A) lgh O;k[;k gS
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the (b) (A) vkSj (R) nksuksa lgh gS] ysfdu (R) (A) dh
correct explanation of (A) lgh O;k[;k ugha gS
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (c) (a) lgh gS] ysfdu (R) xyr gS
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true (d) (a) xyr gS] ysfdu (R) lgh gS
115. Markha Valley is located in: 115. e•kZ ?kkVh fLFkr gS\
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Ladakh (a) fgekpy çns'k eas (b) yn~nk• eas
(c) Sikkim (d) Lakshadweep (c) flfDde esa (d) y{k}hi esa
116. Niti Pass connects which of the following?
116. uhfr njkZ fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls tksM+rk gS\
(a) Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir
(a) fgekpy çns'k ,oa tEew&d'ehj
(b) Uttarakhand and Nepal
(b) mÙkjk•aM ,oa usiky
(c) Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
(c) tEew&d'ehj ,oa yn~nk•
(d) Uttarakhand and Tibet
(d) mÙkjk•aM ,oa frCcr
117. How many districts of Uttar Pradesh are included
in the National Capital Region? 117. jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k esa mÙkj çns'k ds fdrus f”kys lfEefyr gS\a
(a) 4 (b) 6 (a) 4 (b) 6
(c) 8 (d) 10 (c) 8 (d) 10

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118. Which of the following is NOT a west-flowing river?
(a) Sabarmati (b) Mahi
(c) Luni (d) Rushikulya
119. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I List-II
(Forest) (Region)
A. Alpine 1. Uttarakhand ({ks=k)
B. Tropical Evergreen 2. Sundarbans A. vYikbu 1. mÙkjk•aM
C. Coniferous 3. Arunachal Pradesh B. m".kdfVcaèkh; lnkcgkj 2. lqanjou
D. Mangrove 4. Sahyadris
C. 'kadqèkkjh 3. v#.kkpy çns'k
Codes:
D. eSaxzkso 4. lg;kfæ
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3 dwV%
(b) 3 4 1 2 A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(c) 2 4 3 1
(b) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 1 2 3
(c) 2 4 3 1
120. Consider the following Hills of India and arrange (d) 4 1 2 3
them from East to west: 120. Hkkjr dh fuEufyf•r igkfM+;ksa ij fopkj dhft;s vkSj
1. Mahadeo Hills 2. Rajmahal Hills mUgsa iwoZ ls if'pe dh vksj O;ofLFkr dhft;s%
3. Satmala Hills 4. Garhjat Hills 1. egknso igkfM+;k¡ 2. jktegy igkfM+;k¡
Select the correct answer from the codes given 3. lrekyk igkfM+;k¡ 4. x<+tkr igkfM+;k¡
below.
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk iz;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Codes:
(a) 1, 4, 3 vkSj 2 (b) 2, 4, 1 vkSj 3
(a) 1, 4, 3 and 2 (b) 2, 4, 1 and 3
(c) 3, 2, 1 vkSj 4 (d) 4, 3, 2 vkSj 1
(c) 3, 2, 1 and 4 (d) 4, 3, 2 and 1
121. gky gh esa Hkkjr ds fdl jkT; us fo'o Hkj esa Fkk: tutkfr
121. Which state government in India recently embarked
upon a scheme to take the unique culture of its ethnic
dh vuwBh laLÑfr ds fy;s ,d ;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA
Tharu tribe across the world? (a) gfj;k.kk (b) jktLFkku
(a) Haryana (b) Rajasthan (c) mÙkj çns'k (d) vksfM'kk
(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Odisha 122. vkbZ-,u-,l- flaèkqohj ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r ij fopkj
122. Consider the following about INS Sindhuvir: dhft;s%
1. It was recently inducted into the Indian Navy. 1. gky gh esa bls Hkkjrh; ukSlus k esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA
2. It is gifted by Russia to India as a gesture of 2. ;g :l }kjk Hkkjr dks fe=krk ds ,d ladsr ds :i
friendship. esa migkj Lo:i fn;k x;k gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2

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123. According to the US Air Quality Index 2020, which 123. ;w,l ,;j DokfyVh baMsDl] 2020 ds vuqlkj fo'o ds
city was ranked as the world’s most polluted city? dkSu&ls 'kgj dks lcls çnwf"kr 'kgj ds :i esa jSad nh
(a) New Delhi (b) Kathmandu xbZ Fkh\
(c) New York (d) Lahore (a) ubZ fnYyh (b) dkBekaMw
124. Consider the following about India Water Impact (c) U;w;kWdZ (d) ykgkSj
Summit 2020: 124. Hkkjr ty çHkko f'k•j lEesyu 2020 (IWIS 2020) ds
1. It was organised by the Ministry of Earth lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft;s%
Sciences. 1. bldk vk;kstu i`Foh foKku ea=kky; }kjk fd;k
2. The objective of IWIS 2020 was Comprehensive x;k FkkA
Analysis and Holistic Management of Rivers 2. IWIS 2020 dk mn~ns'; ufn;ksa vkSj ty fudk;ksa
and Water Bodies. dk O;kid fo'ys"k.k rFkk lexz çcaèku FkkA
3. It was the 3rd edition of the summit.
3. ;g f'k•j lEesyu dk rhljk laLdj.k FkkA
4. The theme of the event was “comprehensive
4. bl vk;kstu dk eq[; fo"k; Fkk&¶vFkZ xaxk & unh
analysis and holistic management of local
laj{k.k lefUor fodkl ij è;ku dsafær djus ds
rivers and water bodies with focus on Arth
lkFk LFkkuh; ufn;ksa vkSj ty fudk;ksa dk O;kid
Ganga - river conservation synchronised
fo'ys"k.k vkSj lexz çcaèkuA¸
development”.
mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 1, 3 vkSj 4
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) dsoy 2 vkSj 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
125. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdls oSf'od f'k{kd iqjLdkj] 2020
125. Who of the following was awarded the Global
Teacher Prize 2020?
ls lEekfur fd;k x;k Fkk\
(a) Ranjitsinh Disale (b) Olasunkanmi Opeifa (a) j.kthr flag fnlkys (b) vksylqadUeh vksihiQk
(c) Carlo Mazzone (d) Yun Jeong-hyun (c) dkykZs estksu (d) ;wa tksax&áwu

126. The Continental Drift Theory was given by: 126. egk}hih; foLFkkiu fl¼kar fn;k x;k Fkk%
(a) Abraham Ortelius (b) Antonio Pellegrini (a) vczkge vkWVZsfy;l }kjk (b) ,aVksfu;ks iSysfxzuh }kjk
(c) Alfred Wegner (d) James Hutton (c) vYÚsM osxuj }kjk (d) tsEl gVu }kjk

127. Which of the following countries is NOT a part of 127. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ns'k fyfFk;e f=kdks.k dk fgLlk
the Lithium Triangle countries? ugha gS\
(a) Chile (b) Bolivia (a) fpyh (b) cksyhfo;k
(c) Peru (d) Argentina (c) is: (d) vtZsaVhuk
128. Which of the following is NOT a river in Africa? 128. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh unh vÚhdk esa ugha gS\
(a) Congo (b) Senegal (a) dkaxks (b) lsusxy
(c) Gambia (d) Cameroon (c) xkfEc;k (d) dSe:u
129. The longest river in Europe, the Volga, discharges 129. ;wjksi dh lcls yach unh oksYxk vius ty dk fuoZgu
its water into: djrh gS%
(a) Caspian Sea (b) Black Sea (a) dSfLi;u lkxj eas (b) dkyk lkxj eas
(c) Mediterranean Sea (d) North Sea (c) Hkweè;&lkxj eas (d) mÙkjh lkxj eas

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130. Which of the following glaciers is NOT located in 130. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk fgeun mÙkjk•aM esa fLFkr
Uttarakhand? ugha gS\
(a) Hispar Glacier (b) Milam Glacier
(a) fgLij fgeun (b) feyke fgeun
(c) Namik Glacier (d) Bandarpunch Glacier
(c) ukfed fgeun (d) canjiw¡N fgeun
131. Which among the following coastal states has the
shortest coastline? 131. fuEufyf•r rVh; jkT;ksa esa ls fdldh rVjs•k lcls
(a) Gujrat (b) Karnataka NksVh gS\
(c) Goa (d) West Bengal (a) xqtjkr (b) dukZVd
132. The Wildlife Protection Act was launched in the (c) xksok (d) if'pe caxky
year:
132. oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e ykxw fd;k x;k Fkk%
(a) 1971 (b) 1972
(c) 1973 (d) 1974 (a) o"kZ 1971 esa (b) o"kZ 1972 esa
(c) o"kZ 1973 esa (d) o"kZ 1974 esa
133. Consider the following tributaries of River Ganga
and arrange them from west to east: 133. xaxk unh dh fuEufyf•r lgk;d ufn;ksa ij fopkj dhft;s
1. Yamuna 2. Gandak vkSj mUgsa if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj O;ofLFkr dhft;s%
3. Kosi 4. Ramganga 1. ;equk 2. xaMd
Select the correct answer from the codes given 3. dkslh 4. jkexaxk
below:
Codes: uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3, 1 and 4 (a) 1, 2, 3 vkSj 4 (b) 2, 3, 1 vkSj 4
(c) 1, 4, 2 and 3 (d) 4, 1, 3 and 2 (c) 1, 4, 2 vkSj 3 (d) 4, 1, 3 vkSj 2
134. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly 134. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
matched?
(Revolution) (Product)
(Økafr;k¡) (mRikn)
(a) Yellow Revolution – Egg Production (a) ihyh Økafr & vaMk mRiknu
(b) Grey Revolution – Fertilizer Production (b) èkwlj Økafr & moZjd mRiknu
(c) Silver Fiber Revolution– Cotton Production (c) jtr js'kk Økafr & dikl mRiknu
(d) Round Revolution – Potato Production (d) xksy Økafr & vkyw mRiknu
135. With reference to Sustainable Development, which
135. lrr~ fodkl ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@
of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
1. The notion of sustainable development emerged
ls lgh gS@gSa\
in the late 1960s in Western World. 1. if'peh nqfu;k esa 1960 ds n'kd ds var esa lrr~
2. The Brundtland Report is related to Sustainable fodkl dh èkkj.kk mHkjhA
Development. 2. cVZySaM fjiksVZ lrr~ fodkl ls lacafèkr gSA
3. There are 18 Sustainable Development Goals. 3. lrr~ fodkl y{;ksa dh la[;k 18 gSaA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
below:
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 3
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only (c) dsoy 2 vkSj 3 (d) 1, 2 vkSj 3

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 27 27
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136. Who among the following has become the quickest 136. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu 22,000 ju iwjs djus okyk lcls
batsman to complete 22,000 runs? rst cYysckt cu x;k gS\
(a) Chris Gayle (b) Rohit Sharma (a) fØl xsy (b) jksfgr 'kekZ
(c) Joe Root (d) Virat Kohli (c) tks :V (d) fojkV dksgyh
137. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly 137. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
matched?
(iqLrd) (ys•d)
(Book) (Author)
(a) 40 ;lZ fon vCnq y MkW- ,- f'koFkkuq
(a) 40 Years with Abdul Dr. A.Sivathanu
Kalam-Untold Stories Pillai
dye&vuVksYM LVksjh fiYybZ
(b) èkeZ% fMdksfMax n ,fid veh'k f=kikBh
(b) Dharma: Decoding the Amish Tripathi
Epics for A Meaningful iQkWj , ehfuaxiQqy ykbZiQ
Life (c) lq=kosnukafp lw=k&,d lquhy xkaxqyh
(c) Sutranivednachi sutra- Sunil Ganguly vaco
ek anbav (d) vksg fe”kksje ih-,l- Jhèkju
(d) Oh Mizoram P.S. Sreedharan fiYybZ
Pillai
138. Hkkjr ljdkj vkS j U;w Ms o yies a V cS a d (NDB) us
138. The Government of India and the New Development COVID-19 ds dkj.k fcxM+h Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr
Bank (NDB) signed a loan agreement for ‘supporting
dks lqèkkjus ds fy;s ,d ½.k le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;sA
India’s economic recovery from COVID-19’. What
½.k jkf'k D;k gS\
is the loan amount?
(a) 1 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj
(a) $1 million
(b) 10 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj
(b) $10 million
(c) $100 million (c) 100 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj

(d) $1,000 million (d) 1,000 fefy;u vesfjdh MkWyj

139. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct 139. lwph&I dks lwph&II ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft;s vkSj uhps
answer using the codes given below the lists. fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%
List-I List-II lwph&I lwph&II
(Person) (Profession) (O;fDr) (dk;Z{ks=k)
A. Valery Giscard d’Estaing 1. Poet A. okysjh fxLdkMZ Mh&,LVsax 1. dfo
B. Dineshwar Sharma 2. Bureaucrat B. fnus'oj 'kekZ 2. ukSdj'kkg
C. Sripati Khanchanale 3. Politician C. Jhifr •kupkuy 3. jktusrk
D. Shamsur Rahman Faruqi 4. Wrestler
D. 'kElqjZgeku iQk#dh 4. igyoku
Codes:

dwV%
A B C D
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4 (a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 1 3 4 2 (b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 2 4 3 1 (c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 3 2 4 1 (d) 3 2 4 1

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 28 28
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140. With reference to the height of ‘Mt. Everest’, which 140. ^ekmaV ,ojsLV* dh Å¡pkbZ ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
of the following statements is NOT correct? esa ls dkSu&lk lgh ugha gS\
(a) As per a recent survey, its height has increased (a) gkfy;k loZs{k.k ds vuqlkj bldh Å¡pkbZ esa 84 CM
by 84 cm. dh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
(b) The survey was jointly conducted by Nepal and (b) ;g loZs{k.k usiky vkSj phu }kjk la;qDr :i ls fd;k
China. x;k FkkA
(c) In the Tibetan language, Mount Everest is (c) frCcrh Hkk"kk esa ekmaV ,ojsLV dks ekmaV pkseksyaxek
known as Mount Qomolangma while in the ds uke ls tcfd usikyh Hkk"kk esa bls lkxj&ekFkk
Nepalese language it is known as Sagar-Matha. ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
(d) According to the measurement done in 1954, (d) o"kZ 1954 esa fd;s x, eki ds vuqlkj ekmaV ,ojsLV
the height of Mount Everest is 8,848 meters. dh Å¡pkbZ 8,848 ehVj gSA
141. Which of the following seaport forms part of the
141. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk leqæh iksVZ Lost ugj dk fgLlk
Suez Canal in the Mediterranean sea?
Hkweè; lkxj ij fLFkr gS\
(a) Alexandria Port (b) Port Said
(a) vysDtsafMª;k iksVZ (b) iksVZ lbZn
(c) Damietta Port (d) Port of Haifa
(c) Msfe,V~Vk iksVZ (d) gkbiQk dk iksVZ
142. The great barrier reef is located in:
142. xzsV cSfj;j jhiQ fLFkr gS%
(a) Arafura Sea (b) Timor Sea
(a) vjkiQqjk lkxj esa (b) freksj lkxj esa
(c) Tasman Sea (d) Coral Sea
(c) rLeku lkxj eas (d) dksjy lkxj eas
143. Which of the following surfaces has the lowest
143. fuEufyf•r esa ls fdldh lrg ij ,fYcMks lcls de
albedo?
gksrk gS\
(a) Snow
(a) fgeikr
(b) Sand
(b) jsr
(c) Tundra
(c) VqaMªk
(d) Ocean
(d) lkxj
144. Which of the following minor tectonic plates lies
between Central America and Pacific Ocean? 144. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lh NksVh foorZfud IysV eè;orhZ
(a) Cocos Plate vesfjdk vkSj ç'kkar egklkxj ds chp fLFkr gS\
(b) Nazca Plate (a) dksdksl IysV
(c) Caroline Plate (b) utdk IysV
(d) Fuji Plate (c) dSjksfyu IysV
(d) Ý;wth IysV
145. Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly
matched? 145. fuEufyf•r esa ls dkSu&lk ;qXe lgh lqesfyr ugha gS\
(Grassland) (Location) (?kklHkwfe) (LFkku)
(a) Mark – Himachal Pradesh (a) ekdZ & fgekpy çns'k
(b) Bugyal – Uttarakhand (b) cqX;ky & mÙkjk•aM
(c) Ukhrul – Manipur (c) m•:y & ef.kiqj
(d) Saramati – Nagaland (d) ljkerh & ukxkySaM
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 29 29
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146. Arrange the following mountain ranges from south 146. fuEufyf•r ioZr Jsf.k;ksa dks nf{k.k ls mÙkj dh vksj
to north direction and Select the correct answer from O;ofLFkr dhft;s vkSj uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj
the codes given below: lgh mÙkj pqfu;s%%
I. Zanskar Range
I. tkLdj ioZrJs.kh
II. Karakoram Range
II. dkjkdksje ioZrJs.kh
III. Shiwalik Range
III. f'kokfyd ioZrJs.kh
IV. Dhauladhar Range
IV. èkkSykèkkj ioZrJs.kh
Codes:
dwV%
(a) I, II, III, IV
(b) III, I, IV, II (a) I, II, III, IV

(c) II, III, I, IV (b) III, I, IV, II

(d) III, IV, I, II (c) II, III, I, IV

147. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as (d) III, IV, I, II
Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R). 147. uhps nks dFku fn;s x, gSa ftuesa ,d dks vfHkdFku (A)
Assertion (A): Geologists believe that the mighty vkSj nwljs dks dkj.k (R) ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k x;k gS%
river Shiwalik or Indo-Brahma traversed the entire vfHkdFku (A)% HkwoSKkfud ekurs gSa fd ,d fo'kky unh
longitudinal extent of the Himalayas.
f'kokfyd ;k baMks&czã&fgeky; ds laiw.kZ vuqnSè;Z foLrkj
Reason (R): Over a period of time, Shiwalik river
ds lkFk cgrh FkhA
dismembered due to the Pleistocene upheaval in the
dkj.k (R)% dkykarj esa if'peh fgeky; esa IyhLVksflu
western Himalayas.
Select the correct answer from the codes given
dky esa vk, mFky&iqFky ds dkj.k f'kokfyd unh dk
below: foHkktu gks x;kA
Codes: uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct (a) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
explanation of (A) O;k[;k gS
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the (b) nksuksa (A) rFkk (R) lR; gSa vkSj (R)] (A) dh lgh
correct explanation of (A) O;k[;k ugha gS
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false (c) (A) lR; gS] fdarq (R) vlR; gS
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true
(d) (A) vlR; gS] fdarq (R) lR; gS
148. How many administrative divisions are there in Uttar
148. mÙkj çns'k esa fdrus ç'kklfud laHkkx gSa\
Pradesh?
(a) 17
(a) 17
(b) 18
(b) 18
(c) 19 (c) 19

(d) 20 (d) 20

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 30 30
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149. With reference to the cropping season in India, which 149. Hkkjr esa iQly ds ekSle ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa
of the following statement(s) is/are correct? esa dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
1. The Kharif season begins with the onset of 1. •jhiQ dk ekSle vDrwcj&uoacj esa 'khr ½rq dh
winter in October-November and ends in 'kq#vkr ds lkFk 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj ekpZ&vçSy esa
March-April. lekIr gksrk gSA
2. Wheat, Gram, and Rapeseeds are examples of 2. xsgw¡] puk vkSj jsilhM~l jch iQlyksa ds mnkgj.k gSaA
Rabi crops.
uhps fn;s x, dwV dk ç;ksx dj lgh mÙkj pqfu;sA
Select the correct answer from the codes given
dwV%
below.
(a) dsoy 1
Codes:
(a) 1 only (b) dsoy 2

(b) 2 only (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa

(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) u rks 1vkSj u gh 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 150. Hkkjr esa •futksa ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r ij fopkj dhft;s%
150. Consider the following about minerals in India: 1. vfèkdka'k èkkfRod •fut çk;}hih; iBkjh {ks=k esa
1. Most of the metallic minerals occur in the ik, tkrs gSaA
peninsular plateau region. 2. Hkkjr] ,f'k;k esa ykSg v;Ld dk lcls cM+k HkaMkj
2. India has the largest reserve of iron ore in Asia. LFky gSA
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? mi;ZqDr dFkuksa esa ls dkSu&lk@ls lgh gS@gSa\
(a) 1 only (a) dsoy 1
(b) 2 only (b) dsoy 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 (c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) u rks 1 vkSj u gh 2

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, Plot No. 45& 45A, Harsh Tower-2, 31 31
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 1. (b) 3. (a)

O;k[;k% çèkkuea=kh us jk"Vªh; ekxZ&19 ds •aM gafM;k (ç;kxjkt) O;k[;k% yksdlHkk vè;{k Jh vkse fcjyk us Jh mRiy dqekj flag
ls jktk rkykc (okjk.klh) rd dh Ng ysu okyh lM+d dks yksdlHkk vkSj yksdlHkk lfpoky; dk egklfpo fu;qDr
ifj;kstuk dks jk"Vª dks lefiZr fd;kA vr% fodYi (b) fd;kA mudh ;g fu;qfDr 1 fnlacj] 2020 ls çHkkoh gksxhA
lgh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
‰ jk"Vªh; jktekxZ&19 dk pkSM+k fd;k x;k Ng ysu okyk ;g ‰ os Lusgyrk JhokLro dk LFkku ysaxsA
jktekxZ 73 fdyksehVj dk gS vkSj bl ij 2447 djksM+ #i, ‰ Jh flag mÙkjk•aM dSMj ds 1986 cSp ds vkbZ-,-,l-
dh ykxr vkbZ gSA bl lM+d ls ç;kxjkt vkSj okjk.klh ds vfèkdkjh gSa vkSj mUgsa dSfcusV lfpo ds in rFkk jSad esa
chp ;k=kk le; esa ,d ?kaVs dh deh vk,xhA yksdlHkk dk egklfpo fu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA
‰ ç;kxjkt vkSj okjk.klh ds chp mUur jktekxZ] HkDrksa vkSj
4. (d)
i;ZVdksa dks lgwfy;r çnku djsxk rFkk blds vykok {ks=k esa
fodkl dks c<+kok feysxkA O;k[;k% yqbZl gSfeYVu (eflZMht&xzsV fczVsu) us cgjhu baVjus'kuy
2. (b) lfdZV] cgjhu esa 2020 cgjhu xzSaM fçDl thrk gSA vr%
fodYi (d) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% i=kdkj&ys•d jkt dey >k dks muds miU;kl ¶n flVh
‰ ;g jsl 2020 iQkWeZwyk ou (F1) oYMZ pSafi;uf'ki dh 15oha
,aM n lh¸ (The City and The Sea) ds fy;s rhljs johaæukFk
jsl FkhA gSfeYVu dh ;g bl lhtu dh 11oha thr vkSj muds
VSxksj lkfgR; iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA COVID-19
thou dh 95oha F1 thr gSA
egkekjh ds dkj.k 5000 MkWyj ds bl iqjLdkj dh vkWuykbu
‰ bl thr ds lkFk gh gSfeYVu us iQkWeZwyk ou bfrgkl esa
?kks"k.kk dksisugsxu] MsuekdZ esa dh xbZA
‰ ofj"B oSKkfud gsear dqekj ikaMs dks yksdfç; nok yqdksfLdu
lcls vfèkd thr (95) ntZ djus dh miyfCèk çkIr dj
(Y;wdksMekZ ds mipkj ds fy;s) lfgr fofHkUu gcZy yh gSA
(tM+h&cwVh ls cus) nokvksa ds fodkl ds fy;s DRDO ds ‰ jsM cqy jsflax Vhe ds lkFkh eSDl osjLVSisu (uhnjySaM~l)
^lkbafVLV vkWiQ n bZ;j 2020* iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k vkSj vysDtsaMj ,Ycksu (FkkbZySaM) Øe'k% nwljs vkSj rhljs
x;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA LFkku ij jgsA
‰ la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr }kjk 21 fnlacj] 2020 dks 5. (a)
çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh dks n yhtu vkWiQ esfjV (fMxzh% phiQ
O;k[;k% flaxkiqj esa LVªhV iQwM dh gkWdj laLÑfr (Hawker Culture)
dekaMj) ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA Jh eksnh dks ;g lEeku
dks ;wusLdks }kjk vius çfrf"Br ^ekuork dh vewrZ lkaLÑfrd
oSf'od 'kfDr ds :i esa Hkkjr ds mHkkj esa n`<+ usr`Ro vkSj
nwjn`f"V çnku djus rFkk Hkkjr&vesfjdk j.kuhfrd lk>snkjh dks fojklr çfrfufèk lwph* (Representative List of the
Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity) esa 'kkfey fd;k
vkxs c<+kus vkSj oSf'od 'kkafr ,oa le`f¼ dks c<+kok nsus esa
muds vuqdj.kh; ;ksxnku ds fy;s çnku fd;k x;kA vesfjdk x;k gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
ds jk"Vªifr }kjk ;g iqjLdkj vkerkSj ij fofHkUu jk"Vªkè;{kksa ‰ ;g vc ml lwph dk vax cu x;k gS ftlesa Hkkjr dk ^;ksx*

vkSj çeq•ksa dks çnku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g lEeku vkWLVªsfy;k (Yoga)] teSdk dk jsxs laxhr (Reggae Music)] fiQuySaM
ds çèkkuea=kh LdkWV ekWfjlu vkSj tkiku ds iwoZ çèkkuea=kh dh lkWuk laLÑfr (Sauna Culture) vkSj rqdhZ dh yqIrçk;
f'katks vcs dks Hkh çnku fd;k x;k FkkA lhVh Hkk"kk (Whistled Language) 'kkfey gSaA
‰ jsyos cksMZ ds vè;{k vkSj eq[; dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh fouksn ‰ gkWdj laLÑfr ,d cgqlkaLÑfrd 'kgjh okrkoj.k esa lM+d ij
dqekj ;kno dks çfrf"Br ^,feusaV baftfu;j vokMZ*] 2020 Hkkstu idkus vkSj ijkslus (Street Dining and Culinary
(Eminent Engineer Award) ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ;g Practices) dh ,d yksdfç; flaxkiqjh 'kSyh gSA vr% dFku
iqjLdkj baLVhV~;w'ku vkWiQ bathfu;fjax ,aM VsDuksykWth (IET) 2 lgh ugha gSA
}kjk Hkkjrh; jsyos ds vkèkqfudhdj.k vkSj lqèkkjksa esa muds ‰ gkWdj dsaæ çkÑfrd :i ls •qys {ks=k esa phuh] ey;] Hkkjrh;
mRÑ"V ;ksxnku ds fy;s çnku fd;k x;kA vkfn fofHkUu laLÑfr;ksa ds •k|&inkFkks± dh fcØh djrs gSaA
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 ‰ flaxkiqj ds gkWdlZ fofHkUu çdkj ds O;atuksa dks idkus esa egkjr ‰ bl çdkj] vfèkdsaæ ls 103°-105° vkSj 143°-150° ds chp
j•rs gSa] ftUgsa os lkeqnkf;d Hkkstu x`gksa esa ijkslrs gSa tgk¡ lHkh ds {ks=k dks Nk;k {ks=k ds :i esa fpfÉr fd;k x;k gSA vr%
{ks=kksa ds yksx bdV~Bk gksrs gSa vkSj vius vuwBs vuqHkoksa dks lk>k dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
djrs gSaA ‰ 103°-105° ls ijs iwjs {ks=k esa S&rjaxsa ugha igq¡prhA S&rjaxksa
‰ gsfjVst osclkbV ds vuqlkj] bl thoar LVªhV iQwM dYpj dk dk Nk;k {ks=k P&rjaxksa ds Nk;k {ks=k ls vfèkd foLr`r gSA
bfrgkl 1800 ds n'kd dk gS tc flaxkiqj dk fczfV'k lkezkT; P&rjaxksa dk Nk;k {ks=k Hkwdai vfèkdsaæ ls 103°-105° vkSj
ds ,d egÙoiw.kZ O;kikfjd dsaæ ds :i esa mHkkj gqvkA phu] 143°-150° ds chp i`Foh ds pkjksa vksj ,d iV~Vh (Band)
Hkkjr] ey; }hilewg] tSls& fofHkUu HkwHkkxksa ds vçoklh bl ds :i esa foLr`r çrhr gksrk gSA
O;Lr canjxkg 'kgj }kjk çLrqr jks”kxkj voljksa ds ykHk ds
fy;s ;gk¡ vk, vkSj le; ds lkFk LVªhV iQwM dh bl laLÑfr
dks tUe fn;kA
6. (b)

O;k[;k% lkSj eaMy ds xzgksa esa ls 'kfu (Saturn) ds çkÑfrd mixzgksa

dh la[;k lcls vfèkd gSA 'kfu ds dqy 82 paæ (Moon) gSa
vkSj 79 çkÑfrd mixzgksa ds lkFk nwljs LFkku ij c`gLifr
(Jupiter) gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
7. (a)
8. (d)
O;k[;k% HkwxfHkZd rjaxsa nks çdkj dh gksrh gSa%
1. P&rjaxsa% P&rjaxksa ds daiu dh fn'kk rjaxksa dh fn'kk ds
O;k[;k% leqæ&ry ls Åij fo'o dh lcls yach ioZr&ekyk ,aMht
lekukarj gh gksrh gSA ;g lapj.k dh fn'kk esa gh inkFkZ ij (Andes Range) gS tks yxHkx 7,000 fdeh- yach gSA vr%
ncko Mkyrh gSA fodYi (d) lgh gSA
a. P&rjaxsa rhoz xfr ls pyus okyh rjaxsa gSa vkSj èkjkry ij
lcls igys igq¡prh gSaA bUgsa ^çkFkfed rjaxsa* Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA
b. P&rjaxsa èofu rjaxksa ds leku gSaA os xSl] rjy vkSj
Bksl&rhuksa çdkj ds inkFkks± ds ekè;e ls xqtj ldrh gSaA
vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
2. S&rjaxsa% S&rjaxsa mèokZèkj ry esa rjaxksa dh fn'kk ds ledks.k
ij daiu mRiUu djrh gSaA vr% os ftl inkFkZ ls xqtjrh
gSa] mlesa mHkkj vkSj xrZ cukrh gSaA S&rjaxs de ?kuRo ;k
xSlh; ekè;e okys inkFkks± ls ugha xqtj ldrh] gkyk¡fd os
mPp ?kuRo okys rjy inkFkks± ls xqtj ldrh gSaA
Nk;k {ks=k dk mn~Hko
‰ dqN ,sls fof'k"V {ks=k ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ rjax ntZ ugha gksrsA ,sls
{ks=k Nk;k {ks=k (Shadow Zone) dgs tkrs gSaA
‰ ;g ns•k x;k gS fd vfèkdsaæ (Epicenter) ls 103°-105°
ds Hkhrj fdlh Hkh nwjh ij fLFkr flLeksxkz iQ P vkSj S&rjaxks&a nksuksa
ds vkxeu dks ntZ djrk gSA
‰ ysfdu vfèkdsaæ ls 143°-150° ls ijs fLFkr flLeksxzkiQ P&rjaxksa
ds vkxeu dks rks ntZ djrk gS ysfdu S&rjaxksa dks ntZ ugha
djrkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 3 3
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 9. (c) 11. (c)

O;k[;k% fdEcjys iBkj (Kimberley Plateau) mÙkjh&if'peh O;k[;k% fLFkfr ,oa lfØ; Hkw&vkÑfrd çfØ;kvksa ds vkèkkj ij
vkWLVªsfy;k esa gS] tks dVs&N¡Vs mÙkj&if'pe fgan egklkxj rV rVh; eSnkuksa dks nks esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS%
ls fiQRtjkW; unh (Fitzroy River) ds nf{k.k vkSj vkWMZ unh I. if'peh rVh; eSnku
(Ord River) ds iwoZ rd foLr`r gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA II. iwohZ rVh; eSnku
10. (c) if'peh rVh; eSnku%
‰ ;g vjc lkxj ,oa if'peh ?kkV ds eè; 50 fdeh- dh pkSM+kbZ
O;k[;k%
ds lkFk rVh; eSnkuksa dh ,d ladh.kZ iV~Vh gSA
‰ if'peh rVh; eSnku tyeXu rVh; eSnkuksa dk ,d mnkgj.k gSaA
;g mÙkj esa xqtjkr rV ls ysdj nf{k.k esa dsjy rV rd iQSyk
gqvk gSA
‰ if'peh rV eSnku dks fuEufyf•r Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk
ldrk gS& xqtjkr dk dPN ,oa dkfB;kokM+ rV] egkjk"Vª dk
dksad.k rV vkSj xksok] dukZVd rFkk dsjy ds Øe'k% ekykckj
rVA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
‰ if'peh rVh; eSnku eè; esa ladh.kZ gSa ,oa mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k
esa pkSM+s gks tkrs gSaA
‰ bl rVh; eSnku ls gksdj cgus okyh ufn;k¡ MsYVk dk fuekZ.k
ugha djrh gSaA
‰ ekykckj rV dh fo'ks"k LFkykÑfr ^d;ky* (Backwaters)
ftls eNyh idM+us vkSj var%LFkyh; ukSdk;u ds fy;s ç;ksx
fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g i;ZVdksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k vkd"kZ.k dk
dsaæ gSA
‰ dsjy esa çfro"kZ çfl¼ ^usg: VªkWiQh oykedkyh* (ukSdk
nkSM+) dk vk;kstu ^iqUukenk d;ky* esa fd;k tkrk gSA
‰ Hkkjr ,d fo'kky ns'k gS tks iwjh rjg ls mÙkjh xksyk¼Z esa iwohZ rVh; eSnku%
fLFkr gSA ‰ ;g caxky dh •kM+h ,oa iwohZ ?kkV ds eè; 100-130 fdeh-
‰ Hkkjr ds Hkw&Hkkx dh yackbZ mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd 3214 fdyksehVj dh pkSM+kbZ ds lkFk rVh; eSnku dh ,d iV~Vh gSA
rFkk iwoZ ls if'pe rd 2933 fdyksehVj gSA vr% fodYi ‰ if'peh rVh; eSnku dh rqyuk esa iwohZ rVh; eSnku pkSM+k gS
(c) lgh gSA vkSj mHkjs gq, rV gSaA
‰ Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr i`Foh ds mÙkjh iwohZ xksyk¼Z esa 8°4' ‰ iwoZ dh vksj cgus okyh vkSj caxky dh •kM+h esa fxjus okyh
ls 37°6' mÙkjh v{kka'k rFkk 68°7' ls 97°25 iwohZ ns'kkarj blds ufn;k¡ ;gk¡ yacs&pkSM+sa MsYVk cukrh gSaA
yxHkx eè; ls gksdj xqtjrh gSA ‰ bls nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS%
‰ Hkkjr dh v{kka'kh; vkSj ns'kkarjh; lhek dh x.kuk djus ij] I. mÙkjh o`Ùk% egkunh ,oa Ñ".kk unh ds eè; dk mÙkjh
os yxHkx 30° gSaA HkkxA blds vfrfjDr vksfM'kk ds rVh; ekxZ dks mRdy
‰ Hkkjr dh {ks=kh; lhek vkxs leqæ ls 12 leqæh ehy (yxHkx eSnku dgk tkrk gSA
21.9 fdeh-) rd iQSyh gqbZ gSA II. dksjkseaMy rV (vFkok i;ku ?kkV)% ;s vkaèkz çns'k ds
‰ Hkkjr dh nf{k.kh lhek caxky dh •kM+h esa 6°45'N v{kka'k Ñ".kk MsYVk ls rfeyukMq ds dsi dkseksfju (dU;kdqekjh)
rd iQSyh gqbZ gSA rd iQSyk gqvk gSA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 4 4
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Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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 12. (b) 13. (d)

O;k[;k% Hkkjr ds }hi lewg% Hkkjr esa nks çeq• }hi lewg gSa& ,d O;k[;k% LoPNan m|ksx (Footloose Industries) O;kid :i ls
caxky dh •kM+h esa rFkk nwljk vjc lkxj esaA fofoèk LFkkuksa esa fLFkr gks ldrs gSaA vr% vfHkdFku (A)
caxky dh •kM+h }hi lewg% lgh ugha gSA
‰ caxky dh •kM+h ds }hi lewg esa yxHkx 572 }hi gSaA ‰ os fdlh fof'k"V dPps eky&osV&yqftax eky ;k vU; dksbZ&ij
‰ ;s }hi 6° mÙkj ls 14° mÙkj vkSj 92° iwoZ ls 94° iwoZ ds fuHkZj ugha gksrsA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
eè; fLFkr gSaA ‰ os eq[;r% m|ksx ds la?kVd Hkkxksa (Component Parts) ij

‰ jhph }hi lewg ,oa ycjhUFk }hi] ;gk¡ ds nks çeq• }hi fuHkZj djrs gSa tks dgha ls Hkh çkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
lewg gSaA ‰ os de ek=kk esa mRiknu djrs gSa vkSj ,d NksVs Je cy dk
‰ caxky dh •kM+h ds }hiksa dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS& gh fu;kstu djrs gSaA
mÙkj esa vaMeku rFkk nf{k.k esa fudksckjA ‰ os vkerkSj ij xSj&çnw"k.kdkjh m|ksx gksrs gSaA
‰ bUgsa nl&fMxzh pSuy uked ,d ty fudk; }kjk vyx fd;k ‰ mudh vofLFkfr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ ?kVd lM+d usVodZ dh
tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA vfHkxE;rk gksrh gSA
‰ ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ;s }hi lewg leqæ esa tyeXu ioZrksa dk ‰ ghjk] daI;wVj fpIl] vkSj eksckby fuekZ.k iQwVywl m|ksxksa ds
fgLlk gSA gkyk¡fd dqN NksVs }hiksa dh mRifÙk Tokykeq•h ls gh dqN mnkgj.k gSaA
tqM+h gSA
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
‰ cSju vkbZySaM uked Hkkjr dk ,dek=k thoar Tokykeq•h
14. (d)
Hkh fudksckj }hi lewg esa fLFkr gSA
‰ vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg esa dqN egÙoiw.kZ ioZr pksfV;ksa O;k[;k% o"kZ 1965 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us vkuqoaf'kd&foKkuh
esa lSMy pksVh (mÙkjh vaMeku& 738 ehVj)] ekmaV fM;ksoksyh (Geneticist) ,e-,l- LokehukFku dh enn ls gfjr Økafr
(eè; vaMeku& 515 ehVj)] ekmaV dks;ksc (nf{k.k vaMeku& dh 'kq#vkr dh] ftUgsa vc Hkkjr esa gfjr Økafr ds tud ds
460 ehVj) ,oa ekmaV FkqbZYyj (xzsV fudksckj & 642 ehVj) :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
'kkfey gSA ‰ Hkkjr esa gfjr Økafr O;kid :i ls liQy jgh vkSj blus ns'k
‰ rVh; js•k ij dqN çoky fu{ksi ,oa lqanj leqæ rV gSaA bu dks ,d •k|&vHkko okyh vFkZO;oLFkk ls fo'o ds vxz.kh
}hiksa ij laokguh; o"kkZ gksrh gS ,oa ;gk¡ fo"kqorh; çdkj dh Ñf"k jk"Vªksa esa :ikarfjr dj fn;kA ;g Økafr o"kZ 1967 esa 'kq:
tyok;q ikbZ tkrh gSA gqbZ vkSj o"kZ 1978 rd pyhA
vjc lkxjh; }hi lewg% ‰ ukWeZu vuZsLV cksjykWx (Norman Ernest Borlaug) dks fo'o

‰ vjc lkxj ds }hiksa esa y{knhi ,oa fefudkW; 'kkfey gSaA ;s esa gfjr Økafr ds tud ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA mUgsa Hkq•ejh
}hi 8° mÙkj ls 12° mÙkj vkSj 71° iwoZ ls 74° iwoZ ds eè; dh dxkj ls ,d fcfy;u vkcknh dh j{kk djus ds :i esa
fc•js gq, gSaA lekt ds çfr muds ;ksxnku ds fy;s o"kZ 1970 esa ^ukscsy
‰ ;s dsjy rV ls 280 fdyksehVj ls 480 fdyksehVj nwj fLFkr gSA 'kkafr iqjLdkj* çnku fd;k x;kA mudk tUe la;qDr jkT;
‰ laiw.kZ }hi lewg çoky fu{ksi ls cuk gSA
vesfjdk esa gqvk FkkA
‰ ;gk¡ yxHkx 36 }hi gSa vkSj buesa ls 11 ij ekuo vkokl gSA 15. (c)
‰ fefudkW; lcls cM+k }hi gS ftldk {ks=kiQy 453 oxZ fdeh- gSA O;k[;k% fuEufyf•r rkfydk esa dqN çeq• •srh vH;klksa vkSj lacafèkr
‰ iwjk }hi lewg 10 fMxzh pSuy }kjk nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS] {ks=kksa dk mYys• fd;k x;k gSA
mÙkj esa vehuh }hi rFkk nf{k.k esa dukuksjs }hiA
•srh vH;kl {ks=k
‰ bl }hi lewg ij rwiQku fufeZr iqfyu gSa ftl ij vc¼
,ihdYpj (Apiculture) eèkqeD•h ikyu
xqfVdk,¡] f'kafxy xksyf'edk,¡ rFkk xksyk'e iwohZ leqæ rV ik,
tkrs gSaA ÝyksjhdYpj (Floriculture) iQwyksa dh •srh

641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 5 5
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 filhdYpj (Pisciculture) eNyh ikyu O;kikj ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª lEesyu (UNCTAD)%
‰ ;g o"kZ 1964 esa la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk }kjk LFkkfir ,d LFkk;h
foVhdYpj (Viticulture) vaxwj dh •srh
oehZdYpj (Vermiculture) dsapqvksa dh •srh varj&ljdkjh fudk; gSA bldk eq[;ky; ftusok] fLoV~”kjySaM
ikseksykWth (Pomology) iQyksa dh •srh esa gSA
vksysjhdYpj (Olericulture) lCth dh •srh ‰ bldk xBu eq[; rkSj ij oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk esa fodkl'khy

gkWfVZdYpj (Horticulture) m|ku la o ¼Z u vkS j çca è ku ns'kksa ds fodkl&vuqdwy ,dhdj.k dks c<+kok nsus gsrq fd;k
(ckxokuh) x;k FkkA
,jksiksfuDl (Aeroponics) e`nk ;k leqPp; ekè;e ds ‰ ;g ,d dsaæh; ,tsalh gS tks fuos'k lao¼Zu laLFkkvksa (IPAs)
mi;ksx ds fcuk ok;q ;k èkqaèk ds çn'kZu dh fuxjkuh djrh gS vkSj oSf'od Lrj ij lokZsÙke
okrkoj.k esa ikSèks mxkuk çFkkvksa dks ekU;rk çnku djrh gSA
gkbMªksiksfuDl (Hydroponics) e`nk ds fcuk ikSèks mxkuk (;gk¡ 17. (b)
ty ds foyk;d esa •fut iks"kd
rRoksa ds foys; dk mi;ksx fd;k O;k[;k%
tkrk gS) frfFk egÙoiw.kZ fnol
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA 1 fnlacj fo'o ,M~l fnol
16. (b) 2 fnlacj jk"Vªh; çnw"k.k fu;a=k.k fnol
2 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; nklrk mUewyu fnol
O;k[;k% gky gh esa O;kikj ,oa fodkl ij la;qDr jk"Vª lEesyu
3 fnlacj fo'o fnO;kaxrk fnol
(UNCTAD) us bUosLV bafM;k dks la;qDr jk"Vª fuos'k lao¼Zu
4 fnlacj Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk fnol
iqjLdkj 2020 dk fotsrk ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA vr% dFku (b)
5 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; Lo;alsod fnol
lgh gSA
5 fnlacj fo'o e`nk fnol
‰ ;g iqjLdkj fo'o dh fuos'k lao¼Zu laLFkkvksa (IPAs) dh
mRÑ"V miyfCèk;ksa dks js•kafdr djrk gS vkSj mUgsa ekU;rk çnku 7 fnlacj l'kL=k lsuk >aMk fnol
djrk gSA 7 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; ukxfjd mîó;u fnol
‰ ;g ewY;kadu 180 fuos'k lao¼Zu ,tsafl;ksa }kjk fd;s x, dk;Z
9 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; Hkz"Vkpkj fujksèkd fnol
ds UNCTAD ds ewY;kadu ij vkèkkfjr FkkA 10 fnlacj ekuo vfèkdkj fnol
11 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; ioZr fnol
bUosLV bafM;k%
14 fnlacj jk"Vªh; ÅtkZ laj{k.k fnol
‰ ;g Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; fuos'k lao¼Zu laLFkk gS] tks fd Hkkjr esa
15 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; pk; fnol
fuos'k ds bPNqd fuos'kdksa ds fy;s ns'k esa fuos'k djuk vkSj
16 fnlacj fot; fnol
vfèkd lqfoèkktud cukrh gSA
18 fnlacj Hkkjr esa vYila[;d vfèkdkj fnol
‰ bldk xBu o"kZ 2009 esa m|ksx ,oa vkarfjd O;kikj lao¼Zu
19 fnlacj xksok eqfDr fnol
foHkkx (DPIIT) ds vèkhu ,d xSj&ykHkdkjh miØe ds :i
20 fnlacj varjkZ"Vªh; ekuo ,drk fnol
esa fd;k x;k FkkA
22 fnlacj jk"Vªh; xf.kr fnol
‰ iqjLdkj dh ?kks"k.kk djrs gq, UNCTAD us vius çdk'ku esa
23 fnlacj jk"Vªh; fdlku fnol (fdlku fnol)
bUosLV bafM;k dh csgrjhu xfrfofèk;ksa tSls fd fctusl bE;qfuVh
24 fnlacj jk"Vªh; miHkksDrk vfèkdkj fnol
IysViQkWeZ] ,DlDywflo bUosLVesaV iQksje osfcukj fljht] lks'ky
ehfM;k ij lfØ;rk vkSj dksfoM egkekjh ls fuiVus ds fy;s 25 fnlacj fØlel
xfBr lewgksa (tSls fd O;kikj iqufuZekZ.k] LVSdgksYMj vkmVjhp 25 fnlacj lq'kklu fnol (Hkkjr)
vkSj lIyk;j vkmVjhp vkfn) dks js•kafdr fd;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 6 6
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 18. (b) ‰ nksuksa jk"Vªksa ds chp 50 lky ds jktuf;d lacaèkksa dks fpfÉr
djrs gq, bl le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s x, FksA
O;k[;k%
‰ bl le>kSrs ds rgr] 100 ckaXykns'kh mRiknksa dks HkwVku esa M~;wVh
Úh igq¡p feysxh] tcfd HkwVku dh 34 oLrqvksa dks ckaXykns'k
esa M~;wVh Úh igq¡p feysxhA
‰ ckaXykns'k esa 7.56 fefy;u fu;kZr vkSj 42.09 fefy;u vk;kr
ds lkFk nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp O;kikj dh ek=kk yxHkx 50 fefy;u
MkWyj gSA
‰ ckaXykns'k dks vxys o"kZ twu rd baMksusf'k;k vkSj usiky tSls
ns'kksa ds lkFk 11 vkSj PTA rFkk eqDr O;kikj le>kSrs (FTA)
‰ çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh us mÙkj çns'k esa eky ifjogu ds fy;s ij gLrk{kj djus dh mEehn gSA
cuk;s x;s bZLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚsV dkWfjMksj (EDFC) ds U;w ‰ o"kZ 1971 esa ckaXykns'k ds xBu ds ckn mls lcls igys ekU;rk
Hkkmiqj&U;w •qtkZ •aM dks jk"Vª dks lefiZr fd;kA vr% nsus okyk ns'k HkwVku gh FkkA mlds ckn Hkkjr us ckaXykns'k dks
fodYi (b) lgh gSA Lora=k ns'k ds :i esa ekU;rk çnku dh FkhA
‰ dqy 351 fdyksehVj yacs bl •aM ds fuekZ.k ij 5,750 djksM+ vfèkekU; O;kikj O;oLFkk (Preferential Trade Arrangement)%
#i, dh ykxr vkbZ gSA bl xfy;kjs dk ”;knkrj fgLlk mÙkj ‰ fo'o O;kikj laxBu esa* vfèkekU; O;kikj O;oLFkk* ,drjiQk
çns'k ls gksdj xqtjrk gSA çnku dh tkus okyh O;kikj çkFkfedrk,¡ gSaA muesa ^lkekU;hÑr
‰ blds cuus ls dkuiqj&fnYyh eq[; jsy ekxZ ij ;k=kh xkfM+;ksa vfèkekuh ç.kkyh* (Generalized System of Preferences)
dh vkoktkgh rsth ls gks ldsxhA (ftlds rgr fodflr ns'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls vk;kr dks
‰ mÙkj çns'k jkT; ds Ñf"k mRikn vc ns'k ds vU; fgLlksa esa
çkFkfedrk nsrs gSa)] lkFk gh vU; xSj&ikjLifjd vfèkekU;
vklkuh vkSj rhozrk ls igq¡p ldsaxsA ;kstukvksa dks ^fo'o O;kikj laxBu* dh ^lkekU; ifj"kn* }kjk
NwV çnku dh xbZ gSA
‰ ;g u;k •aM vyhx<+] •qtkZ] fiQjkstkckn] vkxjk vkSj
HkkÅiqj ds ekStwnk vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa dks ml {ks=k ds çeq• fodkl 20. (a)
dsaæ cuus esa enn djsxkA O;k[;k% çèkkuea=kh Jh ujsaæ eksnh dh vè;{krk esa dsaæh; eaf=keaMy
‰ ;g ,sls jkT; dh fu;kZr {kerk dks c<+k,xk tks fd ,d Hkw&vkc¼ us 30 fnlacj] 2020 dks ,LVksfu;k] iSjkXos vkSj Mksfefudu
{ks=k gS vkSj blesa dksbZ canjxkg ugha gSA x.kjkT; esa o"kZ 2021 esa 3 Hkkjrh; fe'kuksa dks 'kq: djus
‰ çèkkuea=kh us mÙkj çns'k ds ç;kxjkt esa bZLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚsV eatwjh nhA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
dkWfjMksj ds vkWijs'ku daVªksy lsaVj dk Hkh mn~?kkVu fd;kA ‰ bu ns'kksa esa Hkkjrh; fe'kuksa dh 'kq#vkr* ls Hkkjr ds dwVuhfrd

‰ ;g EDFC ds iwjs :V dh yackbZ ds fy;s dekaM lsaVj ds :i infpÉ dk foLrkj djus] jktuhfrd lacaèkksa dks xgjk djus]
esa dk;Z djsxkA f}i{kh; O;kikj] fuos'k vkSj vkfFkZd tqM+koksa dks c<+kus esa enn
‰ vkWijs'ku daVªksy lsaVj vR;kèkqfud lqfoèkkvksa ls ySl gS tks
feysxhA
Lons'kh :i ls fM”kkbu fd;s x, gSaA ‰ bu ns'kksa esa rhu Hkkjrh; fe'ku •ksyus ls Hkkjr dk jktuf;d
nk;jk c<+kus] jktuhfrd lacaèkksa dks xgjk djus] f}i{kh; O;kikj]
19. (c)
fuos'k vkSj vkfFkZd tqM+ko esa fodkl dks l{ke djus] yksxksa ls
O;k[;k% ckaXykns'k us HkwVku ds lkFk vius igys ^vfèkekU; O;kikj yksxksa ds e”kcwr laidks± dks dk;e djus] cgqi{kh; eapksa esa
O;oLFkk* (Preferential Trade Agreement– PTA) ij gLrk{kj jktuhfrd igqap dks c<+kok nsus vkSj Hkkjr ds fons'k uhfr
fd;s gSa tks nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp ,d lhek rd eky dh M~;wVh&Úh mn~ns';ksa ds fy;s leFkZu tqVkus esa enn feysxhA
igq¡p dks l{ke cuk,xkA ckaXykns'k dk fo'o ds fdlh Hkh ns'k ‰ bldk ^vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr* ds gekjs y{; ds vuq:i ?kjsyw mRiknu
ds lkFk ;g çFke PTA gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA vkSj jks”kxkj dks c<+kus esa lhèkk vlj gksxkA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 7 7
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 21. (a) 25. (d)

O;k[;k% ?kklHkwfe;ksa dks fo'o ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa vyx&vyx ukeksa O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; tyekxZ vfèkfu;e o"kZ 2016 esa ykxw gqvkA blus
ls tkuk tkrk gSA 106 vfrfjDr jk"Vªh; tyekxZ çLrkfor fd;s vkSj 5 ekStwnk
1. eè; ,f'k;k esa ^LVsih* (Steppes)_ vr% ;qXe 1 lgh NW dk foy; dj fn;k] ftUgsa 5 jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ?kksf"kr fd;k
lqesfyr gSA x;kA ifj.kkeLo:i] IWAI }kjk 106 u, tyekxks± dh igpku
2. mÙkjh vesfjdk esa ^çs;jht* (Prairies)_ dh xbZ vkSj MoS dks lwfpr fd;k x;kA
3. nf{k.k vesfjdk esa ^iEikl* (Pampas)] ^ykukst* (Llanos) ‰ 111 esa ls] jk"Vªh; tyekxZ jk"Vªh; tyekxZ vfèkfu;e] 2016
vkSj ^lsjkMks* (Cerrados)_ vr% ;qXe 2 lgh lqesfyr ds rgr ?kksf"kr fd;s x,] 13 f'kfiax vkSj usfoxs'ku ds fy;s
ugha gSA ifjpkyu dj jgs gSa vkSj dkxkZs@;k=kh tgkt mu ij vkxs c<+
4. vÚhdk esa ^lokuk* (Savannahs) vkSj ^osYM* (Velds)_
jgs gSaA
vr% ;qXe 3 lgh lqesfyr ugha gSA
5. vkWLVªsfy;k esa ^Mkmal* (Downs) vkSj ^jsatySaM*
(Rangelands)A vr% ;qXe 4 lgh lqesfyr gSA

‰ jk"Vª h ; tyekxZ & 1% xa x k&HkkxhjFkh&gq x yh unh ( 1620

22. (a) fdyksehVj) ds bykgkckn&gfYn;k •aM dks o"kZ 1986 esa mÙkj
O;k[;k% ^xzSaM bfFk;ksfi;u jsuslka MSe* (Grand Ethiopian çns'k] fcgkj] >kj•aM vkSj if'pe caxky jkT;ksa esa jk"Vªh;
Renaissance Dam) ] ftls igys ^feys f u;e MS e * tyekxZ (NW) ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
(Millennium Dam) ds :i esa tkuk tkrk Fkk vkSj dHkh&dHkh ‰ jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&2% o"kZ 1988 esa èkqcjh ls lfn;k rd 891
^fgMkls MSe* (Hidase Dam) Hkh iqdkjk tkrk gS] bfFk;ksfi;k fdeh- rd dks jk"Vªh; tyekxZ la[;k&2 ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
esa Cyw uhy unh ij cuk ,d xq#Ro ck¡èk gSA vr% fodYi ‰ jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&3% m|ksx eaMy vkSj paidkjk ugj (205
(a) lgh gSA Km) ds lkFk if'peh leqærV ugj (dksV~Vkiqje ls dksYye)
ds chp fLFkr gSA bls o"kZ 1993 esa dsjy dk NW ?kksf"kr
23. (b)
fd;k x;k FkkA
O;k[;k% ^vksmeqvkeqvk* (Oumuamua) igyk Kkr varjrkjdh; ‰ jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&4% xksnkojh vkSj Ñ".kk unh ls yxk
fiaM ;k baVjLVsyj vkWCtsDV gS ftls lkSj ç.kkyh ls xqtjrs dkdhunk&iqMqpsjh ugj (1078 fdyks ehVj) dks 2008 esa vkaèkz
gq, ns•k x;kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA çns'k] rfeyukMq vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'k iqMqpsjh jkT;ksa esa jk"Vªh;
24. (b) jktekxZ ds :i esa ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
‰ jk"Vªh; tyekxZ&5% rkypsj&èkkejk •aM] iwohZ rV ugj dk
O;k[;k% mfYyf•r egklkxjh; èkkjkvksa esa ls% tksadgkyh&pkjcfr;k •aM] erkbZ unh dk pkjcfr;k&èkkejk vkSj
1. BaMh èkkjk,¡ gSa% vks;kf'k;ks vkSj ySczkMksj egkunh MsYVk ufn;k¡ (588 fdyksehVj) dks if'pe caxky rFkk
2. xeZ èkkjk,¡ gSa% vxqygkl vkSj D;wjksf'k;ks mM+hlk jkT;ksa esa o"kZ 2008 esa jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ?kksf"kr fd;k x;kA
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
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 26. (a) ‰ 'kgjh okfudh% ;g xzhu csYV] ikdZ] lM+d ekxZ] vkS|ksfxd
vkSj okf.kfT;d xzhu csYV] vkfn tSls 'kgjh dsaæksa ds vklikl
O;k[;k% var% m".kdfVcaèkh; vfHklj.k {ks=k (ITCZ)% rFkk lkoZtfud ,oa futh LokfeRo okyh Hkwfe ij o`{kkjksi.k o
çcaèku ls lacafèkr gSA
‰ xzkeh.k okfudh% ;g Ñf"k&okfudh vkSj lkeqnkf;d&okfudh
ds lao¼Zu ij tksj nsrk gSA
1) Ñf"k&okfudh esa ,d gh Hkwfe ij vif'k"V Hkwfe•aM lfgr
Ñf"k iQlyksa ds vkSj o`{kksa dk lao¼Zu djuk 'kkfey gSA ;g
Ñf"k ds lkFk okfudh dks tksMr+ k gS] bl çdkj] Hkkstu] pkjk]
b±èku] ydM+h vkSj iQy ds ,d lkFk mRiknu esa ifjorZu djrk gSA
2) lkeqnkf;d okfudh esa lkoZtfud ;k lkeqnkf;d Hkwfe tSl& s
xk¡o ds pjkxkg vkSj eafnj dh Hkwfe] lM+d ds fdukjs] ugj
cSda ] jsyos ykbu ds lkFk fLVªIl] vkSj Ldwy] vkfn ij
o`{kkjksi.k 'kkfey gSA bldk mn~n's ; leqnk; dks lexz :i
‰ fo"kqor o`Ùk ij fLFkr var% m".kdfVcaèkh; vfHklj.k {ks=k ,d ls ykHk çnku djuk gSA ;g ,d ,slk lkèku çnku djrk
fuEu nkc okyk {ks=k gSA bl {ks=k esa O;kikfjd iousa vkdj gS ftlds rgr Hkwfeghu oxZ ds yksx Lo;a dks o`{kkjksi.k
feyrh gSaA esa 'kkfey dj ldrs gSa vkSj bl çdkj] mu ykHkksa dks çkIr
‰ ;g fuEu nkc okyk {ks=k gS vr% bl {ks=k esa ok;q Åij mBus dj ldrs gSa tks vU;Fkk Hkwfe ekfydksa ds fy;s çfrcafèkr gSAa
yxrh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA ‰ iQkeZ okfudh% ;g ml çfØ;k ij ykxw fd;k tkus okyk 'kCn
‰ tqykbZ ekg esa ITCZ, 20° ls 25° mÙkjh v{kka'kksa ds vkl&ikl
gS ftlds rgr fdlku vius •srksa ij okf.kfT;d vkSj
xaxk ds eSnkuksa esa fLFkr gks tkrk gSA bls dHkh&dHkh ekulwuh xSj&okf.kfT;d mn~ns';ksa ds fy;s o`{kkjksi.k djrs gSaA fofHkUu
xrZ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA jkT;ksa ds ou foHkkx NksVs vkSj eè;e fdlkuksa dks eqÝr esa
‰ ;g ekulwu xrZ mÙkj vkSj mÙkj if'pe Hkkjr esa rkih; fuEu
vadqfjr ikSèks forfjr djrs gSaA Ñf"k gkf'k;k {ks=k] Ñf"k Hkwfe]
ok;qnkc ds fodkl dks çksRlkfgr djrk gSA ?kkl ds eSnku] pkjkxkg] ?kjksa ds vkl&ikl dh Hkwfe vkSj vkslkjk
;k NIij tSlh Hkwfe dk mi;ksx xSj&okf.kfT;d Ñf"k okfudh
‰ ITCZ ds mÙkj dh vksj f•ldus ds dkj.k nf{k.kh xksyk¼Z dh
ds rgr o`{kkjksi.k ds fy;s fd;k tk ldrk gSA
O;kikfjd iousa 40° vkSj 60° iwohZ ns'kkarjksa ds chp fo"kqor
o`Ùk dks ikj dj tkrh gSaA dksfj;ksfyl cy ds çHkko ls fo"kqor 28. (d)
o`Ùk dks ikj djus okyh bu O;kikfjd iouksa dh fn'kk nf{k.k& O;k[;k% nf{k.k Hkkjr esa xzh"e ½rq%
if'pe ls mÙkj&iwoZ dh vksj gks tkrh gSA ;gh nf{k.k&if'pe ‰ nf{k.k Hkkjr esa xzh"e ½rq e`nq gksrh gS rFkk mÙkjh Hkkjr tSlh
ekulwu gSA ç•j ugha gksrhA vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh ugha gSA
‰ 'khr ½rq esa] ITCZ nf{k.k dh vksj c<+rk gS vkSj blfy;s ‰ nf{k.kh Hkkjr dh çk;}hih; fLFkfr leqæ ds ledkjh çHkko ds
mÙkj&iwoZ ls nf{k.k vkSj nf{k.k&if'pe dh vksj gokvksa dk dkj.k ;gk¡ ds rkieku dks mÙkjh Hkkjr esa çpfyr rkiekuksa ls
myViQsj gksrk gSA ;gh mÙkj&iwoZ ekulwu gSA uhps j•rh gSA vr% nf{k.k esa rkieku 26 ls 32° lsfYl;l
27. (c) ds chp cuk jgrk gSA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
‰ if'peh ?kkV dh igkfM+;ksa ds dqN {ks=kksa esa Å¡pkbZ ds dkj.k
O;k[;k% i;kZoj.k] lkekftd vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl esa enn djus ds
mn~ns'; ls catj Hkwfe ij ouksa dk çcaèku vkSj laj{k.k lkekftd rkieku 25° lsfYl;e ls de jgrk gSA
okfudh dgykrk gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA ‰ rVh; Hkkxksa esa lerki js•k,¡ rV ds lekukarj mÙkj&nf{k.k fn'kk
‰ jk"Vªh; Ñf"k vk;ksx (o"kZ 1976) us lkekftd okfudh dks rhu esa iQSyh gSa] tks çekf.kr djrh gSa fd rkieku mÙkjh Hkkjr ls
Jsf.k;ksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k gS nf{k.kh Hkkjr dh vksj u c<+dj rVksa ls Hkhrj dh vksj c<+rk gSA
I. 'kgjh okfudh ‰ xehZ ds eghuksa esa vkSlr U;wure nSfud rkieku Hkh dkiQh Å¡pk

II. xzkeh.k okfudh

jgrk gS vkSj ;g 26 lsfYl;l ls laHkor% gh dHkh uhps tkrk gksA
III. iQkeZ okfudh vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
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 29. (b) ‰ ddZ js•k fuEufyf•r 8 Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa (if'pe ls iwoZ) ls
gksdj xqtjrh gS% xqtjkr –> jktLFkku –> eè; çns'k –>
O;k[;k% fuEufyf•r rkfydk esa dksisu dh ;kstuk ds vuqlkj Hkkjr NÙkhlx<+ –> >kj•aM –> if'pe caxky –> f=kiqjk –>
ds tyok;q {ks=kksa dk mYys• fd;k x;k gS%
fe”kksjeA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
Øekad çrhd tyok;q ds çdkj {ks=k 31. (c)
'kq"d xzh"e ½rq ds nf{k.kh xksok Hkkjr dk
1 Amw O;k[;k% eè; çns'k esa Xokfy;j vkSj vksjNk ds ,sfrgkfld fdys
lkFk ekulwu if'pe rV
'kgjksa dks ;wusLdks us vius fo'o èkjksgj dk;ZØe ds rgr fo'o
'kq"d xehZ ds lkFk rfeyukMq dk
2 As fojklr 'kgjksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
ekulwu dksjkseaMy rV
‰ ;kstuk ds rgr] ;wusLdks ,sfrgkfld ;wusLdks 'kgjh ySaMLdsi
ddZ js•k ds
fliQkfj'kksa ds vuqlkj bu LFkkuksa ds fodkl vkSj lkSan;hZdj.k
3 Aw m".kdfVcaèkh; lokuk nf{k.k esa vfèkdka'k
ds fy;s lokZsÙke mik; vkSj lalkèku lq>k,xkA
çk;}hih; iBkj
‰ bl lekos'k ds lkFk] Hkkjr ds ;wusLdks fo'o fojklr 'kgjksa
mÙkj&if'peh xqtjkr]
v¼Z 'kq"d 'kq"d dh dqy la[;k c<+dj 40 gks xbZ gS ftlesa 32 lkaLÑfrd
4 Bshw if'peh jktLFkku ds
tyok;q LFky] 7 çkÑfrd LFky vkSj 1 fefJr LFky 'kkfey gSaA
dqN fgLls vkSj iatkc
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
5 Bwhw xeZ jsfxLrku lqnwj if'peh jktLFkku
‰ orZeku esa Hkkjr fo'o esa NBosa LFkku ij gSA
xaxk dk eSnku] iwohZ
'kq"d 'khr ½rq ds lkFk jktLFkku] mÙkjh eè; Xokfy;j%
6 Cwg
ekulwu çns'k] vfèkdka'k
mÙkj&iwoZ Hkkjr esa
de xehZ ds lkFk
7 Dfc v#.kkpy çns'k
gYdh mel Hkjh lnhZ
tEew vkS j d'ehj]
8 E èkzqoh; çdkj fgekpy çns'k vkSj
mÙkjk•aM
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA ‰ Xokfy;j dh LFkkiuk 9oha 'krkCnh esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj xqtZj çfrgkj
30. (c) jktoa'k] rksej] c?ksy dPNokgks vkSj flafèk;ksa }kjk 'kkflr FkhA
O;k[;k% ;g ,d cyqvk iRFkj ds iBkj ij fLFkr gS vkSj blesa Lekjd]
fdys rFkk egy gSaA
‰ çfl¼ LFkkuksa esa lw;Z eafnj] ty foykl iSysl] rkulsu dk
Lekjd] fr?kjk Mse] 15oha lnh ds xqtkjh egy iSysl 'kkfey gSaA
vksjNk%

‰ ddZ js•k (23.5°N) Hkkjr ds eè; ls xqtjrh gSA

‰ bl çdkj ns'k dk vkèkk Hkkx ddZ js•k ds nf{k.k esa
m".kdfVcaèkh; {ks=k esa fLFkr gS rFkk blds mÙkj esa fLFkr vU;
vkèkk Hkkx miks".kdfVcaèkh; {ks=k esa vkrk gSA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 10 10
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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 ‰ vksjNk dk vFkZ gS ^fNik gqvk egy*] tSlk fd blds uke ls 30 flracj] 2020 dh vofèk esa viuh ukSdjh NksM+ nh
irk pyrk gS fd ;g vius eafnjksa vkSj egyksa ds fy;s yksdfç; ,oa mls EPF ds nk;js esa vkus okys fdlh jks”kxkj çnkrk
gS vkSj 16oha 'krkCnh esa cqansyk lkezkT; dh jktèkkuh FkhA laLFkku esa 30 flracj] 2020 rd jks”kxkj ugha feyk gS]
‰ vksjNk dk HkO; ifjlj (Orchha Complex) rhu oxks±& tgk¡xhj og Hkh bl ;kstuk dk ykHk ysus ds fy;s ik=k gSA
egy (Jahangir Mahal)] jkt egy (Raj Mahal) vkSj 'kh'k VI. lnL;ksa ds vkèkkj la[;k ls tqMs+ •krs esa EPFO bysDVªkfW ud
egy (Sheesh Mahal) esa foHkkftr gSA jkt egy dHkh cqansy rjhds ls bl ;ksxnku dk Hkqxrku djsxkA
jktkvksa vkSj mudh jkfu;ksa dk çeq• fuokl LFkku gqvk djrk FkkA VII. bl ;kstuk ds fy;s EPFO ,d lkWÝVos;j dks fodflr
32. (b) djsxk vkSj ,d ikjn'khZ ,oa tokcnsg çfØ;k Hkh viukbZ
tk,xhA
O;k[;k% 9 fnlacj] 2020 dks çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh dh vè;{krk esa VIII. EPFO ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s ,d mi;qDr rjhdk
dsaæh; eaf=keaMy us vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr iSdst 3.0 ds rgr dksfoM viuk,xk fd ABRY vkSj EPFO }kjk ykxw dh xbZ
fjdojh pj.k esa vkSipkfjd {ks=k esa jks”kxkj dks c<+kok nsus vkSj fdlh vU; ;kstuk ds ykHk vkil esa ijLij O;kIr
u, jks”kxkj voljksa dks çksRlkfgr djus ds fy;s vkRefuHkZj (vksojySfiax) ugha gq, gSaA
Hkkjr jks”kxkj ;kstuk (ABRY) dks eatwjh çnku dhA vr% dFku 33. (b)
1 lgh ugha gSA
‰ eaf=keaMy us ekStwnk foÙkh; o"kZ ds fy;s 1,584 djksM+ #i, dh
O;k[;k% U;wthySaM us ¶tyok;q vkikrdky¸ dh ?kks"k.kk dh rFkk
èkujkf'k vkSj iwjh ;kstuk vofèk 2020&2023 ds fy;s 22,810 lkFk gh o"kZ 2025 rd vius lkoZtfud {ks=k dks dkcZu U;qVªy
cukus ?kks"k.kk dh gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
djksM+ #i, ds O;; dks vuqefr nh gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
‰ bl ?kks"k.kk ds ckn U;wthySaM mu 32 vU; ns'kksa esa 'kkfey gks
;kstuk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ bl çdkj gSa% x;k gS ftUgksaus tyok;q vkikrdky ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA bu ns'kksa
I. Hkkjr ljdkj 1 vDrwcj] 2020 dks ;k mlds ckn vkSj esa tkiku] dukMk] Úk¡l vkSj fczVsu 'kkfey gSaA
30 twu] 2021 rd 'kkfey lHkh u, deZpkfj;ksa dks nks ‰ ;g ?kks"k.kk tyok;q ifjorZu ij baVjxouZesaVy iSuy ij vkèkkfjr
o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s lfClMh çnku djsxhA vr% dFku Fkh] tks Xykscy okfe±x esa 1.5 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls vfèkd o`f¼
3 lgh gSA ls cpus ds fy;s] mRltZu dks o"kZ 2023 rd o"kZ 2010 ds
II. ftu jks”kxkj çnkrk laxBuksa esa 1000 deZpkjh gSa ogk¡ dsaæ Lrj ls yxHkx 45» de vkSj o"kZ 2050 rd 'kwU; rd djus
ljdkj nks o"kZ dh vofèk ds fy;s 12 çfr'kr deZpkjh dh vko';drk gksxhA
;ksxnku vkSj 12 çfr'kr fu;ksDrk ;ksxnku (nksuksa) osru ‰ U;wthySaM ds xzhugkml xSl mRltZu dk yxHkx vkèkk fgLlk
HkÙkksa dk 24 çfr'kr EPF esa ;ksxnku nsxhA eq[; :i ls ehFksu] Ñf"k ls mRiUu gksrk gSA
III. ftu jks”kxkj çnkrk laxBuksa esa 1000 ls vfèkd deZpkjh ‰ dks;yk ckW;yjksa dks cnyus vkSj bysfDVªd ;k gkbfczM okguksa
gSa ogk¡ dsaæ ljdkj u, deZpkfj;ksa ds lanHkZ esa nks o"kZ dks •jhnus esa enn djus ds fy;s dk;ZØe dks ,utsM 200
dh vofèk ds fy;s EPF esa dsoy 12 çfr'kr deZpkjh fefy;u (141 fefy;u) iQaM }kjk lefFkZr fd;k tk,xkA
;ksxnku nsxhA 34. (a)
IV. dksbZ deZpkjh ftldk ekfld osru 15,000 #i, ls de O;k[;k% Xykscy VsjfjTe baMsDl (GTI) 2020 ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dks
gS vkSj og fdlh ,sls laLFkku esa dke ugha dj jgk Fkk o"kZ 2019 esa oSf'od Lrj ij vkradokn ls lcls vfèkd
tks 1 vDrwcj] 2020 ls igys deZpkjh Hkfo"; fufèk çHkkfor ns'kksa dh lwph esa 8osa LFkku ij j•k x;k gSA Hkkjr dk
laxBu (EPFO) ls iathÑr Fkk vkSj mlds ikl bl GTI Ldksj 10 esa ls 7.353 jgkA Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2019 esa
vofèk ls igys ;wfuolZy ,dkmaV uacj ;k EPF lnL; vkradokn ds dkj.k 277 gR;k,¡] 439 ?kk;y vkSj 558 ?kVuk,¡
•krk uacj ugha Fkk] og bl ;kstuk ds fy;s ik=k gksxkA ntZ dh xb±A vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
V. dksbZ Hkh EPF lnL; ftlds ikl ;wfuolZy ,dkmaV uacj ‰ bl lwpdkad esa o"kZ 2019 esa nf{k.k ,f'k;k vkradokn ls lcls
gS vkSj mldk ekfld osru 15,000 #i, ls de gS rFkk vfèkd çHkkfor {ks=k jgk] ;gk¡ fdlh Hkh vU; {ks=k dh rqyuk
;fn mlus dksfoM egkekjh ds nkSjku 01 ekpZ] 2020 ls esa lcls vfèkd gR;k,¡ ntZ dh xbZa gSaA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 11 11
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 ‰ blds vykok] oSf'od Lrj ij vkradokn ds dkj.k gksus okyh 36. (c)
ekSrksa esa o"kZ 2018 dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2019 esa 15 çfr'kr dh O;k[;k% Vªkal&lkbcsfj;u jsyos
fxjkoV ds lkFk 13,286 ntZ dh xbZaA ‰ ;g :l dk çeq• jsy ekxZ gS tks if'pe esa ckfYVd lkxj
‰ Xykscy VsjfjTe baMsDl] vkradokn ls çHkkfor ns'kksa dk vkadyu rV ij lsaV ihVlZcxZ ls iwoZ esa ç'kkar egklkxj (tkiku lkxj)
djus ds fy;s baLVhV~;wV iQkWj bdksukWfeDl ,aM ihl (IEP) rV ij OykfnoksLrd rd ifjpkfyr gS vkSj ekxZ esa ekWLdks]
}kjk okf"kZd :i ls çdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gS] bldk eq[;ky; miQk] uksoksflfcLdZ] bjdqRLd] fprk vkSj •ckjksOLd ls gksdj
vkWLVªsfy;k ds flMuh esa fLFkr gSA xqtjrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
‰ ;g ,f'k;k dk lcls egÙoiw.kZ jsyekxZ gS vkSj fo'o dk lcls
vkradokn ls vR;fèkd çHkkfor ns'k%
‰ viQxkfuLrku 163 ns'kksa esa 9.592 ds Ldksj ds lfgr lcls
ya c k ( 9,332 fdyks e hVj) Mcy&Vª S d rFkk fo|q r hÑr
ikj&egk}hih; jsyos gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
vfèkd vkrad çHkkfor okys ns'k ds :i esa lwpdkad esa 'kh"kZ
LFkku ij gSA 37. (a)

‰ blds ckn Øe'k% nwljs vkSj rhljs LFkku ij bjkd (8.682) O;k[;k% fln~nh ;k gC'kh vizQhdh ewy dh ,d tutkfr gS tks
vkSj ukbthfj;k (8.314) gSaA nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa fuokl djrh gSA
‰ ;s eq[; :i ls rhu Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa& xqtjkr] dukZVd vkSj
de çHkkfor ns'k%
vkaèkz çns'k esa ik, tkrs gSa vkSj uohure tux.kuk ds vuqlkj
‰ lwpdkad esa drj (0.014) us 133 oha] mt~csfdLrku (0.010)
mudh dqy tula[;k yxHkx 0.25 fefy;u gSA vr% fodYi
us 134oha rFkk yxHkx 29 ns'kksa (0.000 Ldksj) us 135oha jSad
(a) lgh gSA
gkfly dh] vFkkZr~ ;s vkradokn ls lcls de çHkkfor ns'k gSaA
‰ Hkkjr esa fln~nh yksxksa dk igyk çysf•r fjdkWMZ 1100 bZLoh
35. (c) dk gS tc os if'peh Hkkjr esa cls FksA
O;k[;k% ef.kiqj ds Fkksmcy f”kys ds uksaxiksd lsdebZ iqfyl 38. (d)
LVs'ku dks o"kZ 2020 ds fy;s ns'k ds loZJs"B iqfyl LVs'ku O;k[;k% xeZ 'khrks".k if'peh lhekar (Hkweè;lkxjh;) tyok;q
ds :i esa pquk x;k gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA ‰ xeZ 'khrks".k if'peh lhekar tyok;q {ks=k iwjh rjg ls egk}hih;
‰ jSafdax çfØ;k çR;sd jkT; esa laifÙk vijkèk] efgykvksa ds lagfr ds if'peh Hkkx esa Hkweè; js•k ds 30 fMxzh vkSj 45
f•ykiQ vijkèk] detksj oxks± ds f•ykiQ vijkèk vkSj ykirk fMxzh mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k ds chp lhfer gSA
O;fDr;ksa dh f'kdk;rksa ls fuiVus okys lcls vPNk çn'kZu ‰ Hkweè;lkxjh; tyok;q fd viuh dqN fof'k"V fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa&
djus okys iqfyl LVs'kuksa ls 'kq: dh xbZ gSA  virVh; O;kikfjd iouksa ds lkFk xeZ xzh"edky_
‰ dsaæ ljdkj çR;sd o"kZ ns'k Hkj esa iqfyl LVs'kuksa ds vfèkd  rVorhZ iNqok iouksa ds lkFk 'khrdky esa o"kkZ dh ,dkxzrk_
çHkkoh dkedkt dks çksRlkfgr djus vkSj muds chp csgrj  xeZ 'kq"d xzh"edky] vkæZ e`nq 'khrdky_ vkSj
çfrLièkkZ c<+kus ds fy;s loZJs"B çn'kZu djus okys iqfyl  Hkweè; lkxj ds vklikl LFkkuh; iouksa (tSls fljksDdks]
LVs'kuksa dk p;u djrh gSA feLVªy) dh çeq•rkA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
‰ uhps o"kZ 2020 ds fy;s 'kh"kZ 5 iqfyl LVs'kuksa dh lwph nh
39. (b)
xbZ gS%
O;k[;k% lgh lqesfyr ;qXe gSa%
iqfyl LVs'ku f”kyk jkT;
(egklkxj dk Lrj) (bl uke ls Hkh tkuk
uksaxiksd lsdebZ Fkksmcy ef.kiqj tkrk gS)
AWPS& lqjeaxye lkyse 'kgj rfeyukMq A. ,ihisySftd tksu 1. lw;Z çdk'k {ks=k
•jlkax pkaxykax v#.kkpy çns'k B. eslksisySftd tksu 2. xksèkqyh {ks=k
f>yfey (HkSÕ;k Fkkuk) lwjtiqj NÙkhlx<+ C. ckFkisySftd tksu 3. eè;jkf=k {ks=k
laxq,e nf{k.k xksok xksok D. gSMyisySftd tksu 4. xgjk {ks=k

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 ‰ bldk vkdkj yxHkx f=kHkqt tSlk gS] ftldk vkèkkj mÙkj
ds fo'kky eSnkuksa ds nf{k.kh fdukjs ls yxrk gSA
‰ blesa yxHkx 16 yk• oxZ fdeh- dk {ks=k 'kkfey gSA
‰ iBkj dh vkSlr Å¡pkbZ leqæ ry ls 600-900 ehVj gSA
‰ vfèkdka'k çk;}hih; ufn;k¡ if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj cgrh gSaA
‰ ueZnk vkSj rkIrh viokn gSa tks iwoZ ls if'pe dh vksj cgrh gSAa
‰ ;g ,d vR;fèkd fLFkj CykWd gS tks vfèkdrj vkfdZ;u 'kSy
vkSj flLV (jkWd flLVe) ls cuk gSA
‰ ;g ,d fLFkj <ky jgk gS tks bldh mRifÙk ds ckn ls dqN
lajpukRed ifjorZuksa ls xqtjk gSA
‰ çk;}hih; iBkj dbZ NksVs iBkjksa] igkM+h Ük`a•ykvksa dk ,d lewg
gS] ftlesa unh viokg ,oa ?kkfV;k¡ iQSyh gqbZ gSaA
42. (b)

O;k[;k% dUukSt f”kyk b=k ds fy;s çfl¼ gS vkSj bls Hkkjr dh

b=k jktèkkuh ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] ;g ikjaifjd dUukSt b=k
ds fy;s çfl¼ gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
‰ dUukSt esa gh 200 ls vfèkd b=k vklou 'kkyk,¡ gSa vkSj ;gk¡
40. (a)
rackdw] vrj (b=k)] xqykc ty dk ,d ck”kkj gSA
O;k[;k% ‰ bldk uke fganh ,oa mnZw Hkk"kk dh ,d fo'ks"k cksyh dUukSth
ds uke ij j•k x;k gSA
‰ dUukSt f”kyk chM+h m|ksx ds fy;s Hkh çfl¼ gSA ;g mÙkj
çns'k esa chM+h dk lcls cM+k vkiwfrZdÙkkZ gSA
43. (c)

O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k jkT; •fut fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM ,d jkT;

ljdkj dh daiuh gS] ftldh LFkkiuk 23 ekpZ] 1974 dks dh
xbZ FkhA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
‰ o"kZ 1998 esa mÙkj çns'k dh igyh •fut uhfr ?kksf"kr dh
‰ ik¡p Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa vle] if'pe caxky] fe”kksje] es?kky; xbZ ftlesa •fut fodkl dks ,d m|ksx dk ntkZ çnku
,oa f=kiqjk dh lhek ckaXykns'k ds lkFk yxrh gSA vr% fodYi fd;k x;kA
(a) lgh gSA
44. (c)
‰ ckaXykns'k ds lkFk 2,217 fdyksehVj dh lcls vfèkd lhek
if'pe caxky dh yxrh gSA O;k[;k% ^uekfe xaxs dk;ZØe* ,d ,dhÑr laj{k.k fe'ku gS] ftls
‰ vU; pkj jkT;ksa dh ckaXykns'k ds lkFk lhek dh yackbZ gS& twu 2014 esa dsaæ ljdkj }kjk¸ ÝySxf'ki çksxzke ¶ds :i esa
f=kiqjk (856 fdeh-)] es?kky; (443 fdeh-)] vle (262 vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
fdeh-) ,oa fe”kksje (318 fdeh-)A ‰ blesa jk"Vªh; unh xaxk ds çnw"k.k] laj{k.k vkSj dk;kdYi ds
41. (b) çHkkoh mUewyu ds nksgjs mn~ns'; gSaA
‰ uekfe xaxs dk;ZØe ds eq[; LraHk gSa%
O;k[;k% çk;}hih; iBkj HkkSxksfyd :i ls Hkkjr dk lcls çkphure
HkkSxksfyd {ks=k gSA ;g i`Foh dh lcls çkphure Hkw&vkÑfr;ksa I. lhojst VªhVesaV bUÚkLVªDpj
esa ls ,d gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA II. fjoj&ÚaV MsoyiesaV

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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 III. fjoj&ljiQsl Dyhfuax ‰ bl vH;kl dk mn~ns'; varj&vuqdwyrk (Interoperability)
IV. tSo&fofoèkrk dks c<+kok nsuk] vkilh le> dks csgrj cukuk vkSj nksuksa fe=k
V. ouhdj.k ukSlsukvksa ds chp lokZsÙke vH;klksa dks volj nsuk FkkA
VI. tu tkxj.k ‰ PASSEXs dk vk;kstu Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk }kjk fe=kor fons'kh
VII. vkS|ksfxd fjlko dh fuxjkuh ukSlsukvksa ds lkFk fu;fer :i ls fd;k tkrk gS ftlds fy;s
VIII. xaxk xzke os ,d&nwljs ds canjxkgksa vkSj •qys leqæh {ks=kksa dk mi;ksx
djrs gSaA
vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
45. (b)
‰ bl vH;kl dk vk;kstu 4 fnlacj dks Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk ds
ukSlsuk fnol (Navy Day) ds volj ij fd;k x;k tgk¡
O;k[;k% fuEu rkfydk esa muds lacafèkr LFkkuksa ds lkFk >hyksa dks nksuksa fe=k lsukvksa ds chp e”kcwr fe=krk ij cy fn;k x;kA
lgh lqesfyr fd;k x;k gSA ‰ nksuksa ukSlsukvksa us fu;fer vH;klksa ds ekè;e ls ,d e”kcwr
>hysa LFkku lacaèk dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS tgk¡ muds chp f}okf"kZd :i ls
MhMokuk jktLFkku baæ (INDRA) vH;kl dk vk;kstu Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA baæ
osEcukn dsjy vH;kl dk uohure laLdj.k 4 ls 5 flracj] 2020 dks mÙkjh
iQqygj mÙkj çns'k fgan egklkxj {ks=k esa vk;ksftr fd;k x;k FkkA
yksukj egkjk"Vª 48. (b)
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% ,d 15 o"khZ; Hkkjrh;&vesfjdh oSKkfud] vkSj
46. (b)
vkfo"dkjd xhrkatfy jko dks fnlacj 2020 esa Vkbe eSx”khu
O;k[;k% fnlacj 2020 esa] if'pe caxky dh eq[;ea=kh us dksydkrk ds igys ^fdM vkWiQ n ;j* dk uke fn;k x;k FkkA vr%
esa uo&fufeZr ektjgkV iqy* dk mn~?kkVu fd;k] ftldk uke fodYi (b) lgh gSA
usrkth lqHkk"k paæ cksl dks mudh 125oha t;arh (23 ‰ ;g igyh ckj gS tc Vkbe eSxthu us ¶fdM vkWiQ n ;j¸
tuojh) ij J¼katfy nsus ds fy;s ¶t; fgan¸ iqy ds iqjLdkj ykWUp fd;k gSA
:i esa fn;k x;k gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA ‰ xhrkatfy jko dks ¶nwf"kr is;ty ls ysdj viQhe dh yr vkSj
‰ 650 ehVj yack ;g u;k iqy flracj 2018 esa {kfrxzLr gks
lkbcjcqfyax rd dh leL;kvksa ls fuiVus ds fy;s¸ çkS|ksfxdh
pqds iqjkus 2&ysu iqy ds LFkku ij cuk;k x;k gSA dk mi;ksx djus dh {kerk ds fy;s pquk x;k FkkA
‰ iqy ds fuekZ.k dh ykxr yxHkx 311.76 djksM+ #i, gSA
‰ jko] ftUgsa if=kdk ds uohure laLdj.k ds doj ij fpf=kr
‰ u;k iqy Mcy ysu {kerk okyk pkj&ysu dscy&jsy&vksoj
fd;k x;k Fkk] 5,000 ls vfèkd ukekafdrksa esa ls pquk x;k FkkA
fczt gS] ftldh Hkkj {kerk 385 ehfVªd Vu gSA
‰ Vkbe eSx”khu dk eq[;ky; la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa gS vkSj
‰ iqy èkeuh Mk;eaM gkcZj jksM ij fLFkr gS vkSj 'kgj ds eè;
bldk igyk vad 3 ekpZ] 1923 dks çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA
Hkkx dks csgkyk vkSj mlls vkxs ds nf{k.k&if'peh miuxjksa ls
tksM+sxkA 49. (d)

47. (b) O;k[;k% phu paæek dh lrg ij viuk jk"Vªh; èot iQgjkus okyk
O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk (IN) us :lh ukSlsuk (RuFN) ds lkFk 4-5 fo'o dk nwljk ns'k cu x;kA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
‰ blls igys] vesfjdk us o"kZ 1969 esa ekuo;qDr viksyks 11
fnlacj 2020 dks ekxZ vH;kl (Passage Eñercise–PASSEX)
dk vk;kstu fd;kA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA fe'ku ds nkSjku paæek ij igyk èot iQgjk;k FkkA
‰ ;g vH;kl iwohZ fgan egklkxj {ks=k (IOR) esa fd;k x;kA iwohZ ‰ phu us ;g ,sfrgkfld miyfCèk 'Chang’e 5' fe'ku ds nkSjku
fgan egklkxj {ks=k esa bl vH;kl dk vk;kstu nksuksa ns'kksa ds çkIr dh] ftls e`nk vkSj pV~Vku ds uewus ,d=k djus ds fy;s
chp e”kcwr nh?kZdkfyd lkefjd lacaèk vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls paæek ij Hkstk x;k Fkk rFkk ;g paæek dh lrg ij 3 fnlacj]
leqæh {ks=k esa j{kk lg;ksx dk çn'kZu djrk gSA vr% dFku 2 2020 dks jk"Vªh; èot iQgjkus ds ckn i`Foh ij ykSVus ds fy;s
lgh gSA fudy pqdk gSA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 14 14
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 50. (a) 52. (c)

O;k[;k% ufjanj flag dikuh ,d çfl¼ HkkSfrd foKkuh] O;olk;h vkSj O;k[;k% lw;Z] paæek vkSj i`Foh dh fLFkfr ij vkèkkfjr TokjHkkVk
fl• dk;ZdÙkkZ Fks ftudk fuèku 4 fnlacj] 2020 dks gqvk FkkA Tokj dh Å¡pkbZ esa fHkUurk i`Foh ds lkis{k lw;Z ,oa paæek dh
mUgsa ^iQkbcj vkWfIVDl dk tud* dgk tkrk gS rFkk muds uke fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrh gSA o`gr~ Tokj vkSj fuEu Tokj blh Js.kh
ij 100 ls vfèkd isVVas FksA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA ds varxZr vkrs gSaA
‰ dikuh o"kZ 1954 esa iQkbcj vkWfIVDl ds ekè;e ls fcac dks
‰ o`gr~ Tokj (Spring Tides)% i`Foh ds lanHkZ esa lw;Z vkSj paæek
çlkfjr djus okys vkSj gkbZ&LihM baVjusV rduhd dh uhao
dh fLFkfr Tokj dh Å¡pkbZ dks çR;{k :i ls çHkkfor djrh gSA
j•us okys igys O;fDr FksA mUgksaus u dsoy iQkbcj vkWfIVDl
 tc lw;Z] paæek vkSj i`Foh ,d lhèkh js•k esa gksrs gSa] rc
dh uhao j•h cfYd O;olk; ds fy;s vius Lo;a ds vkfo"dkj
dk Hkh bLrseky fd;kA Tokj dh Å¡pkbZ vfèkdre gksrh gSA bUgsa o`gr~ Tokj dgk
tkrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
‰ mUgksaus Øe'k% o"kZ 1960 vkSj o"kZ 1973 esa vkWfIVd
 ,slk ekg esa nks ckj gksrk gS& ,d ckj iwf.kZek ds le;
VsDuksykWth budkWikZsjs'ku rFkk dSIVªksu budkWikZsjs'ku dh
LFkkiuk dhA vkSj nwljh ckj vekoL;k ds le;A
‰ mUgksaus 100 ls vfèkd oSKkfud i=kksa vkSj vkWIVksbysDVªkWfuDl ‰ fuEu Tokj (Neap Tides)% vkerkSj ij o`gr~ Tokj vkSj fuEu
rFkk m|e'khyrk ij pkj iqLrdksa dk çdk'ku fd;kA Tokj ds chp lkr fnu dk varjky gksrk gSA
‰ mUgsa 20oha lnh ds lkr ¶vulax ghjks”k¸ esa ukfer fd;k x;k  bl le; lw;Z vkSj paæek ,d nwljs ds ledks.k ij gksrs

Fkk ftUgksaus 22 uoacj] 1999 ds ^lsapqjh* ds O;olkf;;ksa ds gSa vkSj muds xq#Ro cy ,d nwljs ds fo#¼ dk;Z djrs
iQkWP;Zwu }kjk fo'o ds yksxksa ds thou dks çHkkfor fd;k FkkA gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
‰ ;g è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd dikuh dks iQkbcj vkWfIVDl esa vius  paæek dk xq#Rokd"kZ.k lw;Z ds lkis{k nksxquk e”kcwr gksus
dk;Z ds fy;s ukscsy iqjLdkj ugha feykA iQkbcj vkWfIVDl ds ds ckn Hkh mlds xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds le{k èkwfey iM+ tkrk gSA
fy;s ukscsy iqjLdkj pkYlZ dkvks dks fn;k x;kA 53. (a)
51. (a)
O;k[;k% lgh lqesfyr fd;s x, ;qXe gSa%
O;k[;k% if'pe&ls&iwoZ dh vksj% lksdks=kk }hi (;eu)&fj;wfu;u (Tokykeq•h LFkkykÑfr;k¡) (fo'ks"krk,¡)
(Úk¡l)&fM,xks xkflZ;k (;wds)&'kghn }hi (Hkkjr)A vr% A. Mkbd 3. èkjkry vkSj nhokj
fodYi (a) lgh gSA dh Hkk¡fr lajpuk
'kghn }hi] ftls igys uhy vkbySaM (Neill Island) ds :i B. fly 4. {kSfrt ry esa ,d
esa tkuk tkrk Fkk] vaMeku }hilewg dk ,d }hi gS tks fjph pknj ds :i esa
}hilewg (Ritchie's Archipelago) esa fLFkr gSA C. cSFkksfyFk 1. eSXek HkaMkjksa dk tek
gqvk Hkkx
D. ySdksfyFk 2. xqacnuqek fo'kky
varoZsèkh pV~Vkusa
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
54. (b)

O;k[;k% Mcy&ySaMykWd ns'k

‰ Mcy&ySaMykWd ns'k dk vFkZ dsoy ySaMykWd iM+kslh ns'k ls gSaA
,sls nks ns'k gSa% m”csfdLrku vkSj fypsaLVhuA vr% fodYi
(b) lgh gSA
‰ ;wjksi esa fypsLa Vhu nks ySM
a ykWd ns'kksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS_ fLoV~”kjySM
a
vkSj vkWfLVª;kA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 15 15
fnYyh&9 iz;kxjkt
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ‰ ,f'k;k esa m”csfdLrku ik¡p Hkw&Hkkx okys ns'kksa ls f?kjk gqvk gS% ‰ bu Jsf.k;ksa dk lkekU; mUeq•hdj.k Hkkjr ds mÙkj&if'peh
os viQxkfuLrku] dtkfdLrku] fdfxZLrku] rkftfdLrku Hkkx esa mÙkj&if'pe ls nf{k.k&iwoZ fn'kk dh vksj gSA
vkSj rqdZesfuLrku gSaA ‰ nkf”kZfyax vkSj flfDde {ks=k esa fgeky; iwoZ&if'pe fn'kk esa
55. (d) fLFkr gS] tcfd v#.kkpy çns'k esa os nf{k.k&if'pe ls
mÙkj&if'pe fn'kk esa gSaA
O;k[;k% fo'o ds ns'kksa esa vkilh le> ds rgr ;kE;ksÙkj dks 7°30'
‰ uxkySaM] ef.kiqj] vkSj fe”kksje esa] os mÙkj&nf{k.k fn'kk esa gSaA
ns'kkarj ds xq.kkad ij pquk tkrk gSA
‰ xzsV fgeky;u jsat dh vuqekfur yackbZ] ftls dsaæh; v{kh;
‰ ;gh dkj.k gS fd 82°30'E dks Hkkjr dh ^ekud ;kE;ksÙkj* ds
lhek Hkh dgk tkrk gS] iwoZ ls if'pe rd 2,500 fdeh- gS]
:i esa pquk x;k gS tks mÙkj çns'k ds bykgkckn ds ikl fe”kkZiqj
vkSj mudh pkSM+kbZ mÙkj ls nf{k.k rd 160-400 fdeh- ds
ls gksdj xqtjrk gSA
chp cnyrh jgrh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
‰ Hkkjrh; ekud le; (IST) xzhufop ehu Vkbe (GMT) ls 5
‰ Hkkjrh; miegk}hi vkSj eè; rFkk iwohZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa ds chp
?kaVs 30 feuV vkxs gS] ftls vc ;wfuolZy dksvkWfMZusVsM
fgeky; ,d e”kcwr vkSj yach nhokj dh rjg gSA
Vkbe (UTC) dgk tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
58. (b)
‰ lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj-&jk"Vªh; HkkSfrd ç;ksx'kkyk (CSIR-NPL)
Hkkjr dk ,d jk"Vªh; ekfidh laLFkku gS vkSj HkkSfrd foKku O;k[;k%
ds {ks=k esa ,d çeq• vuqlaèkku ç;ksx'kkyk gSA ;g ik¡p lhft;e
ijek.kq ?kfM+;ksa dk mi;ksx djds le; fjdkWMZ djrk gSA
56. (b)

O;k[;k% fe”kksje ds mÙkj&iwohZ jkT; dks eksyklsl csflu ds :i esa

Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] D;ksafd ;g vlaihfMr tek ls cuk gSA vr%
fodYi (b) lgh gSA
‰ blds ioZrh; HkkSxksfyd {ks=k ds lkFk blesa dbZ varjhi csflu
Hkh 'kkfey gSa tks igkM+ksa ds lekukarj ,d ?kkVh&çdkj dk
volkn ;k xM~<k (Depression) gSA
‰ tc vlaihfMr tek bu xM~<ksa dks Hkj nsrk gS rks ;g eksyklsl
csflu ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
57. (a) ‰ Åij n'kkZ, x, fp=k ds vuqlkj] iwoZ ls if'pe dh fn'kk esa
O;k[;k% iBkjksa dk lgh Øe& es?kky; -> NksVk ukxiqj -> ekyok
-> esokM+ gSA

vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA

59. (d)

O;k[;k% ekuo çoklu fo'o ds ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd yksxksa

dh vkoktkgh gSA yksx ;k rks Lo;a LFkkukarj.k pqu ldrs gSa
(LoSfPNd çoklu) ;k LFkkukarfjr gksus ds fy;s e”kcwj gks
ldrs gSa (vuSfPNd çokl)A
‰ çoklu ,d oSf'od ?kVuk gS tks u dsoy vkfFkZd dkjdksa ds
‰ fgeky; ,d lekukarj ioZr Ük`a•yk gSA dqN egÙoiw.kZ Jsf.k;k¡ dkj.k gksrh gS cfYd lkekftd] jktuhfrd] lkaLÑfrd] i;kZoj.k]
xzsVj fgeky;u jsat] ftlesa xzsV fgeky; vkSj f'kokfyd LokLF;] f'k{kk tSls dbZ vU; dkjdksa dks çoklu ds iqy vkSj
'kkfey gSaA iq'k dkjdksa ds O;kid oxhZdj.k ds rgr 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
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 ‰ iq'k iQSDVj% ;s dkjd fdlh O;fDr dks vyx&vyx dkj.kksa bZLV xsV vkSj iQrsgkckn jksM (,fyosVsM LVs'ku)] rFkk vkxjk
ls] ewy fuokl (vkmV&ekbxzs'ku) dks NksM+us vkSj fdlh vU; dk fdyk] rkt egy ,oa tkek efLtn (Hkwfexr LVs'ku) lfgr
LFkku ij LFkkukarfjr djus ds fy;s foo'k djrs gSaA vr% dFku Ng LVs'ku gksaxsA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
2 lgh ugha gSA ‰ ifj;kstuk dh vuqekfur ykxr yxHkx 8,379.62 djksM+ #i,
‰ iq'k iQSDVj% ;s dkjd mu dkj.kksa dks bafxr djrs gSa tks çokfl;ksa gksxhA bls 5 o"kks± esa iwjk fd;k tk,xkA
(bu&ekbxzs'ku) dks fdlh {ks=k (xarO;) dh vksj vkdf"kZr djrs ‰ mÙkj çns'k esVªks jsy dkWikZsjs'ku (UPMRC) us vkxjk esVªks jsy
gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA ifj;kstuk ds igys pj.k dks fnlacj 2022 rd iwjk djus dk
‰ fuEufyf•r rkfydk foLrkj ls iq'k vkSj iqy dkjdksa dk o.kZu y{; j•k gSA
djrh gS% ‰ lqpk: gksus ds ckn] ifj;kstuk 'kgj dh 26 yk• vkcknh ds
^bZt vkWiQ fyfoax* dks c<+kok nsxh vkSj 'kgj esa i;kZoj.k ds
vuqdwy ekl jSfiM VªkaftV flLVe çnku djrs gq, çR;sd o"kZ
60 yk• ls vfèkd i;ZVdksa dh vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djsxhA
62. (c)

O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k i;ZVu foHkkx us unh i;ZVu ds fodkl ds ekè;e

ls i;ZVu m|ksx ds çlkj vkSj çksRlkgu ds fy;s fnlacj 2020
esa Hkkjrh; varnZs'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k (IWAI) ds lkFk ,d
le>kSrk Kkiu (MoU) ij gLrk{kj fd;k gSA vr% dFku 1
lgh gSA
‰ bl le>kSrk Kkiu dk mn~ns'; gS%

60. (a) I. unh i;ZVu dh {kerk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy;s ,d

dk;Z;kstuk rS;kj djukA
O;k[;k% lacafèkr jkT;ksa ds lkFk tutkfr;ksa dk mYys• fuEukuqlkj gS%
II. v;ksè;k esa lj;w unh ij unh i;ZVu dks c<+kok nsukA
jkT; tutkfr III. v;ksè;k ds fy;s Vwj iSdst dk fodklA
egkjk"Vª HkSuk] Hkqaft;k] <ksfM;k] dkrdkjh] •ksaM] jkBok] okjyhl] IV. okjk.klh esa nks jks&iSDl iSlt
as j osly (Ro Pax Passenger
èkkudk] gYck] dFkksM+h] dksduk] dksyh egknso] ikjèkh] Vessels) dk lapkyuA
Bkdqj
Hkkjrh; varnZs'kh; tyekxZ çkfèkdj.k (IWAI)%
rsyaxkuk psapw
‰ ;g tgk”kjkuh vkSj ukSlapkyu (Shipping and Navigation)
f=kiqjk Hkhy] HkwfV;k] pk;y] pdek] gyke] •kfl;k] yq'kkbZ] ds fy;s varnZs'kh; tyekxks± ds fodkl vkSj fofu;eu gsrq 27
fetsy] ukers] eksx] eqaMk] fj;kax vDrwcj 1986 dks vfLrRo esa vk;kA
mÙkj çns'k HkksfV;k] cqDlk] tkSulkjh] dksy] jkth] Fkk:] xksaM]
‰ çkfèkdj.k eq[; :i ls tgk”kjkuh ea=kky; ls çkIr vuqnku ds
•kjokj] lgfj;k] ijfg;k] cSxk] vxfj;k] psjks
ekè;e ls jk"Vªh; tyekxks± ij varnZs'kh; ty ifjogu (IWT)
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA volajpuk ds fodkl vkSj j•j•ko ds fy;s ifj;kstukvksa dk
61. (b) dk;kZUo;u djrk gSA
O;k[;k% vkxjk esVªks jsy ifj;kstuk (AMRP) ds igys pj.k dk ‰ bldk eq[;ky; uks,Mk] mÙkj çns'k esa vofLFkr gSA blds

mn~?kkVu fnlacj 2020 esa çèkku ea=kh }kjk vkHkklh rjhds ls vfrfjDr iVuk] dksydkrk] xqokgkVh vkSj dksfPp esa çkfèkdj.k
fd;k x;k FkkA ds vius {ks=kh; dk;kZy; Hkh gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
‰ vkxjk esVªks ifj;kstuk esa 29.4 fdeh- dh dqy yackbZ okys 2 ‰ Hkkjr esa yxHkx 14,500 fdyksehVj ukSogu ;ksX; tyekxZ gSa
xfy;kjs 'kkfey gSaA fldanjk & rkt bZLV xsV dkWfjMksj dk ftuesa ufn;k¡] ugjsa] vçokgh ty (cSdokVj)] •kM+h (Øhd)
fuekZ.k igys pj.k esa fd;k tk,xkA bl dkWfjMksj ij clbZ] rkt vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 17 17
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 ‰ varnZs'kh; ty ifjogu (IWT) ds ekè;e ls lkykuk yxHkx ‰ vafre ckj ;g iqjLdkj 28 o"kZ igys 1992 esa ts-vkj-Mh-
55 fefy;u Vu eky dk vkokxeu gksrk gS vkSj ;g ,d VkVk dks O;fDrxr Js.kh esa çnku fd;k x;k Fkk
b±èku&dq'ky vkSj i;kZoj.k&vuqdwy ifjogu ekè;e gSA ‰ gsYi,t bafM;k Hkkjr esa n'kdksa ls cqtqxks± vkSj vU; oafprksa ds
63. (d) fy;s dke djus okyh ,d çeq• laLFkk gS rkfd og lfØ;]
lEekutud vkSj LoLFk thou th ldsaA
O;k[;k% twu 2021 esa Jhyadk ,f'k;k di dh es”kckuh djsxk tcfd ‰ ;g laxBu o`¼ yksxksa dks jks”kxkj ds volj Hkh çnku djrk
ikfdLrku us o"kZ 2022 esa VwukZesaV dh estckuh ds vfèkdkj gS] leqnk; esa muds vfèkdkjksa dh odkyr djrk gS vkSj LFkkuh;
vftZr fd;s gSaA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA laxBuksa dks mudh enn djus esa lg;ksx çnku djrk gSA
‰ ewy dk;ZØe ds vuqlkj] o"kZ 2020 esa VwukZesaV dh estckuh
66. (a)
ikfdLrku }kjk dh tkuh Fkh] gkyk¡fd ;g COVID-19 egkekjh
ds dkj.k LFkfxr gks x;kA O;k[;k% ckSuk xzg ,d ,slk fiaM gS] tks fdlh çkÑfrd mixzg
(paæek) ls fHkUu gS] ;s lw;Z dh ifjØek djrs gSa vkSj cqèk xzg
‰ vc bl vk;kstu dks twu 2021 rd vkxs c<+k fn;k x;k gS]
dh rqyuk esa NksVs gksrs gSaA budk æO;eku de&ls&de bruk
ftlesa Jhyadk us ikfdLrku fØdsV ckWMZ (PCB) ls gksfLVax
gks fd vius xq#Rokd"kZ.k ds dkj.k mldk vkdkj yxHkx xksy
vfèkdkj ys fy;s gSaA çfriQy ds :i esa PCB dks o"kZ 2022
gks x;k gks rFkk og vius iM+kslh fi.Mksa dh d{kk dks u
laLdj.k ds fy;s gksfLVax vfèkdkj fey x, gSaA yka?krk gksA
64. (a) ‰ baVjus'kuy ,LVªksukWfedy ;wfu;u (IAU) us vxLr 2006 esa
lkSj ç.kkyh fudk;ksa dh bl Js.kh dks viuk;kA
O;k[;k% nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=kh; lg;ksx la?k (SAARC) pkVZj fnol
‰ twu 2008 esa IAU us ckSus xzg dh Js.kh esa ,d ubZ Js.kh]
dk 36ok¡ laLdj.k 8 fnlacj] 2020 dks fFkEiw esa vk;ksftr
IywVksbM~l cukbZA IywVksbM ckSus xzg gSa tks usiP;wu dh rqyuk esa
fd;k x;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
lw;Z ls cgqr nwj gSaA
‰ SAARC pkVZj dks 8 fnlacj] 1985 dks SAARC ds
‰ lsjsl dks NksM+dj lHkh ckSus xzg IywVkWbM gSa] D;ksafd ;g {kqnzxzg
jk"Vªkè;{kksa@ljdkj }kjk <kdk] ckaXykns'k esa vius çFke f'k•j
csYV esa fLFkr gSA
lEesyu ds nkSjku viuk;k x;k FkkA
‰ orZeku esa lsjsl (Ceres)] IywVks (;e)] ,fjl (Eris)] gqek@
‰ pkVZj {ks=k ds lk>k bfrgkl vkSj lnL; jkT;ksa (viQxkfuLrku]
gkSfe;k (Haumea) vkSj esdesd (Makemake) vkfn dks
ckaXykns'k] HkwVku] Hkkjr] ekynho] usiky] ikfdLrku vkSj ckSuk xzg ekuk tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
Jhyadk) ds fuèkkZj.k dks ekU;rk nsrk gS] rkfd 'kkafr vkSj
67. (c)
le`f¼ ds fy;s vkilh le>] nksLrh vkSj lg;ksx dks c<+kok
fey ldsA O;k[;k% 'kwU; fMxzh v{kka'k (ftls Hkweè; js•k ds :i esa tkuk tkrk
‰ lkdZ dk mn~ns'; {ks=k esa lkekftd] vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd gS) vkSj 'kwU; fMxzh ns'kkarj (ftls çèkku eè;kÉ js•k ds :i
fodkl dh çfØ;k esa rsth ykuk gSA esa tkuk tkrk gS) vVykafVd egklkxj ds eè; esa vizQhdh rV
ij fxuh dh •kM+h (Gulf of Guinea) esa feyrs gSaA vr%
65. (b)
fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% gsYi,t bafM;k (laLFkkxr Js.kh esa) vkSj HkwVku dh jkuh 68. (c)
enj X;kY;qe laxs pksMsu okaxpqd dks (O;fDrxr Js.kh
O;k[;k% ySVsjkbV e`nk% bl e`nk esa ,Y;qfefu;e rFkk vk;ju ds
esa) o"kZ 2020 ds fy;s la;qDr jk"Vª tula[;k iqjLdkj ls vkWDlkbM dh vfèkdrk gksrh gSA Å".kdfVcaèkh; vkæZ tyok;q
lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA çns'kksa esa tgk¡ lnkcgkj ou feyrs gSa] ogk¡ e`nk dk fodkl
‰ bl iqjLdkj dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1981 esa la;qDr jk"Vª egklHkk ysVsjkb”ks'ku ds }kjk gksrk gSA bl çfØ;k esa rkieku vfèkd
}kjk dh xbZ Fkh vkSj bls o"kZ 1983 esa igyh ckj çLrqr fd;k gksus ds dkj.k flfydsV •fut rÙo fo?kfVr gksdj flfydk
x;k FkkA esa ifjofrZr gks tkrs gSa] ftlls fu{kkyu ds le; ty ds lkFk
‰ la;qDr jk"Vª tula[;k iqjLdkj ds bfrgkl esa igyh ckj fdlh flfydk cgdj uhps dh ijrksa esa pyk tkrk gSA blfy;s bl
Hkkjrh; laLFkku dks ;g lEeku çnku fd;k x;k gS e`nk dh Åij dh ijrksa esa flfydk rRoksa dk vHkko jgrk gSA
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 ‰ psLVuV e`nk% v¼Z&'kq"d {ks=kksa esa tgk¡ o"kkZ 'kq"d {ks=kksa (15- dk;karfjr 'kSysa
30 bap) dh rqyuk esa FkksM+h vfèkd gksrh gS] ysfdu rkieku ‰ dk;karfjr 'kSy dk vFkZ gS] ^Lo:i esa ifjorZu*A nkc vk;ru
yxHkx mruk gh vfèkd gksrk gS] psLVuV e`nk ikbZ tkrh gSA ,oa rkieku esa ifjorZu dh çfØ;k ds iQyLo:i bl 'kSyksa dk
'kq"d {ks=kksa dh rqyuk esa yhfpax vfèkd fpfÉr gSA ?kqyu'khy fuekZ.k gksrk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
{kkjh; yo.k tek gksdj ch&laLrj (B-horizon) cukrs gSaA ‰ dk;karfjr 'kSysa nks çeq• Hkkxksa esa oxhZÑr dh tk ldrh gSa%
dkcZfud inkFkks± dk vi?kVu ,&laLrj (A-horizon) esa áwel if=kr 'kSy vkSj vif=kr 'kSyA
ds de lap; dk dkj.k cuus ds fy;s i;kZIr gSA
70. (d)
‰ iksMtksy% 'khr&vkæZ tyok;q çns'k esa tgk¡ 'kadqèkkjh ou feyrs
gSa] ogk¡ e`nk dk fodkl iksM”kksykbZts'ku ds }kjk gksrk gS] blfy;s O;k[;k% iSaxksax Rlks >hy yxHkx 4,350 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij yn~nk•
bl e`nk dks ^iksMtksy e`nk* dgrs gSaA iksMtksykbZts'ku çfØ;k esa fLFkr gSA
ds rgr 'khr&vkæZ tyok;q çns'k esa vR;ar de rkieku gksus ‰ ;g fo'o dh lcls Å¡ph •kjs ikuh dh >hy gSA
ds dkj.k flfydsV •fut rÙoksa dk fo?kVu ugha gks ikrk gS] ‰ ;g yxHkx 160 fdyksehVj rd iQSyh gqbZ gS vkSj >hy dk
ftl dkj.k bl e`nk ds Åij dh ijrksa esa ^flfydk* dh
,d frgkbZ fgLlk Hkkjr esa rFkk ckdh nks frgkbZ phu esa gSA
vfèkdrk gksrh gS] tcfd dkcZfud inkFkks± dk fo?kVu ugha gksus
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ds dkj.k bl e`nk esa thok.kqvksa dh vuqifLFkfr ikbZ tkrh gSA
‰ iSaxksax >hy dk uke frCcrh 'kCn ¶ikaxksax Rlks¸ ls iM+k gS]
‰ pukZste e`nk% ;g cM+s iSekus ij vukt mxkus ;k i'kqvksa dks
ftldk vk'k; gS ¶gkbZ xzkl ySaM¸A
ikyus ds fy;s mi;ksx dh tkus okyh áwel le`¼ e`nk gSA ;g
nksuksa xksyk¼ks± ds eè; v{kka'kksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA ‰ ;g jax cnyus ds fy;s Hkh tkuk tkrk gS] vyx&vyx le;
ij uhyk] gjk vkSj yky fn•kbZ nsrk gSA
bl izdkj lgh lqesfyr ;qXe gSa%
71. (c)
e`nk tyok;q {ks=k
ySVsjkbV xeZ vkSj vkæZ O;k[;k% cSju }hi Hkkjr dk ,dek=k lfØ; Tokykeq•h gSA vr%
psLVuV v¼Z 'kq"d fodYi (c) lgh gSA
ikMtkWy vkæZ 'khrks".k ‰ ;g iksVZ Cys;j ls yxHkx 140 fdeh- nwj vaMeku lkxj esa
pukZste 'khrks".k dfVcaèk fLFkr gSA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA ‰ ;g dsaæ'kkflr çns'k vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg dk

69. (c) ,d fgLlk gSA

‰ bl {ks=k esa cSju Tokykeq•h nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa ,dek=k lfØ;
O;k[;k% vkXus; 'kSy
Tokykeq•h gS (lqek=kk ls E;k¡ekj rd Tokykeqf•;ksa dh
‰ eSXek ds BaMs gksdj ?kuhHkwr gks tkus ij vkXus; 'kSyksa (ySfVu
Ük`a•yk ds lkFk)A
Hkk"kk ds bfXul 'kCn ls mRiUu) dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA
‰ Tokykeq•h ds lcls iqjkus lcsfj;y ykok çokg dh x.kuk
‰ vkXus; 'kSyksa dk oxhZdj.k budh cukoV ds vkèkkj ij fd;k
1.6 fefy;u o"kZ iqjkuh gSA
x;k gSA
‰ Tokykeq•h esa çFke Kkr foLiQksV o"kZ 1787 esa gqvk Fkk vkSj
‰ vkXus; 'kSyksa dk fuekZ.k i`Foh ds vkarfjd Hkkx ds eSXek ,oa
ykok ls gksrk gS] vr% budks çkFkfed 'kSysa Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blesa gky gh esa Tokykeq•h foLiQksV o"kZ 2018 esa gqvk FkkA
vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA ‰ Tokykeq•h i`Foh dh lrg ij mifLFkr ,slh njkj ;k eq• gksrk

‰ BaMk rFkk Bksl cuus dh ;g çfØ;k i`Foh dh iiZVh ;k i`Foh gS ftlls i`Foh ds Hkhrj dk xeZ ykok] xSl] jk• vkfn ckgj
dh lrg ij curs gSa] rks cfgoZsèkh] Tokykeq•h ;k vkXus; 'kSy vkrs gSaA
dgk tkrk gSA ‰ ,d lfØ; Tokykeq•h og gksrk ftlesa orZeku esa dksbZ foLiQksV
‰ xzsukbV vkSj Mk;ksjkbV varoZsèkh 'kSyksa ds dqN mnkgj.k gSaA gqvk gks] ;k Hkfo"; esa mlds tYn iQVus dh vk'kadk gksA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 19 19
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 72. (b) ‰ egklkxj esa ty rjax dh xfr ty dh xgjkbZ ij fuHkZj djrh
O;k[;k% gSA bldh xfr mFkys leqæ esa vfèkd vkSj xgjs leqæ esa de
gksrh gSA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
‰ ifj.kkeLo:i egklkxjksa ds van#uh Hkkx blls de çHkkfor
gksrs gSa] tcfd rVh; {ks=kksa esa ;s rjaxs vfèkd çHkkoh gksrh gSa
vkSj O;kid uqdlku igq¡pkrh gSA vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh
gS vkSj dkj.k (R)] (A) dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
‰ blfy;s leqæ esa tyiksr ij lqukeh dk dksbZ fo'ks"k çHkko ugha
iM+rk vkSj leqæ ds vkarfjd xgjs Hkkx esa lqukeh dk irk yxkuk
‰ fuf'pr okfgdkvksa ds ekè;e ls gks jgs ty çokg dks viokg Hkh dfBu gksrk gSA
dgk tkrk gSA bu okfgdkvksa ds tky dks viokg ra=k dgk ‰ ,slk blfy;s gksrk gS D;ksafd xgjs leqæ esa lqukeh dh ygjksa
tkrk gSA dh yackbZ vfèkd gksrh gS vkSj Å¡pkbZ de gksrh gSA blfy;s
‰ fdlh {ks=k dk viokg ra=k ogk¡ ds HkwoSKkfud le; vofèk] leqæ ds bl Hkkx esa lqukeh tyiksr dks ,d ;k nks ehVj rd
pV~Vkuksa dh çÑfr ,oa lajpuk] LFkykÑfr] <ky] cgrs ty dh gh Åij mBk ldrh gS vkSj mlesa Hkh mls dbZ feuV dk le;
ek=kk vkSj cgko dh vofèk dk ifj.kke gSA yxrk gSA
‰ dqN egÙoiw.kZ viokg çfr:i fuEuçdkj ls gSa% ‰ blds foijhr] tc lqukeh mFkys leqæ esa ços'k djrh gS] bldh
I. o`{kkdkj & tks viokg çfr:i isM+ dh 'kk•kvksa ds rjax yackbZ de gksrh pyh tkrh gS vkSj tcfd le; mruk gh
vuq:i gks] mls o`{kkdkj (Dendritic) çfr:i dgk tkrk jgrk gS] rjax dh Å¡pkbZ c<+rh tkrh gSA dbZ ckj bldh Å¡pkbZ
gS] tSls&mÙkjh eSnku dh ufn;k¡A vr% fodYi (b) 15 ehVj ;k blls Hkh vfèkd gks ldrh gS ftlls rVh; {ks=k
lgh gSA esa Hkh"k.k rckgh vkrh gSA blfy;s bUgsa ^mFkys ty dh rjaxsa*
II. vjh;& tc ufn;k¡ fdlh ioZr ls fudydj lHkh fn'kkvksa (Shallow Water Waves) Hkh dgrs gSaA
esa cgrh gSa] rks bls vjh; (Radial) çfr:i dgk tkrk ‰ lqukeh vke rkSj ij ç'kkar egklkxjh; rV ij] ftlesa vykLdk]
gSA vejdaVd igkM+h ls fudyus okyh ufn;k¡ bl tkiku] fiQyhfial] nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k ds vU; }hi] baMksusf'k;k
viokg çfr:i ds vPNs mnkgj.k gSaA vkSj eysf'k;k rFkk fgan egklkxj esa E;k¡ekj] Jhyadk vkSj Hkkjr
III. tkyhuqek& tc eq[; ufn;k¡ ,d&nwljs ds lekukarj cgrh ds rVh; Hkkxksa esa vkrh gSA
gksa] rFkk lgk;d ufn;k¡ muls ledks.k ij feyrh gksa rks ‰ rV ij igq¡pus ij lqukeh rjaxsa cgqr vfèkd ek=kk esa ÅtkZ
,sls çfr:i dks tkyhuqek (Trellis) çfr:i dgrs gSaA fueZqDr djrh gSa vkSj leqæ dk ty rsth ls rVh; {ks=kksa esa ?kql
IV. dsUækfHkeq•&tc lHkh fn'kkvksa ls ufn;k¡ cgdj fdlh tkrk gS vkSj canjxkg 'kgjksa] dLcksa] fofHkUu volajpukvksa]
>hy ;k xrZ esa folftZr gksrh gSa] rks ,sls viokg çfr:i bekjrksa vkSj cfLr;ksa dks rckg djrk gSA
dks dsaækfHkeq• (Centripetal) çfr:i dgrs gSaA 74. (d)
73. (a)
O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k ds fuEufyf•r 'kgj ;equk unh ds rV ij fLFkr
O;k[;k% lqukeh% gS& ckxir] o`ankou (eFkqjk)] eFkqjk] vkxjk] cVs'oj (vkxjk)]
‰ Hkwdai vkSj Tokykeq•h ls egklkxjh; èkjkry esa vpkud gypy bVkok] dkyih (tkykSu)] gehjiqj] dkS'kkach vkSj ç;kxjktA
iSnk gksrh gS vkSj egklkxjh; ty dk vpkud foLFkkiu gksrk vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
gSA ifj.kkeLo:i ÅèokZèkj Å¡ph rjaxsa iSnk gksrh gSa ftUgsa lqukeh ‰ gkyk¡fd ck¡nk 'kgj dsu unh ds rV ij fLFkr gSA
(canjxkg ygjsa) ;k Hkwdaih; leqæh ygjsa dgk tkrk gSA
75. (c)
‰ lkekU;r% 'kq: esa fliQZ ,d ÅèokZèkj rjax gh iSnk gksrh gS]
ijarq dkykarj esa ty rjaxksa dh ,d Ük`a•yk cu tkrh gS] D;ksafd O;k[;k% lwrh oL=k m|ksx Hkkjr ds ikjaifjd m|ksxksa esa ls ,d gSA
çkjafHkd rjax dh Å¡ph f'k•j vkSj uhph xrZ ds chp ty çkphu vkSj eè;dky esa ;g dsoy ,d dqVhj m|ksx gqvk
viuk Lrj cuk, j•us dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA djrk FkkA
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 ‰ Hkkjr eyey ds mRiknu ds fy;s fo'o Hkj esa çfl¼ Fkk] tks ‰ ;g orZeku esa O;kogkfjd lg;ksx ds lkr {ks=kksa ij è;ku dsafær
lwrh diM+s] dSyhdksl] fpaV~t vkSj lwrh diM+s dh vU; fofHkUu djrk gS& leqæh lqj{kk] vkradokn dks jksduk] ekuoh;
fdLeksa ds fy;s cgqr gh mUur fdLe gSA lgk;rk vkSj vkink çcaèku] 'kkafr lapkyu] lSU; fpfdRlk]
‰ Hkkjr esa igyh vkèkqfud dikl fey o"kZ 1854 esa eqacbZ esa áweusVsfj;u ekbu ,D'ku vkSj lkbcj lqj{kkA
LFkkfir gqbZA bl 'kgj esa lwrh oL=k fuekZ.k dsaæ ds :i esa dbZ ‰ bldh 'kq#vkr vDrwcj] 2010 esa guksb]Z fo;ruke esa dh xbZ FkhA
ykHk FksA ;g xqtjkr vkSj egkjk"Vª ds dikl mRiknd {ks=kksa ds vkfl;ku ds j{kk eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd (ADMM)
cgqr djhc FkkA dPps dikl dks eqacbZ canjxkg ij yk;k tkrk ‰ vkfl;ku ds j{kk eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd (ADMM) vkfl;ku esa
Fkk ftls baXySaM ys tk;k tkrk FkkA blfy;s dikl eqacbZ 'kgj lokZsPp j{kk lykgdkj vkSj lgdkjh ra=k gSA
esa gh miyCèk FkhA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
‰ bls o"kZ 2006 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj blesa vkfl;ku
‰ dikl ,d ¶'kq¼¸ dPpk eky gS rFkk fofuekZ.k çfØ;k esa
ds 10 lnL; 'kkfey gSaA
bldk otu de ugha gksrk gSA blfy;s vU; dkjd tSls& dj?ks
‰ bldk mn~ns'; j{kk vkSj lqj{kk pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ikjnf'kZrk
dks pykus dh 'kfDr] Je] iwath ;k ck”kkj m|ksx dk LFkku
vkSj •qysiu dh vfèkd le> ds ekè;e ls vkilh fo'okl
fuèkkZfjr dj ldrs gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
dks c<+kok nsuk gSA
‰ orZeku esa lwrh oL=k m|ksx ds çeq• dsaæ vgenkckn] fHkoaMh]
77. (a)
lksykiqj] dksYgkiqj] ukxiqj] bankSj rFkk mTtSu gSaA ;s lHkh
dsaæ ikjaifjd dsaæ gSa vkSj dikl mRiknd {ks=kksa ds fudV O;k[;k% ,l-lh-vks- dkmafly vkWiQ gsM~l vkWiQ xouZesaV (SCO-
fLFkr gSA CHG) dh 19oha cSBd ds nkSjku lk>k ckS¼ fojklr ij
‰ rfeyukMq esa feyksa dh lcls cM+h la[;k gS vkSj muesa ls ,l-lh-vks- vkWuykbu çn'kZuh dk igyk laLdj.k ykWUp fd;k
vfèkdka'k oL=k ds ctk; lwr dk mRiknu djrs gSaA x;kA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
‰ mÙkj çns'k esa dkuiqj lwrh oL=k m|ksx dk lcls cM+k dsaæ ‰ ;g cSBd ubZ fnYyh esa vkHkklh çk:i (Virtual Format) esa
gSA vU; egÙoiw.kZ dsaæksa esa ls dqN eksnhuxj] gkFkjl] vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA
lgkjuiqj] vkxjk vkSj y•uÅ gSaA vr% dFku 3 lgh gSA ‰ Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr Jh ,e- osadS;k uk;Mw vkSj o"kZ 2020 esa

76. (b) 'kklukè;{kksa ds ,llhvks ifj"kn ds vè;{k] us ubZ fnYyh esa

ohfM;ks dkaÚsaflax çk:i esa vk;ksftr 'kklukè;{kksa ds ,l-lh-
O;k[;k% 14osa vkfl;ku j{kk eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd (ADMM-Plus) vks- ifj"kn (SCO-CHG) dh 19oha cSBd ds nkSjku lk>h ckS¼
vkWuykbu vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA bldh estckuh fo;ruke }kjk fojklr ij igyh SCO vkWuykbu varjkZ"Vªh; çn'kZuh dh
dh xbZ tks fd bl iQksje dk orZeku vè;{k gSA czqusbZ 'kq#vkr dhA
nk#Llyke dks o"kZ 2021 ds fy;s u, vè;{k ds :i esa pquk ‰ ;g SCO vkWuykbu varjkZ"Vªh; çn'kZuh] viuh rjg dh igyh
x;k gS izn'kZuh gS] ftls jk"Vªh; laxzgky;] ubZ fnYyh }kjk fodflr
‰ Hkkjr dk çfrfufèkÙo j{kk ea=kh jktukFk flag us fd;kA
vkSj D;wjsV fd;k x;k FkkA çn'kZuh dks nmvirtual.in ij ,DlSl
‰ o"kZ 2020 ADMM-PLUS iQksje dh LFkkiuk dk 10ok¡ o"kZ FkkA fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] ftlesa 3D LdSfuax] opZqvy Lisl mi;ksx
vkfl;ku ds j{kk eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd&Iyl (ADMM-Plus)% vkSj vU; vR;kèkqfud rduhdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA
‰ vkfl;ku ds j{kk eaf=k;ksa dh cSBd&Iyl (ADMM-Plus) ‰ vkxarqd 3&Mh vkHkklh çk:i esa xkaèkkj vkSj eFkqjk 'kSyh] ukyank]
vkfl;ku vkSj mlds vkB laokn lk>snkjksa dh ,d okf"kZd cSBd vejkorh] lkjukFk vkfn ds Hkkjrh; ckS¼ lainkvksa dks ns•
gS ftlesa 'kkfey gSa & vkWLVªsfy;k] phu] Hkkjr] tkiku] ldrs gSaA ikfdLrku gkWy esa djkph] ykgkSj] r{kf'kyk]
U;wthySaM] nf{k.k dksfj;k] :lh la?k vkSj la;qDr jkT; bLykekckn] Lokr vkSj is'kkoj ds laxzgky;ksa ls çHkko'kkyh
vesfjdkA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA xaèkkj dyk lkefxz;ksa ds laxzg ds ekè;e ls xkSre cq¼ ds
‰ ADMM-Plus vkfl;ku vkSj blds vkB laokn lg;ksxh ns'kksa thou vkSj ckS¼ dyk dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA LVsV vksfj,aVy vkVZ
ds lqj{kk lacaèkh j.kuhfrd laokn vkSj lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus E;wft;e] ekWLdks vkSj nqugqvkax ,dsMeh vkWiQ pkbuk dh oLrqvksa
ds fy;s mi;qDr eap çnku djrk gSA dks Hkh çnf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 21 21
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 78. (d) uxj fudk; (Municipal Corporations)%
O;k[;k% ¶csjs'khV 2¸ b”kjk;y dk ,d paæ fe'ku gSA vr% fodYi I. ;s ljdkjh fudk; gSa tks vkerkSj ij dsaæ vkSj jkT;
(d) lgh gSA ljdkj ds ckn 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa r`rh;d Lrj ds 'kklu dh
‰ bl çkstsDV dk mn~ns'; paæek ij rhu Lisl ØkÝV] ,d vkWfcZVj jpuk djrs gSaA
vkSj nks ySaMj Hkstuk gSA II. muds vius O;; vkSj vius jktLo lzksr gksrs gSaA
‰ bls vkus okys pkj o"kks± (2024) esa varfj{k esa ykWUp fd;s tkus III. uxj fudk; vkerkSj ij is;ty] LoPNrk] lhost vkSj
dh mEehn gSA Bksl vif'k"V çcaèku tSlh lsok,¡ çnku djrs gSaA dqN
‰ igyk csjs'khV 2 ;k ¶tsusfll¸] varfj{k ;ku SpaceIL vkSj cM+s uxj fudk; fo|ky;ksa dk lapkyu Hkh djrs gSaA
jkT; ds LokfeRo okys b”kjkby ,;jksLisl baMLVªht }kjk cuk;k 81. (d)
x;k FkkA blds Hkwfe ij mrjus ls dqN {k.k iwoZ csjslSV 1 O;k[;k% gjeV~Vu iou (MkWDVj)% ;g Hkweè; js•k ds mÙkj esa
nq?kZVukxzLr gks x;k FkkA if'pe vÚhdk esa cgus okyh lw•h] èkwy&Hkjh] mÙkj&iwohZ ;k
‰ la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] iwoZ lksfo;r la?k vkSj phu ds ckn iwohZ iou gSA vkæZ Hkweè;js•h; gok dh rqyuk esa bldh jkgrdkjh
btjkby paæek ij varfj{k ;ku mrkjus okyk pkSFkk jk"Vª cu 'kq"drk ds dkj.k bls ^MkWDVj* ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA vr%
tk,xkA fodYi (d) lgh gSA
79. (c) 82. (a)

O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; ewy ds oSf'od LokLF; fo'ks"kK vfuy lksuh dks O;k[;k% i{kkHk (Cirrus)
WHO iQkmaMs'ku ftls gky gh esa yk¡p fd;k x;k gS] ds igys ‰ ;s liQsn] uktqd rarqvksa] çk;% liQsn iSp ;k ladh.kZ ifV~V;ksa ds
eq[; dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k gS] tks :i esa fc•js gq, es?k gksrs gSaA ;s js'ksnkj (ckyksa tSls) vkSj@;k
fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds lkFk lac¼ gSA vr% fodYi (c) js'ke tSls pednkj utj vk ldrs gSaA
lgh gSA ‰ i{kkHk es?k lnSo fged.kksa ls cus gksrs gSa vkSj mudk ikjn'khZ
‰ Jh lksuh] ,d oSf'od LokLF; lsok daiuh okbfVªl ls iQkmaMs'ku :i ekStwn d.kksa dh i`Fkdrk dh fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
esa 'kkfey gq,] tgk¡ mUgksaus oSf'od laØked jksxksa ds çeq• ds vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
:i esa dk;Z fd;kA ‰ lw;kZsn; ls igys vkSj lw;kZLr ds ckn i{kkHk es?k çk;% pedhys]
WHO iQkmaMs'ku% ihys ;k yky jax ds utj vkrs gSaA
‰ ;g ,d Lora=k vuqnku çkIr djus okyh laLFkk gS ftldk
eq[;ky; ftusok] fLoV~”kjySaM esa gSA
‰ fo'o LokLF; laxBu (WHO) vkSj oSf'od LokLF; leqnk;
ds lkFk feydj dk;Z djus ds fy;s bldh 'kq#vkr ebZ 2020
esa dh x;h Fkh rkfd fo'o dh LokLF; lacaèkh pqukSfr;ksa dk
lkeuk fd;k tk ldsA
80. (b)

O;k[;k% y•uÅ uxj fuxe ckW.M ;k y•uÅ E;qfufliy ckW.M 200

djksM+ #i, ewY; dk gS ftldk mi;ksx jkT; ds ve`r
(AMRUT) vkSj LekVZ flVht fe'ku ds fy;s fd;k tk,xkA
83. (b)
vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
‰ ckW.M dks 2 fnlacj] 2020 dks ckWEcs LVkWd ,Dlpsat fyfeVsM O;k[;k% fgan egklkxj esa Tokjh; Øe fgan egklkxj vkSj blds
esa lwphc¼ fd;k x;kA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA vkl&ikl ds leqæksa esa LFkku&LFkku ds vuq:i i;kZIr fHkUu&fHkUu
‰ lwphc¼ gksus ds lkFk y•uÅ mÙkj Hkkjr dk ,slk igyk 'kgj gSA Hkkjr esa mPpre TokjHkkVs vjc lkxj esa vkrs gSa] fo'ks"k
vkSj lexz :i ls uok¡ 'kgj cu x;k gSA :i ls •aHkkr dh •kM+h esa fLFkr Hkkouxj (38 [email protected]
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 22 22
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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 ehVj) vkSj dPN dh •kM+h esa fLFkr uox<+h esa (25.5 ‰ cæhukFk ls Åij lrksiaFk Xysf'k;j esa vyduank dk lzksr
[email protected] ehVj)A vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA gSA vyduank esa èkkSyh vkSj fo".kq xaxk tks'kheB ;k fo".kq
‰ iwohZ lkxj esa Hkh Å¡ps TokjHkkVs vkrs gSa_ caxky dh •kM+h ds ç;kx esa feyrs gSaA
'kh"kZ ij lkxj }hi esa 17.4 iQhV (5.3 ehVj) vkSj vaMeku ‰ vyduank dh vU; lgk;d ufn;k¡ tSls fd fiaMj d.kZ ç;kx
lkxj ds mÙkjh Nksj ij ;kaxwu (jaxwu)] E;k¡ekj esa 18.4 iQhV esa feyrh gS tcfd eankfduh ;k dkyh xaxk bls #æ ç;kx
(5.6 ehVj) Å¡ps TokjHkkVs vkrs gSaA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA esa feyrh gS
fo'o esa lcls vfèkd Tokj% ‰ gfj}kj esa xaxk eSnkuh bykdksa esa ços'k djrh gSA ;gk¡ ls] ;g
‰ fo'o dk lcls Å¡pk TokjHkkVk dukMk esa fLFkr iQaMh dh
igys nf{k.k esa] fiQj nf{k.k&iwoZ vkSj iwoZ esa nks forjf.k;ksa]
vFkkZr~ HkkxhjFkh vkSj iÁ esa foHkkftr gksus ls igys cgrh gSA
•kM+h esa vkrk gS tks U;w CkzqfLod vkSj uksok LdksfV;k ds
chp fLFkr gSA ‰ xaxk mÙkjk•aM (110 fdeh-) vkSj mÙkj çns'k (1,450 fdeh-)]
fcgkj (445 fdeh-)] vkSj if'pe caxky (520 fdeh-) }kjk
‰ la;D q r jkT; vesfjdk esa lcls Å¡pk TokjHkkVk ,adjst] vykLdk
lk>k dh tkrh gSA xaxk csflu vdsys Hkkjr esa yxHkx 8.6
esa fn•rk gS tks 40 iQhV rd Å¡pk gksrk gSA
yk• oxZ fdeh- {ks=k dks doj djrk gSA
84. (b) ‰ xaxk unh ç.kkyh Hkkjr esa lcls cM+h gS ftlesa Øe'k% ckjgeklh
O;k[;k% edj js•k (Tropic of Capricorn) dbZ ns'kksa ls gksdj xqtjrh vkSj xSj&ckjgeklh ufn;k¡ mÙkj esa fgeky; vkSj nf{k.k esa çk;}hi
gSA os ns'k gSa& ls fudyrh gSaA
1. nf{k.k vesfjdk esa% fpyh] v”ks±Vhuk] iSjkXos vkSj czk”khyA ‰ lksu bldh çeq• nkfguh vksj dh lgk;d unh gSA jkexaxk]
xkserh] ?kk?kjk] xaMd] dkslh] vkSj egkuank dh egÙoiw.kZ
2. vÚhdk esa% ukehfc;k] cksRlokuk] nf{k.k vÚhdk]
rVorhZ lgk;d ufn;k¡ gSaA
eks”kkfEcd] esMkxkLdjA
‰ unh varr% lkxj }hi ds ikl caxky dh •kM+h esa •qn dks
3. vkWLVªsfy;k
cgk ys tkrh gSA
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA 86. (d)
85. (c)
O;k[;k% fofHkUu fn'kkvksa esa Hkkjr ds vafre fcanq bl çdkj gSa%
O;k[;k% xaxk unh ç.kkyh% I. lcls mÙkjh fcanq% fgeky; esa iwohZ dkjkdksje jsat esa
fLFkr fl;kfpu Xysf'k;j] bafnjk dkWy ds ikl] Hkkjr
dk lcls mÙkjh fcanq gSA
II. nf{k.kre fcanq% bafnjk ikWbaV Hkkjr dk lcls nf{k.kh
fcanq gS tks vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg ds fudksckj
f”kys esa fLFkr gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
III. eq[; Hkwfe ij lcls nf{k.kh fcanq% rfeyukMq esa
dU;kdqekjh Hkkjrh; eq[;Hkwfe dk lcls nf{k.kh fcanq gSA
IV. iwohZ fcanq% v#.kkpy çns'k esa fdfcFkq uke dk NksVk
'kgj Hkkjr dk lcls iwohZ fcanq gSA yksfgr unh fdfcFkw
‰ ;g mÙkjk•aM ds mÙkjdk'kh f”kys esa xkSeq• (3,900 ehVj) ds
ls Hkkjr esa ços'k djrh gSA
fudV xaxks=kh Xysf'k;j ls fudyrh gSA ;gk¡ ij bls HkkxhjFkh V. if'pere fcanq% Hkkjr dk lcls if'peh fcanq xqtjkr

ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ds dPN f”kys esa fLFkr NksVk lk xk¡o ?kqvkj eksrh gSA
‰ HkkxhjFkh] vyduank ls nsoç;kx esa feyrh gS_ blds ckn] 87. (a)
bls xaxk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bldh yackbZ 2,525 fdeh- O;k[;k% HkwoSKkfud :i ls mÙkj çns'k xksaMokukySaM dk Hkkx FkkA
gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 23 23
fnYyh&9 iz;kxjkt
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 ‰ xksaMokuk vFkok xksaMokukySaM çkphu egk}hi Fkk] ftlesa orZeku 'kq"d {ks=kksa dh vksj dk¡Vsnkj ouksa esa fey tkrs gSaA ;s ou
nf{k.k vesfjdk] vÚhdk] vjc] esMkxkLdj] Hkkjr] vkWLVªsfy;k çk;}hi vkSj mÙkj çns'k rFkk fcgkj ds eSnkuh bykdksa esa
,oa vaVkdZfVdk 'kkfey FksA ik, tkrs gSaA 'kq"d ½rq 'kq: gksrs gh bu o`{kksa ds iÙks
88. (b) fxj tkrs gSa vkSj ?kkl ds eSnku esa uXu o`{k •M+s jg tkrs
gSaA bu ouksa esa ik, tkus okys eq[; o`{kksa esa rsanw] iykl]
O;k[;k% 243,286 oxZ fdeh- ds {ks=kiQy ds lkFk mÙkj çns'k Hkkjr veyrkl] csy] •Sj vkSj vDlyoqM bR;kfn gSaA
dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k jkT; gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
90. (d)
‰ tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj] 199,581,477 dh tula[;k ds
lkFk ;g Hkkjr dk lcls vfèkd tula[;k okyk jkT; O;k[;k% djksM+ksa o"kZ igys ^bafM;u IysV* Hkweè; js•k ds nf{k.k esa
Hkh gSA fLFkr FkhA
‰ fuEufyf•r lwph esa {ks=kiQy ds lanHkZ esa Hkkjr ds 'kh"kZ 10 ‰ ;g vkdkj esa cgqr fo'kky Fkh vkSj ^vkWLVªsfy;u IysV* bldk

jkT; bl çdkj gSa% gh ,d Hkkx FkkA

‰ djksM+ksa o"kks± ds nkSjku ;g IysV dbZ fgLlksa esa VwV xbZ vkSj
jkT; {ks=kiQy
vkWLVªsfy;u IysV nf{k.k&iwoZ rFkk bafM;u IysV mÙkj fn'kk dh
jktLFkku 342,239 oxZ fdeh-
vksj f•ldus yxhA vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh ugha gSA
eè; çns'k 308,252 oxZ fdeh-
‰ bafM;u IysV dk ;g mÙkjxkeh xeu vHkh Hkh tkjh gS vkSj
egkjk"Vª 307,713 oxZ fdeh-
Hkkjrh; miegk}hi ds HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k ij bldk egÙoiw.kZ
mÙkj çns'k 243,286 oxZ fdeh- çHkko gSA
xqtjkr 196,244 oxZ fdeh- ‰ Hkkjrh; miegk}hi dh orZeku HkwoSKkfud lajpuk vkSj blds
dukZVd 191,791 oxZ fdeh- fØ;k'khy HkwvkÑfrd çØe eq[;r% vartZfur ,oa cfgtZfur
vkaèkz çns'k 191,791 oxZ fdeh- cyksa vkSj IysV ds {kSfrt lapj.k dh var%fØ;k ds ifj.kkeLo:i
vksfM'kk 155,707 oxZ fdeh- vfLrRo esa vk, gSaA vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gSA
NÙkhlx<+ 136,034 oxZ fdeh- vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
rfeyukMq 130,058 oxZ fdeh- 91. (c)
89. (c)
O;k[;k% isVªksfy;e ,oa çkÑfrd xSl ea=kky; us Hkkjr dk igyk
O;k[;k% m".kdfVcaèkh; i.kZikrh ou Hkkjr esa lcls O;kid ou gSaA ^100 vkWDVsu isVªksy* ykWUp fd;k gS ftls 'XP 100' ds uke
bUgsa ekulwu ou Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
‰ ;s mu {ks=kksa esa iQSyrs gSa tgk¡ o"kkZ 70-200 lseh- ds chp gksrh ‰ ;g çhfe;e xzsM isVªksy bafM;u vkW;y dkWikZsjs'ku ds eFkqjk
gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA fjiQkbujh (mÙkj çns'k) }kjk fodflr fd;k x;k gSA vr%
‰ ty dh miyCèkrk ds vkèkkj ij] bu ouksa dks vkæZ vkSj 'kq"d fodYi (c) lgh gSA
i.kZikrh esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA ‰ bls pqfuank isVªksy LVs'kuksa ij nks pj.kksa esa 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA
1. vkæZ i.kZikrh ou% vkæZ i.kZikrh ou mu {ks=kksa esa ik,  pj.k&1 esa 10 'kgj 'kkfey gksaxs&fnYyh] xq#xzke] uks,Mk]

tkrs gSa tgk¡ o"kkZ 100 ls 200 lsehVj gksrh gSA ;s ou vkxjk] t;iqj] paMhx<+] yqfèk;kuk] eqacbZ] iq.ks vkSj
mÙkj iwohZ jkT;ksa vkSj fgeky; ds fxjhin] if'peh ?kkV vgenkcknA
ds iwohZ <kyks vkSj vksfM'kk esa ik, tkrs gSaA lkxoku]  pj.k&2 esa psUubZ] csx a yq#] gSnjkckn] dksfPp vkSj dksydkrk
lky] 'kh'ke] gqjkZ] egqvk] vk¡oyk] lsesy] dqlqe 'kkfey gksaxsA
vkSj panu vkfn çtkfr;ksa ds o`{k bu ouksa esa ik, tkrs gSaA ‰ orZeku esa Hkkjr esa fuEufyf•r vkWDVsu xzsM miyCèk gSa& 87
2. 'kq"d i.kZikrh ou% 'kq"d i.kZikrh ou ns'k ds mu foLr`r (jsxqyj)] 89 (feM&xzsM)] vkSj 91-94 (çhfe;e)A gky gh
Hkkxksa esa feyrs gSa tgk¡ o"kkZ 70 ls 100 lsaVhehVj rd esa fganqLrku isVªksfy;e dkWikZsjs'ku fyfeVsM (HPCL) us ^vkWDVsu
gksrh gSA vkæZ {ks=kksa dh vksj ;s ou vkæZ i.kZikrh vkSj 99* ykWUp fd;k gSA

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 ‰ fo'o esa dsoy 6 ns'kksa& la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] teZuh] xzhl] baVjusV cSaMfoM~Fk dh •jhn djds xzkgdksa dks czkWMcSaM
baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k vkSj btjk;y ds ikl ^100 vkWDVsu isVªksy* lsokvksa dh vkiwfrZ ds fy;s ?kj rd dusfDVfoVh çnku
miyCèk gSaA djsxkA
100vkWDVsu isVªksy% II. ifCyd Ms V k vkW f iQl ,xz h xs V j (PDOA)] tks
‰ vkWDVsu jsfVax b±èku LFkkf;Ro dh eki (Measure of Fuel vFkkWjkbts'ku vkSj PDOs ds fy;s vdkmafVax tSlh
Stability) ds vkèkkj ij çnku dh tkrh gS] tks b±èku dh csgrj leqPp;u lsok,¡ (Aggregation Services) çnku djsxk
xq.koÙkk dk ladsr nsrh gS vkSj ;g ^ukWd* (Knock) ls cpus vkSj bl çdkj vafre miHkksDrk rd lsok,¡ çnku djus
dh b±èku dh {kerk dh eki gSA esa PDOs dh enn djsxk
III. ,si çnkrk] tks mi;ksxdÙkkZvksa dks iathÑr djus vkSj
‰ ukWfdax rc gksrk gS tc b±èku le;&iwoZ çTofyr fd;k tkrk
fudVLFk LFkkuksa esa baVjusV lsok dh çkfIr ds fy;s PM-
gS tks batu dh n{krk dks udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrk gS
WANI vuq:i okbZ&iQkbZ gkWVLikWV dh •kst djus vkSj
vkSj ;g batu ds fy;s gkfudkjd gks ldrk gSA
mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks bls n'kkZus ds fy;s] rFkk lkFk gh
‰ vkWDVsu la[;k ftruh mPp gksxh isVªksy }kjk ukWd dk çfrjksèk
laHkkfor czkWMcSaM mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds lR;kiu ds fy;s ,si
mruk vfèkd gksxkA dk fodkl djsxkA
‰ mPp çn'kZu dh ekax j•us okys yXtjh okguksa dks 100 vkWDVsu IV. ,d dsaæh; jftLVªh (Central Registry)] tks ,si çnkrk]
isVªksy dh vko';drk gksrh gSA PDOA vkSj PDOs ds fooj.k dk j•j•ko djsxhA
Hkkjr LVst&VI% vkjaHk esa bl dsaæh; jftLVªh dk j•j•ko lsaVj iQkWj
‰ 1 vçSy] 2020 dks Hkkjr BS-IV ;k Hkkjr LVst&IV ls Hkkjr MsoyiesaV vkWiQ VsyheSfVDl (C-DoT) }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
LVst&VI dh vksj vkxs c<+k tks okguksa ls mRltZu ds Lrj dks 93. (b)
de djus dh igy gSA çhfe;e xzsM b±èku ,d LoPN vkSj O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k us 17 fnlacj] 2020 dks Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k
gfjr b±èku (A Cleaner And Greener Fuel) gS tks okguksa ls ,f'k;k ds igys CykWdpsu&l{ke ih;j&Vw&ih;j (P2P)
fudyus okys çnw"kd (Pollutant) dks de djrk gSA :iQVkWi lkSj ÅtkZ O;kikj dh 'kq#vkr dhA vr% fodYi
92. (b) (b) lgh gSA
‰ ik;yV çkstsDV dks bafM;k LekVZ fxzM iQksje (ISGF)] ikoj
O;k[;k% ih,e ok.kh çèkkuea=kh okbZ&iQkbZ ,Dlsl usVodZ baVjiQsl
(Prime Minister's Wi-Fi Access Network Interface– PM–
ystj (vkWLVªsfy;k esa vofLFkr CykWdpsu çkS|ksfxdh Hkkxhnkj)
vkSj Abajyon Consulting }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA
WANI) dk 'kCn&la{ksi gSA bls 9 fnlacj] 2020 dks çèkkuea=kh
‰ ifj;kstuk dh estckuh mÙkj çns'k ikoj dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM
}kjk ykWUp fd;k x;k FkkA
(UPPCL)] eè;ka p y fo|q r forj.k fuxe fyfeVs M
‰ bldk mn~ns'; lkoZtfud okbZ&iQkbZ usVodZ ds ekè;e ls ns'k
(MVVNL) vkSj mÙkj çns'k U;w ,aM fjU;w,cy ,uthZ
esa czkWMcSaM dk çlkj djuk gSA PM- WANI jk"Vªh; fMftVy
MsosyiesaV ,tsalh (UPNEDA) }kjk dh tk,xhA
lapkj uhfr] 2018 (National Digital Communications
Policy– NDCP) ds ,d e”kcwr fMftVy lapkj cqfu;knh ifj;kstuk ds lacaèk esa eq[; ckrsa%
volajpuk dk fuekZ.k djus ds y{; dks vkxs ys tkrk gSA ‰ ;g IysViQkWeZ y•uÅ esa bekjrksa ij LFkkfir :iQVkWi lkSj ÅtkZ

vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA IysVksa ls mRiUu ÅtkZ ds O;kikj (•jhn vkSj fcØh) dh lqfoèkk
çnku djsxkA
‰ lapkj ea=kky; dk nwjlapkj foHkkx (DoT) ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u
‰ IysViQkWeZ dk mi;ksx ewY;ksa ds fuèkkZj.k] okLrfod le; esa
ds fy;s uksMy ,tsalh gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
ÅtkZ O;kikj dh fuxjkuh vkSj vfèk'ks"k lkSj ÅtkZ ysu nsu ds
‰ ih,e ok.kh volajpuk esa fuEufyf•r rÙo 'kkfey gksaxs%
fuiVku dks l{ke djus ds fy;s Hkh fd;k tk,xkA
I. ifCyd MsVk vkWfiQl (Public Data Office– PDO)] ‰ pw¡fd ;g ,d ik;yV ifj;kstuk gS] VªsfMax IysViQkWeZ dks 12
tks ih,e ok.kh ds vuqikyu ;ksX; okbZ&iQkbZ ,Dlsl çfrHkkfx;ksa ds lkFk ykWUp fd;k x;k gS ftlesa 9 xzkgd :iQVkWi
ikWbaV~l dh LFkkiuk] j•j•ko vkSj lapkyu djsxk rFkk lkSj (Prosumers) ds lkFk vkSj 3 xzkgd fcuk :iQVkWi lkSj
nwjlapkj lsok çnkrkvksa vkSj@;k baVjusV lsok çnkrkvksa ls (Net Buyers) ds lkFk layXu fd;s x, gSaA

641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 25 25
fnYyh&9 iz;kxjkt
nwjHkk"k % 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ‰ vxys rhu ekg ds fy;s dsoy ^ekWd VªsfMax* (èku ds fdlh 95. (d)
Hkh ysunsu ls jfgr) dh tk,xhA bl mn~ns'; gsrq çfrHkkfx;ksa O;k[;k% 22 fnlacj] 2020 dks fo'o cSad (World Bank) vkSj Hkkjr
dks ISGF }kjk vkWuykbu çf'k{k.k çnku fd;k x;k gSA ik;yV ljdkj us 500 fefy;u MkWyj (yxHkx 3,692 djksM+ #i,)
ifj;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ls çkIr ifj.kke vkSj bl vkèkkj ij ifjO;; ds gfjr jk"Vªh; jktekxZ xfy;kjk ifj;kstuk
vko';d vuq'kalkvksa dks UPPCL (Uttar Pradesh Power (GNHCP) ij gLrk{kj fd;sA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA
Corporation Limited) vkS j UPERC (Uttar Pradesh ‰ ;g ifj;kstuk jktLFkku] fgekpy çns'k] mÙkj çns'k vkSj vkaèkz
Electricity Regulatory Commission) dks çLrqr fd;k tk,xk çns'k jkT; esa lqjf{kr] gfjr rFkk çR;kLFkh jktekxks± (safe,
tks jkT; ds yksxksa ds chp P2P :iQVkWi lkSj ÅtkZ dks çksRlkgu green, and resilient highways) ds fuekZ.k dk mn~ns'; j•rh
nsxkA gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA
‰ CykWdpSu çkS|ksfxdh ds fy;s 'kqYd lacafèkr forj.k ,tsalh ds ‰ ifj;kstuk ds fy;s ½.k varjkZ"Vªh; iqufuZekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad
vdkmafVax jsV vkWiQ fjVuZ (ARR) esa olwy fd;k tk,xkA (IBRD) }kjk çnku fd;k tk,xkA blesa 5 o"kks± dh vuqxzg
‰ o"kZ 2019 esa flaxkiqj ds SP xzqi (,d ÅtkZ mi;ksfxrk lewg) vofèk lfgr 18.5 o"kZ dh ifjiDork vofèk layXu gSA
us vkfl;ku ds ÅtkZ O;kikj iQksje (ASEAN–Energy ‰ fo'o cSad us ekpZ 2020 esa bl ifj;kstuk dks ea”kwjh nhA
Business Forum) esa fo'o ds igys CykWdpsu&lapkfyr v{k;
ifj;kstuk ds ykHk%
ÅtkZ çek.ki=k ck”kkjksa esa ls ,d dks ykWUp fd;k FkkA ‰ ;g lqj{kk vkSj gfjr çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks eq[;èkkjk esa ykus rFkk
94. (c) ifj;kstuk ds fM”kkbu ,oa dk;kZUo;u esa tyok;q çR;kLFkh
igyqvksa dks Hkh tksM+ ldus dh lM+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ
O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k ljdkj Hkkjr dk igyk ^esxk ysnj ikdZ* dkuiqj
ea=kky; (MoRTH) dh {kerk dks c<+kok nsxkA
esa LFkkfir djsxhA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
‰ blds lkFk gh] ifj;kstuk ds rgr jk"Vªh; jktekxZ usVodZ ds
‰ bl ifj;kstuk ls 50,000 ls vfèkd jks”kxkj volj mRiUu gksus
dh vk'kk gS vkSj ;g vçR;{k :i ls 1.5 yk• ls vfèkd yxHkx 5,000 fdeh- dk vkink tksf•e ewY;kadu Hkh
fd;k tk,xkA
O;fDr;ksa dks vkthfodk çnku djsxhA
‰ ;g LFkkuh; vkSj lhekar lkexzh] vkS|ksfxd mi&mRikn vkSj vU;
‰ okf.kT; ea=kky; us ifj;kstuk ds fy;s LohÑfr çnku dj nh
ck;ksbathfu;fjax lekèkku tSls lqjf{kr vkSj gfjr çkS|ksfxdh
gSA esxk ysnj DyLVj MsoyiesaV ;wih fyfeVsM }kjk {ks=k fodkl
fMtkbuksa dk la;kstu dj fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd {ks=kksa esa 783 fdeh-
dk dk;Z fd;k tk,xkA
yacs jktekxZ ds fuekZ.k esa MoRTH dks lg;ksx nsxkA
esxk ysnj ikdZ%
fo'o cSad%
‰ ;g ifj;kstuk dkuiqj ds jebZiqj xk¡o esa 268 ,dM+ Hkwfe esa
‰ fo'o cSad lewg 5 laxBuksa dk la;kstu gS%
5850 djksM+ #i, dh ykxr ls dk;kZfUor dh tk,xhA
I. varjkZ"Vªh; iqufuZekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad (IBRD)
‰ ;g yxHkx 13000 djksM+ #i, dk fuos'k vkdf"kZr djsxhA
II. varjkZ"Vªh; fodkl la?k (IDA)
‰ ysnj ikdZ esa viuh bdkb;k¡ LFkkfir djus ds fy;s fuos'kdksa
III. varjkZ"Vªh; foÙk fuxe (IFC)
dks yxHkx 4,000 oxZ ehVj vkdkj ds vkS|ksfxd Hkw•aM çnku
IV. cgqi{kh; fuos'k xkjaVh ,tsalh (MIGA)
fd;s tk,axsA
V. fuos'k fooknksa ds fuiVku ds fy;s varjkZ"Vªh; dsæa (ICSID)
‰ ikdZ esa 150 ls vfèkd peZ 'kksèkuky; (Tanneries) LFkkfir
fd;s tk,axs vkSj ;gk¡ fofuekZ.k] çn'kZuh] gksVy tSlh vU; 96. (a)
lqfoèkk,¡ Hkh çnku dh tk,¡xhA O;k[;k% Mksoj tyMe:eè; ;k Mksoj LVªsV (Dover Strait) ftls
‰ ;g ysnj ikdZ ilZ] tSdsV] twrs tSls peZ mRiknksa dk dsaæ gksxk ,sfrgkfld :i ls ^Mksoj uSjks* (Dover Narrows) ds :i esa
ftUgsa varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkjksa esa fu;kZr fd;k tk,xkA tkuk tkrk gS] bafXy'k pSuy ds lcls ladh.kZ fgLls esa ekStwn
‰ çnw"k.k dks de djus vkSj lexz lkiQ&liQkbZ lqfuf'pr djus ,d LVªsV gS] tks pSuy rFkk mÙkj lkxj (North Sea) ds chp
ds fy;s ikdZ esa fofHkUu lqfoèkkvksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk,xkA dh lhek dks fpfÉr djrk gS vkSj bl çdkj xzsV fczVsu dks
‰ peZ mRiknksa ds fofuekZ.k ls xaxk unh ds çnw"k.k dks jksdus ds izQk¡l ls i`Fkd~ djrk gSA
fy;s ikdZ esa ,d ty mipkj la;a=k dh Hkh LFkkiuk dh tk,xhA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 26 26
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 99. (a)

O;k[;k% iape fØ;kdyki

‰ iape fØ;kdyki os lsok,¡ gSa tks uohu ,oa orZeku fopkjksa dh
jpuk] muds iquxZBu vkSj O;k[;k] vk¡dM+ks dh O;k[;k ,oa
ç;ksx rFkk ubZ çkS|ksfxdh ds ewY;kadu ij dsafær gksrh gSA
‰ çk;% ^Lo.kZ dkWyj* dgs tkus okys ;s O;olk; r`rh;d {ks=k
dk ,d vkSj mi&foHkkx gS tks ofj"B O;kolkf;d dk;Zdkfj;ksa]
ljdkjh vfèkdkfj;ksa] vuqlaèkku oSKkfudksa] foÙk ,oa fofèk
ijke'kZnkrkvksa bR;kfn dh fo'ks"k vkSj mPp osru okyh dq'kyrkvksa
dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
‰ mUur vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh lajpuk esa mudk egÙo mudh la[;k
ls dgha vfèkd gksrk gSA
97. (c)
100. (d)
O;k[;k% lqihfj;j >hy O;k[;k% vjkoyh ds if'pe esa ywuh jktLFkku dk lcls cM+k unh
1. lrgh {ks=kiQy ds vkèkkj ij lqihfj;j >hy fo'o dh ra=k gSA
rkts ikuh dh lcls cM+h >hy gSA vr% fodYi (c) ‰ ;g iq"dj ds ikl nks èkkjkvksa (ljLorh vkSj lkcjerh) ds
lgh gSA :i esa mRiUu gksrh gS tks xksfoanx<+ ds fudV vkil esa fey
2. lqihfj;j >hy dk lrgh {ks=kiQy 31,700 oxZ ehy ;k tkrh gSaA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
82,170 oxZ fdyksehVj gSA ‰ ;gk¡ ls ;g unh vjkoyh igkfM+;ksa ls fudyrh gS vkSj ywuh
3. lqihfj;j >hy i`Foh dh lrg ij dqy rkts ty dk dgykrh gSA
10» lekfgr djrh gSA ‰ ryokM+k rd ;g if'pe dh vksj cgrh gS vkSj fiQj dPN esa
98. (d) tk feyrh gSA
‰ ;g 495 fdyksehVj dh nwjh r; djrh gSA
O;k[;k% ;g lR; gS fd vfèkdka'k mixzgksa dks i`Foh ls iwoZ fn'kk esa
ykWUp fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd mixzgksa dks i`Foh ds osx dh ‰ ;g laiw.kZ unh ç.kkyh vYidkfyd gSA

çkjafHkd xfr feyrh gS] D;ksafd i`Foh if'pe ls iwoZ fn'kk dh 101. (d)
vksj ?kwerh gSA ;g çkjafHkd c<+kok mixzgksa dks ykWUp djus ds O;k[;k% nDdu dk iBkj Hkkjr ds çeq• Hkw&Hkkxksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj
fy;s mi;ksx fd;s tkus okys jkWdsV dh ykxr esa dVkSrh djus bldk vè;;u Hkkjr ds HkkSfrd Hkkxksa esa ls ,d HkkSfrd Hkkx
esa enn djrk gSA ysfdu ;g ykHk dsoy ,sls mixzgksa ds fy;s ds :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA blds if'pe esa if'peh ?kkV vkSj
fy;k tk ldrk gS] tks Hkw&fLFkj d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;s tkrs gSa iwoZ esa iwohZ ?kkV gSA
;k tks Hkweè; js•k ds lekukarj i`Foh dk pDdj yxkrs gSaA ‰ if'peh ?kkV lrr~ ioZr Ük`a•yk,¡ gSa ftUgsa lákfæ dgk tkrk
‰ os vU; mixzg gSa tks èkzqoh; d{kkvksa esa mÙkj&nf{k.k fn'kk esa gS] tcfd iwohZ ?kkV •afMr ioZr 'k`a•yk,¡ gSaA
Hkweè; js•k ds ikj tkrs gSa vkSj ftudk mi;ksx eq[; :i ls
‰ if'peh ?kkV vkSj iwohZ ?kkV uhyfxjh igkfM+;ksa ij feyrs gSa]
eSfiax ds fy;s ;k dHkh&dHkh tklwlh ds fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA tks rhu jkT;ksa rfeyukMq] dsjy ,oa dukZVd dh lhek ij
bl rjg ds mixzgksa dks vke rkSj ij nf{k.k ;k mÙkj fn'kk esa fLFkr gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ykWUp fd;k tkrk gS vkSj blfy;s os i`Foh ds ?kw.kZu dk ykHk
‰ uhyfxfj igkfM+;ksa dh pksfV;k¡ vkl&ikl ds eSnkuh bykdksa ls
ugha mBk ldrs gSaA
yxHkx 1,800 ls 2,400 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ rd gSa] muesa ls ,d
vr% (A) xyr gS] ysfdu (R) lgh gSA MksMk csV~Vk (2,637 ehVj)] rfeyukMq dk mPpre f'k•j gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 27 27
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 ‰ uhyfxfj igkfM+;k¡ if'peh ?kkVh dk fgLlk gSa vkSj uks;j unh Hkhe ifj;kstuk ikouk egkjk"Vª
bUgsa dukZVd ds iBkj (mÙkj) rFkk iky?kkV bUgsa vUukeykbZ] Hkæk ifj;kstuk Hkæk dukZVd
ikyuh igkfM+;ksa (nf{k.k) ls vyx djrh gSaA
pacy ifj;kstuk pacy eè; çns'k] jktLFkku
‰ uhyfxfj igkfM+;k¡ vkl&ikl ds eSnkuh {ks=k ds eqdkcys BaMh
nqygLrh ifj;kstuk fpukc tEew vkSj d'ehj
vkSj ue gSaA Åijh igkfM+;k¡ ygjnkj ?kkl LFkyksa dk fuekZ.k
nqxkZ cSjkt ifj;kstuk nkeksnj >kj•aM] if'pe caxky
djrh gSaA
Fkhu MSe ifj;kstuk jkoh iatkc
‰ bl {ks=k esa pk;] fludksuk (ftldh Nky ls fDouhu mRikfnr
fjgan ifj;kstuk fjgan mÙkj çns'k
gksrk gS)] dkWiQh ,oa lfCt;k¡ cM+s iSekus ij mxkbZ tkrh gSaA
esV~Vwj ifj;kstuk dkosjh rfeyukMq
102. (d)
dkdjkikj ifj;kstuk rkIrh xqtjkr
O;k[;k% ekrkVhyk ifj;kstuk csrok eè; çns'k] mÙkj çns'k
mdkbZ ifj;kstuk rkIrh xqtjkr
lyky ifj;kstuk fpukc tEew vkSj d'ehj
jkexaxk ifj;kstuk jkexaxk mÙkj çns'k
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
105. (a)

O;k[;k%

‰ cfy;k lcls iwohZ ,oa 'kkeyh mÙkj çns'k dk lcls if'peh

f”kyk gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
‰ lkFk gh lgkjuiqj lcls mÙkjh ,oa lksuHkæ mÙkj çns'k dk lcls
nf{k.kh f”kyk gSA
103. (c)

O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k] usiky ds lkFk 599.3 fdyksehVj yach lhek

lk>k djrk gS tks jkT; ds lkr f”kyksa ds lkFk yxrh gSA
‰ ;s f”kys Øe'k% if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj ihyhHkhr] y•heiqj
•hjh] cgjkbp] JkoLrh] cyjkeiqj] fl¼kFkZuxj ,oa
egjktxat gSaA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
104. (b)

O;k[;k% fuEufyf•r rkfydk esa dqN çeq• unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk,¡

lacafèkr ufn;ksa vkSj jkT;ksa ds lkFk mfYyf•r gSaA ‰ ekufp=k ls Li"V gS fd iwoZ ls if'pe dh vksj jktèkkfu;ksa dk
ifj;kstuk unh jkT; lgh vuqØe gS& bEiQky > vkb”kksy > gSnjkckn > HkksikyA
Hkk•M+k ukaxy cgqmn~ns'kh; lryqt iatkc] gfj;k.kk] fgekpy vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
ifj;kstukA çns'k] jktLFkku 106. (c)
ck.klkxj ifj;kstuk lksu fcgkj] eè; çns'k] mÙkj O;k[;k% Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlèa kku ifj"kn (ICAR) us çfrf"Br varjkZ"Vªh;
çns'k
jktk Hkwfecksy fo'o e`nk fnol iqjLdkj 2020 çkIr fd;k]
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 28 28
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ftls •k| vkSj Ñf"k laxBu (FAO)] jkse }kjk çnku fd;k ‰ Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] •M+xiqj LikdZ dk;ZØe ds
tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s jk"Vªh; leUo; laLFkku gSA
‰ bl iqjLdkj dh ?kks"k.kk fo'o e`nk fnol (5 fnlacj] 2020)
¶Me:¸ vkdkj dk tkyd (Damaru Shaped Lattice)%
ij FAO }kjk ,d lekjksg esa dh xbZ FkhA
‰ ICAR dks o"kZ 2019 ds lekjksg esa LoLFk e`nk ds egÙo ds
ckjs esa tkx:drk c<+kus ds fy;s viuh çfrc¼rk ds fy;s bl
iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gS ftlus ¶feV~Vh ds dVko
dks jksdks] gekjk Hkfo"; cpkvks¸ (Stop soil erosion, save
our future) ds rgr feV~Vh ds dVko dh leL;k dks lacksfèkr
fd;k FkkA
‰ ICAR us 1-7 fnlacj] 2019 ds nkSjku oSKkfudksa] ljdkjh
laLFkkuksa] vfèkdkfj;ksa] Nk=kksa] fdlkuksa vkSj vke turk lfgr
13,000 ls vfèkd yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk 5 fnlacj] 2019 ‰ LikdZ ifj;kstuk ds rgr IIT dkuiqj ds 'kksèkdrkZvksa us ,d
dks lks'ky ehfM;k vfHk;ku ¶SOIL & voj enj vFkZ¸ esa ^Me:* vkdkj ls çsfjr ,d tkyd fodflr fd;k gS] tks
¶e`nk LokLF; tkx:drk lIrkg¸ dk vk;kstu fd;kA gkbZ&LihM Vªsuksa] xqIr iuMqfCc;ksa vkSj gsyhdkWIVj jksVj esa okbczs'ku
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn (ICAR)% vkblksys'ku esa o`gr vuqç;ksx n'kkZrk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh
‰ ckxokuh] ekfRL;dh vkSj i'kq foKku lfgr Ñf"k ds {ks=k esa ugha gSA
leUo;u] ekxZn'kZu vkSj vuqlaèkku çcaèku ,oa f'k{kk ds fy;s ‰ jsr&?kM+h ds vkdkj dh ;g esVk&lajpuk fo|qrpqacdh; vkSj
;g ifj"kn Hkkjr dk ,d lokZsPp fudk; gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ds èofu rjaxksa dk vR;ar csgrj vo'kks"k.k djrh gSA
Ñf"k ea=kky; ds varxZr Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ,oa f'k{kk foHkkx gsrq ‰ lS¼kafrd :i ls ;g vo'kks"k.k vkWfIVdy ;k ,dkWfLVd Mksesu
Hkkjrh; Ñf"k vuqlaèkku ifj"kn ,d Lok;Ùk'kklh laLFkk gSA esa fdlh oLrq dh ¶vn`';rk¸ çnku dj ldrk gSA
jktk Hkwfecksy fo'o e`nk fnol iqjLdkj % ‰ ;|fi ekStwnk tkyd vkSj fØLVy&vkèkkfjr iQksuksfud eVsfj;y
‰ jktk Hkwfecksy fo'o e`nk fnol iqjLdkj dh 'kq#vkr o"kZ 2018 dh viuh O;kogkfjd lhek,¡ gSa vkSj bl çdkj vkerkSj ij os
esa fo'o e`nk fnol lekjksg dk vk;kstu djds e`nk ds ckjs vko`fÙk ds ,d ladh.kZ cSaM esa mi;ksx fd;s tk ldrs gSaA
esa tkx:drk c<+kus okys liQy ;k çHkko'kkyh O;fDr;ksa ;k ‰ okbczsfVax ehfM;e dh dBksjrk lw{e&lajpuk ds fu;a=k.k ls
laLFkkuksa dks lEekfur djus ds fy;s dh xbZ FkhA bl iqjLdkj tkyd ds jsxqyj lkekU; guhdkWEc lajpuk ls vkWDtsfVd
dk çk;kstu FkkbZySaM }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA guhdkWEc lajpuk ds :i esa vkewypwy :i ls cny tkrh gSA
107. (a) ‰ ;g fu;a=k.k LokLF; m|ksx ds fy;s mi;ksxh lcosoysaFk besftax

O;k[;k% vdknfed vkSj vuqlaèkku lg;ksx lao¼Zu ;kstuk {kerk ds u, vYVªklksfud midj.kksa ds fodkl dk volj
(Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research çnku djrk gSA
Collaboration– SPARC)% 108. (b)
‰ ;g ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; dh igy gS tks Hkkjrh;
laLFkkuksa vkSj lokZsRÑ"V oSf'od laLFkkuksa ds chp vdknfed O;k[;k% 7 fnlacj] 2020 dks tkjh fd;s x, tyok;q ifjorZu
vkSj vuqlaèkku lg;ksx ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr ds mPp f'k{kk çn'kZu lwpdkad (Climate Change Performance Index)
laLFkkuksa ds vuqlaèkku ikfjra=k dks csgrj cukus dk y{; j•rk 2021 esa Hkkjr dks 10osa LFkku ij j•k x;k gSA blesa Hkkjr
gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA dk dqy Ldksj 63.98 jgkA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
‰ Hkkjr ljdkj us vxLr 2018 esa 418 djksM+ #i, ds dqy ‰ ;g yxkrkj nwljh ckj gS tc Hkkjr 58 vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa csgrj

ifjO;; ds lkFk 31 ekpZ] 2020 rd ds fy;s bl ifj;kstuk tyok;q çn'kZu djus okys 'kh"kZ 10 ns'kksa ds :i esa mHkjk gSA
ds dk;kZUo;u dh eatwjh nh FkhA ‰ bl lwpdkad esa fiNys o"kZ Hkkjr 9osa LFkku ij FkkA

641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 29 29
fnYyh&9 iz;kxjkt
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ‰ CCPI 2020 dh rjg] o"kZ 2021 jSafdax esa Hkh igys rhu LFkku ‰ bl dk;ZØe dks okjk.klh ds lsokiqjh vkSj ckjkxkWao CykWd esa
fjDr jgs gSa] D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh ns'k isfjl tyok;q y{;ksa Xykscy (167 xzke iapk;r) rFkk pankSyh ds fu;erkckn ,oa lkgcxat
okfe±x dks 2 ;k 1.5 fMxzh lsfYl;l ls de j•us dh j.kuhfr CykWd (160 xzke iapk;r) esa lapkfyr fd;k x;kA vkthfodk
dks iw.kZ :i ykxw djus esa l{ke ugha jgk gSA lao¼Zu ds fy;s dkS'ky vfèkxzg.k vkSj Kku tkx:drk&
‰ lwpdkad esa LohMu] ;wukbVsM fdaxMe] MsuekdZ]eksjDdks] ladYi (Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness
ukWoZs] fpyh 'kkfey 'kh"kZ ns'k gSA for Livelihood Promotion– SANKALP)%
‰ lkFk gh blesa ;g Hkh è;ku nsus fd ckr gS fd G20 ns'kksa esa ‰ ;g dkS'ky fodkl ,oa m|ferk ea=kky; (MSDE) dk dk;ZØe
ls iwjs ;wjksih; la?k lfgr ;wds vkSj Hkkjr dks gh dsoy mPp gS ftls fo'o cSad ls ½.k lgk;rk çkIr gSA vr% dFku 1
çn'kZu djus okys ns'kksa esa LFkku fn;k x;k gSA lgh ugha gSA
‰ la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] dukMk] nf{k.k dksfj;k] :l] ‰ bldk mn~ns'; laLFkkuksa dks l'kDr cukus] csgrj ck”kkj laidZ
vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj lÅnh vjc lfgr Ng vU; G20 ns'kksa LFkkfir djus vkSj lekt ds oafpr oxks± dks layXu djus ds
dks lwpdkad esa lcls uhps LFkku fn;k x;k gSA ekè;e ls xq.kkRed vkSj ek=kkRed :i ls vYidkfyd dkS'ky
‰ ;g nwljh ckj gS tc vesfjdk dks bl lwpdkad esa lcls fupyk çf'k{k.k lqèkkj djuk gSA
LFkku çkIr gqvk gSA ‰ SANKALP dks 19 tuojh] 2018 dks ykWUp fd;k x;k Fkk
‰ tks lcls cM+k ,sfrgkfld çnw"kd gS] mls lcls uhps LFkku fn;k vkSj bldh dk;kZofèk ekpZ 2023 rd dh gSA
x;k gSA ‰ ifj;kstuk ds ifj.kkeksa dh eki ;k ewY;kadu MSDE vkSj fo'o
‰ phu] tks orZeku esa xzhugkml xSlksa dk lcls cM+k mRltZd gS] cSad ds chp lger ifj.kke :ijs•k (Results Framework)
CCPI 2021 dh fjiksVZ esa 33osa LFkku ij gSA vkS j la f orj.k fya DM la d s rd (Disbursement Linked
tyok;q ifjorZu çn'kZu lwpdkad (CCPI)% Indicators– DLIs) ds ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA
‰ ;g fjiksVZ teZuokWp] U;w DykbesV baLVhV~;wV vkSj DykbesV ,D'ku iwoZ&vfèkxe dh ekU;rk (Recognition of Prior Learning–
usVodZ }kjk okf"kZd :i ls o"kZ 2005 ls çdkf'kr dh tk RPL) dk;ZØe%
jgh gSA ‰ bldk mn~ns'; dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds csgrj fu;kstu vkSj
‰ lwpdkad 57 ns'kksa vkSj ;wjksih; la?k ds tyok;q laj{k.k çn'kZu dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s fodsaæhdj.k vkSj LFkkuh; 'kklu dks c<+kok
ij utj j•us ds fy;s ,d Lora=k fuxjkuh midj.k gSA ;s ns'k nsuk gSA
feydj oSf'od xzhugkml xSl mRltZu dk 90» ls vfèkd ‰ bldk dk;kZUo;u jk"Vªh; dkS'ky fodkl fuxe (National Skill
dk mRiknu djrs gSaA Development Corporation– NSDC) }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA
‰ bldk mn~ns'; varjkZ"Vªh; tyok;q jktuhfr esa ikjnf'kZrk dks ‰ ;g vkSipkfjd ekè;e ls brj vfèkxzghr f'k{k.k ds ewY; dks
c<+kuk vkSj tyok;q laj{k.k ds ç;klksa rFkk O;fDrxr ns'kksa }kjk ekU;rk nsrk gS vkSj ,d O;fDr ds dkS'ky ds fy;s ,d ljdkjh
dh xbZ çxfr dh rqyuk esa l{ke cukrk gSA çek.k&i=k çnku djrk gSA
‰ CCPI pkj Jsf.k;ksa dks ns•rk gS] ftlesa 14 ladr s d gSAa xzhugkml ‰ bl dk;ZØe esa mEehnokjksa dks fMftVy vkSj foÙkh; lk{kjrk
xSl mRltZu (lexz Ldksj dk 40%)] uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ (20%)] dh voèkkj.kkvksa ds fy;s rhu o"kZ rd fu%'kqYd tksf•e ,oa
ÅtkZ mi;ksx (20%) vkSj tyok;q uhfr (20%)A vkdfLed chek dojst Hkh çnku fd;k tk,xkA
109. (d) ‰ RPL dk;ZØe esa Hkkx ysus ds fy;s fdlh Hkh mEehnokj ls
O;k[;k% dkS'ky fodkl dk;ZØeksa dh csgrj ;kstukc¼rk vkSj dksbZ 'kqYd ugha fy;k tkrk gS cfYd çR;sd liQy rFkk
dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s fodsaæhdj.k rFkk LFkkuh; ç'kklu dks c<+kok çek.k&i=k çkIr djus okys mEehnokj dks 500 #i, çnku fd;s
nsus ds dkS'ky fodkl vkSj m|ferk ea=kky; ds n`f"Vdks.k ds tkrs gSaA
vuq:i gh iapk;rh jkt foHkkx (DoPR) ds lg;ksx ls Jfedksa ‰ MSDE jkT; dkS'ky fodkl fe'kuksa (State Skill Development
ds fy;s ,d fo'ks"k iwoZ&vfèkxe dh ekU;rk (Recognition Missions– SSDMs)@f”kyk dkS'ky lfefr;ksa (DSCs) ds p;u
of Prior Learning– RPL) dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu pankSyh ,oa vkSj ifj;kstuk dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa (PIAs) dh lgk;rk rFkk
okjk.klh esa fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh ugha gSA dk;ZØe ds liQy fu"iknu dh lqfoèkk çnku dj jgk gSA

641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 30 30
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ‰ bl ;kstuk dh fuxjkuh dkS'ky fodkl ,oa m|ferk ea=kky; ‰ ;g eafnj vius okf"kZd vk;kstu ds fy;s fo[;kr gS tgk¡ cM+h
rFkk iapk;rh jkt ea=kky; }kjk dh tk jgh gS] blds fy;s la[;k esa J¼kyqvksa dk vkxeu gksrk gSA
mUgsa iapk;rh jkt funs'kky;] mÙkj çns'k vkSj jkT; dkS'ky mÙkj çns'k esa gky esa fd;s x, uke ifjorZu%
fodkl fe'ku] mÙkj çns'k }kjk lgk;rk çnku dh tk jgh gSA
I. okjk.klh ds fudV fLFkr eqxyljk; taD'ku dk uke
‰ ;g igy ^xzke iapk;r ds Lrj ij dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk* ds
cnydj nhu n;ky mikè;k; taD'ku fd;k x;k gSA
,d O;kid dk;ZØe dk fgLlk gS tks ns'k Hkj ds fofHkUu
II. bykgkckn taD'ku dk uke cnydj ç;kxjkt taD'ku fd;k
f”kyksa dh xzke iapk;rksa esa laxfBr rjhds ls RPL dks ekU;rk
x;k gSA
nsus dh 'kq#vkr ij dsafær gSA
III. bykgkckn 'kgj dk uke cnydj ç;kxjkt jkeckx fd;k
egÙo% x;k gSA
‰ gekjs ns'k dh yxHkx 70 çfr'kr tula[;k xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa
IV. bykgkckn fNodh dk uke cnydj ç;kxjkt fNodh dj
jgrh gS] blfy;s f”kyk dkS'ky fodkl ;kstukvksa dh liQyrk
fn;k x;k gSA
ds fy;s f”kyk iapk;rksa dk lekos'k egÙoiw.kZ gSA lkFk gh bl
V. ç;kx ?kkV dk uke cnydj ç;kxjkt laxe j•k x;k gSA
çdkj dk lekos'ku dkS'ky Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds ekeys esa ,d
O;kid Lrj dh lqfoèkk çnku djsxkA 111. (b)
‰ RPL ns'k esa igys ls ekStwn dk;Zcy ds dkS'ky dks ekudhÑr O;k[;k% yo.krk dk ÅèokZèkj forj.k
<k¡ps ds lkFk lajsf•r djsxk rFkk mEehnokjksa dks vkRefo'okl] ‰ xgjkbZ ds lkFk yo.krk esa ifjorZu vkrk gSA
lEeku rFkk ekU;rk çnku çnku djsxkA ‰ lrg dh yo.krk ty ds ciQZ ;k ok"i ds :i esa ifjofrZr
‰ ;qokvksa ds vukSipkfjd f'k{k.k dh fu;e&fu"Brk dks leFkZu gks tkus ds dkj.k c<+ tkrh gS ;k rkts ty ds fey tkus tkus
feyus ls LFkk;h vkthfodk ds volj ryk'kus tSls muds ç;kl ls ?kVrh gS] tSlk fd ufn;ksa ds }kjk gksrk gSA
iwjs gksaxs vkSj nwljksa ds Kku ij vkèkkfjr fo'ks"kkfèkdkj tSlh
‰ xgjkbZ esa yo.krk yxHkx fu;r gksrh gS] D;ksafd ogk¡ fdlh
vlekurkvksa dks de fd;k tk ldsxkA
çdkj ls ikuh dk ^ßkl* ;k ued dh ek=kk esa ^o`f¼* ugha
‰ ;g çf'k{kqvksa ds dkS'ky dks igpkuus ds vykok mUgsa xzke
gksrhA
iapk;r ds fodkl dk;ks± ds dkj.k l`ftr dk;Z voljksa ls Hkh
‰ de yo.krk okyk ty mPp yo.krk o ?kuRo okys ty ds
tksM+sxkA
Åij fLFkr gksrk gSA
‰ iapk;r Lrj ij dkS'ky fodkl dh ;kstuk ls lgh vFkks± esa
‰ yo.krk lkèkkj.kr% xgjkbZ ds lkFk c<+rh gS vkSj ,d Li"V
fodsaæhdj.k esa ;ksxnku feysxkA
{ks=k] ftls gSyksDykbZu dgk tkrk gS] esa rhozrk ls c<+rh gSA
110. (a)
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% Hkkjr ljdkj us mÙkj çns'k ds okjk.klh jsyos •aM ij ‰ ;fn vU; dkjd fLFkj jgsa rks leqæh ty dh c<+rh yo.krk
çrkix<+ vkSj ckn'kkgiqj ds chp fLFkr nkanwiqj jsyos LVs'ku dk mlds ?kuRo dks c<+krh gSA mPp yo.krk okyk leqæh ty]
uke cnydj ¶ek¡ ckjkgh nsoh èkke¸ djus dks eatwjh ns nhA çk;% de yo.krk okys ty ds uhps cSB tkrk gSA blls yo.krk
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA dk Lrjhdj.k gks tkrk gSA
‰ mÙkj çns'k jkT; ljdkj us tu&vkdka{kkvksa ij fopkj djrs gq,
112. (a)
LFkkuh; èkkfeZd ,oa vkè;kfRed LFkyksa dks fpfÉr djus dh
çfØ;k 'kq: dh gS ftlds varxZr bl uke ifjorZu dh laLrqfr O;k[;k% fgan egklkxj esa lcls xgjs fcanq dks tkok xrZ (lqaMk xrZ)
dh xbZ FkhA ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA tkok xrZ dh vfèkdre xgjkbZ 24,440
iQhV (7,450 ehVj) gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
ek¡ ckjkgh nsoh%
‰ jsyos LVs'ku ls yxHkx Ng fdyksehVj nwj ijljkeiqj xk¡o esa 113. (a)
fLFkr ¶ek¡ ckjkgh nsoh¸ eafnj ds uke ij bl LVs'ku dk O;k[;k% ok;qeaMy vyx&vyx ?kuRo vkSj rkieku okyh fofHkUu
ukedj.k fd;k x;k gSA ijrksa ls cuk gksrk gSA
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ‰ ;s gSa% {kksHkeaMy] lerkieaMy] eè;eaMy] ok;qeaMy vkSj
cfge±MyA
‰ ok;qeaMy dk lcls fupyk fgLlk {kksHkeaMy gS ftlesa rkieku
Å¡pkbZ c<+us ds lkFk ?kVrk tkrk gSA bl ijr esa cknyksa dk
fuekZ.k gksrk gS vkSj vfèkdka'k ekSleh ?kVuk,¡ blh ijr esa ?kfVr
gksrh gSaA
‰ {kksHkeaMy ds Åij ckny%
 dHkh&dHkh dqN fo'ks"k çdkj ds ciQZ ls fufeZr ckny
lerki eaMy esa fn•kbZ iM+ tkrs gSa] ftUgsa ^fljl ckny*
vFkok ^enj vkWiQ iyZ DykmM* vFkok ^uSfØ;l DykmM*
(Nacreous Clouds) Hkh dgrs gSaA ;s 15 ls 35 fdyksehVj
ds eè; esa mRiUu gksrs gSaA
eè;eaMy dh Åijh lhek vFkkZr~ 80 fdeh- dh Å¡pkbZ


ij yxHkx rkieku& 100ºC rd gks tkrk gSA bl U;wure

rkieku dh lhek dks eslksikWt (Mesopause) dgrs gSa]
tks vk;ueaMy dks eè;eaMy ls vyx djrh gSA blds 114. (a)
Åij tkus ij rkieku esa iqu% o`f¼ gksrh gS] tksfd ^rkih;
O;k[;k% ok;qeaMyh; vkSj i`Foh dh lrg ÅtkZ dk çeq• lzksr lw;Z
çfrykseu* dh fLFkfr dks n'kkZrk gS] D;ksafd blds uhps
gSA lw;Z ls fudyus okyh ÅtkZ dks y?kq&rjax lkSj fofdj.k ds
de rkieku rFkk Åij vfèkd rkieku jgrk gSA
:i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
 bl eaMy esa xfeZ;ksa ds fnuksa esa èkzqoksa ds Åij ^ukWDVhyqlsaV
‰ dqN lkSj fofdj.k cknyksa ls ifjyf{kr gksrk gS vkSj dqN
cknyksa* vFkok ^fu'kknhIr cknyksa* dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA bu ok;qeaMy }kjk vo'kksf"kr dj fy;k tkrk gS rFkk dqN i`Foh
cknyksa dk fuekZ.k mYdkfiaM ds èkwyd.kksa rFkk laoguh; dh lrg rd igq¡prk gSA i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy ls xqtjus okyk
çfØ;k }kjk Åij ykbZ xbZ vkæZrk ds lg;ksx ls la?kuu lkSj fofdj.k ciQZ ;k vU; lrgksa ls ijkofrZr gksrk gS ;k i`Foh
}kjk gksrk gSA dh lrg }kjk vo'kksf"kr gksrk gSA
‰ vkus okyh y?kq&rjax fofdj.k ds vo'kks"k.k ls mRiUu Å"ek
vr% dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA
dks nh?kZ rjax fofdj.k ds :i esa mRlftZr fd;k tkrk gSA
‰ lerkieaMy% {kksHkeaMy ds Åij dk Hkkx lerkieaMy dgykrk
‰ vfèkdka'k mRlftZr nh?kZ rjax fofdj.k fuEu ok;qeaMy dks xeZ
gS vkSj ;g yxHkx 50 fdeh dh Å¡pkbZ rd iQSyk gSA djrk gS] tks cnys esa i`Foh lrg dks xeZ djrk gSA bl çdkj]
‰ lerkieaMy dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa vks”kksu gekjk ok;qeaMy T;knkrj lw;Z ls vçR;{k :i ls vkSj çR;{k
xSl dh ijr gksrh gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA :i ls i`Foh dh lrg ls çkIr fofdj.k }kjk xeZ gksrk gSA
rkieku forj.k vr% vfHkdFku (A) vkSj dkj.k (R) nksuksa lgh gSa rFkk
‰ okrkoj.k dh fofHkUu ijrksa esa rkieku ifjorZu ,d leku ugha (R), (A) dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
gksrk gSA 115. (b)
‰ ;g {kksHkeaMy ,oa eè;eaMy esa Å¡pkbZ c<+us ds lkFk ?kVrk gS O;k[;k% e•kZ ?kkVh dsaæ'kkflr çns'k yn~nk• ds iwohZ Hkkx esa
vkSj lerkieaMy rFkk {kksHkeaMy esa Å¡pkbZ c<+us ds lkFk c<+rk fLFkr gSA ;g vius VªSfdax ekxks± ds fy;s cgqr çfl¼ gSA vr%
gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA fodYi (b) lgh gSA
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Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
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 ‰ ;g vius euksje n`';ksa] frCcrh ckS¼ eBksa ,oa nwjnjkt ds xk¡oksa mÙkj çns'k esjB] xkft;kckn] xkSrecq¼uxj] 14,826
ds fy;s Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA cqyan'kgj] ckxir] gkiqM+] 'kkeyh]
‰ ?kqearq ifjokj bl ?kkVh esa vius ;kd pjkrs gSaA vkSj eqtÝiQjuxj (8 f”kys)
‰ e•kZ ?kkVh esa Vspk xksEik lcls egÙoiw.kZ ckS¼ eB gSA jktLFkku vyoj ,oa Hkjriqj (2 f”kys) 13,447
116. (d) fnYyh laiw.kZ jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k 1,483

O;k[;k% uhfr njkZ 5070 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij ,d varjkZ"Vªh; mPp vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
ioZrh; njkZ gS vkSj ;g mÙkjk•aM dks nf{k.kh frCcr (phu ds 118. (d)
,d Lok;Ùk {ks=k) ls tksM+rk gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA O;k[;k% if'pe dh vksj cgus okyh dqN egÙoiw.kZ ufn;k¡ ueZnk]
‰ 'khr ½rq esa ;g ciQZ ls <dk jgrk gSA rkih (;k rkIrh)] lkcjerh] ekgh ,oa ywuh gSaA
117. (c) ‰ iwoZ esa cgus okyh egÙoiw.kZ ufn;ksa esa nkeksnj] Lo.kZjs•k] egkunh]
#f'kdqY;k] xksnkojh] Ñ".kk] isUukj] dkosjh ,oa oSxbZ 'kkfey gSaA
O;k[;k%
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
‰ #f'kdqY;k unh%
 ;g vksfM'kk ds u;kx<+ igkfM+;ksa ls fudyrh gS vkSj blds
ekè;e ls cgrh gSA bldh yackbZ 165 fdeh- gSA
 ;g fpYdk >hy (,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h •kjs ikuh dh
>hy) ds lehi cgrh gSA
 #f'kdqY;k unh ds eqgkus dks vksfyo fjMys dNqvksa ds
lkewfgd gSfpax ds fy;s tkuk tkrk gSA ;g fo'o esa ik,
tkus okys lHkh leqæh dNqvksa esa lcls NksVk gksrk gS ,oa
lcls vfèkd la[;k esa ik;k tkrk gSA
 vksfyo fjMys dNq, dsoy ç'kkar] vVykafVd ,oa fgan

‰ jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k (NCR) Hkkjr esa ,d dsaæh; ;kstuk {ks=k egklkxj ds m".kdfVcaèkh; {ks=k esa ik, tkrs gSaA
gSA ;g ewy ,u-lh-Vh-&fnYyh {ks=k ds lkFk varj&jkT;h; {ks=kh; 119. (b)
;kstuk ,oa fodkl dk ,d vuwBk mnkgj.k gSA
O;k[;k% vYikbu ou
‰ bl {ks=k ds fodkl dh ;kstuk cukus ds fy;s NCR ,oa lac¼
 bl çdkj ds ou fgeky; ds lHkh Hkkxksa esa 2,900 ls
jk"Vªh; jktèkkuh {ks=k ;kstuk cksMZ o"kZ 1985 esa cuk;k x;k FkkA
3,500 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij ik, tkrs gSaA
‰ vfèklwfpr ,ulhvkj vfèklwfpr esa iwjk ,u-lh-Vh-&fnYyh]
 bu ouksa dk foLrkj v#.kkpy çns'k esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA
gfj;k.kk] mÙkj çns'k vkSj jktLFkku ds dqN f”kys 'kkfey gSa]
 nsonkj] Lçwl] cq#a'k (jksMksMsaMªksu)] giq"kk (tqfuij)]
tks yxHkx 55,083 oxZ fdeh- ds {ks=k dks 'kkfey djrk gSA
eèkqekyrh (guhldy)] Toj jksèk (vkVZsfefl;k) bR;kfn
‰ mi&{ks=kokj fooj.k fuEukuqlkj gSa%
vYikbu ouksa esa ik, tkus okyh egÙoiw.kZ o`{k çtkfr;k¡ gSaA
{ks=kiQy ‰ m".kdfVcaèkh; lnkcgkj ou%
mi&{ks=k f”kyksa ds uke
(oxZ fdeh- esa)  ;s ou if'peh ?kkV ds if'peh <yku (lákfæ)] iwokZsÙkj
gfj;k.kk iQjhnkckn] xqM+xkao] esokr] jksgrd] 25,327 {ks=k dh igkfM+;ksa vkSj vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg esa
lksuhir] jsokM+h] >Ttj] ikuhir] ik, tkrs gSaA
iyoy] fHkokuh (pj•h nknjh  ;s Å".k vkSj vkæZ {ks=kksa esa ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ okf"kZd o"kZ.k
lfgr)] egsaæx<+] than ,oa djuky 200 lseh- ls vfèkd vkSj vkSlr okf"kZd rkieku 22 fMxzh
(13 f”kys) lsfYl;l ls vfèkd gksA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 33 33
fnYyh&9 iz;kxjkt
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
  ;gk¡ ds o`{kksa ds iÙks fxjus] iQwy vkSj iQy f•yus dk ‰ ekufp=k ls Li"V gS fd iwoZ ls if'pe dh vksj igkfM+;ksa dk
dksbZ fuf'pr le; ugha gksrkA bu taxyksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh lgh vuqØe% jktegy igkfM+;k¡ > x<+tkr igkfM+;k¡ > egknso
çeq• o`{k çtkfr;ksa esa 'kh'ke] egksxuh] ,suh] vkcuwl igkfM+;k¡ > lrekyk igkfM+;k¡ gSaA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
vkfn 'kkfey gSaA 121. (c)
‰ 'kadqèkkjh ou%
O;k[;k% gky gh esa mÙkj çns'k jkT; ljdkj us fo'o Hkj esa Fkk:
 ;s ou fgeky;h ioZrh; {ks=k esa ik, tkrs gSa tgk¡ rkieku
tutkfr dh vuwBh laLÑfr ds fy;s ,d ;kstuk 'kq: dh gSA
de gksrk gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
 bu ouksa esa Å¡ps o`{k ik, tkrs gSa ftudh ifÙk;k¡ lwbZ&tSlh ‰ bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; bu tutkrh; xk¡oksa dks i;ZVu ekufp=k
gksrh gSa vkSj 'kk•k,¡ uhps dh vksj <yh jgrh gSa rkfd ij n'kkZuk gSA blls jks”kxkj ds volj iSnk gksaxs vkSj {ks=k esa
mudh 'kk•kvksa ls fge uhps fxj ldsaA tutkrh; vkcknh dks vkfFkZd Lora=krk çnku gksxhA
 buesa cht ds ctk; 'kadq gksrs gSa ftUgsa ftEuksLieZ
;kstuk ds lacaèk esa%
(Gymnosperms) dgk tkrk gSA ‰ mÙkj çns'k ljdkj usiky dh varjkZ"Vªh; lhek okys f”kyksa
 Hkkjr esa ;s ou mÙkjk•aM] fgekpy çns'k vkSj tEew&d'ehj cyjkeiqj] cgjkbp] y•heiqj vkSj ihyhHkhr esa fLFkr Fkk:
esa ik, tkrs gSaA tutkrh; yksxksa ds xk¡oksa dks mÙkj çns'k ou foHkkx dh ^gkseLVs
‰ eSaxzkso ou% ;kstuk* ls tksM+us dh ;kstuk ij dk;Z dj jgh gSA eq[; :i
 eSaxzkso ;k dPN ouLifr yo.kh; nyny (Salt Marshes)] ls i;ZVdksa dks Fkk: tutkfr ds çkÑfrd fuokl LFkku (tSls&
Tokjh; •kfM+;k¡ (Tidal Creeks)] iad&eSnku (Mudflats) taxyksa ls ,df=kr ?kkl ls cuh ikjaifjd >ksifM+;ksa vkfn) esa
vkSj unh&eqgkuksa (Estuaries) ds fdukjs fodflr gksrs gSaA jgus dk vuqHko çnku djuk gS
buesa o`{kksa dh dbZ yo.k&lfg".kq çtkfr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA ‰ mÙkj çns'k ou foHkkx Fkk: tutkrh; yksxksa dks i;ZVdksa ls

 Hkkjr esa eSaxzkso ou 6,740 oxZ fdeh- {ks=k esa foLr`r gSa
okrkZyki djus ds fy;s çf'kf{kr djsxkA os vkfnokfl;ksa dks
tks fo'o ds eSaxzkso ouksa dk 7 çfr'kr gSA LoPNrk vkSj lqj{kk ds igyqvksa ls ifjfpr djkus ds fy;s Hkh
çksRlkfgr djsaxsA
 ;s vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg vkSj if'pe caxky ds
lqanjou esa vR;fèkd fodflr gSaA Fkk:%
‰ Fkk: leqnk; f'kokfyd ;k fuEu fgeky; dh ioZr J`a•yk ds
 ;s egkunh] xksnkojh vkSj Ñ".k MsYVk {ks=k esa Hkh ik, tkrs gSAa
chp rjkbZ {ks=k ls lacafèkr gSA rjkbZ mÙkjh Hkkjr vkSj usiky ds
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA chp fgeky; dh fupyh Jsf.k;ksa ds lgk;d {ks=k fLFkr gSA
120. (b) ‰ Fkk: leqnk; ds yksx Hkkjr vkSj usiky nksuksa ns'kksa esa ik, tkrs
gSa] Hkkjrh; rjkbZ {ks=k esa ;s vfèkdk'kar% mÙkjk•aM] mÙkj çns'k
O;k[;k%
vkSj fcgkj esa jgrs gSaA
‰ ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd ^Fkk:* 'kCn dh mRifÙk ^LFkfoj* (Sthavir)
ls gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS ckS¼ èkeZ dh Fksjokn 'kk•k@
ijaijk dks ekuus okykA
‰ bl leqnk; ds vfèkdka'k yksx viuh vkthfodk ds fy;s ouksa
ij vkfJr jgrs gSa gkyk¡fd leqnk; ds dqN yksx Ñf"k Hkh
djrs gSaA
‰ bl leqnk; ds yksx Fkk: Hkk"kk (fgan&vk;Z milewg dh ,d
Hkk"kk) dh vyx&vyx cksfy;k¡ vkSj fganh] mnZw rFkk voèkh
Hkk"kk ds fHkUu :[email protected] dk ç;ksx cksypky ds fy;s
djrs gSaA
‰ mÙkj Hkkjr ds fganw jhfr&fjoktksa dh vis{kk Fkk: leqnk; dh
efgykvksa dks laifÙk esa vfèkd e”kcwr vfèkdkj çkIr gSaA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 34 34
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
122. (d) ‰ AQI, 0-500 ds iSekus ij j•dj ok;q dh xq.koÙkk dks ekirk
gS] tgk¡ AQI, 50 ls de gksrk gS] ogk¡ ok;q dh xq.koÙkk dks
O;k[;k% E;k¡ekj ukSlsuk }kjk vkfèkdkfjd :i ls vkbZ-,u-,l- flaèkqohj
larks"ktud ekuk tkrk gSA
iuMqCch dks vius csM+s esa 'kkfey dj fy;k x;k gSA ;g E;k¡ekj
dh ukSlsuk ds 'kL=kkxkj esa 'kkfey dh xbZ igyh iuMqCch gSA 124. (c)
vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA O;k[;k% jk"Vªh; LoPN xaxk fe'ku (National Mission for Clean
‰ bls ,d j{kk lg;ksx ds rgr vDrwcj 2020 esa Hkkjr }kjk Ganga) vkSj xaxk unh csflu çcaèku rFkk vè;;u dsaæ (Center
E;k¡ekj dh ukSlsuk dks çnku fd;k x;k FkkA vr% dFku 2 for Ganga River Basin Management and Studies–
lgh ugha gSA cGanga) ds la;qDr rRokoèkku esa 5osa Hkkjr ty çHkko f'k•j
‰ E;k¡ekj Hkkjr ds lkefjd iM+ksfl;ksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj Hkkjr ds lEesyu (India Water Impact Summit– IWIS) dk vk;kstu
dbZ mÙkj&iwohZ jkT;ksa ds lkFk 1,640 fdyksehVj yach lhekjs•k fd;k x;kA vr% dFku 1 vkSj dFku 3 lgh ugha gSaA
‰ bl opZqvy f'k•j lEesyu dk mn~?kkVu ty 'kfDr ea=kky;
(725 fdyksehVj yach leqæh lhekjs•k) lk>k djrk gSA
}kjk fd;k x;kA
vkbZ-,u-,l- flaèkqohj% ‰ ;g ik¡p fnolh; f'k•j lEesyu Fkk ftlesa fo'o ds fo'ks"kKksa
‰ bls 25 fnlacj] 2020 dks E;k¡ekj }kjk E;k¡ekj ukSlsuk dh 73oha
vkSj f'k{kkfonksa us Hkkx fy;kA
o"kZxk¡B ij deh'ku fd;k x;kA ‰ IWIS 2020 dk mn~ns'; ufn;ksa vkSj ty fudk;ksa dk O;kid
‰ E;k¡ekj ukSlsuk }kjk vkbZ-,u-,l- flaèkqohj dks ;w-,e-,l- feU;s fo'ys"k.k rFkk lexz çcaèku djuk FkkA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
fFk,¡•Fkq (UMS Minye Theinkhathu) uke fn;k x;k gSA ‰ f'k•j lEesyu dk eq[; fo"k; ;k Fkhe Fkh&¶vFkZ xaxk & unh
‰ ;g ,d Mhty&bysfDVªd fdyks&Dykl iuMqCch gS tks o"kZ laj{k.k lefUor fodkl ij è;ku dsafær djus ds lkFk LFkkuh;
1988 ls Hkkjrh; ukSlsuk esa dk;Zjr jgk FkkA ufn;ksa vkSj ty fudk;ksa dk O;kid fo'ys"k.k vkSj lexz çcaèku¸
‰ bl iuMqCch dks ljdkjh LokfeRo okyh j{kk tgk”k fuekZrk vr% dFku 4 lgh gSA
daiuh fganqLrku f'ki;kMZ fyfeVsM (HSL) }kjk uohu :i ‰ bl volj ij ukWosft;u bafLVV~;wV vkWiQ ck;ksbdkWueh fjlpZ
çnku fd;k x;k FkkA us cGanga ds lkFk Hkkjr esa xkn çcaèku <k¡ps (Sludge
123. (d) Management Framework) ds fodkl ds fy;s ,d le>kSrk
Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd;sA
O;k[;k% ikfdLrku dh lkaLÑfrd jktèkkuh ykgkSj dks ;w,l ,;j
jk"Vªh; LoPN xaxk fe'ku (NMCG)%
DokfyVh baMsDl (AQI) }kjk ok;q çnw"k.k ij tkjh fd;s x,
‰ ;g ^xaxk unh ds dk;kdYi] laj{k.k vkSj çcaèku ds fy;s jk"Vªh;
vk¡dM+ksa ds vuqlkj fo'o ds lcls çnwf"kr 'kgj ds :i esa
ifj"kn* (National Council for Rejuvenation, Protection,
'kh"kZ LFkku ij j•k x;k gSA ykgkSj dks ikfVZdqysV esV~Vj (PM) and Management of River Ganga) dk dk;kZUo;u foax gS]
jsfVax esa 423 jsfVax feyhA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA ftls jk"Vªh; xaxk ifj"kn (National Ganga Council o"kZ 2016
‰ bl lwph esa ubZ fnYyh dks 229 ih,e jsfVax ds lkFk f}rh; esa LFkkfir] ftlus NRGBA dh txg yh) ds :i esa Hkh
LFkku] tcfd usiky dh jktèkkuh dkBekaMw dks 178 ih,e jsfVax tkuk tkrk gSA
ds lkFk r`rh; LFkku çkIr gqvk gSA ‰ NMCG dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 2011 esa ,d iathÑr lkslkbVh ds
;w,l ,;j DokfyVh baMsDl% :i esa dh xbZ FkhA
‰ bl ok;q xq.koÙkk lwpdkad (Air Quality Index) dks vesfjdh ‰ ;g f}Lrjh; çcaèku lajpuk j•rk gS ftlesa 'kklh ifj"kn vkSj
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k ,tsalh (EPA) }kjk tkjh fd;k x;k gS rkfd dk;Zdkjh lfefr 'kkfey gSaA
yksxksa }kjk ;g vuqeku yxk;k tk lds fd ok;q esa lk¡l ysuk xaxk unh csflu çcaèku rFkk vè;;u dsaæ (cGanga)%
lqjf{kr gS ;k ughA ‰ bls o"kZ 2016 esa Hkkjrh; çkS|ksfxdh laLFkku] dkuiqj (IITK)
‰ ;g] EPA }kjk fofu;fer ik¡p çeq• çnw"kdksa ds Lrj ij esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA
vkèkkfjr gS% ”kehuh Lrj dk vks”kksu] ikfVZdqysV eSVj (PM2.5)] ‰ ;g xaxk unh csflu ds lrr fodkl ds fy;s MsVk laxzg] MsVk
dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM] lYiQj MkbvkWDlkbM vkSj ukbVªkstu l`tu vkSj Kku ,oa lwpuk ds çlkj ds fy;s mRÑ"Vrk dsaæ
MkbvkWDlkbMA (Centre of Excellence) gSA

641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 35 35
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 ‰ ;g xaxk unh csflu ds lanHkZ esa vius fuèkkZfjr y{;ksa vkSj 127. (c)
mn~ns';ksa ds lkFk jk"Vªh; LoPN xaxk fe'ku (NMCG) ds fy;s O;k[;k% ^yhfFk;e f=kdks.k* nf{k.k vesfjdk esa fLFkr gS rFkk ,aMht
,d O;kid fFkad&VSad ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA ioZr dk ,d {ks=k gS] ftlesa fpyh] vts±Vhuk vkSj cksfyfo;k
125. (a) ns'k 'kkfey gSaA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
‰ f=kdks.k esa fyfFk;e fofHkUu ued iSu esa dsafær gS tks vVkdkek
O;k[;k% egkjk"Vª ds lksykiqj f”kys ds ifjrsokM+h xk¡o ds ,d çkFkfed
fo|ky; ds f'k{kd j.kthr flag fnlkys dks okf"kZd oSf'od jsfxLrku vkSj iM+kslh 'kq"d {ks=kksa esa ekStwn gSaA
f'k{kd iqjLdkj] 2020 ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA vr% fodYi 128. (d)
(a) lgh gSA O;k[;k% dkaxks] lsusxy vkSj xSafc;k vÚhdk dh ufn;k¡ gSaA
‰ fnlkys dks ;g iqjLdkj ckfydkvksa dh f'k{kk dks c<+kok nsus
‰ dSe:u unh ugha gSA ekmaV dSe:u fxuh dh •kM+h ds ikl
vkSj D;wvkj (QR) dksMsM iqLrdksa ds ekè;e ls f'k{kk ds {ks=k cqvk 'kgj ds cxy esa dSe:u ds nf{k.k if'pe {ks=k esa ,d
esa fd;s x, ç;klksa ds fy;s fn;k x;k gSA lfØ; Tokykeq•h gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
‰ bl iqjLdkj dks thrus okys og çFke Hkkjrh; gSa] ftlesa 1
129. (a)
fefy;u MkWyj (7.4 djksM+ #i,) dh iqjLdkj jkf'k 'kkfey gSA
‰ Jh fnlkys (vk;q 32 o"kZ) o"kZ 2014 esa odhZ iQkmaMs'ku }kjk O;k[;k% oksYxk unh :l esa ekLdks ds mÙkj&if'pe esa oYnkbZ fgYl
LFkkfir okf"kZd iqjLdkj ds fy;s fo'o ds 10 iQkbufyLVksa esa ls fudyrh gSA
ls ,d fotsrk ds :i esa mHkjs] ftUgksaus ,d vlkèkkj.k f'k{kd ‰ ;g dSfLi;u lkxj ds nf{k.k esa yxHkx 3692 fdyksehVj dh

dks is'ks esa mRÑ"V ;ksxnku fn;kA nwjh ij gSA

‰ muds gLr{ksiksa dk ;g çHkko gqvk gS fd orZeku esa xk¡o esa ‰ ;g ;wjksi dh lcls yach unh gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA

fdlh Hkh fd'kksj dk fookg fuèkkZfjr vk;q ls igys ugha gksrk 130. (a)
gS vkSj ifjoknhokM+h esa f”kyk ifj"kn çkFkfed fo|ky; esa
O;k[;k% mÙkjk•aM esa fLFkr egÙoiw.kZ fgeun%
ckfydkvksa dh 100» mifLFkfr gSA
‰ Jh fnlkys dk ekuuk gS fd f'k{kd fo'o ds okLrfod ifjorZu
dqekš {ks=k esa fgeun x<+oky {ks=k esa fgeun
fuekZrk gSa] blfy;s mUgksaus ?kks"k.kk dh fd og vius vfo'oluh; diQuh canjiw¡N
dk;Z dk leFkZu djus ds fy;s viuh iqjLdkj jkf'k dk 50» eSdrksyh pkSjkckM+h ced
VkWi 10 iQkbufyLV ds lkFk lk>k djsaxsA feyke nwukfxjh
‰ igyh ckj] Xykscy Vhpj çkbt] 2020 fotsrk dh ?kks"k.kk fczfV'k ukfed Mksfj;kuh
vfHkusrk&çlkjd LVhiQu ÚkbZ }kjk yanu esa çkÑfrd bfrgkl jkye xaxks=kh
laxzgky; ls çlkfjr ,d vkHkklh lekjksg esa dh xbZ FkhA fiaMkjh •rfyax
126. (c) lqanj<qaxk uank nsoh fgeun lewg
& lrksiaFk o HkkxhjFkh •dZ
O;k[;k% teZu ekSlefon~ vYÚsM osxuj us o"kZ 1912 esa ¶egk}hih; & fgijk ced
foLFkkiu fl¼kar¸ ds :i esa ,d O;kid rdZ dk çLrko j•kA
vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA fgLij fgeun leqæ ry ls 3124 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij fLFkr
‰ ;g fl¼kar egk}hi vkSj egklkxjksa ds forj.k ls lacafèkr FkkA
,d mPp ioZr fgeun gS tks ikd vfèkÑr Hkkjrh; {ks=k
fxyfxr&ckfYVLrku esa fLFkr gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
‰ osxuj ds vuqlkj] vkt ds lHkh egk}hi bl Hkw•aM ds Hkkx
131. (c)
Fks rFkk ;g ,d cM+s egklkxj ls f?kjs gq, FksA
‰ mUgksaus bl cM+s egk}hi dks iSaft;k (PANGEA) uke fn;k] O;k[;k% Hkkjr dh dqy rV js•k 7516.6 fdeh- gS] ftlesa ls eq[;
ftldk vFkZ gS laiw.kZ i`FohA fo'kky egklkxj dks iSaFkkyklk Hkwfe dh rV js•k 5422.6 fdeh- yach gS tcfd }hi {ks=k dh
(PANTHALASSA) dgk] ftldk vFkZ gS ty gh tyA rV js•k 2,094 fdeh- gSA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 36 36
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
 ‰ xqtjkr (1214.7 fdeh-)] egkjk"Vª (652.6 fdeh-)] xksok 133. (c)
(101 fdeh-)] dukZVd (280 fdeh-)] dsjy (569.7 fdeh-)]
O;k[;k%
rfeyukMq (906.9 fdeh-)] vkaèkz çns'k (973.7 fdeh-)]
vksfM'kk (476.7 fdeh-) vkSj if'pe caxky (157.5 fdeh-)
Hkkjr ds 9 rVh; jkT; gSa ogha neu ,oa nho (42.2 fdeh-)
vkSj iqn~nqpsjh (47.6 fdeh) nks rVh; dsaæ'kkflr çns'k gSaA vr%
fodYi (c) lgh gSA
‰ nks }hi {ks=k vaMeku ,oa fudksckj }hi lewg (1962 fdeh-)
vkSj y{k}hi }hi lewg (132 fdeh-) gSaA
‰ Hkkjr esa rVh; f”kyksa dh dqy la[;k& eq[; Hkwfe ds Hkkjr esa
66 rVh; f”kys] vaMeku ,oa fudksckj esa 3 vkSj y{k}hi esa
1 gSA ‰ ekufp=k ls Li"V gS fd if'pe ls iwoZ dh vksj xaxk unh dh

132. (b) lgk;d ufn;ksa dk vuqØe bl çdkj gS& ;equk > jkexaxk >
xaMd > dkslhA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% oU;tho laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1972 Hkkjr dh laln }kjk
ikfjr ,d vfèkfu;e gS tks 9 flracj] 1972 dks ykxw gqvkA 134. (a)
vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% fuEufyf•r rkfydk la{ksi esa Hkkjr dh çeq• Ñf"k Økafr;ksa
‰ ;g Hkkjr esa oU;thoksa ds laj{k.k vkSj lqj{kk ds fy;s eq[;
dk fooj.k nsrh gSA
dkuwuh <k¡pk çnku djrk gSA
‰ vfèkfu;e ds nks eq[; mn~ns'; gSa&
tud@lacafèkr
Økafr mRikn
O;fDr
I. vfèkfu;e dh vuqlwph esa lwphc¼ yqIrçk; çtkfr;ksa dks
çksVhu Økafr mPp mRiknu çèkkuea=kh ujsaæ eksnh
laj{k.k çnku djukA (çkS|ksfxdh&lapkfyr vkSj foÙk ea=kh v#.k
II. jk"Vªh; m|kuksa] vHk;kj.;ksa vkSj can {ks=kksa ds :i esa oxhZÑr nwljh gfjr Økafr) tsVyh }kjk ;g uke
ns'k ds lajf{kr {ks=kksa dks dkuwuh lgk;rk çnku djukA fn;k x;k
‰ blesa Ng vuqlwph gSa tks iwjs Hkkjr ij ykxw gSaA ihyh Økafr frygu mRiknu lSe fi=kksnk
‰ vuqlwph I ls V tkuojksa ls lacafèkr gS] tcfd vuqlwph VI
(fo'ks"kdj ljlksa
vkSj lwjteq•h)
esa Js.khc¼ fd;s x, ikSèkksa ds Ñf"kxr mi;ksx ,oa okf.kT;hdj.k
dkyh Økafr isVªksfy;e mRikn &
ij çfrcaèk yxk;k x;k gSA
uhyh Økafr eNyh mRiknu MkW- v#.k Ñ".ku
‰ fufnZ"V ikSèkksa dh •srh vkSj O;kikj nksuksa gh dsoy l{ke çkfèkdkjh
Hkwjh Økafr peM+k@dksdks@ &
dh iwoZ vuqefr ls fd;s tk ldrs gSaA xSj&ikjaifjd mRiknA
‰ vuqlwph VI çtkfr;ksa dh •srh ds fy;s] ,d ykblsal dh Lo.kZ js'kk Økafr twV mRiknu &
vko';drk gksxhA Lo.kZ Økafr iQy@'kgn mRiknu@ fuiZ• rqrts (Nirpakh
‰ bl vfèkfu;e dks o"kZ 1991 esa cM+s iSekus ij la'kksfèkr fd;k ckxokuh fodkl Tuteja)
x;k gS ftlls naMksa dks vkSj vfèkd dBksj cuk fn;k x;k gS èkwlj Økafr moZjd &
rFkk ikSèkksa dh fof'k"V çtkfr;ksa dh lqj{kk ,oa taxyh tkuojksa xqykch Økafr I;kt mRiknu@ nqxZs'k iVsy
dh yqIrçk; çtkfr;ksa ds laj{k.k ds fy;s Hkh çkoèkku fd;s iQkekZ L ;w f VdYl @
x, gSaA >haxk mRiknuA

641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 37 37
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 136. (d)
lnkcgkj Økafr lexz Ñf"k mRiknu 11oha
iapo"khZ; ;kstuk
ij 'kq: fd;k x;k O;k[;k% fojkV dksgyh] lfpu rsanqydj ds fjdkWMZ dks rksM+rs gq,
jtr Økafr vaMk mRiknu @ dqDdqV bafnjk xkaèkh 22,000 ju iwjs djus okys lcls rst cYysckt cu x, gSaA og
mRiknu viuh 462oha ikjh esa bl ehy ds iRFkj rd igq¡psA rsanqydj
jtr js'kk Økafr dikl & us bl miyfCèk rd igq¡pus ds fy;s 493 ikfj;k¡ •syha FkhaA
yky Økafr ek¡l mRiknu @ VekVj fo'kky frokjh vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
mRiknuA ‰ dksgyh vkSj lfpu ds ckn czk;u ykjk (511 ikjh) vkSj fjdh

xksy Økafr vkyw & iksafVax (514 ikjh) bl lwph esa 'kkfey gSaA
'osr Økafr nqXèk mRiknu oxhZt dqfj;u ‰ lHkh çk:iksa esa 50 ls vfèkd ds vkSlr ds lkFk ,dek=k
cYysckt] dksgyh us VsLV esa 7240 ju] ouMs esa 12834 ju
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA vkSj T20 esa 2794 ju cuk, gSA
135. (a) ‰ dksgyh us ;g miyfCèk flMuh fØdsV xzkmaM (SCG) esa

O;k[;k% if'peh fo'o esa 1960 ds n'kd ds mÙkjk¼Z esa i;kZoj.k vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp nwljs ouMs ds nkSjku gkfly dhA
‰ bl miyfCèk ds lkFk&lkFk dksgyh 22,000 varjkZ"Vªh; ju cukus
ds eqn~nksa ds lacaèk esa tkx:drk esa lkekU; o`f¼ ds en~nsutj
lrr~ fodkl dh èkkj.kk mHkjhA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA okys vkBosa cYysckt vkSj rhljs Hkkjrh; cYysckt cu x, gSaA
‰ jkgqy æfoM+ 24208 ju cukus okys bl lwph esa nwljs Hkkjrh;
‰ blus i;kZoj.k ij vkS|ksfxd fodkl ds vokaNuh; çHkkoksa ds
cYysckt gSaA
lacaèk esa yksxksa dh fpark dks çfrfcafcr fd;kA
137. (c)
‰ o"kZ 1968 esa ,fyZp }kjk ^n ikWiqys'ku ckWEc* vkSj o"kZ 1972
esa ehMks”k }kjk ^n fyfeV~l Vw xzksFk* dk çdk'ku vkSj vU; O;k[;k% fnlacj 2020 esa Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr ,e- osadS;k uk;Mw }kjk
yksxksa us fo'ks"k :i ls i;kZoj.kfonksa vkSj lkekU; :i ls yksxksa Hkkjr ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr MkW- ,-ih-ts- vCnqy dyke ds thou ij
ds chp Hk; dk Lrj c<+k fn;kA vkèkkfjr iqLrd ^40 ;lZ fon vCnqy dyke&vuVksYM LVksjh*
dk yksdkiZ.k fd;k x;kA iqLrd ds ys•d MkW- ,- f'koFkkuq
‰ ;g O;kid okD;ka'k ^lrr~ fodkl ds rgr fodkl ds u,
fiYybZ gSaA ;g iqLrd isaVkxu çsl ,y-,y-ih- }kjk çdkf'kr
ekWMy ds mn~Hko ds fy;s ifjn`'; LFkkfir djrk gSA*
dh xbZ gS vkSj bldh Hkwfedk Hkkjr ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr ç.kc
‰ i;kZoj.k ds eqn~nksa ij fo'o leqnk; dh c<+rh jk; ls fpafrr] eq•thZ us fy•h gSA
la;qDr jk"Vª us i;kZoj.k vkSj fodkl ij ,d fo'o vk;ksx ‰ ¶èkeZ% fMdksfMax n ,fid iQkWj , ehfuaxiQqy ykbZiQ¸ ys•d
(WCED) dh LFkkiuk dh ftldh vè;{krk ukoZs ds çèkku veh'k f=kikBh dh nwljh ukWu&fiQD'kuy iqLrd gSA iqLrd
ea=kh xzks gkyZse CkzqUMySaM us dhA vk;ksx us viuh fjiksVZ çLrqr çkphu fganw egkdkO;ksa ls xzg.k dh xbZ O;kogkfjd] n'kZu lacaèkh
dh ftls ^vkoj dkWeu Ý;wpj bu 1987* 'kh"kZd ls cVZySaM f'k{kk çnku djrh gSA bl iqLrd dh lg&ysf•dk mudh cgu
fjiksVZ ds :i esa Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA Hkkouk jkW; gSaA
‰ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ^vkus okyh ih<+h dh viuh vko';drkvksa ‰ dsaæh; vk;q"k jkT; ea=kh (Lora=k çHkkj) lg j{kk jkT; ea=kh

dks iwjk djus dh {kerk ls le>kSrk fd;s fcuk orZeku ih<+h Jhin ukbd us 26 fnlacj] 2020 dks MkW- :ik pkjh }kjk
fyf•r ,d dksad.kh iqLrd ¶lq=kosnukafp lw=k&,d vaco¸
dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus gsrq fodkl gh lrr~ fodkl
dk foekspu fd;kA ;g iqLrd latuk çdk'ku }kjk çdkf'kr
gSA* ;g iwjs ekuo tkfr ds fodkl dks è;ku esa j•rk gS ftldk
dh xbZ gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
,d lekU; Hkfo"; gSA
‰ Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr us opZqvy ekè;e ls ^vksg fe”kksje*
‰ lrr~ fodkl y{;ks a (SDG)] dks vkfèkdkfjd rkS j ij iqLrd dk foekspu fd;k tks fe”kksje ds jkT;iky ih-,l-
VªkaliQkWfe±x fon voj oYMZ% 2030 ,tsaMk iQkWj lLVsuscy Jhèkju fiYyS }kjk fyf•r gSA Jh fiYybZ ,d odhy] ,d
MsoyiesaV dgk tkrk gSA 169 y{;ksa ds lkFk 17 lrr~ fodkl ç•j oDrk] ,d foiqy ys•d] ,d ijksidkjh vkSj ,d fopkjd
y{; vkSj 304 ladsrd gSaA vr% dFku 3 lgh ugha gSA ds :i esa çfr"Bk j•rs gSaA
641, 1st Floor, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, 13/15 Tashkent Marg, Civil Lines, 38 38
Delhi Prayagraj
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
138. (d) 139. (d)

O;k[;k% Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj U;w MsoyiesVa cSd a (NDB) us COVID-19 O;k[;k% Úk¡l ds iwoZ jk"Vªifr Mh&,LVsax (Valery Giscard
ds dkj.k fcxM+h Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa esa lqèkkj ds fy;s d'Estaing) dk 94 o"kZ dh vk;q esa dksjksuk laØe.k ls fuèku
1 fcfy;u vesfjdh MkWyj ds ½.k le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s gks x;kA mUgksaus o"kZ 1974 ls o"kZ 1981 rd Úkal x.kjkT; ds
gSaA bl ½.k dh vofèk 30 o"kZ gS ftlesa 5 o"kZ dh NwV Hkh rhljs jk"Vªifr ds :i esa dk;Z fd;k FkkA
'kkfey gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA ‰ y{k}hi ds ç'kkld vkSj baVsfytsal C;wjks ds iwoZ çeq•
‰ ;g dk;ZØe COVID-19 egkekjh ds çfrdwy vkfFkZd çHkko fnus'oj 'kekZ dk 4 fnlacj] 2020 dks psUubZ ds ,d vLirky
dks de djus esa ljdkj dh lgk;rk djsxk vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa fuèku gks x;kA og 66 o"kZ ds FksA og tEew vkSj d'ehj
esa vkfFkZd lqèkkj dks l{ke djsxk% ekeys esa okrkZdkj (Interlocutor) Hkh jgs FksA
I. çkÑfrd la l kèku çca è ku (Natural Resource ‰ çfl¼ Hkkjrh; igyoku Jhifr •kupkuys (Sripati
Management– NRM) ls lacafèkr xzkeh.k cqfu;knh <k¡ps Khanchanale)] ftUgksaus o"kZ 1959 esa çfrf"Br ^fgan dsljh*
ij •pZ djuk vkSj dk f[krkc thrk Fkk] dk fuèku gks x;kA o"kZ 1959 esa •kupkuys
II. eujsxk (egkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jks”kxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk) us fnYyh ds U;w jsyos LVsfM;e esa igyoku #Lre&,&iatkc
ds rgr xzkeh.k jks”kxkj l`tuA cÙkk flag (Batta Singh) dks gjkdj ^fgan dsljh* dk f•rkc
‰ dk;ZØe esa NRM ls lacafèkr fVdkÅ xzkeh.k volajpuk ik;k FkkA
ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k vkSj xzkeh.k xjhcksa ds fy;s jks”kxkj ds ‰ çfl¼ mnZw dfo lg vkykspd 'kElqjZgeku iQk#dh dk
voljksa dh mRifÙk dk çLrko gS] fo'ks"k :i ls mu çoklh fuèku gks x;kA og e`R;q ds ,d ekg iwoZ gh dksjksuk ls mcjs
Jfedksa dh enn djus esa lgk;d gksxk tks egkekjh ds dkj.k FksA mUgsa 'ks*js&'kksj&vaxst ds fy;s o"kZ 1996 esa ljLorh lEeku
'kgjh {ks=kksa ls ykSV x, gSa vkSj viuh vkthfodk •ks pqds gSaA çnku fd;k x;k tks vBkjgoha lnh ds çfl¼ dfo@'kk;j ehj
U;w MsoyiesaV cSad (NDB)% rdh ehj ij pkj •aMksa esa jfpr 'kksèk&xzaFk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us
‰ ;g BRICS ns'kksa }kjk lapkfyr ,d cgqi{kh; fodkl cSad gSA mUgsa o"kZ 2009 esa iÁ Jh ls vyaÑr fd;k FkkA
‰ BRICS fo'o dh ik¡p vxz.kh mHkjrh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa& czk”khy]
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
:l] Hkkjr] phu vkSj nf{k.k vÚhdk ds lewg ds fy;s ,d
140. (a)
laf{kIr 'kCn (Abbreviation) gSA
‰ o"kZ 2013 esa nf{k.k vÚhdk ds Mjcu esa vk;ksftr BRICS O;k[;k% ,d gkfy;k loZs{k.k esa ^ekmaV ,ojsLV* dks iwoZ dh Å¡pkbZ
f'k•j lEesyu esa ^U;w MsoyiesaV cSad* dh LFkkiuk ij lgefr ls 86 lseh- rd Å¡pk crk;k x;k gSA vr% fodYi (a)
O;Dr dh xbZ Fkh rFkk o"kZ 2014 esa czkthy ds iQksVkZystk esa lgh gSA
NBs BRICS f'k•j lEesyu (6th BRICS Summit at ‰ fo'o dh lcls Å¡ph ioZr pksVh dh Å¡pkbZ ekius ds fy;s ;g
Fortaleza) esa bldh LFkkiuk dh xbZ FkhA loZs{k.k usiky vkSj phu }kjk la;qDr :i ls vk;ksftr fd;k
‰ NDB dh çkjafHkd vfèkÑr iwath 100 fcfy;u MkWyj FkhA x;k FkkA
‰ bldk eq[;ky; 'ka?kkbZ] phu esa gSA ‰ 8,848.86 ehVj dh ubZ Å¡pkbZ us iqjkuh 8,848 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ

‰ NDB ds orZeku laxBukRed <k¡ps esa 1 vè;{k] 4 mikè;{k dks cny fn;k] tks fd o"kZ 1954 esa Hkkjrh; loZs{k.k foHkkx
rFkk vU; dqN dk;Zdkjh lnL; 'kkfey gSaA vè;{k dk dk;Zdky }kjk dh xbZ eki ds vuqlkj FkhA
ik¡p o"kZ dk gksrk gSA ‰ ;g ubZ Å¡pkbZ 29,031 iQhV gS tks usiky dh fiNyh x.kuk

‰ fo'o cSad esa tgk¡ iwath 'ks;j ds vkèkkj ij ns'kksa dks erkfèkdkj ls 3 iQhV vfèkd gSA
çkIr gksrk gS] ds foijhr ^U;w MsoyiesaV cSad* esa çR;sd Hkkxhnkj ‰ frCcrh Hkk"kk esa ekmaV ,ojsLV dks ekmaV pkseksyaxek (Mount
ns'k dks orZeku esa leku erkfèkdkj çkIr gS rFkk fdlh Hkh ns'k Qomolangma) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS tcfd usikyh Hkk"kk
ds ikl ohVks ikoj ugha gSA esa bls lkxj&ekFkk (Sagar-Matha) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 39 39
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141. (b) (v) dSjksfyu IysV% ;g U;w fxuh ds mÙkj esa fiQfyfi;u o
bafM;u IysV ds chp fLFkr gSA
O;k[;k% iksVZ lbZn felz dk ,d 'kgj gS tks Lost ugj ds mÙkjh Nksj
(vi) Ý;wth IysV% ;g vkWLVªsfy;k ds mÙkj&iwoZ esa fLFkr gSA
ds Hkweè; lkxj ij fLFkr gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
145. (a)
142. (d)

O;k[;k% xzsV cSfj;j jhiQ fo'o dh lcls cM+h çoky fHkfÙk ra=k gS O;k[;k% Hkkjr dh dqN ioZrh; ?kklHkwfe;k¡ (Grasslands) rkfydk
esa fn•kbZ xbZ gSaA
tks fd 2,900 ls vfèkd vdsyh fHkfÙk;ksa vkSj yxHkx 344,400
oxZ fdyksehVj ls vfèkd {ks=kiQy esa iQSys 900 ls vfèkd }hiksa] ?kklHkwfe LFkku
tks fd 2,300 fdyksehVj esa iQSys gSa] }kjk cuk gSA •ft;kj fgekpy çns'k
‰ ;g jhiQ vkWLVªsfy;k ds DohalySaM ds rV ls nwj dksjy lkxj
cqX;ky mÙkjk•aM
esa fLFkr gSA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
ekdZ d'ehj
143. (d)
tqdw ?kkVh mÙkjk•aM
O;k[;k% ,fYcMks% m•:y ef.kiqj
‰ ,fYcMks ,d egÙoiw.kZ çfrfØ;k ra=k gS D;ksafd vfrfjDr ciQZ
ljkerh uxkySaM
'khryu dks c<+k ldrh gS ;k de ciQZ ls okfe±x gks ldrh
cUuh xqtjkr
gSA
‰ ouLifr vkSj vkoj.k ds lkFk fofHkUu lrgksa ds ,fYcMks fHkUu vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA
gksrs gSaA i`Foh dk vkSlr ,fYcMks lkekU; :i ls 0.31 ekuk 146. (d)
tkrk gSA ewY;ksa dh fof'k"V Jsf.k;k¡ gSa% O;k[;k%
lrg ,fYcMks dh jsat
rktk ciQZ 0.80 to 0.90
iqjkuh@fi?kyh ciQZ 0.40 to 0.80
e#LFkyh; jsr 0.40
?kkl ds eSnku 0.25
i.kZikrh o`{k 0.15 to 0.18
'kadqèkkjh o`{k 0.08 to 0.15
VqaMªk 0.2
lkxj 0.07 to 0.10
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA ‰ ekufp=k ls Li"V gS fd nf{k.k ls mÙkj dh vksj ioZrJsf.k;ksa
144. (a)
dk lgh vuqØe% f'kokfyd ioZrJs.kh > èkkSykèkkj ioZrJs.kh
> tkLdj ioZrJs.kh > dkjkdksje ioZrJs.kh gSA vr% fodYi
O;k[;k% dqN egÙoiw.kZ NksVh IysVsa fuEufyf•r gSa% (d) lgh gSA
(i) dksdksl IysV% ;g IysV eè;orhZ vesfjdk vkSj ç'kkar 147. (b)
egklkxjh; IysV ds chp fLFkr gSA vr% fodYi (a)
lgh gSA O;k[;k% fgeky; ioZrh; viokg ra=k dk fodkl%
‰ fgeky; ioZrh; ufn;ksa ds fodkl ds ckjs esa ,derrk ugha gSA
(ii) utdk IysV% ;g nf{k.k vesfjdk o ç'kkar egklkxjh;
gkyk¡fd HkwoSKkfud ekurs gSa fd ek;kslhu dYi esa (yxHkx
IysV ds chp fLFkr gSA
2.4 djksM+ ls 50 yk• o"kZ iwoZ) ,d fo'kky unh] ftls
(iii) vjsfc;u IysV% blesa vfèkdrj vjc çk;}hi dk Hkw&Hkkx f'kokfyd ;k baMks&czã dgk x;k gS] fgeky; ds laiw.kZ vuqnSè;Z
lfEefyr gSA foLrkj ds lkFk vle ls iatkc rd cgrh Fkh vkSj var esa
(iv) fiQfyihu Iys V % ;g ,f'k;k egk}hi vkS j ç'kka r fupys iatkc ds ikl flaèk dh •kM+h esa viuk ty folftZr
egklkxjh; IysV ds chp fLFkr gSA djrh FkhA vr% vfHkdFku (A) lgh gSA
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 ‰ f'kokfyd igkfM+;ksa dh vlkèkkj.k fujarjrk] bldk ljksojh ‰ tk;n ,d de vofèk dh xzh"e ½rq dh iQly dk ekSle gS
mn~xe vkSj budk tyks<+ fu{ksi ls cuk gksuk] ftlesa jsr] e`fÙkdk] tks jch iQlyksa dh dVkbZ ds ckn 'kq: gksrk gSA bl ekSle esa rjcwt]
fpduh feV~Vh] xksyk'e vkSj dksaXyksesjsV 'kkfey gS] bl èkkj.kk •hjk] lfCt;k¡ vkSj pkjk iQlyksa dh Ñf"k flafpr Hkwfe ij dh tkrh gSA
dh iqf"V djrs gSaA ‰ gkyk¡fd] iQly ds ekSle esa bl rjg dk Hksn ns'k ds nf{k.kh
‰ ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd dkykarj esa baMks&czã unh rhu çeq• fgLlksa esa ekStwn ugha gSA ;gk¡] o"kZ esa fdlh Hkh vofèk ds nkSjku
viokg ra=kksa esa c¡V xbZ% m".kdfVcaèkh; iQlyksa dks mxkus ds fy;s rkieku i;kZIr gksrk
I. if'pe esa flaèkq vkSj bldh ik¡p lgk;d ufn;k¡_ gS] c'krZs e`nk dh ueh miyCèk gksA blfy;s] bl {ks=k esa ,d
II. eè; Hkkx esa xaxk vkSj fgeky; ls fudyus okyh mldh gh o"kZ esa ,d gh çdkj dh iQly rhu ckj mxkbZ tk ldrh gSaA
lgk;d ufn;k¡_ vkSj ‰ fuEufyf•r rkfydk Hkkjr esa iQly ds ekSle dk o.kZu djrh gS%

III. iwohZ Hkkx esa czãiq=k vkSj fgeky; ls fudyus okyh mldh iQly dk mÙkjh jkT;ksa esa •srh dh nf{k.kh jkT;ksa esa •srh dh
lgk;d ufn;k¡A ekSle tkus okyh çeq• iQlysa tkus okyh çeq• iQlysa
‰ ,d fo'kky unh dk bl rjg foHkktu laHkor% if'peh fgeky;
•jhiQ pkoy] dikl] cktjk] pkoy] eDdk] jkxh]
esa IyhLVksflu dky esa vk, mFky&iqFky ds dkj.k gqvk ftlesa
(twu&flracj) eDdk] Tokj] rqvj Tokj] ewaxiQyh
iksrokj iBkj (fnYyh fjt) dk mRFkku Hkh 'kkfey Fkk] tks flaèkq
vkSj xaxk ty viokg ra=kksa ds chp ty foHkktd cu x;kA jch (vDrwcj xs g w ¡ ] puk] liQs n pkoy] eDdk] jkxh]
vr% dkj.k (R) lgh gS] ijarq (A) lgh O;k[;k ugha & ekpZ) ljlksa vkSj ljlksa] tkS ewaxiQyh] Tokj
djrk gSA tk;n lfCt;k¡] iQy] pkjk pkoy] lfCt;k¡] pkjk
‰ blh çdkj eè;&IyhLVkslhu dky esa jktegy igkfM+;ksa vkSj
(vçS y &tw u )
es?kky; iBkj ds eè; ekYnk xSi dk v|ks{ksi.k gqvk ftlesa vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
xaxk vkSj czãiq=k unh ra=kksa dk fn'kk&ifjorZu gqvk vkSj os caxky 150. (c)
dh •kM+h dh vksj çokfgr gqb±A
O;k[;k% Hkkjr esa •futksa dk forj.k%
148. (b)
‰ Hkkjr esa vfèkdka'k èkkrq •fut iqjkuh fØLVyh; pV~Vkuksa esa
O;k[;k% mÙkj çns'k esa 18 ç'kklfud laHkkx 'kkfey gSaA bu 18 laHkkxksa çk;}hih; iBkjh {ks=k esa ik, tkrs gSaA vr% dFku 1 lgh gSA
esa dqy 75 f”kys 'kkfey gSaA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA ‰ nkeksnj] lksu] egkunh vkSj xksnkojh dh ?kkfV;ksa esa 97 çfr'kr
‰ laHkkxksa ds uke gS vkxjk laHkkx] vyhx<+ laHkkx] bykgkckn ls vfèkd dks;yk HkaMkj gSA
laHkkx] vktex<+ laHkkx] cjsyh laHkkx] cLrh laHkkx] fp=kdwV ‰ isVªksfy;e HkaMkj vle] xqtjkr vkSj eqacbZ dh ryNVh ?kkfV;ksa
laHkkx] nsohikVu laHkkx] iQStkckn laHkkx] xksj•iqj laHkkx] >kalh vFkkZr~ vjc lkxj ds virVh; {ks=k esa fLFkr gSaA
laHkkx] dkuiqj laHkkx] y•uÅ laHkkx] esjB laHkkx] fetkZiqj ‰ u, HkaMkj Ñ".kk&xksnkojh vkSj dkosjh csflu esa fLFkr gSaA
laHkkx] eqjknkckn laHkkx] lgkjuiqj laHkkx vkSj okjk.klh laHkkxA ‰ vfèkdka'k çeq• •fut lalkèku eaxyq# vkSj dkuiqj dks tksM+us
149. (b) okyh ,d lhek ds iwoZ esa fLFkr gSaA
O;k[;k% Hkkjr esa iQlyh ekSle% Hkkjr esa ykSg v;Ld%
‰ ns'k ds mÙkjh vkSj vkarfjd Hkkxksa esa rhu vyx&vyx iQlyh ‰ Hkkjr ykSg v;Ld ds çpqj lalkèkuksa ls laiUu gSA ;g ,f'k;k
ekSle gSa] tSls fd •jhiQ] jch vkSj tk;nA esa ykSg v;Ld dk lcls cM+k HkaMkj gSA vr% dFku 2 lgh gSA
‰ •jhiQ dk ekSle (twu&flracj) ,d lhek rd nf{k.k if'pe ‰ Hkkjr esa ik, tkus okys nks eq[; çdkj ds v;Ld gSaesVkbV vkSj
ekulwu ds lkFk esy •krk gS] ftlds rgr m".kdfVcaèkh; eSXusVkbV gSaA bldh csgrj xq.koÙkk ds dkj.k varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkj
iQlyksa tSls pkoy] dikl] twV] Tokj] cktjk vkSj vjgj dh esa bldh ekax vfèkd gSA
•srh laHko gSA vr% dFku 1 lgh ugha gSA ‰ ykSg v;Ld dh •nkusa ns'k ds mÙkjiwohZ iBkjh {ks=k esa dks;yk
‰ jch ekSle vDrwcj&uoacj esa 'khr ½rq dh 'kq#vkr ds lkFk {ks=kksa ds lehi gSa] tks muds ykHk esa c<+ksÙkjh djrk gSA
'kq: gksrk gS vkSj ekpZ&vçSy esa lekIr gksrk gSA bl ekSle esa ‰ ykSg v;Ld ds dqy HkaMkj dk yxHkx 95 çfr'kr vksfM'kk]
de rkieku dh fLFkfr xsgw¡] puk vkSj ljlksa tSlh le'khrks".k >kj•aM] NÙkhlx<+] dukZVd] xksok] rsyaxkuk] vkaèkz çns'k vkSj
rFkk miks".kdfVcaèkh; iQlyksa dh Ñf"k dh lqfoèkk çnku djrh gSA rfeyukMq jkT;ksa esa fLFkr gSaA
641] çFke ry] eq[kthZ uxj] 13@15] rk'kdan ekxZ] flfoy ykbUl] 41 41
fnYyh&9 iz;kxjkt
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Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
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