IT 11

Living in the IT Era

CHRISTIAN JEFFREY G. BALINTEC
a. History of ICT
b. Use of ICT in Daily Lives
c. Impacts of ICT in the society
HISTORY OF ICT
Pre-20th Century

Ancient Communication Systems (3000 BCE - 500 CE):

Early forms of communication include smoke signals, drums, and semaphore
systems.
Pre-20th Century

Development of Writing (around 3000 BCE):

The invention of writing systems, such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics, allowed
for more permanent record-keeping.
19th Century:

Telegraph (1830s-1840s):
The telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication with the transmission of
electric signals over wires, using Morse code.
Early 20th Century:

Telephone (1876):
Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone, enabling voice communication over
long distances.
Early 20th Century:

Radio (1890s-1920s):
The development of wireless communication led to the creation of radio broadcasting.
Mid-20th Century:

Computers and ENIAC (1940s): The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
(ENIAC) is considered the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.
Mid-20th Century:

Transistors (1947):
The invention of the transistor revolutionized electronics, leading to smaller and more
efficient devices.
1950s-1960s:

Development of Programming Languages: High-level

programming languages like Fortran and LISP were developed.

ARPANET (1969): The precursor to the internet, ARPANET was

created by the U.S. Department of Defense for research
purposes.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

1970s:

Microprocessors: The invention of microprocessors marked the beginning

of the era of personal computing.

Ethernet (1973): Ethernet was developed for local area networking (LAN)
at Xerox PARC.
1980s:

IBM PC (1981): The IBM Personal Computer became a standard in the

personal computing industry.
1980s:

TCP/IP Protocol (1983): The adoption of the TCP/IP protocol helped unify
disparate networks into the early internet.
1990s:

World Wide Web (1991): Tim Berners-Lee introduced the World

Wide Web, making the internet accessible to the public.

Mobile Phones and SMS: Mobile phones became widely

available, and Short Message Service (SMS) was introduced.
2000s:

Broadband Internet: High-speed internet connections became

more prevalent.

Smartphones: The introduction of smartphones combined

mobile communication with computing capabilities.
2010s:

Cloud Computing: The widespread adoption of cloud computing

services changed how data is stored and processed.

IoT (Internet of Things): The proliferation of interconnected

devices expanded the scope of ICT.
2020s Present:

5G Technology: The rollout of 5G networks began, providing

faster and more reliable wireless communication.

Advancements in AI and Machine Learning: These

technologies became more integrated into ICT applications.
USE OF ICT IN OUR DAILY LIVES
Communication

Past Communication Methods: Present Communication with ICT:

• Sending letters via post mail • Easier communication with loved
• Limited communication options ones
• Use of cellular phones for long-
distance communication

Diverse Communication Channels:

Chatting, Email, Voice mail, and Social Networking
Enhanced connectivity and accessibility
 Job Opportunities

Efficient Operations with ICT Focus on Soft Skills

• Role of ICT in reforming business • Effective use of ICT systems allows
operations employees to concentrate on soft skills
• Importance of hiring staff with ICT • Balancing technical and interpersonal
skills for organizational efficiency aspects of job roles

Modern Job Search

• Utilizing ICT in the job search process
• Changing dynamics of finding employment
 Education

Use of Diverse ICT Tools Integration in Teaching-Learning

• Schools employing a variety of ICT Interaction
tools for communication, creation, • Examples of ICT integration, such as
dissemination, storage, and interactive digital whiteboards and
information management students using smartphones for learning
• The versatile role of ICT in • The "flipped classroom" model and its
educational settings impact on traditional teaching methods

Benefits of Digital Literacy and ICT Training for Teachers

• Higher order thinking skills fostered through digital literacy
• Creative and individualized options for students to express understanding
21st Century skills are 12 abilities that
today’s students need to succeed in
their careers during the Information
Age
Learning skills (the four C’s) teaches students about
the mental processes required to adapt and improve
upon a modern work environment.

Literacy skills (IMT) focuses on how students can

discern facts, publishing outlets, and the technology
behind them. There’s a strong focus on determining
trustworthy sources and factual information to
separate it from the misinformation that floods the
Internet.

Life skills (FLIPS) take a look at intangible elements of a

student’s everyday life. These intangibles focus on both
personal and professional qualities.
Critical thinking: Finding solutions to problems
Creativity: Thinking outside the box
Collaboration: Working with others
Communication: Talking to others
Information literacy: Understanding facts, figures,
statistics, and data
Media literacy: Understanding the methods and outlets in
which information is published
Technology literacy: Understanding the machines that
make the Information Age possible
Information and Communications Technology literacy: literacy describes a
learner's ability to “adopt, adapt and use digital devices, applications and
services” (JISC, 2014).

access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, communicate information

purposefully, knowledgeably, technically, and ethically.
 ADAPT ADOPT
to adjust, modify, or to take on or accept
change in response to something, such as a
new circumstances or practice, belief, or
conditions responsibility
MISINFORMATION DISINFORMATION MALINFORMATION
there was an false information to delivering personal
unintentional mistake harm other people information to harm
but there was no
intention to harm,
spreading information
that you thought at first
true
 COPYRIGHT
PLAGIARISM VS
using someone else’s
VIOLATION
using someone else’s
words without giving
work without
them credit
permission
Flexibility: Deviating from plans as needed
Leadership: Motivating a team to accomplish a goal
Initiative: Starting projects, strategies, and plans on one’s own
Productivity: Maintaining efficiency in an age of distractions
Social skills: Meeting and networking with others for mutual
benefit
Flexibility: Deviating from plans as needed
Leadership: Motivating a team to accomplish a goal
Initiative: Starting projects, strategies, and plans on one’s own
Productivity: Maintaining efficiency in an age of distractions
Social skills: Meeting and networking with others for mutual
benefit
Socializing

Benefits for Young People Community Building and Social Skills

• Empowerment opportunities for • Importance of online communities for
young people through social media bolstering young people's self-confidence
• Access to information and the and social skills
ability to maintain social • Positive aspects of social interactions
connections and support networks formed through ICT platforms

Ubiquity of ICT and Rapid Growth

• ICT becoming ubiquitous, faster, and more accessible to non-technical communities
• Rapid growth of social networking and collaborative services facilitating diverse forms
of communication
 DIGITAL DIGITAL
NATIVES IMMIGRANTS

Born when Born when

technology was technology was not
already present yet existing.
Technology was only
introduced to them.
IMPACTS OF ICT IN THE
SOCIETY
Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Access to information:
Increase in access to information and services that has accompanied the
growth of the Internet. Some of the positive aspects of this increased
access are better, and often cheaper, communications, such as VoIP
phone and Instant Messaging.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Improved access to education:

Distance learning and online tutorials. New ways of learning, e.g.
interactive multi-media and virtual reality.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

New tools, new opportunities:

ICT gives access to new tools that did not previously exist:
digital cameras, photo-editing software and high-quality printers, screen
magnification or screen reading software enables partially sighted or blind
people to work with ordinary text rather than Braille.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Communication:
Cost savings by using e.g. VoIP instead of normal telephone, email /
messaging instead of post, video conferencing instead of traveling to
meetings, e-commerce web sites instead of sales catalogues. Access to
larger, even worldwide, markets.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Information management:
Data mining of customer information to produce lists for targeted
advertising. Improved stock control, resulting in less wastage, better cash
flow, etc.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Security:
ICT solves or reduces some security problems, e.g. Encryption methods
can keep data safe from unauthorized people, both while it is being stored
or while it is being sent electronically.
• Ciphertext is encrypted text transformed from
plaintext using an encryption algorithm. Ciphertext
can't be read until it has been converted into plaintext
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

ICT allows people to participate in a wider, even worldwide, society.

 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

ICT facilitates the ability to perform ‘impossible’ experiments’ by

using simulations.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Creation of new more interesting jobs. Examples would be systems

analysts, programmers and software engineers, as well as help desk
operators and trainers.
 Positive impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Creation of new more interesting jobs. Examples would be systems

analysts, programmers and software engineers, as well as help desk
operators and trainers.
Negative impacts of Information and Communication
Technology
 Negative impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Job loss:
Manual operations being replaced by automation. e.g. robots replacing people on
an assembly line. Job export. e.g. Data processing work being sent to other
countries where operating costs are lower. Multiple workers being replaced by a
smaller number who are able to do the same amount of work. e.g. A worker on a
supermarket checkout can serve more customers per hour if a bar-code scanner
linked to a computerized till is used to detect goods instead of the worker having to
enter the item and price manually
 Negative impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Reduced personal interaction:

Most people need some form of social interaction in their daily
lives and if they do not get the chance to meet and talk with other people
they may feel isolated and unhappy.
 Negative impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Reduced physical activity:

This can lead to health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and
diabetes.
 Negative impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Cost:
A lot of ICT hardware and software is expensive, both to purchase and to
maintain. An ICT system usually requires specialist staff to run it and there
is also the challenge of keeping up with ever-changing technology.
 Negative impacts of Information and Communication
Technology

Competition:
This is usually thought of as being a good thing, but for some organizations
being exposed to greater competition can be a problem. If the
organization is competing for customers, donations, or other means of
funding nationally or even internationally, they may lose out to other
organizations that can offer the same service for less money.
a. Webs 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0
b. Types of websites
c. Introduction to internet
d. Current Trends and Emerging Technologies
Webs 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0
• "Read-only Web“ • "Participative Social Web“ • "Read, Write, Execute
• Static • Dynamic Web“
• Fixed content • Content generated • Semantic
• No user interaction dynamically • Structured data with
• Simple, fast loading • User interaction possible meaning
• Content can change • Enables better search
Static websites display based on user actions or engine indexing
the same content to input • Enhanced interoperability
every visitor from pre- of data
designed files or
Dynamic websites generate
content Semantic websites’
content on-the-fly based on
structure content in a way
user input or other variables.
that machines can
understand and interpret.
Types of Websites
E-commerce Websites
These websites are designed for buying and selling goods or
services online. They often include features like product
listings, shopping carts, and secure payment gateways.
Blogs
Blogs are online platforms where individuals or groups share
their thoughts, opinions, experiences, and information on
specific topics. They typically consist of regularly updated
posts arranged in reverse chronological order.
Portfolio Websites
Portfolio websites are used by individuals, such as artists,
designers, photographers, or writers, to showcase their
work and accomplishments. They often include galleries,
project showcases, and contact information.
Corporate Websites
Corporate websites represent businesses or organizations
and serve as their online presence. They provide information
about the company, its products or services, contact details,
and sometimes, job opportunities.
Educational Websites
These websites offer educational resources, courses,
tutorials, and materials for learners of various ages and
levels. They can be used for formal education, self-study, or
professional development.
News and Media Websites
News and media websites provide users with the latest
news, articles, videos, and multimedia content on various
topics, including current events, entertainment, sports, and
technology.
Social Networking Websites
Social networking websites enable users to connect,
interact, and share content with others online. They include
platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram.
Forum and Community Websites
These websites facilitate discussions, debates, and
interactions among users on specific topics or interests.
They typically include message boards, discussion threads,
and user profiles.
Wiki Websites
Wiki websites allow collaborative editing and creation of
content by users. Wikipedia is a well-known example, where
users can contribute and edit articles on various topics.
Government Websites
Government websites provide citizens with information,
services, resources, and updates related to government
agencies, policies, laws, and public services.
E-commerce Websites Educational Websites
for buying and selling goods or services offer educational resources, courses,
online tutorials, and materials for learners
Blogs News and Media Websites
individuals or groups share their provide users with the latest news,
thoughts, opinions, experiences articles, videos
Portfolio Websites Social Networking Websites
to showcase their work and enable users to connect, interact, and
accomplishments share content with others online
Corporate Websites Forum and Community Websites
represent businesses or organizations facilitate discussions, debates, and
interactions among users on specific topics
Wiki Websites or interests
allow collaborative editing and creation of
content by users Government Websites
provide citizens with information related to
the government
E-commerce Websites Educational Websites
for buying and selling goods or services offer educational resources, courses,
online tutorials, and materials for learners
Blogs News and Media Websites
individuals or groups share their provide users with the latest news,
thoughts, opinions, experiences articles, videos
Portfolio Websites Social Networking Websites
to showcase their work and provide users with the latest news,
accomplishments articles, videos
Corporate Websites Forum and Community Websites
represent businesses or organizations facilitate discussions, debates, and
interactions among users on specific topics
Wiki Websites or interests
allow collaborative editing and creation of
content by users Government Websites
provide citizens with information related to
the government
E-commerce Websites Educational Websites
for buying and selling goods or services offer educational resources, courses,
online tutorials, and materials for learners
Blogs News and Media Websites
individuals or groups share their provide users with the latest news,
thoughts, opinions, experiences articles, videos
Portfolio Websites Social Networking Websites
to showcase their work and enable users to connect, interact, and
accomplishments share content with others online
Corporate Websites Forum and Community Websites
represent businesses or organizations facilitate discussions, debates, and
interactions among users on specific topics
Wiki Websites or interests
allow collaborative editing and creation of
content by users Government Websites
provide citizens with information related to
the government
Introduction to Internet
• Network: A collection of interconnected devices, such as computers, printers,
and servers, that can communicate with each other.

• Node: Any device connected to a network, such as a computer, printer, or

router.

• Protocol: A set of rules and standards that define how devices on a network
communicate with each other.

• IP Address: A unique numerical identifier assigned to each device on a

network, used to identify and communicate with other devices.
• Firewall: A security device or software that monitors and controls incoming
and outgoing network traffic, based on a set of predefined security rules.

• DNS (Domain Name System): A system that translates domain names (such
as www.example.com) into IP addresses, allowing devices to locate and
connect to websites and other network resources.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): A protocol that
automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration settings to
devices on a network.
• TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): A set of
protocols used to communicate over the internet and other networks.
• DNS (Domain Name System): A system that translates domain names (such
as www.example.com) into IP addresses, allowing devices to locate and
connect to websites and other network resources.
 • Router:
• Modem:
connects a modem to different
a modulator-demodulator hardware
computer networks, ensuring that
device that connects to the internet
Internet traffic goes to the right
(from ISPs)
networks

• Hub: • Switch:
a node that broadcasts connect devices within a single
data to every computer network, transfer incoming and
or Ethernet-based outgoing internet traffic between the
device connected to it connected devices

• Access Point:
this connects
devices using
wireless (WiFi)
• Modem: • Router:
connects to the connects a modem
internet to different
computer networks
• Switch:
connect devices within a single
network (usually used for
wireless connections)

• Hub:
(usually used in Ethernet-based
network connections)
Modulation and Demodulation
• modulation is the process of encoding information
onto a carrier signal
• demodulation is the process of extracting the original
information from the modulated signal

MODEM
Modulation digital to analog
Demodulation analog to digital
a. Introduction to the Digital Age
b. The ICT and its role in Social Change
c. Global Digital Development
d. Technological Change
e. Social Evolution
Introduction to the Digital Age
Digital Age
• refers to the current era in which digital technology,
particularly computers and the internet, play a significant
role in society, economy, and everyday life. It's characterized
by the widespread use of digital tools and the transformation
of various aspects of human activity
• it commenced in the mid-20th century
20th Century
1 January 1901, and ended on 31 December 2000
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Entertainment
• Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify have changed how
we consume movies, TV shows, and music.
• Video/online games have evolved into a multi-billion dollar
industry, with online gaming and virtual reality becoming
mainstream.
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Communication
• Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram have transformed how we connect and share
information.
• Messaging apps like WhatsApp and Messenger have made
communication instant and global.
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Healthcare
• Telemedicine allows patients to consult with doctors remotely,
improving access to healthcare services.
• Wearable devices and health apps enable individuals to
monitor their health and fitness in real-time.
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Finance
• Online banking and mobile payment systems have made
financial transactions more convenient and accessible.
• Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology are disrupting
traditional banking and finance systems.
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Education
• Online learning platforms like Coursera and Khan Academy
offer a wide range of courses accessible to anyone with an
internet connection.
• Virtual classrooms and remote learning tools have become
increasingly common, especially during the COVID-19
pandemic.
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Retail
• E-commerce giants like Amazon have transformed the retail
landscape, allowing consumers to shop online and have items
delivered to their doorstep.
• Personalized shopping experiences and targeted advertising
based on data analytics have become prevalent.
• E-commerce enables convenient online shopping from
anywhere.
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Transportation
• Ride-sharing services like Uber had revolutionized urban
transportation, providing convenient and affordable
alternatives to traditional taxis.
• Electric vehicles and advancements in autonomous driving
technology are reshaping the automotive industry.
 INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Work
• Remote work and digital tools revolutionize how we work and
collaborate.
• Work from home, especially among industries that use
computers in most of its services
INDUSTRIES REVOLUTIONIZED IN THE DIGITAL AGE

Healthcare
• Telemedicine allows patients to consult with doctors remotely,
improving access to healthcare services.
• Wearable devices and health apps enable individuals to
monitor their health and fitness in real-time.
The ICT and its role in Social
Change
 THE ICT AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL CHANGE

Supporting reconciliation processes

• ICT (Information and Communication Technology) aids in
fostering moderation, reconciliation, and democracy,
facilitating social change towards reconciliation efforts.
 THE ICT AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL CHANGE
Bridging the digital divide
• ICT helps bridge gaps between different sections of society,
making technology accessible to all and reducing social
exclusion.

Digital divide is the unequal access to digital technology,

including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the internet.
The digital divide creates a division and inequality around
access to information and resources.
 THE ICT AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL CHANGE

Improving communication and information dissemination

• ICT enhances communication channels, enabling the rapid
dissemination of information across various demographics.
 THE ICT AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL CHANGE

Scaling social impact

• ICT enables organizations to increase the reach and efficiency
of social programs, thereby scaling their social impact and
benefiting more people.
 THE ICT AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL CHANGE

Enhancing educational outcomes

• In education, ICT addresses issues like poor educational
outcomes by providing remedial e-learning and utilizing
remote teaching methods, including support from elderly
individuals for underprivileged children.
 THE ICT AND ITS ROLE IN SOCIAL CHANGE

Enhancing educational outcomes

• In education, ICT addresses issues like poor educational
outcomes by providing remedial e-learning and utilizing
remote teaching methods, including support from elderly
individuals for underprivileged children.
Global Digital Development
Global digital development refers to the advancement of
digital technologies, infrastructure, and capabilities worldwide,
particularly in regions where such development is lagging
behind. It encompasses various aspects such as access to the
internet, digital literacy, adoption of digital technologies in
various sectors (e.g., education, healthcare, finance), and the
promotion of digital entrepreneurship and innovation.
Infrastructure
This involves building and expanding the necessary physical and
technical infrastructure to ensure widespread access to digital
technologies, including broadband internet connectivity, mobile
networks, and reliable power supply.
Example:
Project Loon by Google (now Alphabet): Project Loon aimed to provide
internet access to remote and underserved areas using high-altitude
balloons. By deploying a network of balloons into the stratosphere, it could
create a network that beams internet connectivity down to areas lacking
traditional infrastructure, such as rural regions or disaster-stricken areas.
Access
Ensuring that individuals and communities have affordable and
equitable access to digital devices such as smartphones, tablets,
and computers, as well as internet connectivity. This may involve
initiatives to bridge the digital divide and improve access in
underserved areas.
Example:
One Laptop per Child (OLPC): OLPC aimed to provide affordable laptops
to children in developing countries to improve access to education and
digital literacy. The initiative distributed low-cost, rugged laptops loaded
with educational content to schools in countries like Peru, Uruguay, and
Rwanda, enabling students to gain digital skills and access online
resources.
Digital Literacy
Promoting digital literacy and skills development to empower
individuals to effectively use digital technologies for personal
and professional purposes. This includes education and training
programs focused on digital literacy, coding, online safety, and
cybersecurity.
Example:
Digital Literacy Program in India: The Indian government launched a digital
literacy program called 'Digital India' to impart basic digital skills to
citizens, particularly in rural areas. The program offers training modules on
topics such as using computers, accessing the internet, and
understanding digital transactions, helping to bridge the digital divide and
empower individuals.
E-Government and E-Services
Implementing digital solutions to improve government services
and facilitate citizen engagement and participation. This may
include online portals for accessing government information, e-
voting systems, and digital platforms for delivering public
services such as healthcare and education.
Example:
Estonia's E-Government System: Estonia has developed one of the world's
most advanced e-government systems, offering a wide range of online
services to citizens and businesses. From e-voting and digital
prescriptions to online tax filing and company registration, Estonia's e-
government initiatives have streamlined processes, improved efficiency,
and enhanced citizen engagement.
Digital Economy
Fostering the growth of the digital economy through policies and
initiatives that support digital entrepreneurship, innovation, and
the development of digital skills and talent. This includes
promoting startups, creating conducive regulatory
environments, and investing in research and development.
Example:
Silicon Savannah, Kenya: Kenya's Silicon Savannah is a thriving tech
ecosystem that has emerged in Nairobi, attracting startups, investors, and
tech talent. Companies like M-Pesa, a mobile money transfer service, have
revolutionized digital finance in the region, driving economic growth, job
creation, and innovation in sectors such as fintech and mobile technology.
Cybersecurity
Addressing cybersecurity challenges and ensuring the safety
and security of digital infrastructure and online services. This
involves implementing robust cybersecurity measures, raising
awareness about cyber threats, and building capacity for
cybersecurity professionals.
Example:
National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) in the UK: The UK established the
NCSC to provide cybersecurity guidance, support, and incident response
capabilities to government agencies, businesses, and the public. Through
initiatives like Cyber Essentials certification and threat intelligence
sharing, the NCSC aims to enhance cybersecurity resilience and protect
against cyber threats.
Data Governance and Privacy
Establishing frameworks for data governance and privacy
protection to safeguard personal data and promote trust in
digital services. This includes regulations such as data protection
laws, guidelines for responsible data use, and mechanisms for
data sharing and collaboration.
Example:
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): The GDPR, implemented by
the European Union, is one of the most comprehensive data protection
regulations globally. It sets stringent requirements for how companies
collect, process, and store personal data, aiming to protect individuals'
privacy rights and foster trust in digital services. GDPR compliance has
influenced data protection laws worldwide and prompted companies to
adopt stronger privacy practices.
Technological Change
Technological change refers to the process by which new
technologies are developed, adopted, and integrated into
various aspects of society, leading to shifts in how tasks are
performed, products are created, and services are delivered. It
encompasses both the invention of new technologies and the
diffusion and adoption of these innovations across industries,
organizations, and communities.
ASPECTS INCLUDED IN TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Innovation. The creation of new technologies or significant improvements
to existing ones, often driven by research and development efforts in
science, engineering, and other fields.

Adoption and Diffusion. The process by which individuals, organizations,

or societies begin to use and integrate new technologies into their
operations, practices, and daily lives.

Impact. The effects of technological change on various aspects of society,

including the economy, employment, education, healthcare,
communication, and culture.
ASPECTS INCLUDED IN TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Disruption. The disruption of existing industries, business models, and
societal norms caused by the introduction of new technologies, leading to
changes in markets, competition, and social structures.

Benefits and Challenges. The benefits of technological change include

increased productivity, efficiency, convenience, and quality of life.
However, it also presents challenges such as job displacement, digital
divides, privacy concerns, and ethical dilemmas.
Social Evolution
Social evolution refers to the gradual development and
transformation of human societies over time. It involves
changes in social structures, norms, values, institutions, and
behaviors, leading to the emergence of new forms of
organization and ways of life.
Evolutions
Cultural Development
The evolution of culture, including language, beliefs, customs, traditions,
arts, and technologies, which shape the way people interact and live
together.

Example:
Language Evolution: Over centuries, languages evolve as people interact
and exchange ideas. For example, English has evolved from Old English to
Middle English and Modern English, reflecting changes in vocabulary,
grammar, and pronunciation.
Evolutions
Social Institutions
The development and adaptation of social institutions such as family,
government, religion, education, and economy, which regulate social
interactions and organize collective activities.

Example:
Family Structure: The traditional nuclear family (parents and children) has
evolved into diverse family structures, including single-parent families,
blended families, and same-sex families, reflecting changing social norms
and values.
Evolutions
Technological Advancement
The impact of technological innovation on social change, including the
invention of tools, machines, and infrastructure that influence how
societies produce, distribute, and consume resources.

Example:
Internet Revolution: The invention of the internet has transformed how
people communicate, access information, and conduct business. Platforms
like social media, online shopping, and streaming services have
revolutionized daily life and global connectivity.
Evolutions
Demographic Changes
Shifts in population size, composition, and distribution, as well as patterns
of migration, fertility, mortality, and urbanization, which affect social
dynamics and structures.

Example:
Aging Population: As healthcare improves and life expectancy increases,
many societies experience an aging population, leading to changes in
healthcare systems, retirement policies, and family dynamics as younger
generations care for elderly relatives.
Evolutions
Political Systems
The evolution of political systems, governance structures, power relations,
and forms of authority, including transitions from authoritarianism to
democracy or from feudalism to capitalism.

Example:
Democratization: Countries transitioning from authoritarian rule to
democracy, such as South Africa or Eastern European countries after the
fall of communism, illustrate shifts in political systems towards greater
citizen participation and political freedom.
Evolutions
Social Movements
The rise of social movements, activism, and collective action aimed at
addressing social injustices, promoting social change, and advocating for
the rights of marginalized groups.

Example:
Civil Rights Movement: The Civil Rights Movement in the United States,
led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks, aimed to end racial
segregation and discrimination. Through nonviolent protests, marches, and
legal challenges, it brought about legislative changes and societal shifts
towards greater racial equality.
a. Conceptions of privacy and the value of
privacy
b. The impact of information technology on
privacy
Direction: Watch the provided video link that illustrates how internet works.
Afterward, on a one A4-sized bond paper, make a creative flowchart that
represents the sequential processes involved in the functioning of the internet
as presented in the video. Your flowchart can be drawn manually or edited
digitally. Your work will be graded based on a rubric.

Video link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg&t=69s
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

1. What concept involves educating students about the

mental processes necessary to adapt and improve within a
modern work environment?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

2. What term describes the unintentional spread of false

information when one initially believes it to be true?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

3. Who is considered the father of the telephone?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

4. What skill involves understanding the various methods and

outlets used for publishing information?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

5. Which civilization used the hieroglyphic writing system?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

6. What does SMS stand for?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

7. What is considered the first general-purpose electronic

digital computer?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

8. Which civilization used the cuneiform writing system?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

9. What area of the skills that we should possess today

focuses on teaching students how to discern facts, publishing
outlets, and the technology behind them?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

10. What technology became a standard for connecting

computers in a local network, enabling data communication and
resource sharing among devices in a confined geographical
area?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

11. What is the coding system, a combination of dots and

dashes, called?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

12. What term refers to the ability to initiate projects,

strategies, and plans independently?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

13. What is the process of identifying and implementing

solutions to problems?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

14. What was the early foundation of the internet?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

15. What became the first standard in the personal computing

industry?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

16. What is the term for the 12 abilities deemed essential for
today's students to succeed in their careers during the
Information Age?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

17. Who introduced the World Wide Web, making the internet
accessible to the public?
18. What term describes individuals who were born into a world
where technology was already prevalent?
19. What was the first microprocessor called?
20. What is the term for encrypted text that has been
transformed from plaintext using an encryption algorithm?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

21. How many generations does cellular network have?

22. What does HTML stand for?
23. Which soft skill refers to ability to express ideas clearly and
listen actively.
24. What does GIF stand for?
25. What does LCD stand for?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

26. Young people benefit from empowerment opportunities through

social media, where they can express themselves, advocate for causes,
and engage in activities that promote personal and collective growth.
27. ICT enabled better and often cheaper, communications.
28. Data mining is the process of distribution of valuable patterns and
insights from large sets of data.
29. Job loss is one of the positive impacts of ICT.
30. Reduced physical activity is beneficial, thus, it is one of the positive
impacts of ICT.
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 1)

26. Young people benefit from empowerment opportunities through

social media, where they can express themselves, advocate for causes,
and engage in activities that promote personal and collective growth.
27. ICT enabled better and often cheaper, communications.
28. Data mining is the process of distribution of (EXTRACTING) valuable
patterns and insights from large sets of data.
29. Job loss is one of the positive impacts of ICT.
30. Reduced physical activity is beneficial, thus, it is one of the positive
impacts of ICT.
 QUIZ 3.1

1. What era of the web is characterized by static content and

limited user interaction?
 QUIZ 3.1

2. Which age of the web focuses on structuring content for

machine understanding and interpretation?
 QUIZ 3.1

3. Which category of websites provides educational

resources, courses, and tutorials for learners?
 QUIZ 3.1

4. What term describes a collection of interconnected devices

capable of communication?
 QUIZ 3.1

5. What is defined as a set of rules and standards governing

communication among devices on a network?
 QUIZ 3.1

6. What is any device connected to a network, such as a

computer or printer, called?
 QUIZ 3.1

7. How many parts comprise a domain name?

 QUIZ 3.1

8. What is the host name in www.sherika.com.ph?

 QUIZ 3.1

9. What is a domain name referred to as when it's uniquely

registered by a domain name registrant?
 QUIZ 3.1

10. What agency manages the assignment of domain names

and IP Addresses worldwide?
 QUIZ 3.1

11. A node that is connected to the modem that disperses the

internet connection to right networks is known as router.
 QUIZ 3.1

12. An access point is a node that connects devices using

ethernet.
 QUIZ 3.1

13. A switch is a node that facilitates wireless connection.

 QUIZ 3.1

14. A hub is a node that facilitates wired connection.

 QUIZ 3.1

15. A modulator is a device that converts analog signals into

digital signals.
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

1. What era of the web is characterized by static content and

limited user interaction?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

2. Which web era involves dynamically generating content

based on user input or other variables?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

3. Which age of the web focuses on structuring content for

machine understanding and interpretation?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

4. What type of websites are specifically designed for online

buying and selling of goods or services?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

5. Which category of websites provides educational

resources, courses, and tutorials for learners?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

6. What type of websites allows users to connect, interact,

and share content with others online?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

7. Which kind of websites permits collaborative editing and

content creation by users?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

8. What term describes a collection of interconnected devices

capable of communication?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

9. What is defined as a set of rules and standards governing

communication among devices on a network?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

10. What is any device connected to a network, such as a

computer or printer, called?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

11. What unique numerical identifier is assigned to each device

on a network for communication purposes?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

12. What security device or software monitors and controls

incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined
rules?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

13. Which system translates domain names into IP addresses,

facilitating device connection to websites and network
resources?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

14. What is the top-level domain in www.sherika.com.ph?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

15. What is the domain name in www.sherika.com.ph?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

16. What is the host name in www.sherika.com.ph?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

17. How many parts comprise a domain name?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

18. What is a domain name referred to as when it's uniquely

registered by a domain name registrant?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

19. Which term identifies the broader domain group of a

website's URL?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

20. What is the top-level domain name of the entity air

transport industry?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

21. What agency manages the assignment of domain names

and IP Addresses worldwide?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

22. What does URL stand for?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

23. What does ISP stand for?

 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

24. What do you call an application that reads the HTML tags
and formats a web page on to the screen?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

25. What type of website represents businesses or

organizations and serve as their online presence?
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

26. The Internet is a networking infrastructure that connects

millions of computers together globally.
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

27. A website is a group of related and connected devices,

infrastructures, scripts, and databases that are served by servers
on the internet.
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

28. A webpage is a group of related web documents and

associated files, scripts, and databases that are served by
servers on the internet.
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

29. Hyperlink Markup Language is a link from a hypertext file to

another location or file.
 UNIT TEST (UNIT 2)

30. A modem is a node that receives internet connection from

ISPs.