Scribd
Upload
78 views36 pages

Unit 1 Part 1

JNTU ANANTAPUR B.TECH ECE 4-1 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING NOTES

Uploaded by

M LINGARAJU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
78 views36 pages

Unit 1 Part 1

JNTU ANANTAPUR B.TECH ECE 4-1 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING NOTES

Uploaded by

M LINGARAJU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION LINES @eOCHCHCCCCHCOCCECOECCOCOSCECOCEDEOLOLEHOSCOECS Bie Ri Ts 4+ MICROWAVE “TRANSMISSION LINES: ‘Wave! Wave fs nothing but oscillations cohich transfer jenergy from one place to another place through o Ienedium ts called =o wave Electromagnetic have: the usave which ts generated due [to the electyfc and magnetic fields is called electro- |-magnetic wave: | \'s very short Noe | | = | ¢ \ | | ' » , , » dD . » D D [Microwave feyUency: these are frecyuencies whose cwavelength D D . . Range - IGHZ to 1000 GiKzZ- | 8 e Spectrum band and designations: |i Microwave Spectrurn: | E |S c x | ww kK | Ka |Millimetes |Subrillimetes) | ect of WG yOGnz BG giGtt | L fl we GHZ i2Gih O-35THL ie Freoyuency Spectsum: elF|scr [vcr | Le | Me |W |VHF JHE [SHE [ENF |2nfiored | Light} ,%, l, Fass | \ | AL 1) scone gown | 3M port? | -agcitit ie | y3oTht | yz] 08 HE . 300KHZ woooTHz | ZOMHZ ——3GHZ —adoaetiz raz s sy Band designation | frecyuencty vonge_| UNF 03-3 ic br-t Ls WISE s 26-39 c 34-8 x BIBS kU 1y5-18 kK 18-26 ko. 26-40 a 33-50 U 40-60 M 50-15 E 60-90 F 0-140 a 0-220 R 220-300" sub millimeter >300 ‘+ uilttory Micowave —freoyuency Band: Band — designations frequency range O1- 0:95 025-05 O5-1 60-100 ZZErXUHr@anmMo00eDs e e 2 @ e e e e e @ e e e e ® @ e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e dD@ i" CPC HTHTTHHHHHHOHHHOHHHOHHROSOHHCOHHR ORO 2EOP bands: an Hhropagation chayacter’stics and frequency penn AR we nnn velength propagation ea Band | Freqyuency, Wok eleng va seristfeS Application ELF | 30-300HZ | loKm—IMm | penetration into | Communication the Sea & earth: |with subrnarine. VLF | 3-30KHZ | 100 -0Km | Surface upto |Long distance tookm potnt to Ppofnt communication. Le |30-300KKz| tokm-1Km | Surface wave § | point to point Sky wave at marine night times. |communication. MF | 300-3MHZ jto00m-100M |Ground wave Broad casting g during day and | marine sky wave Ot — |communication: night time. HE | 3M-30MHZ | 1oom-1om | Reflection from | Moderate and fonospheve long dfstance Communication VHF | 30-300MHZ) jg—1m Space wave linel+y's and FM of sight Service Propagation UHE [30oMtZ-3GH7 too-locm — effected by tall Short distance objects (Hills). | Communication SHF | 3-30GHZ | 1o-Icm Surface Raday and space atmospheric communication. attenuation ERP | 30-300GHZ} 10-ICm Surface Radar and space atmospheric |ommunication . at benuation fadvantons of micaeuNes: Pneveased Bandwidth: At higher frequencies (microwave) the bandusidth ancreased bandwidth» we in the frequency will be ‘creases due to the can use the lot of applications with yanges Er Microwave — frewency Tange (AGH Z - 10006142) a.dmproved directive property: We can tmprove the directivity of antenna by using — Freayuency and decreasing beamwidth - Where 8 - Beamwidth in degrees D- Diameter of the antenna aA- Wavelength in Cm At 30GiHZ (Azicm), constder B=? D= 142 xiem = I4ocm At 300MHZ (A= loocm) ; constder B=1° De ue yloocm = |4000CM 3fading effect and reliability: variations in the transmission medium at low Frequencfes fS move: Whenever We Are transmitting the waves from transmitter to receiver this 7S Called fading ePpect- Due to the line of sight propagation and high Freoyuencies there fs less fading effect and hence, @9S@S9R9R9SO9R9S9H9HOHHHHOHGDHO9HSHSHHHSHHOHHHHHHH8EHHHHO Communication *S more yelfable- 4. Low powey yeayuivement si fransmitter and yecer'ver power yYeayufrements Gye | low at mrcrowave Frequency Tanges: | Applications of Microwaves: lk Communications Tele communication, Space communication , communication links in ratlways | & RADAR: Detect aircraft , ‘tracking the Supersonic missile observe and track the weather: 3 Commercial and industrial applications using heat Property Of microwaves: Micro ovens, Drying machine, food Processing industries, yubber industry » lu Biomedical Applications: Deep electromagnetic heating for treatment of cancer, Electromagnetic transmission ‘through the human body has been used for the monitoring of heart beat Consider an electric field tn sinusoidal manner coith exponential fos Ee E, aut oh Where ug9— angular Frequency Eo Maximum electric field intensity. NOW, differentiate — eqyci) Partially with 4! d€ = 2 Le, elt) ot ‘ = Ey dus 2€ = jue — _ - (2) SCHOHSSHOHHSSHHHSFSHHOHHHOHHHHHOHOLCHL ORB OH ORO st operator 2. = jay ——-(3) . ol Consider Now, again differentiate enyisy with respect, to “U’ partially SE 2 Use, el") Sth at = Ey Gia a =u E —lh) ate consider second operator As = —us” —(5) consider the transmission medium aS a free Space ‘then P=0- Now, consider first maxwell eayuation TxXH = dD. He Ta 3 VKH = 2 (% Feo) 2 (EE) al eX XH = juste — (6) Consider second maxwell equation. vxE= ~ 28 at 2-3 (UH) Ot = -M D(H) at VxXE = —Uju9H ~——(4) Taking cus! on both sides VX (VXE) = —Jwu (7xH) = —jus.U (Jwee) = UWMEE —(g) From -the vector Analysis VECVXE) = y(we)- VE —(9) SC9HORP9HRHOHHHOHHOHSHHHHOHH9OR9SGHH9HH8H8SHHHHHHSHSHBE PSSHHHHHSHHHOSHHHHHOHHHOHHHHH OZR O HO OCSO “now, consider maxwell third equation Voz Pv VD <0 VEE =0 EWE =0 vlo)- ge = whtte vie = -ustuee —Uo) sinflaly, yt = —ustugH — CN Resolving ecytis) nto thee coordinates © StEy = us MEE Vey = -ustu€ Ey WE, = —us UE EZ "Ys Pig = -ustue Hs vty: wt mety vi, = —w uel Replacing Su" sith a tr eoyli0d, eeyltd ve -ue 3E ae vine ue SH att ME = Up dy Ey Ey UE = LUE, ee 1 steed o=WTXIO Him» Eo = aq, X10 Fm ALE = uxt xt y 15°F 3err I 9x 10'® eal (3x 108) wE = Cc a - = i oe - oH I ae We ee | the above eayuations are called Helmphitz equations. * Wave Definitions: aw AR ' TEM Wave (Transverse Electso Magnetic wave): Here, both electric field and magnetic fields of ove purely transverse to the direction Propagation of a wove fe, 6,=0,Hz2=0- a TE Wave + Hee, electric field component is propagation not Purely transverse 0 the direction of . of a wave and magnetic field ts purely transverse. | ie, E220, H,#0- 3. TM Wave: Here, Magnetic ield component is purely | transverse to the direction of propagation of a wave je, E,#0,Hz=0 ke Hybrid Wave: Here, both electwe field and magnetic field Components are not purely vansverse ie, Ez #0, Wz #0- Z- divection as ¥ Operator ¥ :- The general wove equation fn the z-dfrectfon written as, ve, =-usuee, for TM Wave —() WH. = -ustucl, for TE Wave @) consider an electric field wave is Propagating tn the Y: E,= Ege —— (3) differentiate above equation with ‘z' Partially dE PE > Ey eer) lz 2 ye, —— (h) Tz * Z 2 .-y (5) a: E s¥2 x = -YEp, € again differentiate with respect. “z’ pantially ‘ dG 2 yee! (-y) v2" ¥ dE 2 ye, —(6) ez ae ee dz Y= aris Where —¥— propogation constant - Attenuation constant B- phase constant- * wave quigs: ' Above 3GiHz frequencies Tt Is not possible to propagate the wove by Using the transmission lines, cahy because| we get the losses from reflections. a. TO overcome +thigS we aye using a well designed ucovequide components - Definition: A metatlic hollow tube of Uniform Cross-Section with successive veflectfons for the propagation of EM waves inside the wall of the tube fS called wave quide- 4 To Inevease the conductivity and educe the resistivity!’ we aye coating inside of the waveguide with gold Ov Silver. Lupes of Waveguides: | ! Rectangulay hlaveguide: a. Circular Waveguide: |_ copper width Ag (or) AU <—> Breadth | 3+ Elliptical waveguide: © 5+ Double Ridged waveguide; 4 single Ridged Waveguile: To eee ne taeeee senses: | & Propagation aves ¥Pogogntion of wows Now, consider for electric field Components WE, =-wt nee, —(3) at OF OOF as Oy On Ox Bt eoyating unit vectors consider the general equations of a wave, , we, --wute, —WW Thy = -uwtue Hz —(D) vs Breadth Resolving eqi(3) into three co-ordinate system ve +38 4 dz = WUE Ez vee 4 3Ez, 4+Y PE, = US USEy Oy BEx 4 VEr +O 4usUE)E, =O Or ayy Ver 4 VEL EWE? = =0 —(4) dat Yt My, Se SH 1 DH ETH EW, =p ——(5) wt ay 22 consider, maxwell’s first equation VKH = jw¢e aan tyk A ‘ j D2 a2 | = dJwe ( peytJEytk Ez. Ox OY BZ t = 7 Hy Hy Hz A( ate ay) 4 aeeee - den) RBH att) = jure [ ay (Ce Faudue =f) zttirection of oe Propane tion Feqtheythey ‘(aR ayy) 9 4(2 We yyy) + (OH ) swe [Tet ey*REz] att yyy = jweex ——(6) oy = (& 4YHx) = Jusé Ey —(1) OL dHy _ atx 2 jue 6, ——(8) Ou 7 oy) 5 Consider maxwell'$ second eayuation VxE = -JU9UH A a rw i Af ] DB DB 2B) 2 shu (Faget TAyr RAZ reeves Jus. [1 Ho y Eq ey Ez a Ee # ( 2€2 yveu) 4 (Bee (RE REx). ou THetd yeh] (a y) 3 (vex) + (ae ag * equuoting unit Vectors dE: i —( BEY vey = —juule 4) 2 4 yey = jwuty — 0) BH dey _ per . _jyskhz Uy Ba, Oh : From eave) y= Juse€x _ ate 1 (12) y ea substitute eau) in eayito) Ez _¢ wi cee sae ae ar tex = fou [SS - y 3Y Dez y Jw aie _ Dx Y 9 — On es(4] : from e vom ecy(q) Hy = Substitute in eay(#) - (a - OL eag(ly) jou yey Susu ol 4 OX OE ve yy JURY. Ey (- from eoy(1y) Hx =v (% JUS Oi) OED “jusuh = d€2 acl oe jus 2 — we . UL 2, use -Y a Just vez Rea Oye, He = Z oz OS (i Susu Lr . — VIE, ~Ex ssf ta Y = Soo ole c YOY vEz)\ . jue a) Suse Ey d€2 . jwe ey Jus Wy ) fe ee Jusan atz) _ Ox Jus, he aay e ian) Hy = i Ex (5) — 2 ate Jus oy L usu RP dx Vy = =Y atte + Jwe Vz} __ (15) Wx hey fiom eevit2) ; ; Hy: Iwé (z Vx _ Jw at) _ oz, Lt Y he On hy OY wy = -YIWE aez — Giwy. YE Hz _ Hz, tL “yh on yhe OY OY Hy = ie ( wot, -4)] — Jwe d&2 yr Y. hE Ox Hy = <% Hz _ ie dex apt . = 34° a (14) a Z Sit [7 Ciopagahics “OF ub Wake. (i vaveciabquley, Wavequide: Fox TM wave the general wave equation fs VEx ver + Ez =0 —U et gE ae ” let E,=xy oxy + OY 4 pay = ° cr divide ‘yy’ 4 atx I a ae > +> h=o —(2) at Yop taht ie x es is Q pure form of ‘x’ only dy & & pure-form of “Y’ only y yp . a See, Bae x ae BY aye -B-Atht 20 fee ate —2 il the above ecyuation i a Second Order differential equation: so, Let X= C, COSBI + Cy SINBX Y= Ca cosy 4 Cy Sinty Ey = XY Ez = (CiC088x 4 C4SinBH) (Ca COBAYH casiMAY) — @ Boundowy conditions: nd | Bottom wall hie E,20,¥20 Vato a - a-Left side wall £220, a0 V yo tb 3. Top wall Ez20,Yeb Vv x 0100 2 : < ke Right Side wall E,-0, 12a WY 0 to. b Apply irst boundary condition +0 eq(23) (C)COSBx+ Co SiNBx) Cg =0 3 <0 Substitute C3=0 in eay(a) Eze (c1COsBa +C2.SinBX) Cy Sinvy — (4) Apply second boundary condition to. ey) O= (C40) Cy Sinay q=0 Substitute C=0 in eoy (4) &, C Sinbx. Cy SimAy ——(5) Apply sthivd boundary condition to eay(s) 0 = Cy Cy sings SiNAb Cy sinAb =0 sinAb =0 Ab= 1 Az om b Apply fourth boundary condition to eay(5) 0 = CoCy Singa Sindy Singa =0 Bas mT B= mr e 1 a Substitute “A and ‘py in eqs) Ey = Coty Sin( Ta sin( “EY E,= Csin( Wl) sin( My gute C: &Cy=C) fn TM wave Hz=0 E, 2% ez _ ju w eee bo =. 8 . ° Just oat Z[c sin (MH) sin( Ey gust v7] eo : just - c cos( Ma. (mH) sin(B)y at YZ Eye Dez 4 jus dz he dy he Qe wee ye eer ee wee wrwerwrwrwrwrwwerwevrvrwvuw~vrevwZw~wvwewewwe: : a IC sin( ST yx. sin( Dy ase) just-7 . 4 € sin( Wx cos( yy (22) ae Tt D9 cos(2)y ce : —(4) Vtg y IE Bez Wes Mey due = Ha = we y (1 Hz=0) Ha = we alc sin( Ta sin e gust¥2| Hy = swe c sin( “HEY cos(“E Wy (mt) gusty = Hy= —Z ota _ iwe vez b> dy he dal = Iwe inf TU) x Si Hy a 2 [sin wy sin(W)y € Hy = ~lwe c(") cos( ty) sin( My ae a # Propagation of TE Waves in vectangulay \avequicle: wwe nando Cnr AN ew, Ae Tn TE Waves the Component of electa'c field fs Propagating in z-dirvectton 1S Zero ie, Ez=0- $0, consider general wave equation for TE Wave is g dH2 tH ypty, =o —— Se ae tha xt For the rectorguloe co-ordinate system Consider H2=%Y- ay oxy L Ay + ope thtree y Be py BY aby <0 zat eyt divide ae ” a. oy ple wv +hco Xx dat ¥ aye + fs a pure form of ed only 4, ao a a fs a pure form of only Ade 2g 4 UY. ph xX a 7 Bs y aye = 7A ~eL Ath 0 Re Aye gt fs Second order differential equation. let x= Cy COSBR + CoSINBX Ys C,COSAY +Cy SINAY Hz = x¥ 2 = (CrCOSBX4 Co SinBx). (cgcosAy +4 SiNAY) — (2) Boundary conditions: lk Bottom wall Eq=0, Y=O Y x5 0 too a. Jop ual Exy=0,yeb Y I> otoa 3. Left Side wall Ey=0, X=0 Vv yo tob ke Right Side wall Ey=0, x=a W Yo to b. Considey £y component ee eg Jue ne 2 ty For te Wave £,-0 fy -~ sue alle “hey z— Ju > [ (cr coset CoSin@x) (CyC0SAY4 Cy SinAy))} ho Eq WU (¢, cos@xtcasings) (Cg SinyA t A: Cy, COSAY) hr Apply first boundary Condition. o> — jug (c, COSBX + CoSiNBa)+ A+ Cy he Cy =0 Substitute G=o in Hz component Hy =(cicosextcrsingx) cosAy: Cg ——(3) consi dey Ey component he By ph. Oe Ey= iw die (1 £20) Ey = 2 dex 4 Ju , we ht “Ox Ey = Sg 2 [cc cosex 4G. Sinan) ¢ cosAy) > JWK c, Casa [-c18: SinGx+} Cy Bs COS BA], 8 ON Now, we apply hid boundary. condition O= we (C28) Ca COSAY Ce=0 Substitute C2=0 in ecy(s) Hy = C, CosBx- COSAy Hae C cosea: Coshy = — Gy Cr C132 C) | Consider ‘Ey field component Eye dz _ uu ote | hy Ou he OF" ey 2 -i ote Ue f20) | he Dy | 5 | IW 9 x. COSA | 3, [cose y] > JW ¢, , cosex: SINAY- Ey > IW ca cos ‘d Apply Second boundayy condition Oz Suga AC COSBx- SiNAB SinAb =0 Ab =nTT he ol . bo const dey ‘ey Component, cys YD Dery Suu gt be Dy RE Ox - (E20) Ey = Jue. 3 (ccosen- Cos ht Eas cL Ey = fugu C 8 (-Singx) CosAy Apply fourth boundary condition ae i 5 a 8. ¢ (sinaB) cos(Ay) Sina =o Ba- mr cee substitute A and ce in eey(y), Hy = C cosBx CcOSAY t-Y Hy 2C cos( Mya cos( ly 2 —U) fh TE wave €£2=0 Hy = tle h> dx . a a 2 (cos cos(™)y é sty) e % c Gsin( myx (SE) cos( TH \y- gg) Hy =% ¢(m Just-¥Z (SE) sina cosy Hy = 2 ot | he ay =) just YZ ice sc Cos(TH x cosy o é ] just -YL Hy = ne (a) cos( Tx. sin )y e Ey > —juat oz ne Oy - jw 9 ry, sust-v2 S (ccos(miys cos( ly € } = Eye iy. € (BY) cos(m x sin( My aut Ey 2 Jue gz 4 Be aan ae just-¥z = ia 2 eos cooly "J = WU ¢ (THT aMyy sary ey ee OTe AIL) gin( TM \x cos (THY € * Propagation of TEM Waves : i ests hoes wane | he 00 ay ey= Ze 22 4 wh dhe hr ay hor fn = YL OHe gE JWE 2 Ex ie Oe has Oy Hye <¥ dHz SUE QEz Boy TR FOY TEM wave the condition fs &2=0 Hz=0- Hence, a we substitute Ez-0,Hzo then Ey=0, Ey=0, Hy=9, ee From the above conditions tt fs clear that there fs jn Propagation of TEM wave i'n rectangular waveguide. 1 TE gud mete: Mode3- The electrornagnetic wave — propag ates cofthin the | waveguide by Generating the patterns fs Called mode. There ase two ‘types of modes. t TE mode 2. TM mode TE Mode: Electytc field fs always Perpendicular +o the Surface of the conductor within the waveguide. aT™ Mode Magnetic field fs always parallel to the Surface of the conductor ustthin the waveguide. in rectangular |x TM. Modes lay waveguide: A ns The general yepresentation of TM mode fS TMmn TMo}* Heve Field components m=o, N= ' i | Field components are i Ty: field cormponents axe vanish. then are vanish: a= -¢(™) cos( Mx. sin( Ey pust-¥2 -¥ ey> -(B) sina cos( My e putz Just -¥Z. 2 Ty en (tallyn cos(AE)y Ha wwe ¢(") sin( Maya cos(SB}y 7 Hy 2 —jusé Ty wally gin(T 3 . BRE (eos SEY TMoo: Here mzonzo then n= By= Has Hy=0- Here, all Eq s€y2Ha=Hyz0- Here, all Here, fell] | TMi: Heve Met, N=0 then Ee = Ey = Hoe =Hy=0" vans! Here mzi,nel then all fteld components are eaists - wwewvwewvvuw~vewv vee eowwrevew~wvvwvevwewwe we vvewwe ew: TEQ0 TE: *TE modes in ae we : Rectangular lwlavequide: adr un general representation of TE modes *S TEmn Ey = fuss ¢ (1) cos( 2) i. sin( yy Jjugt-¥Z Eys -dwu comity sing m 1 Just—yz ye ARE CCM) Sin TAB )a cos( Hy & Hy = Ley my gi Just -YZ m= ag c( ey) sin( TI) cos (Nyy 2 N= 2 c( 5G) cos (Ma. sin( GE Vy @leat Here mzo,nzo then Eye Mn Hy=0- Here m=0, N=! then. Ex Hy exist and Ey=th=0 TE\p! Neve met neo then Ey, Ha eaist and Bxsllyco.” TEs Here melnel then Ex,Ey Nar Hy eatst: ¥ cut-off Precyuency of a wave (4c): ren J oe ow nn We Know that frey*yusne = BYE AY 7 MT \ > (mys () | ah ey? Vue = (min +(%) ye (ray (ay utue Ye tip L At low frequencies us UE ce (OY + (HH) | By applying this condition to 'y’ then “¥’ becomes real | and positive fe, a Hence, the wave fg attenuated at How frequencies fie, the wave doestit propagate, i i e | At high frequencies = ust UE >> ( mys (Yt “y becomes fmaginary term. Hence, the cove is Propogated with some phase change, # cutoff frequency: The Frequency at chich the wave Just becomes start to propagate: At f2¥, Y20 , WUE 2 uf ue Ac = _ab Jrtohante® ¥ Gut Mave Ug The distance travelled by ® wave within the wovequide to undergo a phose shift of an radions {3 called guide wavelength : or Ag= B gn general, % = x7 ed> bere rg - quide wavelength Ao - wavelength in freespace Ac - cut-off coavelength. case (i) s- case it~ AgzAc then Age i casediviyi- Ag>>Ac then 44 2 Imaginary tem. * Phase velocity (Ve) (Vp): i | | | | | pees ; in The vote at which the wave changes its phase terms of quide wavelength ts called Phase velocity . Np = Aq + Dividing & multiplying with st Vp> 2x t ov Vp = Agee on Vp = We P om * Sone Cae Car The yote ot which the wave propagated through the woveguide fs called group velocity - Ng = a2 £ zect ye Expressions for phase velocity (Vp), 61 res up Nelucity (VQ): For phase velocity t- We Know that = hey4udue oN 4e? (Shey YyusE “aye y (YH (BY wo ue — Mi fefe, Yeo, w= We 0: aay us ue wtue = (MEPs — © Now, Idhen the wave fs propagated Ye oltiB ae jp (#20) yrs (ip) =-B from enc) “Ht (oH aha Pre usu) - ws BE -p = we-(usg-w") Vp = . _us p Hae (usw) Np. =U & Be WE (wt WC) differentiate ustth respect to ‘Us de fue (20) ) du * 9 reqtut) ap. pews dus = w- wo) a ue dw ee : I~ (Bgy ab ay al eb he ae rey Vq = duo Yap VSP Mp = & in terns of Ongular freapserey ean we Vp = c in terms OF frecyuenty - — (tow Vp = fn terrns «OF WoaVve length a Bt; Cee 2 & Ti ey Cr tee HS) For Gysoup velocity :- Vg = dw 7 dp MpVqge 6 2, po P 4 — 7 a Ac \e ot ' fray he Vpr\g = Ga Relation between Agi 0 Ae! Vp = Ag: t 2 Age & dy & Vp = _¢ A '-(4y ee ee Ta Ry dg = —Ae 4 [= (Ao 3c) Dominant mode: gt fg the mode for odhich the cut-off wovelength assumes maximum zab by ce mr” [ripinta From +the above conditions ft %S clear that the cut-off wavelength — for TEi9 mode fs maaimun fe, 2a Hence, the dominant mode in yectangulay waveguide is TE | ¥ Degenerate modes! the modes cohose cut-off frequencies, aye same. —- o£ For exdtmple TMy = g (ey | 1 TE, = £ ar (Ey Heve, TMy and TE, have same cut-off frequencies. Hence, TM, and TEy are degenerate modes- [ew nme at fs defined as the yatio of Strength of electric field m One transverse direction to the Strength — of magnetic field in another transverse direction. - Ex Z,-& Zh Ay -¥ Dlx Swit ote 1 Ror WO -Y az _jJwe x6 ee a For 1M Waves: Hz <0 vedp = ez Zam > he on -iwe 2&2 fe ee Jwe Try = Sp B Jw e we = (uelatut) tm - SESS E 2 me [Fe = [a et Me Moby [Efe Cree) > fanxio! wer amxio’ | 4 (We) aan x0 ( 2 famvaen xe 1 (4° = 2M x6xI0 fie (By we Zymy = (a0 fr (2 24 (oF tm = iH &}* tm terms of Frecwenty tm = fi (ey on terms of Wavelength oe E ue (usu) ugh (oe w (Heh c ! Pep. Se 2tf i= (Bey tre * hs Le tn z SN ty wavelength PTE NF : ‘ -— Foy TEM waves: 4, <0 22m ww phos " = lao = 31 ¥ Power transmission in — the wee was Rectangular waveguide: et ts calculated by using complex pointing theorem, Ay = Opds Pey = + §lexuttds i v Where ¢ 2 TEx + (Ey) —=9 Be [Age (Hy | bo For low loss dielectric = Py = ae $ 6 tel'da dy Zz Z,-£ fey a d bo Pees “ce fy = eG xc) | i. tert da dy ov TE sqwave, ay 06 * Power losses fn rectangular coayequide wer a a AN { te ter dt dy for TM wave. ° 7 i cl As the &M waves propagated through the waveguide the wave intensity gets Frecetvecy Frans attenuated because of losses in the waveguide. there are three types of losses occur in the vectangulay waveguide. 1 Power loss due to dielectric 2. power loss due to walls of of osoveguide Sections. wavequi de 3. MIS alignment power loss due +o dielectric: For low loss dielectri'c o<

You might also like