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C Tokens

The document discusses the different types of C++ tokens including keywords, identifiers, constants, variables, and operators. It provides examples and descriptions of each token type.

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tejassmm222
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10 views

C Tokens

The document discusses the different types of C++ tokens including keywords, identifiers, constants, variables, and operators. It provides examples and descriptions of each token type.

Uploaded by

tejassmm222
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Tokens

C++ Tokens are the smallest individual units of a program.

Following are the C++ tokens : (most of c++ tokens are basically similar to the C
tokens)

 Keywords
 Identifiers
 Constants
 Variables
 Operators

Keywords
The reserved words of C++ may be conveniently placed into several groups. In the
first group we put those that were also present in the C programming language and
have been carried over into C++. There are 32 of these, and here they are:

auto const double float int short struct


unsigned

break continue else for long signed switch void

case default enum goto register sizeof typedef


volatile

char do extern if return static union while

There are another 30 reserved words that were not in C, are therefore new to C++,
and here they are:

asm dynamic_cast namespace reinterpret_cast try

bool explicit new static_cast typeid

catch false operator template typename

class friend private this using

const_cast inline public throw virtual

delete mutable protected true wchar_t


The following 11 C++ reserved words are not essential when the standard ASCII
character set is being used, but they have been added to provide more readable
alternatives for some of the C++ operators, and also to facilitate programming with
character sets that lack characters needed by C++.

and bitand compl not_eq or_eq xor_eq

and_eq bitor not or xor

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Identifiers
Identifiers refers to the name of variables, functions, arrays, classes, etc. created by
the user. Identifiers are the fundamental requirement of any language.

Identifier naming conventions

 Only alphabetic characters, digits and underscores are permitted.


 First letter must be an alphabet or underscore (_).
 Identifiers are case sensitive.
 Reserved keywords can not be used as an identifier's name.

Constants
Constants refers to fixed values that do not change during the execution of a
program.

Declaration of a constant :

const [data_type] [constant_name]=[value];

Consider the example

#include <iostream.h>
int main()
{
const int max_length=100; // integer constant
const char choice='Y'; // character constant
const char title[]="www.includehelp.com"; //
string constant
const float temp=12.34; // float constant

cout<<"max_length :"<<max_length<<endl;
cout<<"choice :"<<choice<<endl;
cout<<"title :"<<title<<endl;
cout<<"temp :"<<temp<<endl;
return 0;
}

Output

max_length :100
choice :Y
title :www.includehelp.com
temp :12.34
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Variable
A variable is a meaningful name of data storage location in computer memory. When
using a variable you refer to memory address of computer.

We know that in C, all variables must be declared before they are used, this is true
with C++.

The main difference in C and C++ with regards to the place of their declaration
in the program...

C requires all the variables to be defined in the beginning of scope.

C++ allows the declaration of a variable anywhere in the scope, this means that
a variable can be declared right at the place of its first use.

Syntax to declare a variable :

[data_type] [variable_name];

Consider the example

#include <iostream.h>

int main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<" Enter first number :";
cin>>a;
cout<<" Enter second number:";
cin>>b;

int sum; // declaration


/*this type of declaration will not allow in C*/
sum=a+b;
cout<<" \n Sum is : "<<sum <<"\n";
return 0;
}

Output

Enter first number :55


Enter second number:15
Sum is : 70

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