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EC-4-2004 Example-001

STEEL DESIGNERS MANUAL SEVENTH EDITION - DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED COMPOSITE

BEAM

EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Consider an internal secondary composite beam of 12-m span between columns
and subject to uniform loading. Choose a UKB457x191x74 in S 355 steel.

GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING

EC-4-2004 Example-001 - 1
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Member Properties Loading Geometry

UKB457x191x74 w = 8.43kN/m (Dead Load) Span, L = 12 m
E = 205,000 MPa w = 2.25kN/m (Construction) Beam spacing, b =3 m
fy = 355 MPa w = 1.5kN/m (Superimposed Load)
w = 15.00kN/m (Live Load)

TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED

Composite beam design, including:

 Selection of steel section, camber and shear stud distribution

 Member bending capacities, at construction and in service
 Member deflections, at construction and in service

RESULTS COMPARISON

Independent results are referenced from the first example, Design of Simply
Supported Composite Beam, in Chapter 22 of the Steel Construction Institute
Steel Designer’s Manual, Seventh Edition.

Percent
Output Parameter Results Independent
Difference

Construction MEd (kN-m) 250.4 250.4 0.00%

Construction Ma,pl,Rd (kN-m) 586.8 586.8 0.00%

Construction Deflection (mm) 32.5 32.5 0.00%

Design Moment (kN-m) 628.4 628.4 0.01%

Full Composite Mpc (kN-m) 1020 1020 0.00%

Partial Composite Mc (kN-m) 971.2 971.2 0.00%

Shear Stud Capacity PRd Input 52.0 NA

Shear Stud Distribution 77 76 1.3%

Live Load Deflection (mm) 20.7 19.1 8.5%

EC-4-2004 Example-001 - 2
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Percent
Output Parameter Results Independent
Difference

Required Strength VEd (kN) 209.5 209.5 0.00%

Vpl,Rd (kN) 843 843 0.00%

COMPUTER FILE: EC-4-2004 EXAMPLE 001.EDB

CONCLUSION
The results generally show an excellent comparison with the independent results,
with the exception of the live load deflection which is 8.5% greater in the
application due to a different assumption on the effect of variable loading on
E
deflection. The original examples assume a modular ratio= n = 10 ,
Ec ,eff
E E 210, 000
whereas the application computes= n = = = 13.77 in
Ec ,eff Ecm / 2 30,500 / 2
accordance with EN 1994-1-1:2004 Clause 5.4.2.2 (11).

The shear stud capacity Pr was entered as an overwrite, since it is controlled by

the deck profile geometry and the exact geometry of the example, which assumes
a deck profile with a rib depth of 60 mm, a depth above profile of 60 mm and a
total depth of 130 mm, cannot be modeled in the application, since, only the rib
depth and depth above profile can be specified.

EC-4-2004 Example-001 - 3
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HAND CALCULATION

Properties:
Materials:
S 355 Steel:
E = 210,000 MPa, fy = 355 MPa, partial safety factor γa = 1.0
Normal weight concrete class C25/30:
Ecm = 30,500 MPa, fcu = 30 MPa, density wc = 24 kN/m3
Section:
UKB457x191x74
ha = 457 mm, bf = 190.4 mm, tf = 14.5 mm, tw = 9 mm,
Aa = 9,460 mm2, Iay = 33,319 cm4, Wpl = 1,653 cm3
Deck:
Slab depth hs =130 mm, depth above profile hc = 60 mm,
Deck profile height hp = 60 mm, hd = hp + 10 mm for re-entrant stiffener,
sr = 300 mm, b0 = 150 mm
Shear Connectors:
d = 19 mm, h = 95 mm, Fu = 450 MPa
Loadings:
Self-weight slab, decking, reinforcement = 2.567 kN/m2
Self-weight beam = 0.73 kN/m
Construction load = 0.75 kN/m2
Ceiling = 0.5 kN/m2
Partitions (live load) = 1.0 kN/m2
Occupancy (live load) = 4.0 kN/m2

EC-4-2004 Example-001 - 4
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Design for Pre-Composite Condition:

Construction Required Flexural Strength:
wfactored construction = 1.25 • (2.567 • 3.0 + 0.73) + 1.5 • 0.75 • 3.0 = 13.91 kN/m

wfactored construction • L2 13.91 • 122

M
= Ed = = 250.4 kN-m
8 8
Moment Capacity:
M a , pl ,Rd = W pl • f d = 1,653 • 103 • 355 • 10−6 = 587 kN-m
Pre-Composite Deflection:
wconstruction= 2.567 • 3.0 + 0.73= 8.43 kN/m

5 • wconstruction • L4 5 • 8.43 • 12,0004

=δ = = 32.5 mm
384 • E • I ay 384 • 210,000 • 33,319 • 104
Camber
= 0.8 •=
δ 26 mm, which is rounded down to 25 mm

Design for Composite Flexural Strength:

Required Flexural Strength:
wfactored = 1.25 • 0.73 + (1.25 • 2.567 + 1.25 • 0.5 + 1.5 • 1 + 1.5 • 4.0) • 3.0 = 34.91 kN/m

wfactored • L2 34.91 • 122

M
= Ed = = 628.4 kN-m
8 8
Full Composite Action Available Flexural Strength:
Effective width of slab:
2 • L 2 • 12
beff
= = = 3m
8 8
Resistance of slab in compression:
0.85 • f ck
Rc= • beff • hc= 0.85 • (25 /1.5) • 3, 000 • 60 • 10−3= 2,550 kN controls
γc
Resistance of steel section in tension:
Rs = f yd • Aa = 355 • 9, 460 • 10−3 = 3,358 kN

EC-4-2004 Example-001 - 5
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Depth of compression block within steel section flange:

Rs − Rc 3, 358 − 2, 250
=x = = 6 mm
2 • b f • f yd 2 • 190.4 • 355

/ 2 0.273 in.
d 2 x=
=
The plastic axis is in the steel flange and the moment resistance for full composite
action is:
h h  h  ( R − Rc ) 2 t f
Rs  − d 2  +R c  hs − c  - s
M a , pl ,RD =
2 2  2  Rf 4
453.6  60  (3,358 − 2,550) 2 14.5
= 3,358 • 10−3 + 2,550 130 −  • 10−3 − • 10−3
2  2  980 4
= 1020.0 kN-m

Partial Composite Action Available Flexural Strength:

Assume 77.5% composite action:
R=
q 0.775 • R=
s 0.775 • 3,358= 1,976 kN

Tensile Resistance of web:

Rw = 8.5 • (453.6 − 2 •12.7) • 355 •10−3 =
tw • ( D − 2 • t f ) • p y = 1, 292 kN
As Rq > Rw, the plastic axis is in the steel flange, and
h  R h  ( R − Rq ) 2 t f
M c =Rs + Rq  hs − q c  − s
2  Rc 2  Rf 4
453.6  1,976 60  (3,358 − 1,976) 2 14.5
= 3,358 • 10−3 + 1,976 130 − •  • 10−3 − • 10−3
2  2, 250 2  980 4
= 971.2 kN-m

Resistance of Shear Connector:

Resistance of shear connector in solid slab:

2  d2  h 95
PRd= 0.29 • α • d • f ck • Ecm γ v ≤ 0.8 • fu •  π  γ v with α =1.0 for = >4
 4  d 19

0.29 • α • d 2 • = 73 kN controls
γ v 0.29 • 1.0 • 192 • 25 • 30,500 • 10−3 1.25
f ck Ecm =

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 d2   19 
0.8 • fu •  π  γ v =0.8 • 450 •  π  1.25 =81.7 kN
 4   4
Reduction factor for decking perpendicular to beam – assuming two studs per rib:
0.7
=kt
nr
( b0 hp ) ( hsc hp ) − 1 ≤ 0.75 per EN 1994-1-1 Table 6.2
0.7 150
= ( 95 60 ) − 1= 0.72 ≤ 0.75
2 60
PRd = 0.72 • 73= 52 kN
Total resistance with two studs per rib and 19 ribs from the support to the mid-span:
Rq =2 • 19 • 52 =1,976 kN

Live Load Deflection:

The second moment of area of the composite section, based on elastic properties, Ic
is given by:
Aa • (h + 2 • hp + hc ) 2 beff • hc3
=Ic + + I ay
4 • (1 + n • r ) 12 • n
Aa 9, 460
=r = = 0.052
beff • hc 3, 000 • 60
Assuming, as in the original example, n = modular ratio = 10 for normal weight
concrete subject to variable loads
9, 460 • (457 + 2 • 70 + 60) 2 3, 000 • 603
=Ic + + 33,320 • 104
4 • (1 + 10 • 0.052) 12 • 10
= (6.69 + 0.05 + 3.33) • 108 = 10.08 • 108 mm 4

5 • wlive • L4 5 • 15 • (12, 000) 4

=
δlive = = 19.1 mm
384 • E • I c 384 • 210, 000 • 10.08 • 108
E E 210, 000
Assuming,
= n = = = 13.77
Ec ,eff Ecm / 2 30,500 / 2

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9, 460 • (457 + 2 • 70 + 60) 2 3, 000 • 603

=Ic + + 33,320 • 104
4 • (1 + 13.77 • 0.052) 12 • 13.77
= (5.92 + 0.04 + 3.33) • 108 = 9.3 • 107 mm 4

5 • wlive • L4 5 • 15 • (12, 000) 4

=
δlive = = 20.7 mm
384 • E • I c 384 • 210, 000 • 9.3 • 107
which matches the output.
Design for Shear Strength:
Required Shear Strength:
wfactored • L 34.91 • 12
=VEd = = 209.5 kN
2 2
Shear Resistance of Steel Section:
457 • 9.0 • 355
=V pl , Rd = 843 kN
3 • 10−3

EC-4-2004 Example-001 - 8