1

Vocabulary
Main vocabulary
Unit 7:
respond ‫ت‬٤‫َزغ‬٣ emergency services ‫ء‬ٟ‫اه‬ٞ‫فلٓبد اُط‬
response ‫ إٍزغبثخ‬dust ‫ؿجبه‬/ ‫٘ل٘ ٖٓ األروثخ‬٣
first aid ‫خ‬٤ُٝ‫ إٍؼبكبد أ‬dusty ‫ء ثبألروثخ‬٠٤ِٓ
breathe ٌ‫ز٘ل‬٣ CPR = cardiopulmonary ٟٞ‫ هئ‬٠‫إٗؼبُ هِج‬
resuscitation
breath ٌ‫ ٗل‬allergy ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫ؽَب‬
breathing ٌ‫خ اُز٘ل‬٤ِٔ‫ ػ‬allergic ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫ ؽَب‬ٚ٣‫ُل‬
soil ‫ اُزوثخ‬danger ‫فطو‬
at least َ‫ األه‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬pets ٕ‫ا‬ُٞ‫أ‬
waste ‫جنه‬٣ / ‫غ‬٤ٚ٣ domestic = tame ‫ق‬٤ُ‫أ‬
rule ‫ هبػلح‬evacuate ٕ‫ ػٖ ٌٓب‬٠ِ‫ق‬٣ / ٠ِ‫غ‬٣
law ٕٞٗ‫ هب‬evacuation ٕ‫خ إعالء ػٖ ٌٓب‬٤ِٔ‫ػ‬
blanket ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ ثطب‬immediately ‫ؽبال‬
burn ‫ؾزوم‬٣ / ‫ؾوم‬٣ bedding ‫و‬٣‫خ اَُو‬٤‫أؿط‬
burning ‫ ٓؾزوم‬research ‫ ثؾش‬ٟ‫غو‬٣ / ‫ثؾش‬
honest ٖ٤ٓ‫ أ‬researcher ‫ثبؽش‬
wrap ‫ِق‬٣ / ‫ـِق‬٣ mist ‫جبة‬ٙ
trick ‫ فلػخ‬/ ‫قلع‬٣ offer ٗ‫ ػو‬/ ٗ‫ؼو‬٣
hygiene ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ اُ٘ظبكخ اُْق‬injured ‫ٖٓبة‬
sanitation ‫ اُ٘ظبكخ اُؼبٓخ‬injury ‫إٕبثخ‬
available ‫ ٓزبػ‬/ ‫كو‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬bacterium )‫ب (ٓلوك‬٣‫و‬٤‫ثٌز‬
mild ٍ‫ ٓؼزل‬bacteria )‫ب (عٔغ‬٣‫و‬٤‫ثٌز‬
messy ٟٞٙٞ‫ ك‬bacterial )‫ (ٕلخ‬ٟ‫و‬٤‫ثٌز‬
argument ‫خ‬٤ٓ‫ ْٓبكح ًال‬/ ٍ‫ علا‬properly ‫ثٌَْ ٓ٘بٍت‬
agreement ‫ إرلبم‬medical ٠‫ج‬ٛ
trust ‫ صوخ‬/٠‫ضن ك‬٣ leaflet ‫ ْٗوح‬/ ‫ت‬٤‫ًز‬
sneeze ٌ‫ؼط‬٣ complain ٌْٞ٣
Dos and don’ts ‫هاد‬ٞ‫أُؾظ‬ٝ ‫آو‬ٝ‫ األ‬basic ٠ٍ‫أٍب‬

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Vocabulary
Unit 8:
click ًٝ‫ أُب‬٠ِ‫ ٗووح ػ‬/‫٘وو‬٣ vehicle ‫ٓوًجخ‬
brain storm ٠٘ٛ‫ اُؼٖق اُن‬hybrid vehicles ‫غ٘خ‬ٜٓ ‫ٓوًجبد‬
navigate ٙ‫ؾلك إرغب‬٣ /‫جؾو‬٣ GPS = Global Positioning ‫اهغ‬ُٞٔ‫ل ا‬٣‫ٗظبّ رؾل‬
System
navigation ٙ‫ل إرغب‬٣‫ رؾل‬/ ‫ إثؾبه‬luxury ‫ روف‬/ ‫كقبٓخ‬
Sat-nav = satellite ‫خ‬٤‫ ٗظبّ أُالؽخ ثبألهٔبه اُٖ٘بػ‬abroad ‫فبهط اُجالك‬
navigation (system)
distant ‫ل‬٤‫ ثؼ‬aboard ‫٘خ‬٤‫ ٍطؼ اَُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
distance ‫ َٓبكخ‬engine ‫ٓؾوى‬
damage ‫ رِق‬/ ‫زِق‬٣ robot ٠ُ‫إَٗبٕ آ‬
electricity ‫وثبء‬ًٜ app = application ‫ن‬٤‫رطج‬
electric )‫وثبء‬ٌُٜ‫ؼَٔ ثب‬٣( ٠‫وثبئ‬ًٜ translation ‫روعٔخ‬
feedback ‫خ هاعؼخ‬٣‫ رـن‬noise ‫بء‬ٙٞٙ
chat ‫ كهكّخ‬/ ُ‫لهك‬٣ rope َ‫ؽج‬
quiz ‫و‬٤ٖ‫ إٓزؾبٕ ه‬technology ‫ب‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ر‬
affect ٠ِ‫ؤصو ػ‬٣ skill ‫بهح‬ٜٓ
effect ‫و‬٤‫ رأص‬completely ‫رٔبٓب‬
invent ‫قزوع‬٣ familiar ‫ف‬ُٞ‫ٓأ‬
invention ‫ إفزواع‬familiarity ‫أُلخ‬
inventor ‫ ٓقزوع‬button ‫ىهاه‬
benefit from ٖٓ ‫ل‬٤‫َزل‬٣ press ٜ‫ـ‬ٚ٣
benefits ‫ائل‬ٞ‫ ك‬progress ّ‫رول‬
beneficial ‫ل‬٤‫ ٓل‬advantages ‫ب‬٣‫ٓيا‬
stress ‫ رخرو‬/ ٜ‫ـ‬ٙ disadvantages ‫ة‬ٞ٤‫ػ‬
stressed )ٓ‫ (ُألّقب‬ٛٞ‫ـ‬ٚٓ / ‫رو‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬tip ‫ؾخ‬٤ٖٗ
stressful )‫بء‬٤ّ‫ (ُأل‬ٜ‫بؿ‬ٙ / ‫رو‬ٞٓ consequences ‫ ٗزبئظ‬/ ‫اهت‬ٞ‫ػ‬
download )‫ؾَٔ (ٖٓ اُ٘ذ‬٣ likely َٔ‫ٖٓ أُؾز‬
electronic ٠ٗٝ‫ إٌُزو‬imagine َ٤‫زق‬٣
collection ‫ػخ‬ٞٔ‫ ٓغ‬article ٍ‫ٓوب‬
event ‫ؽلس‬

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Vocabulary
Unit 9:
orphan ْ٤‫ز‬٣ housekeeper ٍ‫ْٓوكخ أُ٘ي‬
orphanage ‫ ِٓغأ‬servant ّ‫فبك‬
governess )ٍ‫ ٓ٘ي‬٠‫خ (ك‬٤‫ ٓوث‬STEM =science, technology, ٖ٤‫ه‬ٞ‫ٓلهٍخ أُزل‬
engineering, maths
cruel ّ‫ ٕبه‬/ ٠ٍ‫ هب‬boarding school ‫خ‬٤ِ‫ٓلهٍخ كاف‬
cruelty ‫ح‬َٞ‫ اُو‬expert ‫و‬٤‫فج‬
equipment ‫ ٓؼلاد‬experiment )َٔ‫ ٓؼ‬٠‫رغوثخ (ك‬
critical thinking ٟ‫و ٗول‬٤ٌ‫ رل‬bridge ٟ‫ثو‬ًٞ
musician ‫ ػبىف‬/ ‫وبه‬٤ٍٞٓ engineering ‫٘لٍخ‬ٛ
solve َ‫ؾ‬٣ bandage ‫ٔبكح‬ٙ
problem solver ‫ ؽالٍ ٌُِْٔالد‬flat ٞ‫ َٓز‬/ ‫ّوخ‬
businesses ٍ‫ أػٔب‬driverless cars ‫بهاد ثال هبئل‬٤ٍ
wreck ‫٘خ‬٤‫ ؽطبّ ٍل‬probably َٔ‫ٖٓ أُؾز‬
shoulder ‫ ًزق‬slow down ‫ء‬٠‫جط‬٣
frightening ‫ق‬٤‫ ٓق‬relaxed ٠‫ َٓزوف‬/ ‫ؼ‬٣‫َٓزو‬
strange )‫بء‬٤ّ‫ت (ُأل‬٣‫ ؿو‬succeed ‫٘غؼ‬٣
stranger )ٓ‫ت (ُألّقب‬٣‫ ؿو‬success ‫ٗغبػ‬
schooling ً‫ أُلاه‬٠‫ْ ك‬٤ِ‫ اُزؼ‬successful ‫ٗبعؼ‬
bully ‫ ٓز٘ٔو‬/‫ز٘ٔو‬٣ fail َْ‫ل‬٣
bullying ‫ اُز٘ٔو‬failure َْ‫ك‬
educate ِْ‫ؼ‬٣ confidence ‫صوخ‬
education ْ٤ِ‫ رؼ‬appreciate ‫وله‬٣
Unit Ten:
profession ‫٘خ‬ٜٓ scientist ُْ‫ػب‬
professional ‫ ٓؾزوف‬laboratory َٔ‫ٓؼ‬
casualty َ٤‫ هز‬/ ‫ ٖٓبة‬chemist ٢‫بئ‬٤ٔ٤ً
department َْ‫ ه‬chemistry ‫بء‬٤ٔ٤ً
casualty department ‫ء‬ٟ‫اه‬ٞ‫ هَْ اُط‬despite ٖٓ ْ‫ثبُوؿ‬
reward ‫ٌبكأ‬٣ contract ‫ػول‬
award ‫ٔ٘ؼ عبئيح‬٣ / ‫ عبئيح‬practical ٢ِٔ‫ػ‬
rewarding ١‫ ٓغي‬theoretical ٟ‫ٗظو‬
qualifications ‫الد‬ٛ‫ ٓؤ‬improve َٖ‫ؾ‬٣

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Vocabulary
incredibly ‫ٖلم‬٣ ‫ ال‬products ‫ٓ٘زغبد‬
apply for ‫ِت‬ٛ ّ‫ول‬٣ challenge ١‫رؾل‬
college ‫خ‬٤ًِ variety ‫ع‬ٞ٘‫ر‬
training ‫ت‬٣‫ رله‬several ‫ل‬٣‫ػل‬
stress ‫رو‬ٞ‫ ر‬/ ٜ‫ـ‬ٙ deadline ‫و‬٤‫ػل أف‬ٞٓ
stressful )‫بء‬٤ّ‫رو (ُأل‬ٞٓ / ‫ل‬ٜ‫ ٓغ‬obviously ‫ػ‬ٞٙٞ‫ث‬
stressed )ٓ‫ (ُألّقب‬ٛٞ‫ـ‬ٚٓ apprentice ‫ ؽوكخ‬٠‫ٕج‬
tiring ‫ ٓزؼت‬/ ‫ن‬ٛ‫ ٓو‬apprenticeship ٢ٜ٘ٓ ‫ت‬٣‫رله‬
successful ‫ ٗبعؼ‬construction ‫إْٗبء‬
communicator َٖ‫ ٓز‬degree )‫ ؽواهح‬/ ‫خ‬٤ِٔ‫كهعخ (ػ‬
worries ‫بء رَجت هِن‬٤ّ‫ أ‬/ ‫ هِن‬industry ‫اُٖ٘بػخ‬
eligible َٛ‫(ٕلخ) ٓؤ‬ actually ‫اهغ‬ُٞ‫ ا‬٢‫ك‬
popular with ٖٓ ‫ة‬ٞ‫ ٓؾج‬/ ٢‫ ّؼج‬reassure ٖ‫طٔئ‬٣
legal ٢‫ ّوػ‬reassurance ٕ‫ٔئ٘ب‬ٛ‫ا‬
compassion ‫ ّلوخ‬involve ٖٔٚ‫ز‬٣
The public ‫ه‬ٜٞٔ‫ ع‬firefighter ‫لبء‬ٛ‫هعَ إ‬
fair ٗ‫ ٓؼو‬siren ‫ٕلبهح إٗناه‬
notice ‫الؽع‬٣ teammate ‫ن‬٣‫ كو‬ٞٚ‫ػ‬
Unit 11
disability (n) ‫ إػبهخ‬weights (n) ٖ٣‫اى‬ٞٓ
disabled (adj) ‫ ٓؼبم‬race (n) ‫ٍجبم‬
national (adj) ٢ٓٞ‫ ه‬podcast (ed) (v) ٢‫ر‬ٕٞ َ٤‫رَغ‬
physical (adj) ٢ٗ‫ ثل‬metal (n) ٕ‫ٓؼل‬
Olympics (n) ‫بك‬٤‫ُٔج‬ٝ‫ ا‬disc (n) ٓ‫هو‬
achieve (d) (v) ‫ؾون‬٣ Paralympics (n) ‫بك‬٤‫ُٔج‬ٝ‫ا‬
achievement ‫ إٗغبى‬paralympian (n) ٢‫ٔج‬٤ُٝ‫الػت ا‬
compete (d) (v) ٌ‫ز٘بك‬٣ / ٌ‫٘بك‬٣ lift (ed) (v/n) )‫و‬٤َٗ‫ ٖٓؼل (أٍب‬/ ‫وكغ‬٣
competition (n) ‫ ٓ٘بكَخ‬lifter (n) ‫هاكغ‬
employee (n) ‫ظق‬ٞٓ take part in (phras. v) ‫ْبهى‬٣
employer (n) َٔ‫ ٕبؽت ػ‬bronze (n) ‫ٗي‬ٝ‫ثو‬
kung Fu (n) ٞ‫ٗؾ ك‬ًٞ polio (n) ٍ‫لب‬ٛ‫َِّ أ‬
medal (n) ‫خ‬٤ُ‫لا‬٤ٓ compete (d) (v) ٌ‫ز٘بك‬٣

5
Vocabulary
muscle (n) ‫ِخ‬ٚ‫ ػ‬share (d) (v) ‫ْبهى‬٣
powerlifting (n) ٍ‫ هكغ اصوب‬racer (n) ‫ٓزَبثن‬
wheelchair (n) ٢ٍ‫ ًو‬athletics (n) ٟٞ‫أُؼبة ه‬
participate (d) (v) ‫ْبهى‬٣ athlete (n) ٠ٙ‫ب‬٣‫الػت ه‬
champion (n) ٢ٙ‫ب‬٣‫ ثطَ ه‬events (n) ‫أؽلاس‬
championship (n) ‫ُخ‬ٞ‫ ثط‬organization (n) ‫ٓ٘ظٔخ‬
powerlifter (n) ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ ثل‬ٟٞ‫ الػت ه‬sociology (n) ‫ػِْ االعزٔبع‬
terrible (adj) ‫غ‬٤‫ كظ‬campus (n) ٢‫ؽوّ عبٓؼ‬
amazing (adj) َٛ‫ ٓن‬support (ed) (v) ‫َبٗل‬٣
madam (n) ‫لح‬٤ٍ colleague (n) َ٤ٓ‫ى‬
positive (n) ٢‫غبث‬٣‫ ا‬staff (n) ٕ‫ ٌٓب‬٠‫ٖ ك‬٤ِٓ‫ئخ اُؼب‬٤ٛ
marketing (n) ‫ن‬٣َٞ‫ ر‬equal (n/adj) ١ٝ‫َٓب‬
media (n) ّ‫ إػال‬equality (n) ‫اح‬ٝ‫َٓب‬
Unit 12
weave (d) (v) ‫َ٘ظ‬٣ solve (d) (v) َ‫ؾ‬٣
weaver (n) ‫ َٗبط‬solution (n) َ‫ؽ‬
weaving (n) ‫ظ‬٤َُ٘‫ ٕ٘بػخ ا‬fireplace (n) ‫ٓلكأح‬
wave (d) (v) ‫عخ‬ٞٓ / ٚ٣‫ل‬٤‫ػ ث‬ِٞ٣ machine (n) ‫آُخ‬
artificial intelligence (n) ٠‫ مًبء إٕط٘بػ‬machinery (n) ‫ األالد‬/ ‫ٌ٘خ‬٤ُٔ‫ا‬
alone (adj/adv) ٙ‫ ثٔلوك‬the early years ٠ُٝ‫اد األ‬َُٞ٘‫ا‬
lonely (adj) )‫ؽلح‬ُٞ‫ْؼو ثب‬٣( ‫ل‬٤‫ؽ‬ٝ surprised (adj) ِٛ‫ٓ٘ل‬
engaged adj) ‫ثخ‬ٞ‫ ٓقط‬/ ‫ة‬ٞ‫ ٓقط‬prove (d) (v) ‫ضجذ‬٣
engagement (n) ‫ثخ‬ٞ‫ فط‬proof (n) ٕ‫ب‬ٛ‫ ثو‬/ َ٤ُ‫ك‬
take care of (phras. v) ‫ ة‬٢٘‫ؼز‬٣ return (ed) (v) ‫ك‬ٞ‫ؼ‬٣
appear (ed) (v) ‫و‬ٜ‫ظ‬٣ unpleasant (adj) ٚ٣‫ًو‬
disappear (ed) (v) ٢‫قزل‬٣ customer (n) ٕٞ‫ىث‬
guilty (adj) ‫ ٓنٗت‬careless (Adj) َٜٔٓ
guilt (n) ‫ مٗت‬character (n) ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ّق‬
marry = get married (v) ‫ط‬ٝ‫زي‬٣ pace (n) ‫وح) االؽلاس‬٤‫ر‬ٝ( ‫ٍوػخ‬
put pressure on (phras.v) ٠ِ‫ ػ‬ٜ‫ـ‬ٚ٣ page-turner (n) ‫و‬٤‫ًزبة ٓض‬
village (n) ‫خ‬٣‫ هو‬plot (n) ‫خ‬٣‫ا‬ٝ‫ؽجٌخ ه‬
villager (n) ٟ‫ ٖٓ ٌٍبٕ اُوو‬/ ٟٝ‫ هو‬earn (ed) (v) ‫ٌَت‬٣

6
Vocabulary
hide / hid / hidden (v) ٢‫قل‬٣ theme (n) ‫ع‬ٞٙٞٓ / ‫خ‬٤َ٤‫كٌوح هئ‬
gold (n) ‫ت‬ٛ‫ م‬moral (n) ٠‫ أفاله‬١‫ٓـي‬
solve (d) (v) َ‫ؾ‬٣ morals = manners ‫لح‬٤ٔ‫أفالم ؽ‬
mystery (n) ‫ ٍو‬recommend (ed) (v) ‫ٖ٘ؼ‬٣ / ٠ً‫ي‬٣ / ٢ٕٞ٣
mysterious (Adj) ٘ٓ‫ ؿب‬happiness (n) ‫ٍؼبكح‬
confused (adj) ‫و‬٤‫ ٓزؾ‬/ ‫ ٓورجي‬ensure (d) (v) ٖٔٚ٣
confusing (adj) ‫و‬٤‫ ٓؾ‬/ ‫ ٓوثي‬cottage (n) ‫ؿ‬ًٞ
Let’s Check The main vocabulary:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Be careful! People with ……………… or any other respiratory diseases may be affected easily.
a) allergies b) rules c) leaflets d) pets
2- Leaving our flat for two months; it has become ………………… .
a) dust b) dusty c) mess d) messy
3- My grandfather has a great ………………. of Ahmed Shawki's poems in his library.
a) donation b) collection c) separation d) objection
4- When you talk about the advantages of something, you mean its …………….. .
a) demerits b) cons c) merits d) disadvantages
5- The assistant ………………. the cake and asked me to pay for it.
a) ruled b) fed c) did d) wrapp ed
6- ………………… old things is one of the best ways to save the environment.
a) Recycling b) Replaying c) Repeating d) Replacing
7- Do you have a/an …………… on Facebook?
a) accountant b) count c) country d) account
8- The police weren't able to attack the terrorists till they had ………………….. all the civilians.
a) dusted b) breathed c) evacuated d) evaluated
9- The doorman was asked to give a / an ……….….... of the two men who broke into the factory.
a) description b) addiction c) employer d) employee
10- I liked to stay in the farmer's ……….. by the field for some time, but we had to leave quickly.
a) cave b) cottage c) customer d) theme
11- The police attacked the criminals after they had been ………………….. .
a) escaped b) trapped c) assisted d) neglected
12- The manager agreed to attend the meeting on condition that all the ………… should be there.
a) staff b) stuff c) athletics d) audience
13- Every literary work should have a/an ……………….. .
a) moral b) model c) accident d) excuse
14- He fell of the third floor, but fortunately, he was …………… .
a) dead b) live c) alive d) missing
15- Don't call Hamza now; we can tell him the new appointment tomorrow. I think he is ….... .
a) alive b) awaken c) asleep d) available
16- Many countries depend on solar ………………….. to generate electricity.
a) light b) energy c) brilliance d) development
17- He is a / an …………….. in the role of woman in the society.
a) belief b) audience c) author d) believer
7
 Vocabulary
18- After the lesson, Mr. Ali asked a question to get the students' …………………… .
a) stress b) interview c) criticism d) feedback
19- After a long ………………., they admitted that the worker was not guilty.
a) discussion b) impression c) expression d) permission
20- Don’t go on working without taking a / an ………………. . It’s unhealthy.
a) explanation b) appreciation c) break d) stick
21- He always comes on time. He is ……………….. .
a) factual b) actual c) mutual d) punctual
22- ……………… people should have special care from all the society members.
a) Disability b) Disabled c) Enabled d) Enabling
23- There is a big ……….. between the two big companies. Each one wants to control the local market.
a) competition b) collaboration c) cooperation d) frustration
24- My friend’s mother was ill, so they brought a / an ...…...to help her with the housework.
a) attendant b) enemy c) shopkeeper d) certificate
25- Doing this exercise can strengthen your ……………………… .
a) incidents b) insects c) muscles d) tears
26- …………………… should be the basis on which we bring our children up.
a) Morals b) Plots c) Characters d) Proofs
27- It was dark. I needed a / an ………………. .
a) torch b) assistant c) bachelor d) statement
28- He broke the leg, so he can't go upstairs and he often take the ……………. .
a) ladder b) entrance c) gate d) lift
29- What do you …………………. doing in free time, Mahmoud?
a) confuse b) decide c) earn d) recommend
30- It was very cold yesterday, so I sat next to the ……………….. .
a) birthplace b) location c) fireplace d) destination

Expressions and idioms ‫تعبيرات و مصطلحات‬

Unit 7
in an emergency ‫ء‬ٟ‫به‬ٛ ‫س‬ٝ‫ ؽبُخ ؽل‬٠‫ ك‬no more ٖٓ ‫ل‬٣‫ال ٓي‬
as often as you can ‫وا ثوله أَُزطبع‬٤‫ ًض‬it’s most important ‫ْ علا‬ُٜٔ‫ٖٓ ا‬
stay calm ٚ‫ئ‬ٝ‫ل‬ٛ ٠ِ‫ؾبكع ػ‬٣ once a week ‫ع‬ٞ‫ األٍج‬٠‫ٓوح ك‬
contact with pets ‫لخ‬٤ُ‫اٗبد األ‬ٞ٤‫ ٓقبُطخ اُؾ‬forget about it ‫ األٓو‬٠َ٘٣
research into hygiene ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ ثؾش ػٖ اُ٘ظبكخ اُْق‬a home for ٍ ٖٛٞٓ
Unit 8:
know /learn /teach how to (inf) ٕ‫ق أ‬٤ً ِْ‫زؼ‬٣ / ِْ‫ؼ‬٣ / ‫ؼوف‬٣ make life easier ٍَٜ‫بح أ‬٤‫غؼَ اُؾ‬٣
make a difference to ٍ ‫ؾلس كبهم‬٣ on their own َْٜ‫ثأٗل‬
put parts together ‫ب‬٣ٍٞ ‫غٔغ األعياء‬٣ reason for ٍ ‫اَُجت‬
(be) familiar with ٍ ٟ‫ ػبك‬/‫ف‬ُٞ‫ٕ ٓأ‬ٌٞ٣ cause of ٍ ‫اَُجت‬

8
 Vocabulary
information technology ‫ٓبد‬ِٞ‫ب أُؼ‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ ر‬for or against ‫ل‬ٙ ٝ‫ٓغ أ‬
advanced technology ‫ب ٓزولٓخ‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ ر‬even if ُٞ ٠‫ؽز‬
digital technology ‫خ‬٤ٔ‫ب هه‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ ر‬help me find ‫ إٔ أعل‬٠ٗ‫َبػل‬٣
advances / developments in ‫ب‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ اُز‬٠‫هاد ك‬ٞ‫ رط‬at the click of the mouse ‫ٖ (ثَوػخ‬٤‫خ ػ‬ٚٔ‫ ؿ‬٠‫ك‬
technology )‫علا‬
a little / a brief chat ‫وح‬٤ٖ‫ كهكّخ ُلزوح ه‬call in for a chat ‫زَٖ ُِلهكّخ‬٣
in conclusion ....٠ٛ ‫اُقالٕخ‬/ ّ‫ اُقزب‬٠‫ ك‬an online chat ‫ اُ٘ذ‬٠ِ‫كهكّخ ػ‬
shut (close ) with a click ‫د رٌخ ػ٘ل اُـِن‬ٕٞ ‫ؾلس‬٣ lose interest in ‫زٔبّ ة‬ٛ‫لول اإل‬٣
on the other hand ٟ‫ (ُوأ‬ٟ‫خ أفو‬٤‫ ٖٓ ٗبؽ‬need help with ٠‫ؾزبط َٓبػلح ك‬٣
)‫ٓقبُق‬
on the hand )‫خ (ُِْوػ‬٤‫ ٖٓ ٗبؽ‬even more useful ‫و‬٤‫أًضو إكبكح ثٌض‬
Unit 9:
home schooling ٍ‫ أُ٘ي‬٠‫ اُزؼِْ ك‬online learning ‫اُزؼِْ ػجو االٗزوٗذ‬
memories from the past ٠ٙ‫ مًوثبد ٖٓ أُب‬do things better ‫ل‬٤‫بء ثٌَْ ع‬٤ّ‫ األ‬ٟ‫ؤك‬٣
it would be better َٚ‫ٕ ٖٓ األك‬ٌٞ٤ٍ word harder ‫ أًضو‬ٛ‫ؼَٔ ثْ٘ب‬٣
an eight-year-old girl ‫اد‬ٍٞ٘ ٠ٗ‫ب صٔب‬ٛ‫ ث٘ذ ػ٘ل‬lose touch with ‫لول اإلرٖبٍ ة‬٣
get on well with ‫جخ ٓغ‬٤ٛ ‫ ػالهخ‬٠ِ‫ٕ ػ‬ٌٞ٣ keep in touch with ‫ إرٖبٍ ٓغ‬٠ِ‫ٕ ػ‬ٌٞ٣
feel positively about ٞ‫ ٗؾ‬٠‫غبث‬٣‫ إ‬ٙ‫ْؼو ثئرغب‬٣ individual sports ‫خ‬٣‫خ كوك‬٤ٙ‫ب‬٣‫أُؼبة ه‬
over the past decade ٠ٙ‫ ٓلاه اُؼول أُب‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬team sports ‫خ‬٤‫خ عٔبػ‬٣‫أُؼبة كوك‬
from my point of view ٟ‫خ ٗظو‬ٜ‫ع‬ٝ ٖٓ what happened to ٍ ‫ ٓبما ؽلس‬/ ٍ ‫ٓب ؽلس‬
as a consequence ‫غخ ُنُي‬٤‫ ً٘ز‬keep trying ‫ُخ‬ٝ‫ أُؾب‬٠‫َزٔو ك‬٣
Unit 10:
a career in politics ‫بٍخ‬٤َُ‫ ا‬٢‫٘خ ك‬ٜٓ job fair ‫ظبئق‬ُٞ‫ح ٓوبثِخ ػٖ ا‬ٝ‫ٗل‬

CV ( curriculum vitae ) ‫خ‬٤‫وح اُنار‬٤َُ‫ ا‬Book Fair ‫ٓؼوٗ اٌُزبة‬

IT(information technology) ‫ٓبد‬ِٞ‫ب أُؼ‬٤‫ع‬ٌُٞٞ٘‫ ر‬suitable for ‫ٓ٘بٍت ُـ‬

post graduate studies ‫ب‬٤ِ‫ كهاٍبد ػ‬do a degree in ٢‫أفن كهعخ ك‬٣

rewarding job ‫خ‬٣‫لخ ٓغي‬٤‫ظ‬ٝ work experience َٔ‫فجوح ػ‬

good communicator ‫ل‬٤‫ه ع‬ٝ‫ ٓؾب‬work opportunity َٔ‫كوٕخ ػ‬

medical profession ‫٘خ اُطت‬ٜٓ academic study ‫خ‬٤ٔ٣‫كهاٍخ أًبك‬

highly qualified ‫لا‬٤‫َ ع‬ٛ‫ ٓؤ‬vocational jobs ‫خ‬٤ٜ٘ٓ ‫ظبئق‬ٝ

practical solution ٢ِٔ‫ ؽَ ػ‬involve in ٢‫ٔي ك‬ٜ٘٣ / ٢‫ ك‬ٛ‫ه‬ٞ‫ز‬٣

9
 Vocabulary
Prepositions: :‫حروف الجر‬

Unit 7:
cover…….. with ‫ثـــــــــــــــ‬.............. ٠‫ـط‬٣ move around ٠‫ر٘زْو ك‬
protect…from / against ٖٓ ٠ٔ‫ؾ‬٣ talk to ‫زٌِْ ٓغ‬٣
warn….about / against ٖٓ ‫ؾنه‬٣ complain about ٕ‫ ثْأ‬ٌْٞ٣
decide on ‫قزبه‬٣ / ‫ؾلك‬٣ ask for ٖ‫َأٍ ػ‬٣
take off )...ٌ‫قِغ (ٓالث‬٣ / ‫ روِغ اُطبئوح‬ask about ٖ‫َزلَو ػ‬٣
Unit 8:
write down ٕٝ‫ل‬٣ change into ٠ُ‫ٍ إ‬ٞ‫زؾ‬٣
go down َ‫و‬٣ / ٘‫٘قل‬٣ live without ٕٝ‫ِ ثل‬٤‫ؼ‬٣
talk about ٖ‫زٌِْ ػ‬٣ help with ٠‫َبػل ك‬٣
think about ٠‫لٌو ك‬٣ agree with )ٔ‫زلن ٓغ (ّق‬٣
get around ‫َبكو ٖٓ ٌٓبٕ ألفو‬٣ agree about )‫ء‬٠ّ( ٠ِ‫اكن ػ‬ٞ٣
walk around ٍٞ‫زغ‬٣ agree to (inf) ٕ‫اكن أ‬ٞ٣
Unit 9:
advertise for a job ‫لخ‬٤‫ظ‬ٝ ٖ‫ؼِٖ ػ‬٣ apply for a job as ‫لخ‬٤‫ظ‬ٝ ‫زولّ ثطِت‬٣
go along with ‫زلن ٓغ‬٣ give reasons for ٍ ‫ أٍجبة‬٠‫ؼط‬٣
take………out of ٖٓ........... ‫قوط‬٣ come ……..around ُٚ‫ ٓ٘ي‬٠‫ك‬............‫ه‬ٝ‫ي‬٣
refer to ٠ُ‫و إ‬٤ْ٣ for instance ٍ‫َ أُضب‬٤‫ ٍج‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
prefer to ٕ‫َ أ‬ٚ‫ل‬٣ send……….away ‫جؼل‬٣ / ‫طوك‬٣
support ……..with ‫ة‬............ ْ‫لػ‬٣ allow ………to ‫ة‬............... ٍ ‫َٔؼ‬٣
hear about ٖ‫َٔغ ػ‬٣ continue with ‫بّ ة‬٤‫ اُو‬٠‫َزٔو ك‬٣
hear from )‫ل‬٣‫ ثو‬/ َ‫ (هٍبئ‬٠‫زِو‬٣ disagree with ‫زلن ٓغ‬٣ ‫ال‬
ٖٓ
move to ٠ُ‫٘زوَ إ‬٣ take part in ٠‫ْزوى ك‬٣
Unit 11
win a medal for ٠‫خ ك‬٤ُ‫لا‬٤ٓ ‫ٌَت‬٣ medical condition ‫خ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ؽبُخ‬
honest competition ‫لخ‬٣‫ َٓبثوخ ّو‬athletics events ‫خ‬٤ٙ‫ب‬٣‫إؽلاس ه‬
give talk ‫ فطبة‬٢‫ِو‬٣ disabled people ٖ٤‫أُؼبه‬
help…… with disability ‫َبػل ّقٔ ٓؼبم‬٣ sales department ‫ؼبد‬٤‫هَْ أُج‬
work with ‫ؼَٔ ٓغ‬٣ work on )‫ع‬ٝ‫ (ْٓو‬٠ِ‫ؼَٔ ػ‬٣
work for )ٟ‫ؼَٔ ُٖبُؼ (ُل‬٣ work out ‫ ٌِْٓخ ٕؼجخ‬/ ‫ؾَ َٓبُخ‬٣
Unit 12
pace of reform ‫وح االٕالػ‬٤‫ر‬ٝ Pacemaker ‫وثبد اُوِت‬ٙ ْ‫ٓ٘ظ‬

11
Vocabulary
spinning and weaving ‫ظ‬٤َُ٘‫ا‬ٝ ٍ‫( اُـي‬be) married to ٖٓ ‫ط‬ٝ‫ٓزي‬
a friendly way ‫ طريقة ودية‬feel sorry for ٢ِ‫ْؼو ثأٍق ػ‬٣
friendly to ‫ك ٓغ‬ٝ‫ك‬ٝ be /get engaged to ٍ ‫ثخ‬ٞ‫ ٓقط‬/ ٍ ‫ة‬ٞ‫ٓقط‬
take care of ‫ يحترس‬- ‫ يهتم بـ‬put pressure on ٢ِ‫ ػ‬ٛٞ‫ـ‬ٙ ‫غ‬ٚ٣
‫من‬
feel like ٢ٜ‫ْز‬٣ – ‫ل‬٣‫و‬٣ compete with ‫ز٘بكٌ ٓغ‬٣
belong to ‫ ينتمي الي‬campaign for ‫و ؽِٔخ ُـ‬٣‫ثل‬
guilty of ‫ ٓنٗت ة‬new to the village ‫خ‬٣‫ اُوو‬٠ِ‫ل ػ‬٣‫عل‬
instead (of( (V/ing / ُ‫)إع‬ ٖٓ ‫ثلال‬
Let’s Check Prepositions, idioms and expressions:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Call me ……………… an emergency.
a) on b) in c) at d) with
2- Don’t let your little son go out alone or once he may ……………….. lost.
a) get b) go c) give d) make
3- I was embarrassed when she asked me a question to which I couldn’t ………….. an answer.
a) say b) redo c) find d) talk
4- I disagree ………………your opinion about the cause of the accident.
a) with b) off c) into d) onto
5- Her bad behaviour with her sister …………………..many problems with her parents.
a) improves b) proves c) loses d) causes
6- We’re asked to do research …………………... hygiene.
a) into b) onto c) in to d) on to
7- Don’t worry if you make a mistake. ……………… calm and keep on working.
a) have b) play c) stay d) forget
8- It doesn’t matter. Forget all ………………..it.
a) with b) on c) of d) about
9- It’s not healthy for children to contact ……………pets all the time.
a) from b) with c) of d) for
10- Sohaila asked her friends to …………………. comments on her post.
a) live b) do c) leave d) stay
11- I haven’t heard ………………. my uncle since his departure.
a) on b) from c) with d) without
12- …………………..nervous easily is the main reason for losing the final match.
a) Making b) Getting c) Forgetting d) Doing
13- Why don’t you take part …………….. that race?
a) on b) up c) at d) in
14- The new factory advertised ……….……….. many jobs last week.
a) away b) by c) for d) with
15- Yesterday, I helped a man ………………. physical disability.
a) with b) for c) by d) of

11
Vocabulary
16- I often cannot answer the question “What does the underlined word refer …………?”
a) of b) by c) to d) with
17- He was involved ………………… that problem by mistake.
a) to b) in c) at d) on
18- The employer asked me if I had any ……………….. experience.
a) job b) fair c) work d) deadline
19- I don’t think that T-shirt is suitable ………………. me.
a) with b) about c) of d) for
20- It was a difficult question, but I managed to work it ………………… .
a) down b) up c) in d) ou t
21- Adel has been working …………………..this company for ten years now.
a) off b) for c) with d) out
22- The doctors said that the patient's ……………………… condition was good.
a) medicine b) medical c) medicinal d) medication
23- My friend applied ………………..… a new job last week.
a) about b) of c) to d) for
24- You should buy ………………….. products to encourage our national industry.
a) local b) cool c) old-fashioned d) expired
25- The Olympic Games are of the most important athletics ………………… .
a) conditions b) situations c) events d) topics

Collocations: :‫المتالزمات اللفظية‬

Unit 7:
give a medical care to ٍ ‫خ‬٤‫خ اُطج‬٣‫ولّ اُوػب‬٣ have an allergy to ٖٓ ‫خ‬٤ٍ‫ ؽَب‬ٚ٣‫ُل‬
give an extra clean ‫خ‬٤‫بك‬ٙ‫ّ ث٘ظبكخ إ‬ٞ‫و‬٣ have a good weekend ‫خ‬٤‫ػ‬ٞ‫ ػطِخ أٍج‬٠ٚ‫و‬٣
‫لح‬٤‫ٍؼ‬
give advice ‫ؾخ‬٤ٖٗ ٠‫ؼط‬٣ have a shower ْ‫َزؾ‬٣
give first aid ‫خ‬٤ُٝ‫ولّ إٍؼبكبد أ‬٣ have exams coming up ‫جخ‬٣‫ إٓزؾبٗبد هو‬ٚ٣‫ُل‬
get angry ‫ت‬ٚ‫ـ‬٣ have an argument with ‫ فالف ٓغ‬٠‫وغ ك‬٣
get dirty ‫زَـ‬٣ have an accident ‫زؼوٗ ُؾبكس‬٣
take air in or out ٌ‫ز٘ل‬٣ spend time with ‫هذ ٓغ‬ٝ ٠ٚ‫و‬٣
stay clean ‫ ٗظبكخ‬٠‫ؾبكع ػ‬٣ spend money on ٠ِ‫٘لن ٓبال ػ‬٣
stay calm ‫بكئب‬ٛ ٠‫جو‬٣ change the bedding ُ‫خ اُلوا‬٤‫و أؿط‬٤‫ـ‬٣
carry bacteria )ٟٝ‫ب (اُؼل‬٣‫٘وَ اُجٌزو‬٣ feel clean ‫لب‬٤‫ ٗظ‬ٝ‫جل‬٣
keep…….clean ‫ ٗظبكخ‬٠ِ‫ؾبكع ػ‬٣ put pressure on ٠ِ‫ ػ‬ٜ‫ـ‬ٚ٣
say sorry ‫ؼزنه‬٣ follow the rules ‫اػل‬ٞ‫زجغ اُو‬٣
make a mistake ‫ورٌت فطأ‬٣ smell bad ‫ئخ‬٤ٍ ‫ ائؾخ‬ٝ‫م‬
Unit 8:
give directions ‫بد‬ٛ‫ إرغب‬٠‫ؼط‬٣ give an example ٍ‫ ٓضب‬٠‫ؼط‬٣

12
 Vocabulary
give ..understanding ْٜ‫ اُل‬٠ِ‫ػ‬......‫َبػل‬٣ give an address ٕ‫ا‬ٞ٘‫ ػ‬٠‫ؼط‬٣
give an opinion ٟ‫ؼجو ػٖ هأ‬٣ make progress ‫ؾوى رولٓب‬٣
make sure ‫زأًل‬٣ make a chart ٍٝ‫ؼَٔ عل‬٣
do exercise ‫خ‬٤ٙ‫ب‬٣‫ٖ ه‬٣‫ّ ثزٔبه‬ٞ‫و‬٣ do well ‫ل‬٤‫ ثٌَْ ع‬ٟ‫ؤك‬٣
do badly ‫ء‬٠٤ٍ ٌَْ‫ ث‬ٟ‫ؤك‬٣ have fun ‫ٔوػ‬٣
have an effect on ٠ِ‫ رأصو ػ‬ُٚ have free time ‫هذ كواؽ‬ٝ ٚ٣‫ُل‬
have entertainment ٠َِ‫ز‬٣ have tests ‫ إفزجبهاد‬ٚ٣‫ُل‬
take time ‫هذ‬ٝ ‫َزـوم‬٣ take many years ‫وح‬٤‫اد ًض‬ٍٞ٘ ‫رَزـوم‬
leave a comment ‫ن‬٤ِ‫زوى رؼ‬٣ cause a problem ‫َجت ٌِْٓخ‬٣
discuss consequences ‫٘بهِ اُ٘زبئظ‬٣ go online ‫ اُ٘ذ‬٠ِ‫لفَ ػ‬٣
offer advantages ‫ياد‬٤ٔٓ ٗ‫ؼو‬٣ / ّ‫ول‬٣ got lost ‫ن‬٣‫َ اُطو‬ٚ٣ / ٙٞ‫ز‬٣
got nervous ‫زؼٖت‬٣ got somewhere ‫َٖ ٌُٔبٕ ٓب‬٣
find an answer )‫ إعبثخ‬/ ‫ هك‬/ َ‫غل (ؽ‬٣ press a button ‫ ىه‬٠ِ‫ ػ‬ٜ‫ـ‬ٚ٣
Unit 9:
have success ‫ؾون ٗغبػ‬٣ / ‫٘غؼ‬٣ do things better ‫ؼ‬٤‫بء ثٌَْ ٕؾ‬٤ّ‫ األ‬ٟ‫ؤك‬٣

have energy ‫بهخ‬ٛ ٚ٣‫ ُل‬do work َٔ‫ ػ‬ٟ‫ؤك‬٣

have little to eat ًِٚ‫أ‬٤ُ َ٤ِ‫ء ه‬٠ّ ٚ٣‫ ُل‬do experiments ‫ّ ثؼَٔ رغبهة‬ٞ‫و‬٣
have problems ‫ ٌْٓالد‬ٚ٣‫ ُل‬do research into ٠ِ‫ّ ثؼَٔ أثؾبس ػ‬ٞ‫و‬٣
have negative feelings ‫خ‬٤‫ ْٓبػو ٍِج‬ٚ٣‫ ُل‬take …….home ٍ‫ُِٔ٘ي‬......... ‫أفن‬٣
start a fire ‫ن‬٣‫ْؼَ ؽو‬٣ take part in ٠‫ْزوى ك‬٣
start school ‫جلأ اُلهاٍخ‬٣ bring success ‫غِت ٗغبػ‬٣
leave school ‫ اُلهاٍخ‬٠ٜ٘٣ build a car ‫بهح‬٤ٍ ْٖٔ٣
make………happy ‫لا‬٤‫ٍؼ‬.......... َ‫غؼ‬٣ lose a job ‫لخ‬٤‫ظ‬ٝ ‫لول‬٣
make friends ‫ٕ ٕلاهبد‬ٌٞ٣ lose a match ‫قَو ٓجبهاح‬٣
keep...under control ‫طوح‬٤َُ‫رؾذ ا‬....٠ِ‫ؾبكع ػ‬٣ fail a test ‫ إفزجبه‬٠‫وٍت ك‬٣
Unit 10:
meet a deadline ‫ػل أُؾلك‬ُٞٔ‫ ا‬٠‫زْ ك‬٣ do a degree in ٠‫بكح ك‬ّٜ ٠ِ‫ٍ ػ‬ٖٞ‫لهً ُِؾ‬٣
give attention ٚ‫٘زج‬٣ do things well ‫ل‬٤‫بء ثٌَْ ع‬٤ّ‫ أ‬ٟ‫ؤك‬٣
earn much money ‫وا‬٤‫ٌَت ٓبال ًض‬٣ do training ‫ت‬٣‫أفن رله‬٣
offer help ‫ؼوٗ َٓبػلح‬٣ have medical knowledge ‫خ‬٤‫ج‬ٛ ‫ٓبد‬ِٞ‫ ٓؼ‬ٚ٣‫ُل‬
offer support ْ‫ كػ‬/ ‫ولّ َٓبٗلح‬٣ have a variety ‫ع‬ٞ٘‫ز‬٣
take a course ‫خ‬٤‫ج‬٣‫هح رله‬ٝ‫أفن ك‬٣ have a degree in ٠‫خ ك‬٤ِٔ‫ كهعخ ػ‬٠ِ‫ؾَٖ ػ‬٣

13
Vocabulary
tell the truth ‫وخ‬٤‫قجو اُؾو‬٣ get a job ‫لخ‬٤‫ظ‬ٝ ٠ِ‫ؾَٖ ػ‬٣
tell lies = lie ‫ٌنة‬٣ get work and experience َٔ‫ؾَٖ فجوح ػ‬٣
Unit 11
have ramps )‫ أُزؾوًخ‬٠ٍ‫ ٓطبُغ (ٌُِوا‬ٚ‫ ث‬make a difference ‫ؾلس كبهم‬٣
do building work ‫ّ ثأػٔبٍ اُج٘بء‬ٞ‫و‬٣ take a lift up ‫و‬٤َٗ‫ٖؼل ثبألٍب‬٣
have a reason for ٍ ‫ ٍجت‬ٚ٣‫ ُل‬make noise ‫بء‬ٙٞٙ ‫ٖله‬٣
have a disability ‫ إػبهخ‬ٚ٣‫ ُل‬win a medal ‫ٌَت عبئيح‬٣
have positive effect ٠‫غبث‬٣‫و إ‬٤‫ رأص‬ُٚ give a lift ٕ‫َٕ ّقٔ ٌُٔب‬ٞ٣
Unit 12
win first place ٍٝ‫ى ثبُٔوًياأل‬ٞ‫ل‬٣ look sad ‫٘ب‬٣‫ ؽي‬ٝ‫جل‬٣
come first ٍٝ‫ أُوًي األ‬٠‫ ك‬٠‫أر‬٣ look like ٚ‫ْج‬٣
feel confused ‫وح‬٤‫ْؼو ثبُؾ‬٣ earn money ٍ‫ٌَت ٓب‬٣
solve a mystery ‫ ُـي‬/ ٗٞٔ‫ؾَ ؿ‬٣ live lonely life ‫لح‬٤‫ؽ‬ٝ ‫بح‬٤‫ِ ؽ‬٤‫ؼ‬٣
take place ‫ؾلس‬٣ / ‫وغ‬٣
Let’s check Collocations:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- It’s polite to ……………..sorry when you do something wrong.
a) speak b) say c) talk d) tell
2- To be safe, we should ………………. the safety rules
a) follow b) disobey c) avoid d) disguise
3- He ……………most of his money on traveling abroad for fun. He regrets doing it now.
a) sent b) lent c) spent d) bent
4- The official was embarrassed when he was asked a question about the carelessness in his
organisation to which he couldn't ………….. an answer.
a) find b) wonder c) insult d) say
5- You mustn’t eat too much fish. You have an allergy ………….. it.
a) with b) at c) by d) to
6- My mother used to ………………….. the bedding, but I do it now.
a) miss b) waste c) save d) change
7- We don’t know how the accident ……………………… place.
a) broke b) took c) did d) gave
8- She used to ……………….. lonely life before her disappearance.
a) fall b) fail c) leave d) live
9- He was sad. I’m sure he ……………..the test.
a) failed b) fell c) filled d) felt
10- Your bad behaviour with your classmates …………………..many problems with your teachers.
a) improves b) proves c) loses d) causes
11- Bring your children to ……………………the truth.
a) tell b) take c) talk d) speak

14
Vocabulary
12- The teacher asked the students to …………… the deadline and not to be late with their researches.
a) miss b) leave c) meet d) send
13- You need to ………………..an English course to be promoted.
a) make b) talk c) speak d) take
14- The young people find it difficult to ………………. a good job after their graduation.
a) decide b) get c) let d) beg
15- Do you think revising before the exam can …………………..a difference?
a) make b) do c) need d) win
16- Ferial's dream was to ……………………..the gold Olympic medal in karate.
a) give b) win c) gain d) earn
17- One of his main disadvantages as a player is ……………………nervous quickly.
a) doing b) getting c) forgetting d) spending
18- He isn’t a good boy. Don’t …………………friends with him.
a) take b) make c) shake d) break
19- A good captain ……………..his players under control.
a) closes b) saves c) sinks d) keeps
20- Hard work ……………..success.
a) takes b) loses c) makes d) fails
21- Who can …………………. that mystery?
a) solve b) look c) lock d) improve
22- When I ……………..school, I will travel abroad.
a) live b) leave c) start d) do
23- He works as a surgeon. He ……………… much money.
a) wins b) gains c) rewards d) earns
24- My cousin offered to …………………me a lift with his new car.
a) send b) cause c) make d) give
25- All the family were happy when Adham ………………..the first place in Quraan competition.
a) earned b) missed c) gained d) won
26- Don't be ……………….. . I will explain everything to you at once.
a) surprise b) surprising c) confused d) confusing
27- This company will ………………….building work in the New Administrative Capital City.
a) smell b) invite c) do d) find
28- Sleeping early ………………a positive effect on your health.
a) has b) makes c) cooperates d) misses

Synonyms and antonyms ‫ مترادفات و متضادات‬:

Word ٠٘‫أُؼ‬ Synonyms Antonyms ٠٘‫أُؼ‬

respond ‫ت‬٤‫َزغ‬٣ / ‫وك‬٣ answer / reply to ignore َٛ‫زغب‬٣
messy ٟٞٙٞ‫ ك‬disordered / untidy / clean / tidy / ْ‫ ٓ٘ظ‬/ ‫ٓورت‬
confused orderly
hygiene ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ ٗظبكخ ّق‬cleanliness / personal uncleanliness / ‫ اُ٘ظبكخ‬/ ‫ػلّ اُ٘ظبكخ‬
cleanliness sanitation ‫ػبٓخ‬
evacuate ‫جؼل‬٣/ ٠ِ‫ق‬٣ / ٠ِ‫غ‬٣ abandon / desert / hold / occupy / ‫َٔي‬٣ / َ‫ْـ‬٣

15
 Vocabulary
clear seize
wrap / ‫ـِق‬٣ / ‫ِق‬٣ cover / package / unfold / unwrap ‫َ اُـطبء‬٣‫ي‬٣ / ‫لي‬٣
٠‫ـط‬٣ bundle up
available ‫ ٓزبػ‬/ ‫كو‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬obtainable / unavailable / busy / ٍٞ‫ ْٓـ‬/ ‫و ٓزبػ‬٤‫ؿ‬
accessible / free engaged
argument ٍ‫ علا‬/ ‫ فالف‬disagreement agreement ‫اكوخ‬ٞٓ / ‫إرلبم‬
Unit 8:
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Meaning
stressful ‫ل‬ٜ‫ ٓغ‬/ ‫رو‬ٞٓ exhausting / hard / relaxing /easy ٍَٜ/ ‫ؼ‬٣‫ٓو‬
tough
advantages ‫ياد‬٤ٔٓ merits / pros / upsides disadvantages / ‫ة‬ٞ٤‫ػ‬
demerits / downsides
familiar ‫ف‬ُٞ‫ ٓأ‬common / ordinary unfamiliar / rare ‫ف‬ُٞ‫و ٓأ‬٤‫ ؿ‬/ ‫ٗبكه‬
familiar ‫ي‬٣‫ ػي‬/ ‫ ٓووة‬close /dear strange ‫ت‬٣‫ؿو‬
consequences ‫ ٗزبئظ‬results / effects causes ‫أٍجبة‬
online ‫ ٓزَٖ ثبُ٘ذ‬connected disconnected / ‫و ٓزَٖ ثبُ٘ذ‬٤‫ؿ‬
offline
extreme ‫ ٓزطوف‬/‫ل‬٣‫ ّل‬severe / exaggerated moderate )ٍٜٝ( ٍ‫ٓؼزل‬
)‫ء‬٠ّ(
extremist )ٔ‫ ٓزطوف (ّق‬radical / fanatic moderate )ٍٜٝ( ٍ‫ٓؼزل‬
Unit 9:
Word Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Meaning
wealthy ٟ‫ صو‬rich / well-to-do poor / destitute ‫و‬٤‫كو‬
comfortable ‫ؼ‬٣‫ ٓو‬relaxed /relaxing annoying / ‫ٓيػظ‬
uncomfortable
teach ِْ‫ؼ‬٣ educate learn ِْ‫زؼ‬٣
realise ‫لهى‬٣ understand misunderstand ْٜ‫ء اُل‬٠َ٣
cruel ٠ٍ‫ هب‬unkind / violent friendly / gentle ‫ك‬ٝ‫ك‬ٝ
dead ‫ذ‬٤ٓ lifeless alive ‫بح‬٤‫ل اُؾ‬٤‫ ه‬٠ِ‫ػ‬
employ ‫ظق‬ٞ٣ hire / obtain fire / dismiss ‫طوك‬٣
previous ‫ اَُبثن‬earlier / former later / following ٠ُ‫اُزب‬
huge ْ‫ق‬ٙ enormous/ giant/ tiny ‫و علا‬٤‫ٕـ‬
massive
importance ‫خ‬٤ٔٛ‫ أ‬significance insignificance/ ‫خ‬٤ٔٛ‫ٕ أ‬ٝ‫ثل‬
unimportance
nearby ‫ت‬٣‫ هو‬close far / remote ‫ل‬٤‫ثؼ‬
explain ‫ْوػ‬٣ clarify distract/complicate ُْٞ٣
/confuse
16
 Vocabulary
especially ‫ٕب‬ٖٞ‫ ف‬particularly generally ‫ٓب‬ٞٔ‫ػ‬
definitely ‫ل‬٤ً‫ ثبُزأ‬certainly / absolutely indefinitely ‫و ٓؾلك‬٤‫ثٌَْ ؿ‬
exciting ‫و‬٤‫ ٓض‬thrilling boring َٔٓ

Unit 10:
Words Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Meaning
stressful ‫رو‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬/ ٛٞ‫ـ‬ٚٓ worrying / demanding relaxing / easy ‫ؼ‬٣‫ ٓو‬/ ٍَٜ
rewarding ٟ‫ ٓغي‬satisfying / worthwhile unrewarding ٟ‫و ٓغي‬٤‫ؿ‬
reliable / ٚ‫م ث‬ٞ‫ص‬ٞٓ dependable / trustworthy unreliable / ‫ ال‬/ ٚ‫م ث‬ٞ‫ص‬ٞٓ ‫و‬٤‫ؿ‬
ٚ٤ِ‫ؼزٔل ػ‬٣ untrustworthy ٚ٤ِ‫ؼزٔل ػ‬٣
reassuring ٖ‫ ٓطٔئ‬comforting worrying ‫هِن‬
hard-working ‫ل‬ٜ‫ ٓغز‬Industrious lazy ٕ‫ًَال‬
flexible ٕ‫ ٓو‬adaptable / adjustable inflexible ٕ‫و ٓو‬٤‫ؿ‬
caring ْ‫ز‬ٜٓ concerned / loving/attentive uncaring / cruel ٠ٍ‫ هب‬/ ْ‫ز‬ٜٓ ‫و‬٤‫ؿ‬
involve ٖٔٚ‫ز‬٣ include exclude ‫َزجؼل‬٣
reassure ٖ‫طٔئ‬٣ assure / comfort annoy / worry ‫ن‬٣‫ب‬ٚ٣ / ‫وِن‬٣
construction ‫ اُج٘بء‬building destruction ‫ كٓبه‬/ ّ‫ل‬ٛ
improve َٖ‫ؾ‬٣ enhance deteriorate ‫ه‬ٞٛ‫زل‬٣
Unit 11
Words Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Meaning

amazing َٛ‫ ٓن‬astonishing / fascinating / ordinary / believable / ٟ‫ػبك‬

awesome / surprising credible / insignificant
suitable ‫ ٓ٘بٍت‬appropriate / acceptable / inappropriate / unfit / ‫و ٓ٘بٍت‬٤‫ؿ‬
convenient / fit inadequate / improper
disability ‫ إػبهخ‬restriction / defect / strength / fitness / health / ‫ح‬ٞ‫ ه‬/ ‫ٕؾخ‬
drawback / lack ability
national ٠ٓٞ‫ ه‬/ ٠٘ٛٝ internal / civil / public / local international ٢ُٝ‫ك‬
physical ٠ٗ‫ ثل‬bodily / fleshy / corporal mental / intellectual / ٠٘ٛ‫ م‬/ ٠ِ‫ػو‬
spiritual
compete ٌ‫ز٘بك‬٣ contest / face / clash / surrender / give up / ‫َ٘ؾت‬٣
encounter / take part in retreat / yield
terrible ‫ء‬٠٤ٍ / ‫غ‬٤‫ كظ‬horrible / awful / disastrous beautiful / comforting / َ٤ٔ‫ع‬
‫علا‬ / dreadful pleasant
support ‫َبٗل‬٣ / ْ‫لػ‬٣ aid / approve / establish / discourage / hinder / ‫م‬ٞ‫ؼ‬٣
boost disapprove / oppose
difference ‫ إفزالف‬distinction / contrast / similarity / likeness / ٚ‫رْبث‬
diversity / variation sameness

17
 Vocabulary
participate ‫ْبهى‬٣ take part in / share / play observe / watch / direct ‫الؽع‬٣
/engage
Unit 12
Words Meaning Synonyms Antonyms Meaning
inspire ‫ؾش‬٣ / ِْٜ٣ stimulate / encourage / discourage / depress / ‫ْغغ‬٣ ‫ال‬
٠ِ‫ػ‬ prompt / motivate block / dissuade
personally ٠ٖ‫ ّق‬privately / independently / in generally / publicly / ‫ٓب‬ٞٔ‫ػ‬
person openly
benefits ‫ائل‬ٞ‫ ك‬advantage / profit / gain / aid loss / disadvantage ‫فَبهح‬
negotiate ٗٝ‫زلب‬٣ debate / discuss / consult confuse / disagree / deny ‫ورجي‬٣
respond ‫ت‬٤‫َزغ‬٣ answer /react / reply ask / reply / request /leave ٍ‫َأ‬٣
diversity ‫ع‬ٞ٘‫ ر‬variety / variation / difference uniformity / sameness / ‫خ‬٤‫ ٗٔط‬/ ٚ‫رْبث‬
identicalness
sign-off ‫ فبرٔخ‬closing / conclusion / ending introduction / beginning ‫خ‬٣‫ ثلا‬/ ‫ٓولٓخ‬
celebrity ‫ه‬ْٜٞٓ ٔ‫ ّق‬star / superstar / figure nonentity ٚ‫ّقٔ ربك‬
Let’s check Synonyms and antonyms:
Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:
1- You should have answered her question clearly. Other words that can replace “answered” are …………
a) avoided b) replied c) responded d) insulted e) rejected
2- We passed stressful time last week. The antonyms of “stressful” are ……………… .
a) confusing b) relaxing c) ambiguous d) tough e) easy
3- The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.
The synonyms of “extreme” are …………………….. .
a) ordinary b) limited c) moderate d) excessive e) exaggerated
4- I don’t like his messy behavior. The synonyms of “messy” are …………………. .
a) tidy b) clean c) untidy d) disordered e) disappeared
5- It's an amazing view. The synonyms of "amazing" are ………………….. .
a) boring b) collaborative c) astonishing d) formal e) fascinating
6- You can choose either the blue jacket or the red one; there is no difference. The antonyms
of "difference" are ………………….. .
a) diversity b) similarity c) sameness d) darkness e) variety
7- Be quiet! You always have arguments with each other. The opposites of “argument” are ………
a) disagreement b) agreement c) development d) disappointment e) harmony
8- You can buy the laptop you asked about. It is available. The synonyms of the word
“available” are …………….. .
a) affordable b) obtainable c) agreeable d) incredible e) accessible
9- They had to evacuate the building before collapsing. The antonyms of “evacuate” are …………..
a) emit b) travel c) construct d) hold e) occupy
10- I’ll be online tonight, so I can reply your emails. The antonyms of “online” are …..… .
a) connected b) moderate c) offline d) contacted e) disconnected
11- It’s an exciting novel. The synonyms of the word “exciting” are ………………… .
a) thrilling b) annoying c) boring d) inspiring e) exhausting

18
Vocabulary
12- Do you think this training suit is suitable for the picnic? Other words for "suitable" are ……. .
a) acceptable b) appropriate c) horrible d) dreadful e) bodily
13- He has an expensive modern car and a big villa. He is a wealthy man. The synonyms of
“wealthy” are …………………….. .
a) destitute b) poor c) expensive d) well-to-do e) rich
14- The was an inevitable consequence of the continuous heavy rain. Other words for
“consequence” are …………………… .
a) result b) reason c) show d) effect e) cause
15- It’s stressful to work such long hours without having a rest. The synonyms of “stressful”
are …………………….. .
a) pleasing b) relaxing c) irritating d) fascinating e) worrying
16- Successful people are always hard-working. The opposites of “hard-working” are ….. .
a) lazy b) energetic c) active d) cheerful e) idle
17- His face is familiar to me. The antonyms of “familiar” in this sentence are ………… .
a) strange b) weak c) complicated d) foreign e) common
18- Definitely, he is genius. The synonym of “definitely” is ……………….. .
a) probably b) absolutely c) indefinitely d) uncertainly e) certainly
19- A tragic play often involves a number of plot devices, including the hero’s fatal flaw.
The synonym of the word “involves” are ………………… .
a) includes b) excludes c) contains d) releases e) destroys
20- My uncle has a huge farm in Tanta. The antonym of “huge” is ……………….. .
a) massive b) big c) tiny d) enormous e) microscopic
21- His disability prevents him from working for long hours. The word "disability" can be
replaced by ………………….. .
a) presentation b) restriction c) respect d) defect e) creativity
22- It’s necessary for you to improve your skills or you may face many problems at your
work. The antonyms of the word “improve” are …………………….. .
a) enrich b) deteriorate c) reinforce d) damage e) enhance
23- The government will soon begin construction on a new major housing development.
The synonyms of “construction” are ……………….. .
a) foundation b) ruins c) improvement d) building e) destruction

Definitions: :‫التعريفات‬
Unit 7:
evacuate To leave a place because it is not safe.
bacteria Very small living things that cause diseases.
breathe To take air in and out of your body.
first aid Basic medical help given quickly.
CPR - Something you do to help someone take air in and out of your body.
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
19
 Vocabulary
soil The top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc, grow.
emergency Basic medical help given quickly and describes the people who come to help you
services very quickly.
dust Dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of dirt that that in buildings on
furniture, floors, etc, if they are not kept clean.
burn Damage to the body caused by fire or heat.

Unit 8:
familiar Well-known to you and easy to know.
GPS Global Positioning System.
The system that uses signals from satellites to find the position of objects.
quiz Some questions to know how much you know.
hybrid vehicle To use both petrol and electricity to drive an engine.
get around To travel from a place to another.
find out To know / learn something that you didn’t know before.
feedback Information about how well or badly you did.
chat To communicate with other people online.
Click To press a button on the computer mouse to choose something on the computer
screen.
Navigate To find which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to
another.
app Software on your smartphone.

Unit 9:
schooling Education at school.
cruel Unkind and hurting others.
a housekeeper A servant looks after the whole house / home.
bullying The use of strength and power to frighten or hurt people who are weaker.
an orphan A child whose parents died / are dead.
make friends To start friendship with someone.
a governess A woman who teaches children at their home.
a servant A person who works for people in their house.

Unit 10:
rewarding Doing something that makes you feel good.
flexible Describes someone who can change their behaviour in different situations.
attention The act of listening to, looking at or thinking about something carefully.
career The series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work.

21
Vocabulary
practical Relating to real activities and events more than ideas.
qualification Skills or knowledge that makes you eligible for a job or work.
casualty An emergency room in hospitals.
department
apprenticeship A period of time working to learn skills needed to do something.
attendant A person whose job involves helping the public
communicator A person who talks about his ideas and emotions in a clear way.
degree Qualification you receive when you finish university
industry A particular kind of business that produces a particular type of goods.
siren A device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning.
contract A legal agreement.
teammate A member of the same team.
stressful Something which causes worry.
apply Make a formal request in writing.
reliable Does what they say they’ll do.

Unit 11
Word Meaning
activist someone who tries to change things
campaign to work in an organised way to change things
highs and lows refer to successful and unsuccessful times
ramp a sloping surface joining two places of different levels
spina bifida some bones in the spine have not developed normally at birth
request to ask for something in a polite or formal way
nod to move your head up and down especially in order to show agreement
or understanding
sign-off another way for the close of an e-mail
Unit 12
Word Definition
engaged to be in a relation to get married
pace how fast the story moves
page-turner a book that is so exciting that you want to read it quickly
put pressure on to force or try to persuade somebody to do something
disappear to be impossible to find

21
Vocabulary
guilty - feeling very ashamed and sad because you know that you have done
something wrong
- having done something that is a crime
weaver a person who makes cloth by twisting wool together
characters the people in the story
mystery something unknown that is difficult to explain or understand
solve to find the answer
theme the story of a book
plot the idea or moral in the story
Let’s check definitions:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Basic medical help given quickly means first ……………………. .
a) class b) division c) gear d) aid
2- To ……………… find which way you need to go when you are travelling from one
place to another.
a) tolerate b) evaluate c) decorate d) navigate
3- ………………… means to take air in and out of your body. .
a) breathe b) manage c) locate d) hurt
4- The top layer of the earth in which plants, trees, etc, grow means …………………. .
a) land b) ground c) earth d) soil
5- Well-known to you and easy to know means ……………….. .
a) reliable b) familiar c) perfect d) suitable
6- To leave a place because it is not safe mean to ……………………. .
a) imitate b) locate c) evacuate d) estimate
7- Some questions to know how much you know are called a / an ……………… .
a) occasion b) event c) quiz d) festival
8- A person who works for people in their house is called a / an ……………….. .
a) employer b) servant c) editor d) waiter
9- To start friendship with someone means to …………………….. .
a) make friends b) take turns c) make mistakes d) take part in
10-To communicate with other people online means to …………………. .
a) talk b) tell c) speak d) chat
11- To ……………… means to damage to the body caused by fire or heat.
a) turn b) burn c) harm d) hurt
12- Information about how well or badly you did means ………………… .
a) feedback b) underground c) background d) blackmail
13- A / An ……………..is a child whose parents died / are dead.
a) orphan b) worker c) enemy d) tutor
14- A device that makes a long loud sound as a signal or warning means a / an ……….… .
a) camera b) siren c) atom d) application
22
Vocabulary
15- A / An …………… is a legal agreement.
a) contact b) argument c) contract d) engagement
16- The use of strength and power to frighten or hurt people who are weaker means …….. .
a) fishing b) bullying c) collecting d) screaming
17- A/An ……………. is a metal disc that you can win when you do or play a sport.
a) medal b) opinion c) offer d) cart
18- To make a formal request in writing means to ……………….. .
a) spy b) supply c) reply d) apply
19- A / An …………….. is a woman who teaches children at their home.
a) governor b) governess c) governorate d) grave
20- A polite way to call a woman whose name you don't know is …………………… .
a) governess b) attendant c) madam d) mister
21- …………………… is a physical condition that limits someone to do something
a) Disability b) Stability c) Possibility d) Diversity
22- A particular kind of business that produces a particular type of goods means ……….. .
a) industry b) trade c) communication d) wealth
23- ………………means someone or something that is worthy of reliance or trust.
a) Breakable b) Reliable c) Sociable d) Flexible
24- …………………… is a sport where people lift weights above their heads
a) Athletics b) Powerlifting c) Screaming d) Shouting
25- To be successful in doing something good means to ……………………. .
a) elevate b) negotiate c) separate d) achieve

General exercises on vocabulary

Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:

1- Modern communication made it ………………….. to buy anything easily.
a) predictable b) obtainable c) available d) readable e) impossible
2- The teacher was angry with the students as they didn’t ………...…. to his question.
a) ask b) answer c) reply d) write e) respond
3- The police asked the residents to …………………before attacking the criminals.
a) evacuate b) breathe c) dust d) burn e) leave

4- I’m sorry. You cannot meet the executive manager because he isn’t available.
The antonyms of the “available” in this sentence are …………………… .
a) dishonest b) busy c) unrecognizable d) dizzy e) unobtainable
5- People must take care about their …..……. to be away from coronavirus infection.
a) cleanliness b) support c) happiness d) hygiene e) suspect
6- My children bedroom used to be messy. The opposites of “messy” are …………. .
a) untidy b) disordered c) tidy d) unclear e) orderly
7- I don’t agree with his thoughts as he is an extremist. Which of the following can replace
“extremist” ?
a) radical b) fanatic c) rightist d) dentists e) archaeologist

23
Vocabulary
8- I want to write an essay about “The advantages of modern technology”. The antonyms
of “advantages” are ………………….. .
a) merits b) downsides c) grades d) degrees e) demerits
9- My father’s work as a mechanic is very stressful. The synonyms of “stressful” are
…….…………….. .
a) exhausting b) exciting c) fascinating d) hard e) relaxing
10- People shouldn’t be extreme in their way of life. The antonyms of “extreme” are ...… .
a) applicable b) moderate c) reasonable d) available e) appropriate
11- This decision may have dangerous consequences for the future of the industry. The
antonyms of “consequences” are
a) cases b) merits c) reasons d) effects e) causes
12- Huge animals like dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. The word “huge” can be
replaced by ………………… .
a) giant b) microscopic c) little d) pygmy e) enormous
13- I don’t like this play. It’s not exciting. The antonyms of the word “exciting” are …….. .
a) interesting b) dull c) boring d) fascinating e) amazing
14- Invite all of your friends, especially Nader. The synonyms of “especially” are ………… .
a) specifically b) generally c) possibly d) loudly e) particularly
15- After the previous arguments, she refused to talk about this problem again. The antonyms
of the word “previous” are ………………… .
a) last b) past c) later d) following e) former
16- Don’t be cruel with your children. The word “cruel” can be replaced with ………….. .
a) violent b) unkind c) friendly d) friendly e) kind
17- She was very happy when she knew that she was involved in the competition. The antonyms
of “involved” are ………………… .
a) excluded b) contained c) expressed d) included e) released
18- The government tries hard to improve the education system in Egypt. The antonyms of
“improve” are ……………… .
a) support b) deteriorate c) evaluate d) generate e) damage
19- To get a job opportunity nowadays, one must be “flexible”. The synonyms of “flexible”
are ……………….. .
a) adaptable b) natural c) adjustable d) normal e) social
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d
1- Hospitals should give a good……………………..care to all patients.
a) hygienic b) medical c) allergic d) medicine
2- After a long time of discussion, they reached an agreement. The antonym of
the word “agreement” here is ………………………….. .
a) argument b) response c) sanitation d) engagement
3- My brother studies hard as he has exams coming ……………………… .
a) up b) about c) for d) back
4- Doctors advise people not to eat food that ………..………………….bad.
a) smells b) sends c) thinks d) smiles
5- People sometimes ……………….. arguments with each other for simple reasons.
a) make b) get c) have d) take

24
Vocabulary
6- Drivers should be able to ……………………. first aid in road accidents as it may take much time to
reach a hospital.
a) do b) give c) get d) make
7- You should often ………..……..……. a shower every day in order not to be ill.
a) have b) take c) give d) make
8-As you drive in the street all the time, you should ………………….calm and don’t
be angry easily.
a) take b) spend c) have d) stay
9-Don’t eat food from a tin if it is ………………………… .
a) labeled b) damaged c) new d) painted
10- My young sister likes cool clothes. She spends much money ……………..… them.
a) with b) for c) of d) on
11- When you can get what you want easily. It means that it is …………………… .
a) messy b) engaged c) available d) clean
12- Basic medical help given quickly is ………………………………… .
a) first emergency b) sanitation c) hygiene d) first aid
13- To keep clean and healthy, people should ……….………. the bedding all the time.
a) change b) take c) get d) have
14- Cleanliness protects us …………….…………….infections.
a) of b) from c) with d) at
15- All of us ……..………..mistakes, but good people who learn from their mistakes.
a) do b) make c) have d) get
16- …………………… means personal cleanliness.
a) Sanitation b) Dirt c) Hygiene d) Discovery
17- When you arrive at your house, you should take your shoes .……………….. .
a) of b) on c) off d) about
18- Students should decide ………………….. their goals in the future.
a) for b) in c) on d) off
19- Lions and elephants are examples of…………….……. animals.
a) domestic b) tamed c) tame d) wild
20- I reached the train station late yesterday, but I asked ……………….my train
and I was happy to know that it leaves after ten minutes.
a) for b) about c) of d) on
21- It’s important to take care of your hygiene to be ……………………………… .
a) health b) cleanliness c) sanitation d) well
22- Scientists are doing……………………… into the causes of cancer.
a) search b) searching c) research d) researching
23- We should be careful because diseases ………..……….around easily and quickly.
a) move b) go c) come d) spread
24- The rules……………………….hygiene are very simple.
a) to b) from c) of d) with
25-The police are investigating the woman’s ……………..……..after the accident.
a) occurrence b) brilliance c) disappearance d) attendance
26- CPR stands for ………………………………………………………….. .
a) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation b) Cleanliness production resource
c) Care possible restrictions d) Clear probable reasons
25
Vocabulary
27- Personal ………………….…..is important if we want to stay healthy.
a) clean b) cleans c) cleaned d) cleanliness
28- People used to take ………………. their shoes inside their flats. It’s a bad habit.
a) off b) by c) on d) from
29- To press a button on the computer mouse to choose something on the computer screen
means to ………………… .
a) strike b) click c) stick d) dive
30- You should be careful at the classroom and write ……………….. what the teacher says.
a) up b) away c) with d) down
31- Living things cannot live ………………………..water.
a) with b) without c) for d) against
32- The government tries hard to change the desert ………………………green land.
a) into b) in to c) on to d) onto
33- I sometimes ask my older sister to help me ……………………..my homework.
a) at b) about c) with d) for
34- I agree …………………..what you say, but we should take it seriously.
a) about b) to c) with d) around
35- My father is a trader, so he gets …………………….all the time.
a) around b) round c) down d) up
36- I asked my brother to borrow 200 pounds and he agreed …………………lend me.
a) with b) about c) for d) to
37- When Mohamed Salah entered the match he ………………………. a difference.
a) made b) took c) gave d) did
38- Some people think that social media is harmful more than useful. Are you ……..or against?
a) with b) for c) from d) of
39- Hany often calls me ……………….. for a chat. He is my best friend.
a) on b) at c) by d) in
40- The traffic jam was the real reason ……………………….. coming late yesterday.
a) of b) for c) with d) by
41- On my first day at school, my teacher helped me ……………………my class.
a) to find b) finding c) found d) to finding
42- Modern technology has ……………………our life easier.
a) done b) forgotten c) made d) written
43- Good students should do everything …………………. their own.
a) by b) for c) with d) on
44- As a result of the increase use of the internet, people lost their interest ……… reading.
a) in b) of c) about d) for
45- I learnt how ………………….. a bike by myself.
a) ride b) to ride c) ridden d) riding
46- My teacher taught me how ………………………..a sentence in the past simple tense.
a) to writing b) write c) writing d) to write
47- I met a tourist and he asked me to ……………………….. him directions to his hotel.
a) take b) make c) give d) say
48- My father asked me to …………………… sure if I could drive the car alone.
a) make b) take c) do d) create

26
Vocabulary
49- We spent two hours at the park and we ………………….. fun.
a) did b) had c) made d) stayed
50- Good teachers ……………….. a great effect on their children.
a) take b) keep c) get d) have
51- I finished my exams last week and I was so happy as I …………………….well
a) spent b) passed c) did d) had
52- We were asked to …………………. a chart and to put it on the wall.
a) give b) make c) do d) offer
53- I will visit you tomorrow if I ………………………….free time.
a) have b) take c) get d) find
54- My friend is very weak in English. He studies hard to ………………………progress.
a) offer b) cause c) make d) give
55- When we were in Alexandria last year, my young brother……………………..lost.
a) gave b) got c) went d) had
56- When you finish reading this post, ………………… your comment.
a) leave b) live c) take d) give
57- My friend showed me a difficult question that I try to …………………. it an answer.
a) get b) take c) do d) find
58- Gerham Bell ………………………the telephones many years ago.
a) discovered b) invented c) explored d) found out
59- I wanted to join a club near my house, so he gave me a/an …………………….to fill in.
a) applicant b) invention c) application d) navigation
60- Yesterday, we ……………………….a nice movie from the internet.
a) uploaded b) downloaded c) overloaded d) explored
61- The policeman made the drivers ………………….their route because of the accident.
a) to change b) changing c) to changing d) change
62- To find which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another
means to ……………………………………….. .
a) get around b) find out c) navigate d) click
63- A/An ………………………..is software on your smartphone.
a) application b) applicant c) feedback d) navigation
64- To communicate with other people online is to ……………………. .
a) press b) speak c) write d) chat
65- Although her mother asked her to help ………………. the housework, she apologized
because she has much homework to do.
a) with b) about c) in d) out
66- Building new cities in the desert changes it ………………. new modern communities.
a) into b) onto c) out of d) away from
67- You shouldn’t depend on anyone. You should do everything ……………. your own.
a) in b) with c) by d) on
68- I was asked to ……………my opinion on an issue that made a big problem at school.
a) remain b) talk c) give d) speak
69- Although he made great efforts, he didn’t ……………… much progress.
a) make b) take c) cause d) receive
70- Criminals are usually known for the ……………………………behavior
a) honest b) cruel c) well-to-do d) enormous
27
Vocabulary
71- A woman who teaches children at their home is called a/an……………………… .
a) orphan b) housekeeper c) servant d) governess
72- A lot of changes happened ………………………..the past decade all around the world.
a) up b) above c) under d) over
73- Never lose hope. Always keep………….……..and you will reach your goal one day.
a) try b) trying c) to try d) to trying
74- People who aren’t wealthy, are ……………………………. .
a) poor b) relaxed c) well-to do d) friendly
75- This …………………..uses long and complex sentences. This is his style of writing.
a) servant b) housekeeper c) orphan d) author
76- Every one of us has some ………………………..from the past that may affect his life.
a) souvenirs b) actions c) accidents d) memories
77- Omar is ....................around to watch the match with us.
a) going b) travelling c) coming d) giving
78- When someone is unkind and hurting others, he is ……………………………… .
a) generous b) miserable c) cruel d) helpful
79- Parents should support their children……………………..love and self-confidence.
a) with b) about c) of d) from
80- I can’t visit you, so it would be ………………………if you visited me.
a) awful b) better c) worse d) worst
81- You can achieve your goals as long as you ………………………..things better.
a) make b) take c) do d) give
82- Unfortunately, l ……………….…………..touch with my old friends.
a) kept b) missed c) lost d) got
83- When he arrived at school, he took his pens and notebooks…..……………his bag.
a) out with b) out off c) out of d) out from
84- When the player committed the same mistake again, the referee …………..him away.
a) got b) lost c) missed d) sent
85- I saw …………………. crying in the street and helped her to go home safely.
a) an eight-year-old girl b) a girl-eight-years-old
c) an eight-years-old-girl d) a girl-eight- year-old
86- The dream that every athlete has, is to take ……………..…the Olympic Games.
a) place b) part in c) turns d) care of
87- My father’s opinion is often the best, so I always go along ………………him.
a) with b) for c) behind d) from
88- I haven’t heard ……………………….my friend who travelled abroad a month ago.
a) about b) from c) with d) by
89- Modern technology has made everything is available and possible. This means
that it has made our life………………………………. .
a) comfortable b) ugly c) annoying d) giant
90- ……………………….is a good way of learning for a certain group of students.
a) Home schooling b) School homing c) Home school d) School home
91- Children usually ………………………. school in Egypt at the age of six.
a) go b) leave c) like d) start
92- Can you give a real reason ……………………….being absent yesterday?
a) of b) for c) about d) on
28
Vocabulary
93- My school is very remote, so I wish my university to be ………………………. .
a) close b) along c) far d) annoying
94- ………………and tolerance two good qualities that our children should be taught.
a) Honesty b) Cruelty c) Poverty d) Stupidity
95- That dog doesn’t move. I think it is …………………. .
a) deadly b) active c) dead d) energetic
66- My mother is a / an ………………. of Ain-Shams University.
a) teammate b) graduate c) apprentice d) assistant
97- We all love Mr. Hamza and he is known for his …………….. .
a) violence b) happiness c) kindness d) dependence
98- Skills or knowledge that makes you eligible for a job or work is a / an ……………. .
a) average b) award c) certificate d) qualification
99- I would like to join the faculty of Education, English ……………….. to be an English
teacher as my father.
a) part b) department c) side d) branch
100- When something is rewarding, it’s ……………………..……… .
a) satisfying b) worrying c) demanding d) relaxing

29
Grammar in points
Grammar Points
Unit 7:
: Should / must
1. َ‫ كبػ‬+ should + inf. ِّٞ‫ٓؼ‬ ٞ‫ االلزشاح – اػطبء اٌشأ‬ٚ – ً‫ذخ ٌٍّغزمج‬١‫رغزخذَ ٌٍٕظ‬
ٍٞ‫ ٓلؼ‬+ should be + p.p. ٍٜٞ‫ٓغ‬
2. ٠٘‫ أُؼ‬٢‫ ك‬should ١ٝ‫خ رَب‬٤‫أٌُِبد االر‬
it is advisable to+ inf / it is desirable to inf / it is a good idea to + inf / it is important to + inf
3. ً‫ فبػ‬+ ought to + inf. ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٚ ‫ذخ ٌٍذبػش‬١‫رغزخذَ ٌٍٕظ‬
4. ً‫ فبػ‬+ had better ‫ذخ‬١‫ رفؼً الػطبء ٔظ‬ٚ ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٚ ‫ذخٌٍذبػش‬١‫رغزخذَ ٌٍٕظ‬
ْ‫ٌؼًّ شئ اال‬
5. ً‫ فبػ‬+ should have + p.p. ‫ اٌّبع‬ٟ‫ شئ ف‬ٍٟ‫َ ػ‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٚ َ‫ش ػٓ إٌذ‬١‫ا ٌٍزؼج‬ِٛ‫غزخذ‬٠
ً‫ فبػ‬+ shouldn’t have + p.p.
ً‫ فبػ‬+ ought to have + p.p.
ً‫ فبػ‬+ oughtn’t to have + p.p.
6. ً‫ فبػ‬+ must + inf. ‫ح‬ٛ‫ اٌّغزمجً – اٌذػ‬ٚ ‫ اٌذبػش‬ٟ‫سح ف‬ٚ‫ش ػٓ اٌؼش‬١‫رغزخذَ ٌٍزؼج‬
ٟ‫خ – االعزٕزبط ف‬٠ٛ‫ذخ اٌم‬١‫ُ – إٌظ‬ِٙ ‫ش ثشئ‬١‫اٌذبسح – اٌززو‬
‫اٌذبػش‬
7. ً‫ فبػ‬+ mustn’t + inf – ‫ذخ‬١‫ش – إٌظ‬٠‫ُ – إٌّغ – اٌزذز‬٠‫ش ػٓ اٌزذش‬١‫رغزخذَ ٌٍزؼج‬
‫بَ ثشئ‬١‫خ ػذَ اٌم‬١ّ٘‫ا‬
٠٘‫ أُؼ‬٢‫ ك‬mustn’t ١ٝ‫خ رَب‬٤‫أٌُِبد االر‬
It isn’t allowed to ‫ ِظذس‬/ It is forbidden to ‫ ِظذس‬/ It is against the law to ‫ِظذس‬
It is illegal to ‫ ِظذس‬/ It is prohibited to ‫ ِظذس‬/ It is banned to ‫ ِظذس‬/ No (Verb + ing)
8. ً‫ فبػ‬+ have to / has to ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٚ‫ اٌذبػش أ‬ٟ‫ االٌضاَ ف‬ٚ ‫سح‬ٚ‫ش ػٓ اٌؼش‬١‫ٌٍزؼج‬
ً‫ فبػ‬+ need to / needs to
9. ً‫ فبػ‬+ had to / needed to ‫ اٌّبع‬ٟ‫ االٌضاَ ف‬ٚ ‫سح‬ٚ‫ش ػٓ اٌؼش‬١‫ٌٍزؼج‬
10. ً‫ فبػ‬+ don’t have to / doesn’t have to ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٚ‫ اٌذبػش ا‬ٟ‫سح ف‬ٚ‫د ػش‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ َ‫ش ػٓ ػذ‬١‫ٌٍزؼج‬
ً‫ فبػ‬+ don’t need to / doesn’t need to
11. ً‫ فبػ‬+ didn’t have to ‫ اٌّبع‬ٟ‫سح ف‬ٚ‫د ػش‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ َ‫ش ػٓ ػذ‬١‫ٌٍزؼج‬
ً‫ فبػ‬+ didn’t need to
12. ً‫ فبػ‬+ needn’t + inf ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٚ‫ اٌذبػش ا‬ٟ‫سح ف‬ٚ‫د ػش‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ َ‫ش ػٓ ػذ‬١‫ٌٍزؼج‬
13. ً‫ فبػ‬+ needn’t have + p.p. ٍٗ‫ ػًّ شئ رُ فؼ‬ٞ‫س‬ٚ‫ش اٌؼش‬١‫ش ػٓ أٗ وبْ ِٓ غ‬١‫ٌٍزؼج‬
ٖ٤٤‫ٖ االر‬٣‫و‬٤‫ٖ اُزؼج‬٤‫الؽع اُلوم ث‬
َ‫ كبػ‬didn’t have to‫ٖٓله‬ ُ
َ‫ كبػ‬needn’t have P.P
Test yourself:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- It is an amazing story. I think you……………. to read it
a) should b) must c) ought d) could
2- I …………………… call my friend Omar. I promised him
a) must b) should c) has to d) mustn’t
3- I suggest that you ………………..join that club. It not expensive but great.
a) must b) should c) mustn’t d) needn’t

31
Grammar in points
4- She suggested that we ………………… go for a walk instead of watching TV.
a) must b) might c) should d) mustn’t
5- I insist that …………………….. have dinner with me today. Don’t refuse.
a) should b) ought to c) must d) mustn’t
6- You …………….. forget to tell your father to confirm the reservation at the hotel.
a) should b) must c) mustn’t d) shouldn’t
7- Parking your car in front of a police station is……………………
a) mustn’t b) allowed c) forbidden d) permitted
8- A child ……………… be rude to their parents
a) should b) must c) mustn’t d) ought to
9- You had ………………. do your best to be the person you want in the future.
a) should b) better c) ought d)must
10- You…………………… smoke in public places.
a) should b) shouldn’t c) must d) mustn’t
11-Nobody is …………………….. to take photos near military places .
a) mustn’t b) banned c) allowed d) prohibited
12- He has all coronavirus symptoms. He …………………… see a doctor.
a) must b) should c) mustn’t d) ought to
13-You look tired. I think you ………………… take a rest
a) must b) should c) ought d) have to
14- I recommend that she ……………………. Send her boss an email about the problem.
a) must b) should c) ought d) have to
15- It would be better if we …………………… him a message.
a) send b) sent c) will send d) must send
16- It is always …………………….. to do sport to keep healthy.
a) advise b) advisable c) forbidden d) banned
17- It is not allowed for …………………. to be late for work.
a)she b) her c) hers d)his
18- You are not permitted ………………………. smoking here.
a) to b) for c) from d) at
19-You …………………… help me if you are busy. I can manage.
a) have to b) need to c) needn’t d) needn’t have
20 -Students ………………. follow school rules.
a) must b) should c) shouldn’t d) shouldn’t have
21-He got sunburnt. He ………………………. all this distance under the sun of the desert
a) should b) shouldn’t c) should have walked d) shouldn’t have walked
22-This place in the forest is full of wild animals. we ………………. camp here.
a) must b) should c) shouldn’t d) mustn’t
23-Nowadays it is not safe for kids to play in the streets. We …………….. let them to do so .
a) shouldn’t b) mustn’t c) should d) must
31
Grammar in points
24- I am your boss and I tell you that you ………………… arrive to work on time.
a) must b) should c) has to d)needs to
25- You ………………. play with knives. It is extremely dangerous.
a) mustn’t b) must c) shouldn’t d) had better
26- You needn’t ………………… for her. She likes eating alone.
a) to wait b) wait c) to waiting d) waiting
27- You ……………………eat while driving. It is against the law.
a) must b) should c) mustn’t d) shouldn’t
28- This building is cracked. It …………………… or someone may be killed.
a) must evacuate b) must be evacuated c) should evacuate d)should be evacuated
29- You …………… talk loudly in the library. It is against the rules.
a) must b) mustn’t c) shouldn’t d) permitted
30- A: I can’t concentrate these days. B: I think you……………… get enough sleep.
a) must b) should c) mustn’t d) can’t
Unit Eight:
The Conditionals
Zero ‫خ‬٤ٖ‫ اُؼبكاد اُْق‬ٝ ‫خ‬٤ِٔ‫رَزقلّ ُِؾوبئن اُؼ‬
Conditional If Present Simple, Present Simple
Present Simple if Present Simple
- If you heat water, it evaporates.
- If water is heated, it evaporates. (Passive)
- Does water evaporate if it is heated? (Question)

First ‫ األِش‬/ ‫ذخ‬١‫ إٌظ‬/ ‫ذ‬٠‫ذ‬ٙ‫ اٌز‬/ ‫ػذ‬ٌٛ‫ ا‬/ ً‫ اٌّغزمج‬ٝ‫ب ف‬ٙ‫ص‬ٚ‫لغ دذ‬ٛ‫رغزخذَ ِغ األدذاس اٌّز‬ٚ
Conditional
:‫ ٌُ رؼذ ػبِخ‬ٚ ‫ب‬ٙ‫ظ‬١‫مخ ارا ٌُ رُ خظ‬١‫اٌذم‬
If Present Simple, َ‫ كبػ‬will / can / may / should‫ٖٓله‬
- If he trains well, he will win the next match.
- The match will be won if he trains well. (Passive)
- Will he win the match if he trains well? (Question)
)Don’t / ‫ اُطِت ( ٖٓله‬ٝ‫ـخ االٓو أ‬٤ٕ ّ‫ اما ُْ رجلأ ثلبػَ اٍزقل‬ٛ‫اة اُْو‬ٞ‫ عِٔخ ع‬٢‫ك‬
- If you see Al, tell him the news.
- If you see Ali, don’t tell him the car was stolen.
Second ‫ذخ‬١‫ إٌظ‬/ ‫ اٌّؼبسع‬ٝ‫س ف‬ٚ‫ٍخ اٌذذ‬١‫رغزخذَ ِغ األدذاس ِغزذ‬ٚ
Conditional
If Past Simple, َ‫ كبػ‬would / could / might ‫ٖٓله‬
If you lent me some money, I would buy the calculator.

32
Grammar in points
The calculator would be bought if you lent me some money. (Passive)
Would you buy the calculator if I lent you some money? (Question)
Third ً‫ ٌُ رزُ وّب أساد اٌفبػ‬ٝ‫ اٌّبػ‬ٝ‫ش ػٓ أدذاس ف‬١‫رغزخذَ ٌٍزؼج‬ٚ
Conditional
If Past perfect , َ‫ كبػ‬would / could / might have P.P
If she had invited us, we would have come.
If we had been invited, we would have come. (Passive)
Would you have come if she invited you? (Question)

if َ‫ثلائ‬

if (Zero) َ‫ ثلائ‬When you heat water, it evaporates.

First Should ً‫ ِظذس فبػ‬, ً‫ فبػ‬will / can / may / should‫ِظذس‬

Second Should ً‫ ِظذس فبػ‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬

Were ً‫ فبػ‬to ‫ِظذس‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬

Were ً‫ش) فبػ‬١ّ‫ ػ‬/ ‫ طفخ‬/ ُ‫(إع‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬

Had ً‫ إعُ فبػ‬، ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬

If it weren’t for (V/ing / ُ‫(إع‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬

Third Had ً‫ فبػ‬P.P ، ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might have P.P

If it hadn’t been for (V/ing / ُ‫(إع‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might have P.P
:‫ اُضبُضخ‬ٝ ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ اُضب‬ٝ ٠ُٝ‫ رَزقلّ ٓغ اُؾبالد اال‬٠‫الؽع ثؼ٘ اُجلائَ اُز‬
- Unless Present Simple, ً‫ فبػ‬will / can / may ‫) ِظذس‬ٝ‫ إٌف‬ٕٝ‫ رذًّ ِؼ‬ٚ(

Unless Past Simple, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫) ِظذس‬ٝ‫ إٌف‬ٕٝ‫ رذًّ ِؼ‬ٚ(

Unless Past Perfect, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might have P.P )ٝ‫ إٌف‬ٕٝ‫ رذًّ ِؼ‬ٚ(

- Without / But for V/ing / ُ‫ إع‬، ً‫ فبػ‬will / can / may‫) ِظذس‬ٝ‫ إٌف‬ٕٝ‫ رذًّ ِؼ‬ٚ(

Without / But for V/ing / ُ‫ إع‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫) ِظذس‬ٝ‫ إٌف‬ٕٝ‫ رذًّ ِؼ‬ٚ(

Without / But for V/ing / ُ‫ فبػً إع‬would / could / might have P.P )ٝ‫ إٌف‬ٕٝ‫ رذًّ ِؼ‬ٚ(

- In case of V/ing / ُ‫ إع‬، ً‫ فبػ‬will / can / may‫ِظذس‬

In case of V/ing / ُ‫ إع‬, ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬

In case of V/ing / ُ‫ فبػً إع‬would / could / might have P.P

33
Grammar in points
If ‫ هبػلح‬٠‫ األىٓ٘خ أَُزقلٓخ ك‬:‫لا‬٤‫رنًوع‬
ٖٓ‫اُي‬ ِّٞ‫أُؼ‬ ٍٜٞ‫أُغ‬
‫بهع‬ُٚٔ‫ا‬ I , we, they you ‫ِظذس ِغ‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬is / are + P.P
ٜ٤َ‫اُج‬ he, she, it you‫ ِغ‬s, es, ies +‫ِظذس‬
٠ٙ‫أُب‬ ‫ ِغ األفؼبي إٌّزظّخ‬d, ed, ied + ً‫فؼ‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬+ was / were + P.P
ٜ٤َ‫اُج‬ ‫ش ِٕزظّخ‬١‫ف صبْ ِغ األفؼبي اٌغ‬٠‫رظش‬
ّ‫ اُزب‬٠ٙ‫أُب‬ ً‫ فبػ‬had P.P ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬+ had been +P.P
ً‫ فبػ‬will / can / may/ should ‫ِظذس‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ِفؼ‬+ will / can / may/ should be P.P
ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might ‫ِظذس‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬+ would / could / might/ should be P.P
ً‫ فبػ‬would / could / might have P.P ‫ي‬ٛ‫ِفؼ‬+ would / could / might have been P.P
Test yourself:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1-If she............................. worried about us , she would phone or something.
a) was b) is c) will be d) has been
2- If I manage to finish work before 6 p.m., I ………………………. shopping.
a) would go b) will go c) would have gone d) went
3- Adel would have caught the train if he…………………………
a) overslept b) had overslept c) hadn’t overslept d) didn’t overslept
4- If I had such a large house like yours, I ..……….. all my friends to spend the weekend with me..
a) will invite b) can invite c) would invite d) would have invited
5- If this machine ………………………… regularly , it will never fail.
a) maintains b) is maintained c) is maintaining d) maintained
6- I would have invited him for the party if I …………….his telephone number.
a) had b) have had c) have d) had had
7- Ice ………………………… quickly If you leave it near the cooker.
a) melt b) melts c) is melt d) will melt
8- If you leave this ice near the cooker, it.……………………………
a) melt b) melts c) is melt d) will melt
9- Ice melts if it.………………………
a) heat b) heats c) is heated d) will heat
10 - If the flight hadn’t been delayed, my boss …………….. on time to the meeting
a) will arrive b) wouldn’t arrive c) would have arrived d) wouldn’t have arrived
11-The burglars would have escaped to a foreign country if they..…………………
a) had caught b) had been caught c) caught d) were caught
12- If Omar ………………………. for the job, he will get it
a) applied b) applies c) had applied d) apply
13-What would happen if an earthquake ……………………..tonight.
a) happen b) happens c) happened d) had happened
14- Wood floats if it ……………………. into water
a)throws b) threw c) is thrown d) will throw
15-If he had to work at the weekend, he …………………… extra money.
a) would pay b) would be paid c) would have paid d) will be paid

34
Grammar in points
16- If you need help, ………………… me know.
a) will let b) let c) would let d) would have let
17- Call me if something important..……………………
a) will happen b) happened c) happens d) had happened
18- If there is a sandstorm tomorrow, we…………………….. go no a picnic.
a) don’t b) won’t c) wouldn’t d) aren’t
19- If there is a sandstorm, people usually ………………………. at home.
a) stay b) will stay c) would stay d) would have stayed
20- If you cool steam, it………………………
a) will condense b) condense c) condenses d) would condense
21- I would have a walk if I …………………….. bored.
a) feel b) felt c) had felt d) feels
22- I would have waked if ………………….. bored.
a) feel b) felt c) had felt d) feels
23- If he shut the door, we …………………..able to the study.
a) won’t be b) wouldn’t be c) wouldn’t have been d) aren.t
24- I ……………………….this watch if it cost me a reasonable sum.
a) will buy b) would buy c) would have bought d) buy
25- If She read this newspaper advertisement, she ……………….. about the job.
a) would know b) will know c) would have known d) knows special notes
26- When she gets up in the morning, she usually…………… texting her friends.
a) starts b) would start c) will start d) would have started
27- I avoid using unnecessary features in my mobile phone ………..the battery gets discharged.
a) in case of b) in case c) if d) without
28- I always take an umbrella ……………….. it rains.
a) but for b) in case c) if d) unless
29- I will open the umbrella ……………………it rains.
a) if b) in case c) without d) unless
30- I won’t be able to pay you ………………….. I get a new job soon .
a) in case of b) if c) unless d) without

Unit 9
Past Simple / Past Perfect
ٜ‫اُواث‬ ٠ُٝ‫ىٖٓ اُغِٔخ اال‬ ‫خ‬٤ٗ‫ىٖٓ اُغِٔخ اُضب‬
1. After / ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬ ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
As soon as
2. ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬ because / as / since ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬
3. Before ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬ ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬
By the time
4. ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬ so / that’s why ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
5. Having p.p. ِّٞ‫ٓؼ‬ ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
6. Having been + p.p. ٍٜٞ‫ٓغ‬ ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
7. On verb-ing ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬

35
 Grammar in points
8. No sooner + had + َ‫ كبػ‬+ p.p. than ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
Hardly + had + َ‫ كبػ‬+ p.p. when ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
Scarcely + had + َ‫ كبػ‬+ p.p. when ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬ ٖٓ ٜ‫اث‬ٝ‫ه‬
9. َ‫ كبػ‬+ had + no sooner + p.p. than ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬ ٖ٤‫عيئ‬
َ‫ كبػ‬+ had + hardly + p.p. when ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
َ‫ كبػ‬+ had + scarcely + p.p. when ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬

10. It was only when ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬ that ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬ ٖٓ ٜ‫اث‬ٝ‫ه‬

It wasn’t until ٖ٤‫عيئ‬
‫ اٌّبع‬ٟ‫ ف‬till / until ‫ٍِخض دبالد لبػذح‬
11. َ‫كبػ‬ didn’t ‫ أُٖله‬٢‫كؼَ ك‬
َ‫كبػ‬ wasn’t / ‫ ؽوف عو‬/ ‫ ٕلخ‬/ ٍْ‫ا‬ until
weren’t till ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬
ٍٞ‫ ٓلؼ‬wasn’t / p.p.
weren’t ٍٜٞ‫خ ُِٔغ‬٤٘‫عِٔخ ٓج‬

12. َ‫ِبع رب‬ After that ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬

13. ‫ؾ‬١‫ِبع ثغ‬ Before that ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬
Test yourself:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- I felt great after I ………………………………….. the exam.
a) pass b) had passed c) was passing d) am passing
2- He .......................... smokes.
a) used to b) any longer c) no more d) any longer
3- He ........................ smoke.
a) used to b) any longer c) no more d) any more
4- Ali did not say that he ……………………………. Sara’s money.
a) had taken b) took c) was taking d) has taken
5- The bike was much more expensive than he …………………………….. at first.
a) think b) was thinking c) had thought d) thought
6- I ....................... my university study in 2000.
a) started b) was starting c) start d) have started
7- The train to Alexandria ………………….. twenty minutes ago.
a) leave b) left c) were leaving d) will leave
8- How did he………………….to Mansoura yesterday?
a) go b) went c) going d) goes
9- We ………………… our block of flats five last October.
a) has painted b) was painted c) painted d) had painted
10-If She were with us tonight, she........................... Omar’s birthday party.
a) attended b) will attend c) has attended d) could attend
11- No sooner ………………… seen my mother than I asked her for lunch
a) have I b) had I c) I had d) did I

36
Grammar in points
12- What did you do after …………….. work yesterday?
a) had left b) left c) leave d) leaving
13- When I got off the bike I saw that one of those tires ……………………… air.
a) will lose b) loses c) lost d) had lost
14- I was sorry that I …………………………………. nicer to him.
a) weren’t b) am not c) haven’t been d) hadn’t been
15- It is time ……………………….. home.
a) go b) have gone c) went d) to go
16 -It is time Omar ……………………………. home.
a) go b) to go c) went d) have gone
17- It was my habit ............................. the morning newspapers.
a) to read b) of reading c) read d) had read
18- Nobody came to the meeting because The secretary …………………………… to tell them about it.
a) forgets b) was forgotten c)forgot d) had forgotten
19- I knew that I ……………………… her somewhere before.
a) see b)was seeing c) had seen d) have seen
20- When we arrived at the station, the bus …………….….so we took the next bus.
a) left b) has left c) had left d) was leaving
21- By the time she was six, she …………………….to speak English well.
a) has learnt b) was learnt c) had learnt d) learnt
22- When the secretary …………..…………the letters, the manager signed them.
a) was typing b) had typed c) has typed d) has been typing
23- Nada went home after ………………the shopping.
a) had done b) has done c) was doing d) doing
24- He looked very pleased because he ………………….the first prize.
a) won b) had won c) has won d) was winning
25- We arrived an hour late. The film ………….…….. an hour earlier.
a) began b) had begun c) has begun d) was beginning
26- No sooner ………………..…the crash than we rushed to the spot.
a) had we heard b) did we heard c) we had heard d) we did hear
27- Having ………………the shopping, mother started to prepare lunch.
a) does b) done c) doing d) she did
28- I………………my own car for three years before anything went wrong with it.
a) 'd had b) had c) was having d) have had
29- It was dark when we reached the park because the sun …………..……down.
a) was going b) has gone c) had gone d) went
30- After Nada had played the piano, she ……………..….her sister with her homework
a) was helping b) helping c) is helping d) helped

37
Grammar in points
Unit 10:
Reported speech
‫به‬٤‫ االفز‬٢‫ اُطبُجخ ك‬٢‫ اث٘ز‬ٝ ‫ اُطبُت‬٢٘‫بٓخ رَبػلى اث‬ٛ ‫اػل‬ٞ‫ه‬
‫ت ِبع‬١‫ج‬٠ ‫ اٌّبع‬:‫خ‬١‫ االعبع‬ٚ ‫بِخ‬ٌٙ‫ اٌمبػذح ا‬-1
‫ؼب ِبع‬٠‫ي ِبع ٔخزبس ٔذٓ أ‬ٛ‫ ارا وبْ فؼً اٌم‬ٟٕ‫ثّؼ‬
- He said that he ..................... Luxor and Aswan.
a) will visit b) has visited c) visits d) had visited
ٟ‫ ثبل‬ٚ had visited ٛ٘ ٚ ‫ادذ ِبع‬ٚ ‫بس‬١‫بساد ٌٓ ٔجذ اال اخز‬١‫ االخز‬ٟ‫ ارا ٔظشٔب ف‬ٚ ‫ “ ِبع‬said " ‫ي‬ٛ‫الدع اْ فؼً اٌم‬
had visited ‫ ٌزن عٕخزبس‬ٚ ‫ ِؼبسع‬ٚ‫بساد ِغزمجً ا‬١‫االخز‬
‫ش ِجبشش‬١‫ والَ غ‬ٌٝ‫ب ا‬ٍٙ٠ٛ‫ لجً رذ‬ٍٟ‫ اٌّبع ؟ ٔجذش ػٓ صِٓ اٌجٍّخ االط‬ٟ‫بس ف‬١‫جذٔب أوضش ِٓ اخز‬ٚ ‫ ِبرا ٔفؼً ارا‬-2
٢‫ٍ االر‬ٝ‫ ٗطجن اُغل‬ٝ
ٗ‫إَٔ اٌُالّ ٓب‬ َ‫إَٔ اٌُالّ َٓزوج‬ ّ‫ ُؾظخ اٌُال‬٢‫اُؾلس ًبٕ ك‬
the previous......... the following......... then ‫اٌىٍّبد‬
the ...... before the ............. after at that moment ٍٝ‫اٌذاٌخ ػ‬
....... earlier ............later at that time ِٓ‫اٌض‬ ً‫اط‬
the next ................
had + pp. َ‫ ِبع رب‬would + inf ‫ِبع ِغزّش‬ ‫اخزش‬
‫ؾ‬١‫ ِبع ثغ‬ٚ‫ أ‬was / were verb-ing was / were + verb-ing
was / were going to + inf
Test yourself (1)
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- He said that he ......................... the match.
a) will see b) had seen c) has seen d) is seeing
2- She said that she ...................... to enroll in a summer course.
a) wanted b) wants c) will want d) have wanted
3- He said that he ..................... to the near mall the day before.
a) would go b( had gone c) was going d) is going
4- He said he ......................... to the near mall the day after.
a) would go b) had gone c) was going d) a & c
5- She told us that she ......................... dinner then.
a) cooked b) had cooked c) was cooking d) would cook
‫و ٓجبّو‬٤‫ ؿ‬٠ُ‫َ اَُؤاٍ ٖٓ ٓجبّو ا‬٣ٞ‫ رؾ‬٢‫ْ كٌوح ك‬ٛ‫أ‬
wh. َ‫ال صْ اُلؼ‬ٝ‫ اُلبػَ ا‬٢‫أر‬٣ whether ٝ‫ أ‬if ٝ‫بّ أ‬ٜ‫ثؼل اكاح االٍزل‬
if + َ‫ كبػ‬+ َ‫كؼ‬
whether
He asked me when ……………………….. my new car.
a) did I buy b) had I bought c) I had bought d) I buy
Test yourself (2)
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- She asked me where ............................... my car the night before.
a) did you park b) had you parked c) I would park d) I had parked

38
Grammar in points
2- His captain wondered why ................... late every time.
a) did he arrive b) he arrived c) he was arriving d) had he arrived
3- The interviewer asked him if ................. any hard skills.
a) he had b) did he have c) had he had d) would he have
4- She wanted to know when ...................................
a) the match is b) is the match c) the match was d) was the match
5- He asked her ......................... was married or not.
a) when b) where c) whether d) weather
6- He ......................his daughter why she had arrived home late?
a) asked b) wondered c) wanted to know d) inquired
‫و ٓجبّو‬٤‫ ؿ‬٠ُ‫َ االٓو ٖٓ ٓجبّو ا‬٣ٞ‫ رؾ‬٢‫ْ كٌوح ك‬ٛ‫أ‬
told / asked / warned / to + ‫ٖٓله‬ 1. He advised me to study hard.
taught ٍٞ‫ٓلؼ‬ ٝ‫أ‬ 2. He warned the girl not to touch
encouraged / advised not to + ‫ٖٓله‬ the hot pan.
told / instructed /ordered .
invited / wanted /expected
Test Yourself (3)
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- Jana agreed ………………her CV to that great company the following week.
a) not to send b) that she sent c) sending d) to send
2- My teacher advised me ……………….exercises every day.
a) to doing b) to do c) doing d) do
3- His friend asked her ………………….. her CV to that hotel as is so bad.
a) not sending b) sending c) not to send d) to send
4- Omar is good at football, so Mr. Adel encouraged him ……………....the school team.
a) to join b) that he join c) that he joins d) not to join
5- The teacher told the class ………………..their best to be ready for the test.
a) not to do b) to do c) do d) doing
6- He …………………me to apply for a different kind of job.
a) said b) wondered c) told d) suggested
Subjunctive ّٟ‫ دبٌخ رغ‬ٟ‫ش ِجبشش ف‬١‫ذ اعزخذاَ اٌّظذس ِغ اٌىالَ اٌغ‬١‫ ج‬ٟ‫الدع االر‬
‫شاد‬١‫ ثؼغ اٌزؼج‬ٚ ‫ػخ افؼبي‬ّٛ‫ اعزخذاَ اٌّظذس ِٓ اٌفؼً ثؼذ ِج‬ٞ‫ ا‬:Subjunctive ‫دبٌخ‬
.‫ سغجخ‬ٚ‫ افزشاع أ‬ٚ‫ ؽٍت أ‬ٚ‫ أِش أ‬ٍٝ‫ ػ‬ٞٛ‫ رذز‬ٟ‫شاد اٌز‬١‫زُ اعزخذاَ ٘زٖ اٌذبٌخ ثؼذ ثؼغ اٌزؼج‬٠
:‫ال االفؼبي‬ٚ‫أ‬
recommend ‫ششخ‬٠
suggest ‫مزشح‬٠ ‫ِظذس‬
insist ‫ظش‬٠ (that) ً‫فبػ‬ ٚ‫أ‬
desire ‫شغت‬٠ should + ‫ِظذس‬
request ‫طٍت‬٠
propose ‫اط‬ٚ‫طٍت ٌٍض‬٠ / ‫مزشح‬٠
demand ‫طٍت‬٠
- He suggested that we be early. (British English)
- He suggested that we should be early. (American English)

39
Grammar in points
He suggested visiting the museum. :‫الدع اٌفشق‬
‫خ‬١‫شاد االر‬١‫ب اٌزؼج‬١ٔ‫ صب‬ٚ
It is necessary
It is vital ‫ِظذس‬
It Is recommended (that) ً‫فبػ‬ ٚ‫أ‬
It is important should + ‫ِظذس‬
it is essential

- It is essential that he be polite at school.

- It is vital that she come on time.
ing ‫ ثـــ‬ٟٙ‫ْ ِٕز‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ recommend / suggest / insist ‫ذا ارا جبء اٌفؼً ِجبششح ثؼذ‬١‫ٌىٓ الدع ج‬
- He recommended having dinner out.
Test Yourself (4)
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- He recommended that we ........................... the next weekend in Al Sokhna.
a) spending b) spend c) to send d) was spending
2- He recommended ................................... the weekend in Al Sokhna.
a) spending b) spend c) to send d) was spending
3- It is vital that he .................... with us to face this problem.
a) is b) was c) being d) be
4- The manager insisted that I ......................... the promotion. He said I was not qualified.
a) get b) not get c) not to get d) not getting
5- She insisted ...........................the match in spite of being injured
a) completing b) to complete c) no to complete d) complete
Test Yourself (5)
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- She inquired ..................... I had time to go walking together or not.
a) where b) whether c) when d) which
2- Dad ......................... Mona had had a terrible accident.
a) said b) told c) said to d) asked
3- Walaa said that there ..................... a sale tomorrow.
a) is b) was c) would be d) will be
4- She said that ice ...................... if heated .
a) melted b) melts c) had melted d) would melt
5- Mr Samy told his secretary that he ………………………… to Sharm El-shiekh the day after.
a) travelled b) will travel c) was travelling d) had travelled
6- Ramy promised me he …………………… me with my homework.
a) will help b) would help c) is helping d) had helped
7- He said the he ………………….. late the night before.
a) arrived b) had arrived c) would arrive d) will arrive

41
Grammar in points
8- The dentist …………………… me that I should brush my teeth before and after meals.
a) asked b) said c) advised d) wondered
9- Omar said that he had bought a new flat the ……………………..year.
a) following b) coming c) previous d) next
10- She said that she was decorating her flat ………………………
a) now b) today c) this week d) then
11- My neighbour told me that he had moved to his house three years …………………..
a) ago b) before c) after d) then
12- She told her mother that she ......................... when she phoned her.
a) had driven b) would drive c) was driving d) is driving
13- Omar said, “I shall change my car.” Omar said that he ........................ his car.
a) should change b) could change c) may change d) is supposed to change
14- Mother says she .............................for a new job soon.
a) applied b) has applied c) would apply d) will apply
15- She said that she would have visited the hospital if she ................. I was sick.
a) knew b) had known c) would know d) knows
16- My father warned me ………………..nervous before exams.
a) not to be b) to be c) be d) that I be
‫الد االفؼبي‬٠ٛ‫الدع اُ٘ رذ‬
Direct ‫ٓجبّو‬ indirect ‫و ٓجبّو‬٤‫ؿ‬ Direct ‫ٓجبّو‬ indirect ‫و ٓجبّو‬٤‫ؿ‬
am /is was may might
are were / was ٜ٤َ‫بهع ث‬ٚٓ ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
have/ has had ‫بهع َٓزٔو‬ٚٓ ‫ٓبٗ َٓزٔو‬
can could ّ‫بهع رب‬ٚٓ ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬
will would ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬ ّ‫ ٓبٗ رب‬ٝ‫ أ‬ٜ٤َ‫ٓبٗ ث‬
must had to- ‫هح‬ٝ‫و‬ٙ ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬ ّ‫ٓبٗ رب‬
- must have +p.p. ‫اٍز٘زبط‬
must ّ‫ٕ ػب‬ٞٗ‫هب‬

:‫ أٍٔبء االّبهح‬ٝ ٕ‫ أٌُب‬ٝ ٕ‫ف اُيٓب‬ٝ‫الد ظو‬٣ٞ‫ْ رؾ‬ٛ‫أ‬

Direct ‫ٓجبّو‬ indirect ‫و ٓجبّو‬٤‫ؿ‬ Direct ‫ٓجبّو‬ indirect ‫و ٓجبّو‬٤‫ؿ‬
now then here there
today that day this that
tonight that night these those
yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day
the previous day the following day
the last day the day after
last month the month before next month the next month
the previous month the following
the last month month
the month after
yet by then ago before
41
Grammar in points

say – says – tell – tells – explains ….etc ً‫ ِغزمجً ِض‬ٚ‫ي ِؼبسع أ‬ٛ‫ ارا وبْ فؼً اٌم‬.1
He says to me’ “ I am tired now.”
He tells me that he is tired
‫خ‬٤‫ك ًِٔب د ٓضَ االر‬ٞ‫ع‬ٝ ‫ ؽبال ػ٘ل‬ٝ‫وح ا‬٤ٖ‫َ ٖٓ كزوح ه‬٤‫ ًبٕ اٌُالّ ه‬2
said just now – has just said – said a short time ago – said a moment ago…..etc
- He said just now, “ I have bought a car today.”
He said just now that he has bought a car today
:‫خ‬١‫شاد االر‬١‫ش ثؼذ اٌزؼج‬١‫زغ‬٠ ‫ الدع اٌفؼً ال‬.3
had better / it is time / would like / would rather / I wish
- Omar said, “ I would rather I went home.”
Omar said that he would rather he went home.
:‫ش‬١‫ اٌضبٌضخ ال رزغ‬ٚ ‫خ‬١ٔ‫ اٌضب‬if ‫ دبٌخ‬ٟ‫ الدع اْ االفؼبي ف‬.4
Hany said to me, “ If I had a car, I would spend the weekend in Alex.”
Hany told me that if he had a car, he would spend the weekend in Alex.
.ٗ‫ أُب‬٠ُ‫ٍ ا‬ٞ‫ ال رؾ‬ٝ ٜ٤َ‫بهع ث‬ٚٓ ْ‫ إٔ اُؾوبئن كائ‬٠َ٘‫ ال ر‬.5
The teacher said to us, “Cairo is the capital of Egypt.”
The teacher told us that Cairo id the capital of Egypt.
‫ي‬ٛ‫ذ‬٠ ٌُٚ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ذ‬٠ ْ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ٕجغ‬٠ ْ‫جذد اٌظشف وب‬ٚ ‫ ارا‬.6
He told me that he ………………….. a new car tomorrow.
a) had bought b) bought c) would buy d) will buy
Test yourself 6:
1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- He asked me if I knew that ……………………….. . )2114ْ‫دا‬ٛ‫(اٌغ‬
a) had she been ill b) she has been ill c) she had been ill d) has she been ill
2- He asked me ………………..I had written my report or not. )2113 ْ‫دا‬ٛ‫(اٌغ‬
a) whether b) weather c) if d) had
3- Ali’s mother asked him where ……………………… . )2112ْ‫دا‬ٛ‫(اٌغ‬
a) he had been b) had he been c) has he been d) he has been
4- Omar promised that he …………………me as soon as the plane lands. )2115 ‫خ‬٠ٛٔ‫(صب‬
a) will phone b) would phone c) phoned d) phones
5- Mona promised that she………………..home the following day. )2111 ‫خ‬٠ٛٔ‫(صب‬
a) be b) would have been c) will be d) will have been
6- Mona has just told Sara that they ………………….to their friend's wedding that night. )2111 ‫خ‬٠ٛٔ‫(صب‬
a) would go b) have gone c) are going d) were going
7-At the wedding party yesterday, the bride said ……......the happiest day of her life.
a) today was b) that day was c) yesterday was d) that day had
8- She asked her teacher how long …………………..in Sudan. )2112ْ‫دا‬ٛ‫(اٌغ‬
a) did he stay b) he has stayed c) he had stayed d) does he stay
9- The teacher asked Omar ………………….all the way on foot.
a) why he came b) if did he come c) how would he come d) if does he come
10- I asked my friend if …………………..operate the computer.
a) could he b) did he c) would he d) he could
11- I admitted that I ……………………... any plans.
a) didn't have b) doesn't have c) don't have d) can't have
42
Grammar in points
12- I …………………. that I would have to ask my mother.
a) explained b) asked c) told d) advised
13- She said that she ………………….. her brother with his homework that afternoon.
a) helping b) is helping c) helps d) was helping
14- Mr. Samy said that he …………………..his driving licence test the previous year.
a) would passed b) passes c) had passed d) was passing
15- He said that his uncle …………………….our products for many years.
a) had sold b) has sold c) would sell d) is selling
16- He told me that he …………………..as a sales assistant before he left his job.
a) works b) had been working c) is working d) would work
17- She asked me whether my uncle ……………… I was trying to find another job.
a) know b) knowing c) knew d) known
18- He asked me why …………………….. to work for their company.
a) do I want b) had I wanted c) did I want d) I wanted
19- She wanted to know how ………………about working in another part of the country.
a) I would feel b) would I feel c) do I feel d) had I felt
20-She asked me …………………. I could tell her how old I was.
a) how b) when c) why d) whether
21- He said ………………….he wanted to be a writer.
a) that b) if c) whether d) what
22- He agreed he ……………..anyone what I had said.
a) hasn't told b) would not tell c) doesn't tell d) won't tell
23- "I ………….…..home tomorrow morning." She promised.
a) am b) would be c) going to be d) will be
24- Mona said that she ………………….. her homework then.
a) is doing b) did c) had done d) was doing
25- She asked me where …………………. at that time.
a) was I living b) I were living c) I was living d) were I living

Unit 11
Grammar: Relative Clause
ِٓ ‫دبٌخ‬ٚ why / what , ‫ب ِب ػذا‬ٍٙ‫د لج‬ٛ‫ج‬ِٛ ‫ٗ غبٌجب‬١ٌ‫ش ا‬١‫ رش‬ٟ‫ االعُ اٌز‬ٚ ‫ب اعُ ِشزشن‬ٙ‫ٓ ث‬١‫طً رغزخذَ ٌشثؾ جٍّز‬ٌٛ‫ػّبئش ا‬
which ‫دبالد‬
who, whom, which, that, whose, where, when, what and why
‫و‬٤ٔٙ ٢٘‫أُؼ‬ ‫ٓالؽظبد‬
َُٕٞ‫ا‬
1. who ٚ ً‫ ٌٍفبػ‬ٟ‫ اٌز‬/ ٞ‫اٌز‬ ‫ب دشف جش‬ٙ‫غجم‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٚ ً‫ فبػ‬ٚ‫ ثؼذ٘ب فؼً ا‬ٟ‫بر‬٠ ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ب اعُ ػبلً رؼ‬ٍٙ‫لج‬
ً‫ي اٌؼبل‬ٛ‫اٌّفؼ‬ ‫ِجبششح‬
2. whom ‫ي‬ٛ‫ ٌٍّفؼ‬ٟ‫ اٌز‬/ ٞ‫ّىٓ اٌز‬٠ ٚ ً‫ ثؼذ فؼ‬ٟ‫بر‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٞ‫ ثؼذ٘ب فبػً فمؾ أ‬ٟ‫بر‬٠ ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ب اعُ ػبلً رؼ‬ٍٙ‫لج‬
ً‫اٌؼبل‬ ‫ب دشف جش ِجبششح‬ٙ‫غجم‬٠ ْ‫أ‬
3. That ٚ ً‫ ٌٍؼبل‬ٟ‫ اٌز‬/ ٞ‫ب اٌز‬ٙ‫غجم‬٠ ‫ ال‬ٚ ً‫ فبػ‬ٚ‫ ثؼذ٘ب فؼً ا‬ٟ‫بر‬٠ ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫ش ػبلً رؼ‬١‫ غ‬ٚ‫ب اعُ ػبلً ا‬ٍٙ‫لج‬
ً‫ش اٌؼبل‬١‫غ‬ commas ‫د‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫ دبٌخ‬ٟ‫ ال رغزخذَ ف‬- ‫دشف جش ِجبششح‬
4. which ً‫ش اٌؼبل‬١‫ ٌغ‬ٟ‫ اٌز‬/ ٞ‫اٌز‬ ‫ب‬ٙ‫غجم‬٠ ْ‫ّىٓ أ‬٠ ٚ ً‫ فبػ‬ٚ‫ ثؼذ٘ب فؼً ا‬ٟ‫بر‬٠ ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫د ػ‬ٛ‫شػبلً رؼ‬١‫ب اعُ غ‬ٍٙ‫لج‬
‫د دشف اٌجش‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ٕٝ‫دشف جش ِجبششح ارا ادزبط اٌّؼ‬

43
 ‫‪Grammar in points‬‬
‫‪5. whose‬‬ ‫اٌز‪ / ٞ‬اٌز‪ٌٍٍّ ٟ‬ى‪١‬خ‬ ‫لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب اعُ ‪ ٚ‬ثؼذ اعُ – االعُ اٌز‪ ٞ‬ثؼذ٘ب ‪٠‬خض أ‪ ٚ‬ربثغ ٌالعُ اٌز‪ ٞ‬لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب‬
‫‪ -‬ال ‪٠‬أر‪ ٟ‬ثؼذ٘ب فؼً – لذ ‪٠‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب دشف جش‬
‫‪6. where‬‬ ‫د‪١‬ش ٌٍّىبْ‬ ‫‪٠ -‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب اعُ ِىبْ ‪ ٚ‬ثؼذ٘ب جٍّخ ث‪ٙ‬ب دذس رُ ف‪ ٟ‬اٌّىبْ اٌز‪ ٞ‬لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب‬
‫‪ -‬ال ‪٠‬زجؼ‪ٙ‬ب فؼً‬
‫‪ -‬ال‪٠‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب دشف جشِىبْ ِجبششح‬
‫‪ -‬ال ‪ٛ٠‬جذ دشف جشِىبْ ف‪ ٟ‬اٌجٍّخ اٌز‪ ٟ‬ثؼذ٘ب‬
‫‪7. when‬‬ ‫ػٕذِب‬ ‫‪٠ -‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب اعُ صِبْ ا‪ٚ ٚ‬لذ ‪ ٚ‬ثؼذ٘ب جٍّخ ث‪ٙ‬ب دذس رُ ف‪ ٟ‬اٌ‪ٛ‬لذ اٌز‪ ٞ‬لجٍ‪ٙ‬ب‬
‫‪-‬ال ‪٠‬زجؼ‪ٙ‬ب فؼً‬
‫‪-‬ال‪٠‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب دشف جش صِبْ ِجبششح‬
‫‪-‬ال ‪ٛ٠‬جذ دشف جش صِبْ ف‪ ٟ‬اٌجٍّخ اٌز‪ ٟ‬ثؼذ٘ب‬
‫‪8. what‬‬ ‫اٌشئ اٌز‪ٞ‬‬ ‫‪-‬ال ‪٠‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب اعُ رؼ‪ٛ‬د ػٍ‪ٗ١‬‬
‫‪٠ -‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب فؼً ا‪ ٚ‬ػّ‪١‬ش ا‪ ٚ‬دشف جش‬
‫‪ّ٠ -‬ىٓ أْ ٔجذأ ث‪ٙ‬ب اٌجٍّخ‬
‫‪9. why‬‬ ‫ٌّبرا‬ ‫‪-‬ال ‪٠‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب اعُ رؼ‪ٛ‬د ػٍ‪ٗ١‬‬
‫‪٠-‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب فؼً ا‪ ٚ‬ػّ‪١‬ش ا‪ ٚ‬دشف جش‬
‫‪ّ٠-‬ىٓ أْ ٔجذأ ث‪ٙ‬ب اٌجٍّخ‬

‫‪10.‬‬ ‫ٓ‪ٞ‬هق‬ ‫‪which‬‬ ‫ٔز‪١‬جخ اٌّ‪ٛ‬لف‬

‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪I met Mohamed Salah‬‬ ‫‪which‬‬ ‫‪made me happy‬‬

‫‪12.‬‬ ‫ك‪ٝ ٢‬ع‪ٞ‬ك أٌُِبد االر‪٤‬خ ‪all – none – some – any – no – few – many :‬‬
‫ٗل‪ َٚ‬اٍزقلاّ ‪ that‬ػِ‪who / whom / which ٠‬‬
‫ٌُٖ ُ‪ ٞ‬عبءد ‪ٓ of‬غ رِي أٌُِبد ال َٗزقلّ ‪َٗ ٝ that‬زقلّ ‪who – which - whom‬‬
‫‪- All the students that you know love you.‬‬
‫‪- All of the students who you know love you.‬‬
‫‪َٗ -‬زقلّ ‪ that‬ثؼل االٍْ ك‪ ٢‬ؽبُخ اُزل‪ َ٤ٚ‬ا‪ ٝ‬اُزور‪٤‬ت‪:‬‬
‫‪It is the best car that Ali has ever bought.‬‬

‫ِغ اٌّىبْ دائّب ٔخزبس ‪٠ ٚ where‬غجم‪ٙ‬ب اٌّىبْ ‪٠ ٚ‬زجؼ‪ٙ‬ب دذس رُ ف‪٘ ٟ‬زا اٌّىبْ ثذ‪ ْٚ‬دشف جش ِىبْ ف‪ ٟ‬اٌجٍّخ اٌز‪ ٟ‬ثؼذ٘ب‬
‫ٌىٓ ف‪ ٟ‬االسثغ دبالد اٌزبٌ‪١‬خ ٔغزخذَ ِغ اٌّىبْ ‪١ٌ ٚ which‬ظ ‪where‬‬

‫‪1. This is the house in………. I live‬‬ ‫لجً اٌفشاؽ ِجبششح دشف جش‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪(where – which –that‬‬
‫‪2. This is the factory ……………. makes toys.‬‬ ‫ثؼذ اٌفشاؽ ِجبششح فؼً‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(where – Which - that‬‬
‫‪3. This is the club ………………I play in.‬‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ اٌز‪ ٟ‬ثؼذ اٌفشاؽ ث‪ٙ‬ب دشف جش ‪٠‬ذي ػٍ‪ٝ‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪(where – Which - that‬‬ ‫اٌّىبْ‬
‫‪4. This is the hotel …………….. I love most.‬‬ ‫اٌجٍّخ اٌز‪ ٟ‬ثؼذ اٌفشاؽ جٍّخ رؼش‪٠‬ف (‪ٚ‬طف‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫(‪)where – Which - that‬‬ ‫ٌٍّىبْ) اٌز‪ ٞ‬لجً اٌفشاؽ‬

‫الدع ‪ٕ٠‬طجك ٘زا اٌىالَ ػٍ‪ِ when ٟ‬غ اٌضِبْ‬

‫‪44‬‬
Grammar in points

who , which , whom َ‫ ٓؾ‬that َ‫ رؾ‬.3

non-defining sentence ‫ش ِذذدح‬١‫ب جٍّخ غ‬ٙٔ‫ ال‬, , ‫ اٌجٍّخ‬ٟ‫ٓ ف‬١‫د فبطٍز‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫ دبٌخ‬ٟ‫ ف‬that ‫ ٌىٓ ال رخزبس اثذا‬.1
1. My mother,...................... is standing over there, is a doctor.
(who – whom - that)
‫خ لجً اٌفشاؽ‬١‫جذد اٌىٍّبد االر‬ٚ ‫ ارا‬who / whom / which ‫ ال رخزش‬ٚ ٞ‫ اججبس‬that ‫ اخزش‬.2
anything – everything – something - nothing - none - few – many – much – all –
the........est - the most .../ the least ً١‫اٌزفؼ‬
This is the most exciting film …………………. I have ever seen.
(which - that)
which ‫ظ‬١ٌ ٚ that َ‫ش اٌؼبلً ٔغزخذ‬١‫ ِغ اٌؼبلً اَ ِغ غ‬who ٚ‫ ا‬that َ‫ّىٓ اعزخذا‬٠ ً١‫ِغ اٌزفؼ‬
- This is the most exciting film that I have ever watched.
He was the best player that / who ever played football.
what / why ‫بٓخ‬ٛ ‫ٓالؽطخ‬
َ‫كؼ‬ what / why ‫عِٔخ‬
‫و‬٤ٔٙ َ‫ كبػ‬+َ‫كؼ‬
I don’t know why he is angry.
I gave him what he asked for
whose ‫ٓالؽظبد فبٕخ ثـــ‬
whose ‫خ‬٤ٌُِِٔ ٢‫ اُز‬/١‫اُن‬
ٍٝ‫ ِٓي ُالٍْ اال‬ٝ‫ ربثغ ا‬ٝ‫ب اٍْ فبٓ ا‬ٛ‫ ثؼل‬ٝ ٍْ‫ب ا‬ِٜ‫ هج‬:whose ّ‫ اٍزقلا‬ٛ‫ّو‬ whose ّ‫ اٍزقلا‬ٛ‫ّو‬

ٍْ‫ا‬ whose ٍْ‫ا‬

1. The secretary whose job is to type the emails, is efficient.
َ‫ اٍْ ٓض‬ٝ َ‫عل ثؼ٘ أٌُِبد رَزقلّ ًلؼ‬ٞ‫بٓخ ر‬ٛ ‫ٓالؽظخ‬
( stay – play – visit – work – like – dislike – end – hopes – dream - exports – imports, etc.)
: َ‫ب ٓجبّوح كؼ‬ٛ‫ أٍبء اما عبء ثؼل‬whose ‫ أٌُِبد ثؼل‬ٙ‫ن‬ٛ ‫ اػزجو‬:‫ اُطبُت‬٢٘‫اث‬
The tourists whose stay ended must renew it.
. (ended) َ‫ب ٓجبّوح كؼ‬ٛ‫ اٍْ الٕ ثؼل‬stay ‫٘ب‬ٛ ‫الؽع‬
The tourists who stay in The Hilton enjoy the view of the Nile.
who ‫ اٍزقلٓ٘ب‬ٝ whose ّ‫ٌٖٔ اٍزقلا‬٣ ‫ب كؼَ كال‬ٛ‫ٌ ثؼل‬٤ُ ٕ‫ كؼَ ال‬stay ‫٘ب‬ٛ ‫الؽع‬
:‫ب‬ِٕٙ ‫ ػذح دبالد‬ٟ‫طً ف‬ٌٛ‫ّىٓ دزف ػّجش ا‬٠ -2
:)ٍٞ‫ ٓؾَ ٓلؼ‬٢‫َٕ ك‬ُٞ‫و ا‬٤ٔٙ ٢٘‫ؼ‬٣( َ‫ كؼ‬ٝ َ‫ كبػ‬ٙ‫ اما عبء ثؼل‬-1
- I liked the car (which) you bought = I liked the car you bought.
verb to be ‫ ًنُي‬ٝ َٕ ُٞ‫و ا‬٤ٔٙ ‫زْ ؽنف‬٤‫ٍ ك‬ٜٞ‫ ُِٔغ‬٢٘‫َٕ كؼَ ٓج‬ُٞ‫و ا‬٤ٔٙ ‫ اما عبء ثؼل‬-2
- The girl who was kidnapped in Alexandria last week was found dead.
- The girl kidnapped in Alexandria last week was found dead.
: ing َ‫ق ُِلؼ‬٤ٚٗ ٝ َُٕٞ‫ ا‬ٝ ‫و‬٤ٔٙ ‫ّ ٗؾنف‬ِٞ‫ ُِٔؼ‬٠٘‫َٕ كؼَ ٓج‬ُٞ‫و ا‬٤ٔٙ ‫ إما ًبٕ ثؼل‬-3
- The man who works in this café is really friendly.-
- The man working in this café is really friendly.
:whom / which ‫َجن‬٣ ٌُٖٝ who / that ‫َجن‬٣ ‫ ؽوف اُغو ال‬-3
- This is the teacher who / whom I told you about.
- The pen by which I write is expensive.
- The pen that I write by is expensive.

45
Grammar in points
.‫ ؽوف اُغو‬٠ُ‫ ا‬٠٘‫َٕ ُؾبعخ أُؼ‬ُٞ‫و ا‬٤ٔٙ َ‫طو الٍقلاّ ؽوف عو هج‬ٚٗ ‫بٗب‬٤‫ أؽ‬-3
- I read a story in which the hero gave his life to rescue his friends.
- He attended a meeting at which he gave a presentation about the new product.
- He must apologize for the rude words he had said.

apologize for which congratulate on which

Thank for which blame for which
Reply to which mean by which
- He made a mistake, for which he should apologize.
story – article – paly- in which meeting at which
novel - book –magazine
Year in which ‫ٍبػخ‬ at which
Month
conversation in which ّٞ٣ on which
- I read a story in which the hero killed the minister.
Test yourself :
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The woman.................. lives next door is helpful.
a) who b) whose c) whom d) which
2- The woman......................... flat is next to us is helpful.
a) who b) whose c) whom d) which
3- The woman for ....................... we delivered the parcel is not Egyptian.
a) who b) whose c) whom d) which
4- I liked the watch .............................last week.
a) you bought it b) which you bought it c) which buying d) you bought
5- My brother,........................is a doctor, has a very expensive car.
a) who b) whose c) whom d) which
6- Adel brought all the things .................. you asked for.
a) which b) that c) who d) when
7- The actor .....................life is the topic of the newspapers main articles was angry.
a) who b) whose c) whom d) which
8- The tourists ...................stay has ended will leave today.
a) who b) whom c) whose d) that
9- The tourists, .......................stay in Hilton, will leave today.
a) who b) whom c) whose d) that
10- The factory ......................makes toys has exported most of its products abroad.
a) where b) whose c) who d) that
11- The factory ............................Omar works is my uncle’s.
a) where b) whose c) who d) that
12- The man ........................in this flat is weird.
a) who live b) living c) lived d) who living
13- It was a big mistake......................... he should apologized.
a) who b) which c) for which d) to which

46
Grammar in points
14- It was a great book......................... the writer summarizes Egypt’s economic problems.
a) in which b) at which c) to which d) by which
15- The best player award was given to Salah .....................made all Egyptian happy and proud.
a) Who b) when c) where d) which
16- Cars ........................ by humans are more dangerous than driverless cars.
a) which drives b) driven c) driving d) that driving
17- I didn’t believe .................. he said. It is his habit to tell lies.
a) Which b) why c) what d) that
18- 1975 is the year ........................ I was born.
a) when b) where c) that d) which
19- 1975 is the year ........................ I was born in.
a) when b) where c) that d) in which
20- I admired Ali ...........................house the meeting was held.
a) whose b) where c) who d) in whose
Unit 12:
Deduction ‫االستنتاج‬
‫اٌمبػذح ثبخزظبس‬
present must + inf ‫ل‬٤ً‫أ‬ ‫اٗذ ٓزأًل‬
‫بهع‬ٚٓ can’t + inf ً١‫ِغزذ‬
may + inf ‫سثّب‬ ‫ش ِزأوذ‬١‫غ‬
might + inf
could + inf
- He has a villa and an expensive car. He must be rich.
- Her car isn’t in the parking area. She can’t be at home.
Past must + have + pp ‫ل‬٤ً‫أ‬ ‫اٗذ ٓزأًل‬
ٗ‫ٓب‬ can’t + have+ pp ً١‫ِغزذ‬
may + have+ pp ‫سثّب‬ ‫ش ِزأوذ‬١‫غ‬
might + have+ pp
- He took several loans. He must have had financial problems.
- She didn’t come to school last week. She might have been ill.
:‫ االٓضِخ‬ٝ ٖٓ‫ اُي‬ٝ ‫ االٍز٘زبط‬٠ِ‫ٖ اُوبػلح ثبٌُِٔبد اُلاُخ ػ‬٤‫ ٗج‬٢‫ٍ االر‬ٝ‫ اُغل‬٢‫ك‬
Key words Present Past
I feel sure ………… Sub + must + Inf Sub + must have + P.P
I feel certain ………. Ex. His car is outside the Ex. I rang him many times, but
I'm sure …………. house, he must be at home. he didn't answer. He must
Surely …………. have been asleep.
Definitely ………. Ex. He came very late to school
Impossibly ………. yesterday. He must have
I think ………….I believe .... missed the school bus.
I'm not sure ……………. may May
I'm not certain ………….. Sub + might + Inf Sub + might + have + P.P
Perhaps ……………… could could
It's possible that ………. Ex. I don't know where Ex. A: I can't find my pen in
47
Grammar in points
It's probable that ………. Ahmed is. He may be in his my school bag.
It is likely …………… room. He might go shopping. B: You may/might have
I don't think so forgotten it at home.
I don't believe
I don't know
Probably, ……………
I feel sure ……-I feel certain…. Sub + can't + Inf Sub + can't have + P.P
I'm sure ………….-Surely, ……… Ex. He has two expensive
Definitely ……Impossibly cars and a nice villa. He can't - His keys and phone are on
………. be poor. the table. He can’t have left
I think ………I believe …………… the house.
: ‫ؾخ‬٤ُٖ٘‫ا‬ Sub + should + Inf ‫ؾخ‬٤ٖٗ Sub + should have + P.P ّ‫ ٗل‬- ُّٞ
should +‫ٖٓله‬ Ex. You should train well to
should have + :ّ‫ اُ٘ل‬ٝ ُِّٞ‫ا‬ win the next match. Ex. You lost the match because
p.p. you didn't train well.
You should have trained well.

.‫ؾلس‬٣ ُْ ٌُٚ٘ٝ ‫ؾلس‬٣ ٕ‫ء ًبٕ ٖٓ أٌُٖٔ أ‬٠ّ ٕ‫( ػٖ أ‬could have P.P) ‫ رؼجو‬-1 :
Ex. She was able to answer the question, but she didn't. She could have answered it.
: ّ‫بهع رَزقل‬ُٚٔ‫ ا‬٠‫ ُؼَٔ اٍز٘زبط َٓزٔو ك‬-2
Sub + must/can't/couldn't/may/might/could + be + Verb (ing)
Ex. He's very hard-working. He may be studying at the break time.
:ٍٜٞ‫ ُِٔغ‬٠٘‫ أُج‬٠‫ ُؼَٔ اٍز٘زبط ك‬-3
object + modal verb + be + p.p :٠ُ‫ٕ اٌَُْ اُزب‬ٌٞ٣ ‫بهع‬ُٚٔ‫ ا‬٠‫ك‬
Ex. I don't find my mobile. It may be stolen.
object + modal verb + have + been + p.p :٠ُ‫ٕ اٌَُْ اُزب‬ٌٞ٣ ٠ٙ‫ أُب‬٠‫ك‬
Ex. I didn't find my mobile. It may have been stolen.
Test yourself:
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The traffic is so heavy now. An accident ....................... .
a) must happen b) might happen c) must have happened d) might have happened
2- Omar’s car is in front of his house. He ............................ at home.
a) must be b) must have been c) can’t be d) can’t have been
3- It was silly of me to say such rude words to my friend. I ........................... that.
a) should have said b) shouldn’t have said c) should say d) shouldn’t say
4- A: Do you know whose bag is this? B: I don’t know. It ............................... Omar’s.
a) must be b) can’t have been c) might be d) may have been
5- Ali lives far from school. He ............................there on foot.
a) must go b) can’t go c) might go d) should go
6- It is so hot today and I left my hat at home. I ................................ it with me.
a) couldn’t have brought b) shouldn’t have brought
c) can’t have brought d) should have brought
7- My laptop failed again today. It ...................... well in the service centre last week.
a) Must have repaired b) can’t have repaired
c) can’t have been repaired d) might have been repaired
48
Grammar in points
8- It’s her wedding party today. She ....................................happy.
a) may be b) might be c) can’t be d) must be
9- It’s her wedding party today. She ....................................sad.
a) may be b) might be c) can’t be d) must be
10- Mr Omar ...................... a teacher. Many of friends are students of him.
a) is b) was c) must be d) can’t be
11- He ............................ the office. It is still too early to leave.
a) must have left b) might have left c) should have left d) can’t have left
12- She ....................... that rich man but she preferred to marry a poor one.
a) must have married b) can’t have married
c) could have married d) might have married
13- Your homework is awful. You .............................it before you hand it in.
a) must have checked b) should have checked
c) might have checked d) shouldn’t have checked
14- She has a lot of expensive jewels. She ............................ rich.
a) must be b) may be c) might be d) can’t be
15- She has a lot of expensive jewels. She ............................ poor.
a) must be b) may be c) might be d) can’t be
16- He isn’t at home now. He .......................at work. I am not sure.
a) must be b) should be c) might be d) can’t be
17- There is much noise coming out of the house. They .......................... .
a) can’t have left b) should have left c) might have left d) must have left
18- Someone is opening the door. He .....................Ali. That is the time he comes back home.
a) must be b) should be c) might be d) can’t be
19- He ..................... in Alexandria. He has just left Cairo.
a) must arrive b) can’t arrive c) must have arrived d) can’t have arrived
20- You should be careful with electricity. You ......................... when you plugged the charger with
a wet hand .
a) Could shock b) could have shocked c) could be shocked d) could have been shocked

General Exercises on grammar:

1- I don’t understand ...................... you are saying.
a) which b) whose c) that d) what
2- He doesn’t smoke ............................ .
a) used to b) any longer c) no more d) no longer
3- Because she ……………………….. checked the oil for so long, the car broke down.
a) hadn’t b) haven’t c) didn’t d) wasn’t
4- She couldn't find the book that I ………………………………… her.
a) lent b) had lent c) have lent d) was lending
5- She …………………..the castle before her school trip last week.
a) visits b) has already visited c) visiting d) had already visited
6- Thousands of years ago, primitive people …………………. in caves.
a) lived b) live c) had lived d) was living
7- He …………………… be slim, but now he has gained a lot of weight.
a) uses b) used to c) using to d) is used to

49
Grammar in points
8- Did you ............... play in the street when you were young?
a) use to b) used to c) used d) get used to
9- My village is the place ………………… I can relax at the weekends.
a) who b) which c) where d) whose
10- The good manager…………employees achieved the target, was so proud of them.
a) where b) who c) whose d) which
11- The Ancient Egyptians ………………………… many voyages around Africa.
a) were making b) made c) had made d) were made
12- That café ………………… be very good. There are no empty chairs in it.
a) might b) could c) can't d) must
13- She ……………………… living with her grandmother as her parents died in an accident.
a) is used to b) are used to c) didn’t use to d) use to
14-I would have an easy life if I ……………………. into a rich family.
a) was born b) had been born c) am born d) bore
15- Little children ……………… allowed to use Mobile phones for long hours.
a) must b) shouldn’t c) have to d) needn’t
16- I ………………………….. noise; it didn’t bother me.
a) used to b) am used to c) didn’t use to d) was used to
17- We …………………………. two sandwiches before we went home.
a) ate b) was eating c) eat d) had eaten
18- When I was a little kid, I …………………. happy with my toys. I never chose them.
a) doesn't b) don't c) wasn’t d) didn't
19- The short stories ………… were in the book describe the novelist’s own life.
a) who b) which c) whom d) whose
20- Fridays are the time ........................ I can sit with my own family.
a) who b) which c) when d) whose
21- When I was a little kid, I …………………feel happy with my toys. I never chose them.
a) doesn't b) don't c) didn’t d) wasn’t
22- They asked me how long ……………………………… in Cairo.
a) did I work b) I had been working c) had I been working d) was I working
23- He wanted to know ………………………. She had bought.
a) what b) whether c) unless d) weather
24- It was only when She ............................ the groom that she accepted to marry him.
a) had seen b) saw c) has seen d) was seeing
25- Omar told me that he ………………………. in London.
a) is b) was c)has been d) had been
26- We had arrived at school ……………………..the first lesson began.
a) after b) before that c) after that d) till
27-It was Mona who ……………………………………….. the room.
a) cleaned b) has cleaned c) was cleaning d) had cleaned
28-When I got off the bike I saw that one of those tires ……………………… air.
a) will lose b) loses c) lost d) had lost

51
Grammar in points
29- When I arrived at the station, I found out that the train........... so I had to wait for the next one.
a) left b) has left c) had left d) was leaving
20- She asked me why ……………………… for that job.
a) applied b) had I applied c) I had applied d) did I apply
31- When I arrived home, I didn’t find my watch. Someone …………. have stolen it. I suppose.
a) must b) can’t c) should d) may
32- He suggested we ................... the museum.
a) visiting b) should visit c) visit d) b & c
33- That is the ambulance siren. Someone ………….. terribly ill.
a) can't have been b) can't be c) must be d) must have been
34- The interviewer asked Dr. Sameh where ………………………… .
a) he had studied b) did he study c) how did he study d) had he studied
35- They said that they……….….the mountain after they had reached the top of the tower.
a) will see b) have seen c) could see d) were seeing
36- Mohamed Salah is highly praised for all ………………… he does for his people.
a) who b) that c) where d) which
37- I waited for the manager.................... I work.
a) whose b) that c) who d) for whom
38- Nadia admitted that she ……....….really know the vocabulary that we needed to know.
a) doesn't b) hadn't c) didn't d) wouldn't
39- The teacher told the students that the Earth……………………around the sun.
a) is revolving b) revolved c) revolves d) had revolved
40- He ………………….. played roughly, the referee showed him the red card.
a) mustn’t have b) shouldn’t have c) should have d) ought t have
41- He explained that London ……………………the capital of Britain.
a) is b) was c) will be d) would be
42- One of my students made noise, ………………… annoyed me a lot.
a) that b) which c) where d) when
43- Tamer is sweating heavily. He …………..hot.
a) must feel b) can’t feel c) should feel d) may feel
44- No one saw Mr Osama at school yesterday. He ……………….absent.
a) can’t be b) can’t have been c) must be d) must have been
45- I advise you ……………... . It may kill you.
a) to smoke b) not to smoke c) not smoke d) not to smoking
46- I advise you …………….. smoking. It may kill you.
a) to stop b) not stop c) not to stop d) to stopping
47- He inquired if …………………….well-organized.
a) I am b) I was c) I have been d) am I
48-The manager is angry because you haven’t finished the report yet. You ……………. finished it yesterday.
a) must have b) should have c) ought to d) shouldn’t have
49- She would have an easy life if she .................. into a richer family.
a) was born b) had been born c) am born d) bore

51
Grammar in points
50- If he is working in his study, he ……………………. open the door for us.
a) won’t b) wouldn’t c) wouldn’t have d) doesn’t
51- If I ……………….. a stomachache , I wouldn’t have boiled eggs.
a) had b) had had c) don’t have d) won’t have
52- could you please help me if you ……………………….. time?
a) have b) had c) had had d) has
53- It is illegal to exceed the speed limit. You …………..avoid doing that.
a) shouldn’t b) mustn’t c) must d) can’t
54- It wasn't ………………... I had seen the film that I slept.
a) after b) before c) when d) till
55- Adel asked me what ………………………………… to me last week.
a) happened b) had happened c) was happening d) happens
56- You will be chosen to participate in the contest ……………….. you learn to play the piano.
a) but for b) had c) should d) on condition that
57- There is a fire in this house. We…………………..call the emergency at once.
a) must b) should c) ought to d) can
58- She didn’t do what I told her. She ......................... what I said to her.
a) must have understood b) may have understood
c) can’t have understood d) could have understood
59- ........................ doing your best, you won’t be able to win.
a) unless b) in case of c) if d) without
60- It was Mona who ……………………………………….. the room.
a) cleaned b) has cleaned c) was cleaning d) had cleaned
61- Why must school rules? ..………………………………
a) followed b) follow c) be following d) be followed
62- I would eat your adorable meatloaf ……………….being a vegetarian
a) if b) unless c) if it weren’t for d) in case of
63- If I had a car, I …………… to school everyday.
a) will take b) take c) would take d) would have taken
64- Never tell lies even if that ………………………… you.
a) saved b) save c) saves d) had saved
65- She is a great typist. She ……………………. of a great help if We had written work.
a) would be b) will be c) would have been d) is
67-What had you done ……………. you had breakfast this morning?
a) while b) before c) as soon as d) after
68- He had hardly taken the photograph ………........... he showed it to his friend.
a) when b) than c) after d) before
69- As soon as the robbers …………… , they were taken to jail.
a) had arrested b) had been arrested c) were arresting d) are arrested
70- Mona didn’t send the email to the company until she…………………….
a) has revised it b) was revising it c) had revised it d) revised it

52
 Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬

Grammar Collection Section

٠ًٔ‫ االٓزؾبٕ ألٕ اُغوآو روا‬٠‫ب ك‬ٛ‫ك‬ٞ‫ع‬ٝ ‫هغ‬ٞ‫ ٗز‬٠‫بٓخ اُز‬ُٜ‫اػل اَُبثوخ ا‬ٞ‫ػخ ٖٓ اُو‬ٞٔ‫ٓغ‬

1- Definite and in definite Articles ( a / an / the)

. ً‫كٌوح اُله‬
)‫ش‬١‫ ِضٍٗ وض‬ٟ‫ ف‬... ّٓ‫ادذ ِٓ ػ‬ٚ ( ‫ش ِذذد‬١‫ غ‬ٞ‫خ أ‬٠‫ض‬١ٍ‫ اٌٍغخ االٔج‬ٟ‫اعُ ٔىشح ف‬
I want a pen ( ‫ظ لٍُ ِذذد‬١ٌ ٚ َ‫ادذ ِٓ ػّٓ االلال‬ٚ ٍُ‫ذل‬٠‫)اس‬

- Look at the moon. It is beautiful. the ‫ ِذذد فبعزخذِٕب‬ٛٙ‫شٖ ف‬١‫ظ ٕ٘بن غ‬١ٌ ٚ ‫ اٌمّش‬ٟٕ‫ٕ٘ب أب اػ‬
- Open the window next to you. the ‫ ٌزٌه اعزخذِٕب‬ٚ ‫ ٕ٘ب ِذذد‬ٛٙ‫ ثجبٔجه ف‬ٞ‫ٕ٘ب أب الظذ اٌشجبن اٌز‬
A / An
a/ an ‫ اعزخذاِبد‬ٟ٘ ‫ِب‬
)‫ػخ‬ٞٔ‫ٖٔ ٓغ‬ٙ ٖٓ ‫اؽل‬ٝ ( ‫و ٓؾلك‬٤‫ك ؿ‬ٝ‫هجَ اٍْ ٓلوك ٓؼل‬ 1
- Salah is a player in Liverpool. ( ٍٞ‫لوث‬٤ُ ٢‫ٖٔ الػج‬ٙ ٖٓ ‫ الػت‬ٞٛ)
- Egypt is an African country. ‫وجب‬٣‫ٍ أكو‬ٝ‫ٖٔ ك‬ٙ ٖٓ ‫ُخ‬ٝ‫ٖٓو ك‬
: ٠ُٝ‫ اُؾِٔخ ُِٔوح اال‬٢‫نًو ك‬٣ ‫ك‬ٝ‫اٍْ ٓلوك ٓؼل‬ 2
- I bought a car and a flat. Dad liked the car but not the flat.
:‫لخ‬٤‫ظ‬ُٞ‫هجَ اٍْ ا‬ 3
- I want to be an engineer.
: ‫م ثٖلخ‬ٞ‫هجَ اٍْ ٓلوك َٓج‬ 4
He is a polite man. - She said she watched an interesting movie.
He is Egyptian - He is an Egyptian man - It a one-way road
)‫ أَُبكخ – اُيٖٓ – اَُ٘جخ‬- ‫ ( ٓواد – اَُوػخ‬:‫واد‬٤‫ اُزؼج‬ٙ‫ن‬ٛ ‫ٓغ‬ 5
once a week - 70 km an hour - five times a day
:‫ه‬ٌَُٞ‫ ا‬ٝ ‫ االعياء‬ٝ ‫خ‬٤‫ٓغ أٌُِبد االر‬ 6
a thousand - a hundred - a million - a quarter a fourth – a third
The definite Article: the‫اُـــــــــ‬ ‫اكاح أُؼوكخ‬

.ٕ‫ اأٌُب‬٢‫ ك‬ٝ‫ب ا‬٤ٗ‫ اُل‬٢‫اء ك‬ٍٞ ٚ‫ػ‬ٞٗ ٖٓ ‫ل‬٣‫ هجَ االٍْ اُلو‬the ّ‫رَزقل‬ 1
the universe – the sun – the moon -the countryside - the globe – the earth -
. ‫ هجَ اٍْ مًو هجَ مُي‬the ّ‫رَزقل‬ 2
- She saw a jacket and a blouse in the shop window. She bought only the jacket.
ًِٚ ‫ع‬ُٞ٘‫ ا‬٠ِ‫ ٓضَ ػ‬ٚ‫وة ث‬ٚٗ )... ٕ‫ا‬ٞ٤‫هجَ اٍْ ٓلوك ( ًبفزواع – ؽ‬ 3
- The lion eats meat ‫ك‬ٍٞ‫ اٗب اهٖل ًَ اال‬ٝ ‫اؽل‬ٝ ‫وثذ ٓضَ ثأٍل‬ٙ ‫٘ب‬ٛ.
- The mobile phone has made communication easier. )‫ع‬ُٞ٘‫ٍ ًبفزواع ( ًَ ا‬ٞٔ‫ٕ أُؾ‬ٞ‫٘ب اهٖل اُزِل‬ٛ
‫اؽل‬ٝ ‫بى‬ٜ‫ٌ ع‬٤ُ ٝ
: ‫الؽع اُلوم‬
I bought a mobile phone.
:‫واد‬٤‫خ ٓب ػلا اُجؾ‬٤‫ هجَ أَُطؾبد أُبئ‬the ّ‫رَزقل‬ 4
The Nile – The Red Sea – The Pacific Ocean – The Suez canal - lake Nasser –

55
 Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
‫ ال رَزقلّ ٓغ اُغجبٍ أُلوكح‬ٝ )‫ هجَ ٍالٍَ اُغجبٍ ( عٔغ‬the ّ‫رَزقل‬ 5
ٚ‫ّٕٕجبس‬١ٍ‫ججً و‬The Alps – The Red Sea Mountains – Mount Everest - Kilimanjaro
‫ ِغ اٌظفبد‬the َ‫اعزخذا‬
the + ‫ف‬ٛ‫ط‬ِٛ ْٚ‫خ ثذ‬٠‫طفخ ػبد‬
:‫ اعُ فئخ ِٓ إٌبط‬ٌٝ‫ي اٌظفخ ا‬ٛ‫رذ‬
the old ٓ‫ اٌغ‬ٟ‫ اٌىجبس ف‬- the young - the disabled - ٓ١١‫ اٌّؼبل‬- the poor ‫ اٌفمشاء‬- the rich ‫بء‬١ٕ‫ االغ‬-

- The rich should help the poor = the rich people should help the poor people.
‫ وٍّب‬........... ‫لبػذح وٍّب‬
the + ‫… طفخ ِمبسٔخ‬.., the + ‫…طفخ ِمبسٔخ‬. .
- The more you study, the more marks you get.
- The taller the basketball player is, The better he is.
‫ٍخ‬٠ٛ‫ لجً اٌظفبد اٌط‬more / less ‫ػغ‬ٚ ٚ ‫شح‬١‫ اٌظفخ اٌمظ‬ٌٝ‫ ا‬er ‫ْ ثبػبفخ‬ٛ‫ طفخ اٌّمبسٔخ رى‬:‫رنًو‬
taller - more useful – less important
ً١‫ لجً طفبد اٌزفؼ‬the َ‫رغزخذ‬
the + ‫شح‬١‫طفخ لظ‬+ est
the most / least + ‫ٍخ‬٠ٛ‫طفخ ؽ‬
- she is the tallest girl in class.
- It is the most expensive car
( my – his – her – their – our – its – your_ً١‫خ لجً طفخ اٌزفؼ‬١‫جذ طفبد اٌٍّى‬ٚ ‫ ارا‬the ٓ‫ّىٓ االعزغٕبء ػ‬٠/ ‫الدع‬
- He is the best friend I have ever had.
- He is my best friend.
: ordinals ‫خ‬١‫ج‬١‫ؼب لجً االػذاد اٌزشر‬٠‫ أ‬the َ‫رغزخذ‬
the first - the second -the forth – the last –
ً١‫خ لجً طفخ اٌزفؼ‬١‫جذد طفبد اٌٍّى‬ٚ ‫ ارا‬the ٓ‫ّىٓ االعزغٕبء ػ‬٠/ ‫الدع‬
( my – his – her – their – our – its – your )
- This is the first friend I have had at school.
- This is my second day at school.

ٓ‫ ٌى‬ٚ ‫لبػذح‬
ٓ‫ ٌى‬ٚ ‫اٌمبػذح‬
- I bought a guitar. ‫الدع اٌجٍّخ‬ ‫خ ِغ االفؼبي‬١‫م‬١‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫ لجً اعّبء االال د ا‬the َ‫رغزخذ‬
‫زبس‬١‫زبس ِٓ ػّٓ االد اٌج‬١‫ذ أٌخ ج‬٠‫ اشزش‬learn – play - listen to – practise – study –
- I learnt how to play the guitar.
the َ‫ب ٌغشع اخش ٔغزخذ‬ٙ١ٌ‫ اٌغشع ٌىٓ ارا وبْ اٌز٘بة ا‬- ‫ب ٌٕفظ‬ٙ١ٌ‫خ ارا وبْ اٌز٘بة ا‬١‫ لجً االِبوٓ االر‬the َ‫ال رغزخذ‬
ٍٗ‫ أشئذ ِٓ اج‬ٟ‫ااٌز‬
- She went to the prison to visit her husband school – hospital – mosque – church – prison –
how was imprisoned there. ‫ا‬university – college – court

- She went to prison. She committed a crime

َ‫ع وٍٗ ال ٔغزخذ‬ٌٕٛ‫ أب الظذ ا‬ٚ ‫ٌىٓ ارا ػشثٕب ِضبي ثبٌجّغ‬ ‫ لجً اٌّفشد‬the َ‫ع وٍٗ اعزخذ‬ٌٕٛ‫د ا‬ٛ‫ اٌّمظ‬ٚ ‫ ٌؼشة ِضبي ثبٌّفشد‬.3
the
- Elephants have long trunks . - The elephant has a long trunk.
‫خ‬١‫ٌٗ ثبٌىٍّبد االر‬ٚ‫طفذ اٌذ‬ٚ ‫ٌىٓ ارا‬ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ لجً اعّبء اٌذ‬the ‫ال ٔؼغ‬
- united – ‫ ٍِّىخ‬- kingdom ‫خ‬٠‫س‬ّٛٙ‫ ج‬republic Egypt - Syria - France

56
Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
‫ اطجذذ اعُ ِشوت‬ٚ ‫ ارذبد‬union – ‫ِزذذح‬
the ‫رغجك ثـــــــــــــــ‬
The Arab republic of Egypt – The United
Kingdom
the ‫غجك ثـــــــــــ‬٠ ‫ االطً جّغ‬ٟ‫ٌخف‬ٚ‫ وبْ اعُ اٌذ‬ٌٛ .2
The Netherlands ‫الٔذا‬ٛ٘ - the Philippines ٓ١‫اٌفٍج‬
the ‫ اٍزقلآبد‬٠ِ‫ؼخ ػ‬٣‫ٓالؽظبد ٍو‬

the Sahara – the Alps- the ‫ – اُغيه اُغٔغ – اُغجبٍ اُغٔغ‬١‫ هجَ أٍبء اُٖؾبه‬the ّ‫اٍزقل‬ 1
Philippines –
The Quran – The Times ‫ اٌظذف‬- ‫خ‬٠ٚ‫ لجً اٌىزت اٌغّب‬the َ‫اعزخذ‬ 2
The head – the kidney - the leg - ٞ‫ لجً اجضاء اٌجغُ اٌجشش‬the َ‫اعزخذ‬ 3
the morning – the afternoon - the past ِٓ‫ اٌض‬ٚ َٛ١ٌ‫ لجً اجضاء ا‬the َ‫اعزخذ‬ 4
the ‫ض ِغ‬١‫ اٌزخظ‬: The ‫أُ٘ اعزخذِبد‬
‫ب‬ٜ٘ٓ ‫وح‬٤‫ٔ ثطوم ًض‬٤ٖ‫زْ اُزق‬٣
1 who – that – : َُٕٞ‫ٔبئو ا‬ٙ The man who is standing over there is my father.
which – where – when The food which he bought went bad.
2 of َ‫اعزخذا‬ This is the wallet of Omar.
3 ‫طف‬ٌٛ‫ا‬ The painting next to you is awesome.

:‫خ‬٤‫ اُؾالد االر‬٢‫ ك‬the ّ‫ال ٗزَقل‬

‫ه‬ٞ‫ٖ اَُط‬٤‫ الؽع ٓب ث‬ٝ ٍ‫أُضب‬ ‫اُوبػلح‬
Olive oil is healthy. ‫ح اال ارا خظظذ‬ٚ‫ش ِؼذ‬١‫لجً االعّبء اٌغ‬ 1
The olive oil that you bought is good.
I went home late yesterday. home – work – bed ً‫ػبدح لج‬the َ‫ ال رغزخذ‬2
I go to bed early.
Ali () The Ali (X( The Al’s () ٍٝ‫اعشح ػ‬ ً‫ لجً االعّبء اٌؼٍُ ِض‬3
‫ – االشخبص – اٌمبساد‬ٜ‫ اٌمش‬ٚ ْ‫اٌّذ‬
Africa  the Africa ×
I have dinner at 9 p.m. – ‫ب‬ٙ‫ظ‬١‫ججبد اال ارا رُ رخظ‬ٌٛ‫ لجً ا‬the َ‫ – ال رغزخذ‬4
- The dinner I had with Mona was special. - ‫خ‬١‫اد اٌذساع‬ٌّٛ‫اٌٍغبد – ا‬

I like English  I like the English ×

I like the English language 
Prince Omar  ُ‫ لجً االٌمبة ارا جبء ثؼذ اٌٍمت اع‬the َ‫ ال رغزخذ‬5
The prince 
The prince Omar ×
the ‫ب‬ٙ‫ٓ ٔغزخذَ ِؼ‬١‫ ِىبْ ِؼ‬ٟ‫ فشاؽ ف‬ٕٝ‫ٌىٓ ثّؼ‬ the ‫ب‬ٙ‫ فؼبء ال ٔغزخذَ ِؼ‬ٕٝ‫ ثّؼ‬space ‫ الدع وٍّخ‬6
- The space in this room is not enough for all - Russia was the first country to send a
this furniture. man to space.

57
‫‪Accumulative grammatical points‬‬ ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬

‫نظرة عامة على االسماء المعدودة و االسماء الغير معدودة‬

‫‪uncountable nouns‬‬ ‫‪countable nouns‬‬

‫‪water – rice – sand – wheat – information‬‬ ‫‪pen – pens – star – chairs – car -….etc.‬‬
‫االسم الغير معدود ‪ :‬له شكل واحد ال يعد و ال يجمع و‬ ‫االسم المعدود ‪:‬‬
‫يعامل معاملة المفرد‬ ‫له مفرد و له جمع‬
‫‪rice /‬‬ ‫‪rices X‬‬ ‫‪- a pen …. pens‬‬
‫‪- rice is delicious.‬‬ ‫‪- A pen is important.‬‬
‫‪- Pens are important.‬‬
‫ال يمكن وضع اداتي النكرة ‪ a / an‬قبل االسم الذ ال‬ ‫االسم المعدود المفرد يسبق بأدوات النكرة ‪ A / an‬و‬
‫يعد‬ ‫يمكن وضع ‪ the‬قبلة اذا كان معرفة او محدد‬
‫‪a water X‬‬ ‫‪- an oil X - a car / an apple / the sun‬‬
‫يمكن وضع ‪the‬عند التحديد او التخصيص‬
‫‪- The oil I bought yesterday.‬‬
‫يمكن استخدام هذه الكلمات قبل االسم الذ ال يعد فقط أُؾلكاد‬ ‫يمكن استخدام هذه الكلمات مع االسم المعدود المفرد فقط‬
‫‪much -little – a little – less – the least‬‬ ‫‪a – an - this - that- every – each – one‬‬
‫‪- I like this car.‬‬
‫‪Much chocolate is bad for your teeth.‬‬ ‫‪- I work out every day.‬‬
‫يمكن استخدام هذه الكلمات مع االسم المعدود الجمع فقط‬
‫‪many – few – a few – any – these – those‬‬
‫‪ three – four..‬رقم ‪– several-‬‬
‫‪Many chores should be done today.‬‬
‫ًِٔبد رَزقلّ ٓغ أُؼل‪ٝ‬ك ‪ ٝ‬ؿ‪٤‬و أُؼل‪ٝ‬ك‪:‬‬
‫‪some - any - a lot of - lots of – no – all - most - none – plenty of‬‬

‫اَُؤاٍ‬ ‫?فاعل ‪ +‬فعل مساعد ‪+‬اسم معدود جمع ‪ ….? How many +‬فاعل ‪+‬فعل مساعد‪ +‬اسم ال يعد ‪how much +‬‬
‫?‪How much water do you drink‬‬ ‫?‪How many friends do you have‬‬

‫أٌُِخ‬ ‫أُالؽظبد‬ ‫أُضبٍ‬

‫ًض‪٤‬و ٖٓ ‪a lot of‬‬ ‫‪- I have a lot of friends.‬‬

‫‪more‬‬ ‫‪ - He has drunk much juice.‬تستخدم مع االسم المعدود و االسم الغير‬
‫‪informal‬‬ ‫معدود‬
‫غالبا في الجملة المثبتة ويمكن اسخدامها في‬
‫النفي واالثبات في اللغة الغيرالرسيمة‬
‫ًض‪٤‬و ٖٓ ‪many‬‬ ‫‪ He doesn’t have many friends.‬تستخدم مع االسم المعدود الجمع فقط‬
‫?‪ - - Do you have many friends‬البد ان بتعها االسم الجمع المعدود‬
‫‪Formal‬‬ ‫تستخدم غالبا في السؤال و النفي‬
‫‪ There are many books on the table.‬قد تستخدم احيانا في الجمل المثبتة‬
‫‪- I have so many relatives.‬‬
‫ًض‪٤‬و ٖٓ ‪much‬‬ ‫‪ I don’t drink much coffee.‬تستخدم مع االسم الغيرمعدود فقط‬
‫‪58‬‬
Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
‫ البد ان بتعها االسم الغير المعدود‬- Do you drink much coffee?
Formal ‫تستخدم غالبا في السؤال و النفي‬
‫ قد تستخدم احيانا في الجمل المثبتة‬There is much juice in the fridge.
I drank so much Juice.
some ٘‫ثؼ‬ ‫ تستخدم مع المعدود الجمع‬I need some pens.
‫ تستخدم مع غير المعدود‬- She had some soup.
‫تستخدم في الجملة المثبتة‬
‫ال تستخدم في الجملة المنفية‬
Would you like some juice? ‫عرض‬
‫تستخدم في السؤال اذا الغرض منه عرض‬
- Can you get me some water, please. ‫طلب‬
‫اوطلب‬
‫ تستخدم غالبا في الجملة المنفية و السؤال‬Do you have any money?
any ١‫أ‬
‫ تستخدم مع االسم غير المعدود‬I don’t have any money?
‫ تستحدم مع االسم المعدود الجمع غالبا‬Have you bought any book?
Do you have any cooking book? X
Test yourself :

1- ……………….. sun has eight planets orbiting it

a( A b( An c( The d) No article
2- ……………… France is a European country.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
3- He has done his best to be ....................... doctor.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
4- .................. cotton was the second important Egyptian crop.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
5- My father is usually asked to go ............... school to talk to my teachers.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
6- .....................breakfast can’t be skipped for your health.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
7- She was criticized for eating ........................sugar. She ate extravagantly.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
8- I am .......................... tallest person in my class.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
9- After……………..work, Omar usually goes home.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
10- As ..................... nurse, she has helped many people.
a( a b( an c( the d ( no article
11- ………………………. Children like sweets more than fruit.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
12- ........................... tiger is a meat eater.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
13- My father is a novelist. ........................ novels he worte is amazing.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
14- ...............................most young people drive faster than old the adults.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
59
Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
15. He drinks three litres of water .................. day.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
16- ..................... life of Taha Hussien was the topic of the presentation.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
17. …………………………. life can’t be imagined without the mobile phone.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
18- ……………… Second World War ended in 1945.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
19- My parents provided me with ............. good education.
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
20- Do you know ……………….. person who rescued the little girl?
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
21- ............................elephant escaped form the park and destroyed two cars.
a( A b( An c( The d) No article
22- Have you ever visited ………….. Cairo Tower?
a( a b( an c( the d( no article
23- Would you like …………………… juice?
a( some b( any c( a d( many
24-Would you like ………………….. cup of tea?
a( some b( any c( a d( many
25- There are too …………………. noise here. I can’t concentrate.
a( much b( few c( a lot of d( man

3-Reflexive Pronouns ‫ٔبئو أُ٘ؼٌَخ‬ُٚ‫ا‬

Subject Object pronouns Possessive Possessive Reflexive
pronouns pronouns adjectives Pronouns
I me mine my myself
He him his his himself
She her hers her herself
It it ________ its itself
We us ours our ourselves
They them Theirs their themselves
You you Yours your yourself
yourselves
:ٕ‫الؽع أ‬
‫خ ؟‬٤‫ؾ االر‬٤ٕ ‫ الؽع اُضالس‬ٝ )ٙ‫ؽل‬ُٞ ( َٚ‫بٕ إٔ اُْقٔ هبّ ثبُلؼَ ث٘ل‬٤‫ٔبئو أُ٘ؼٌَخ ُج‬ُٚ‫ رَزقلّ ا‬. 1
I can do my homework by myself. by ‫ش ِٕؼىظ‬١ّ‫ ػ‬:
= I can do my homework alone. = alone
= I can do my homework on my own. = on ‫خ‬١‫ طفخ ٍِى‬own
:‫ي‬ٛ‫ ٔفغٗ اٌّفؼ‬ٛ٘ ً‫ رغزخذَ اٌؼّبئش إٌّىغخ ارا وبْ اٌفبػ‬.2
-The cat cleaned itself.
- Omar himself saw the robbery. :‫ذ‬١‫و‬ٛ‫ رغزخذَ اٌؼّبئش ثؼذ االعُ ٌٍز‬.3

61
 Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- Good-bye, Mona and Maria. Please take good care of …………. .
a. yourself b. themselves c. herself d. yourselves
2- Ali: Are you okay? Did you hurt ………..…? Bahaa: No, I didn’t.
a. myself b. yourself c. himself d. ourselves
3- My sister looked at … in the mirror and then combed her hair.
a. herself b. myself c. himself d. themselves
4- When he has no one to talk to, he talks to ……………….. .
a. myself b. herself c. itself d. himself
5- Sarah and John bought some ice-cream for ……………… .
a. ourselves b. yourself c. themselves d. itself
6- Have you ever asked ………..… this question: ‘Why is the sky blue?’
a. yourself b. themselves c. myself d. ourselves
7- The cat cleaned ………….… and then it cleaned the kittens.
a. himself b. myself c. themselves d. itself
8- After a few hours, we gave ……………… a short break to rest.
a. themselves b. yourselves c. ourselves d. myself

: ٢ٛ ٝ ‫هق‬ُٞٔ‫ ا‬ٝ‫ أ‬ٛ‫ اُْ٘ب‬ٝ‫خ أ‬٤ٍٔ‫ اُؼجبهح اال‬ٝ‫ رأفن ٌٓبٕ االٍْ أ‬٢ٛٝ.‫٘خ‬٤‫بء ٓؼ‬٤ّ‫ أ‬٠ُ‫و إ‬٤ْ‫ٔبئو ر‬ٙ ٢ٛ :‫ٔبئو اإلّبهح‬ٙ

near not near

singular This That
plural These Those

- This is my bag. - These are my children

- What's this/that in English’? - What are these/those in English’?
:‫ب‬ٚ٣‫ْ اُ٘لٌ اُ٘بً أ‬٣‫ رول‬٢‫رَزقلّ ك‬
- This is Mr. Ahmed. – That is Miss Nora.
We use the full form with this, these and those. ‫ٔبئو االّبهح‬ٙ ‫ال رَزقلّ االفزٖبه ٓغ‬

 This is Kate's bicycle. This's Kate's bicycle.

 These are Tom's books. These're Tom's books.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- I’m really busy ……………….. morning.
a. this b. that c. these d. those
2- …………………….. cake you made last week was delicious.
a. This b. That c. These d. Those
3- Let me introduce you. Ali,……………………… is Ramy.
a. this b. that c. these d. those

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Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
4- I’m going to take back …………………… shoes I bought last week.
a. this b. that c. these d. those
5- Are you going to watch …………………….. DVD with us?
a. this b. that c. these d. those
6- First you need to chop up ………………………. tomatoes over there.
a. this b. that c. these d. those
7- Hello, ……………………. is Nick speaking.
a. this b. that c. these d. those
8- Yes, ……………………is right. I completely agree with you.
a. this b. that c. these d. those

4- Question Tag: :َ٣‫اَُؤاٍ أُن‬

ُٚٝ ، ‫ اُغِٔخ‬٠‫ب ك‬ٛ‫ٓخ ٍجن مًو‬ِٞ‫ أفو اُغِٔخ ُِزأًل ٖٓ ٕؾخ ٓؼ‬٠‫ ػجبهح ػٖ ٍؤاٍ ك‬ٞٛ ٟ‫و‬٣‫ اَُؤاٍ اُزوو‬ٝ‫َ ا‬٣‫اَُؤاٍ أُن‬
:ٍ‫ػلح أٌّب‬
1- ً‫ اٌجٍّخ (فؼً ِغبػذ ِضجذ) فبػ‬ٝ‫ ثبل‬, )ٝ‫ش فبػً (فؼً ِغبػذ ِٕف‬١ّ‫?ػ‬
Mohab is a good boy, isn’t he? Yes, he is.
2- ً‫) فبػ‬ٝ‫ اٌجٍّخ (فؼً ِغبػذ ِٕف‬ٝ‫ ثبل‬, )‫ش فبػً (فؼً ِغبػذ ِضجذ‬١ّ‫? ػ‬
Mohab isn’t a good boy, is he? No, he isn’t.
3- ‫ؾ ِضجزخ‬١‫ صِٓ اٌّؼبسع اٌجغ‬ٝ‫جٍّخ ف‬, don’t ً‫ش فبػ‬١ّ‫( ػ‬I, we, they , you)?
doesn’t ً‫ش فبػ‬١ّ‫( ػ‬he, she, it)?
Those boys play football well, don’t they? Yes, they do.
Nader likes studying English alone, doesn’t he? Yes, he does.
4- ‫ؾ ِضجزخ‬١‫ اٌجغ‬ٝ‫ صِٓ اٌّبػ‬ٝ‫ جٍّخ ف‬, didn’t ً‫ش فبػ‬١ّ‫( ػ‬I, we, they , you, he she, it)?
Munira watched the film last night with her family, didn’t she? Yes, she did.
5- Let’s ‫ ِظذس‬, shall we? Let’s go out, shall we?
6- ‫ (فؼً أِش) فؼً ِظذس‬, will you? Go to bed, will you?
7- Don’t ‫) ِظذس‬ٝٙٔ( , will you? Don’t make any noise, will you?
8- It’s (is)………………………………….., isn’t it? It’s cold today, isn’t it?
9- It’s (has) P.P…………………………., hasn’t it? It’s rained heavily outside, hasn’t it?
10- I am …………………………………, aren’t I? I am late for school, aren’t I?
11- I am not …………………………., am I? I am not late for school, am I?
12- ً‫‘( فبػ‬d) ‫ ………………………… ِظذس‬, wouldn’t ً‫ش فبػ‬١ّ‫?ػ‬
She’d forget to buy some fruits, wouldn’t she?
13- ً‫‘( فبػ‬d) P.P…………………………….………, hadn’t ً‫ش فبػ‬١ّ‫?ػ‬
She’d forgotten to buy some fruits, hadn’t she?
14- I think ً‫ فؼً ِغبػذ ِضجذ فبػ‬, )ٝ‫ش فبػً (فؼً ِغبػذ ِٕف‬١ّ‫? ػ‬
I think Al-Ahly is the best team in Africa, isn’t it?
15- I think ً‫ فبػ‬ٝ‫ فؼً ِغبػذ ِٕف‬, )‫ش فبػً (فؼً ِغبػذ ِضجذ‬١ّ‫? ػ‬
I think Mohammed Salah will win the best player in the world prize, won’t he?
16- We needn’t ‫ ِظذس‬, need we? We needn’t come early, need we?
17- You’d better ‫ ِظذس‬, hadn’t you? You’d better sleep early, hadn’t you?
18- You’d rather ‫ ِظذس‬, wouldn’t you? You’d rather get up early, wouldn’t you?
Test yourself:

1- We couldn't live without food and water, …………………….…………….?

a- can we b- could we c- can't we d- couldn't we
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Accumulative grammatical points ‫قواعد تم دراسها من قبل‬
2- It’s very important that we eat healthy food, ………………..…………….?
a- isn't it b- aren't I c- hasn’t it d- do we
3-Some pesticides are more dangerous than others, …………………..……?
a- isn't it b- don't they c- aren't they d- haven't we
4- We should wash vegetables before we eat them,………………….……….?
a- shall we b- shouldn't we c- shan't we d- should we
5-Food grown with chemicals costs less than organic food,………………?
a- doesn't it b- does it c- isn't it d- is it
6- Your grandparents grow vegetables in their garden,……………………..?
a- don't they b- aren't they c- do they d- will they
7- Some children don't like vegetables, ……………………………………..…….?
a- don't they b- aren't they c- do they d- can they
8- Let’s go to the park,……………………………….?
a- do you b- shall we c- won't you d- shan't we
9- Things you grow yourself often taste better,……………………………...?
a- do they b- don't they c- does it d- doesn't it
10- Growing vegetables is quite easy, …………………………………………...?
a- wasn't it b- was it c- isn't it d- is it

:‫خ‬٤ُ‫ اُغَٔ اُزب‬٠‫ ك‬either / too – neither / so ٖٓ ‫ٖ إٍزقلاّ ًال‬٤‫ الؽع اُلوم ث‬-5
- I like English. My brother likes English, too.
- Nabila has a nice cat. I have a nice cat, too.
- I don’t like English. My brother doesn’t like English, either.
- Nabila doesn’t have a nice cat. I don’t have a nice cat, either.
- She is at home today. So am I.
- I watch English movies every day. So does she.
- They went to the zoo yesterday. So did Maged.
- She isn’t at home today. Neither am I.
- I don’t watch English movies. Neither does she.
- They didn’t go to the zoo yesterday. Neither did Maged.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1- Mona doesn’t read German books. I don’t read German books, ………………………. .
a) too b) either c) so d) neither
2- Samir drinks coffee every morning. …………………………………….. .
a) Neither do I b) Neither am I c) So do I d) So am I
3- Sherif can’t do this exercise alone. ……………………………………….. .
a) So can I b) Neither could I c) So can’t I d) Neither can I
4- Mum used to sleep early when she was young. ………………………………… .
a) So did I b) So do I c) Neither did I d) Neither do I
5- My father is a big fan of Ahmed Zaki. I’m a big fan of Ahmed Zaki, …………………… .
a) either b) so c) neither d) too
6- I haven’t visited London before. ……………………………………… .
a) So has Ahmed b) Neither has Ahmed c) So had Ahmed d) Neither had Ahmed

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Model Exam (1)
A) Vocabulary and Structure
Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:
1- Nothing is special about this place; it's ……………………. .
a) distinguished b) ordinary c) private d) fascinating e) familiar
2- Many animals and plants' species have disappeared recently. The word "disappeared" here
means ………………….. .
a) died out b) came up c) vanished d) rose e) grew
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
3- To be careful about your personal cleanliness means to take care of your..……….. .
a) hygiene b) sanitation c) infection d) feed back
4- It’s better to look after both of the physical and the....……….. sides in your personality.
a) mental b) fatal c) factual d) manual
5- It’s easy for students to learn from distant places by …………………… learning.
a) offline b) connected c) disconnected d) online
6- Modern technology has…………………..our life easier nowadays.
a) done b) made c) given d) spent
7- My father is travelling to Saudi Arabia tomorrow morning. His flight takes …………….. at 7 a.m.
a) on b) by c) in d) off
8- The .................village was flooded in yesterday’s rain.
a) all b) whole c) all of d) of all
9- If he ………………….taller, he’d join the basketball team.
a) has b) is c) were d) had been
10- Our geography teacher said that the Nile …………………….. the fields now.
a) didn't flood b) hadn't flooded c) doesn't flood d) wasn't flooding
11- This man has coronavirus. You ………………..greet him or invite him for a drink.
a) don’t have to b) needn’t to c) mustn’t d) shouldn’t
12- They …………….. a bus to their hotel after they had arrived at Cairo airport.
a) take b) had taken c) had taken d) took
13- The good teacher ................... students gut full marks, is proud of them
a) where b) who c) whose d) which
14- No one saw Mr Osama at school yesterday. He ……………….absent.
a) can’t be b) can’t have been c) must be d) must have been
15- …………………………………….when it started to rain.
a) We hardly had gone out c) Hardly we had gone out
c) Hardly had we gone out c) We had gone hardly out
16- The teacher said in the lecture that China ……………......a densely populated country.
a) would be b) is c) had been d) was
B) Reading
Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
As each year passes and a birthday comes around, it is a time to celebrate and enjoy this
important event. The baby's first birthday will not be remembered by the infant, but for the family
it is a very happy time. As children grow older and learn to socialise with other boys and girls and
they like to their birthday parties themselves.
Busy pre-school children love lots of activity. Climbing, running and jumping is a way to use
up excessive amounts of energy. A party in the garden, if the weather is fine, is ideal. When
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school age is reached, party games are enjoyed. Pass the parcel is popular with parents, as
the children have to sit down in a circle whilst the parcel is handed from one person to the next.
When the music plays the parcel moves around from hand to hand. The person holding it when
the music stops takes off one wrapping. When the last wrapping is removed the lucky winner
keeps the prize.
Music at parties is very important. Games such as musical bumps, musical chairs and musical
statues depend on it. While another quieter game is spin the plate. The children sit in a circle and
are given a number. An adult spins a plate or circular tin tray and calls out a number. The plate has
to be 'caught' before it falls down. If it falls over before being grabbed, a forfeit is required,
which maybe reciting a poem or singing a song.
In the early teenage years, girls may only invite girls to their parties as they become self-
conscious and shy in the company of boys. However as the years pass, birthday parties become an
opportunity to get to know your school friends and develop deeper relationships.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
17- Who enjoys a first birthday the most?
a) The baby. b) The parents.
c) The baby's friends. d) The baby's toys.
18- According to the passage, at what age do children love lots of activity?
a) They love being active before they are old enough to go to school.
b) They are active at bedtime.
c) They are most active in their teens.
d) They are very active when they are 8 years old.
19- What seating position is adopted for the game, pass the parcel?
a) The children sit on chairs. b) The children jump around and then sit down.
c) The children sit on the floor in a circle. d) The children sit on top of each other.
20- In the 'spin the plate' game, what are the children 'given' before the game starts?
a) They receive a biscuit. b) They get a balloon.
c) They are given a packet of crisps. d) They get a number.
21- Why are some teenage parties for girls only?
a) It is because girls don't like boys.
b) Sometimes girls are shy and self-conscious in the company of boys.
c) Girls want to giggle and boys don't like silly girls.
d) Girls think boys are pompous at this age.
22- The underlined word “it” refers to………………………..
a) the game “musical bumps” b) music
c) the game “musical statues” d) the game “musical chairs”
23-According to the passage, the synonym of the underlined word “excessive” is ……………..
a) insufficient b) extreme
c) scant d) scarce
24- What is the best title for this reading?
a) Parties of pre-school children d) How parents please their kids.
c) Birthday Parties. D) garden parties are the best.
25- We can infer from the passage that ……………….
a)residents have to vacant their rooms by 10 p.m. the day they leave .
b) residents have to vacant their rooms by noon the day they leave .
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c)residents can’t leave until they clean their rooms.
d) residents who can’t pay should work in housekeeping.
26- According to the passage, the antonym of the underlined word “ideal ” is …………………..
a) excellent b) bad and flawed
c) optimal d) fitting
C) Translation
27- Translate into Arabic:
Reading is not just a way to have fun, it broadens the horizons and builds a personality capable of
understanding different opinions and cultures.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..........………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
28- Translate into English:
‫شح‬١‫ اال أٗ دمك ٔجبدبد وج‬، ٗ‫بر‬١‫خ د‬٠‫ ثذا‬ٟ‫فٗ اٌظؼجخ ف‬ٚ‫ الٔٗ ثبٌشغُ ِٓ ظش‬.ٞ‫ش ِٓ اٌشجبة اٌّظش‬١‫ح ٌىض‬ٚ‫أطجخ دمحم طالح لذ‬
.‫خ‬١ٌّٕٙ‫برٗ ا‬١‫ د‬ٟ‫ف‬
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………........……………………………………………………………….....................................
29- Write an essay of about (150) words on the following topic:
“Setting up new cities is national project that has many benefits”
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...............................

Model Exam (2)

A) Vocabulary and Structure
Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:
1- Suffering from coronavirus disease, she looked pale. The word "pale" can be replaced by ……… .
a) sick b) rosy c) bright d) blanched e) fine
2- Non-renewable energy sources lack upset the whole word nowadays. The antonyms of "lack"
are ……………….. .
a) reduction b) decrease c) plenty d) abundance e) shortage
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
3- Hard working ……………….. success.
a) has b) brings c) does d) takes
4- When you arrive at your house, you should take your shoes ……..……………….. .
a) of b) on c) off d) about
5- Information about how well or badly you did is called ………………………….. .
a) feedback b) navigation c) GPS d) technology
6- …………………. is the cause of many car accidents.
a) Politeness b) Carefulness c) Cleanliness d) Carelessness
7- Lifeless has the same meaning as ………………. .
a) dead b) a live c) alive d) deadly
3- We’re asked to do research …………………... hygiene.
a) into b) onto c) in to d) on to
9- I recommend going to the Book Fair this year, it’s amazing. You ……………. go.
a) should b) have to c) mustn’t d) aren’t allowed to
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Tests
10- If I use the mobile phone for a long time, I usually……………………… a headache.
a) would get b) will get c) get d) got
11- ……………… watched the match, he felt happy as his team won 2-0.
a) Had b) To have c) Having d) Has
12- …………………………………if you had seen a snake in front of you?
a) What you would have done b) What done you would have
c) What would done have you d) What would you have done
13- I asked my friend when he ……………… his new laptop. It was wonderful!
a) buys b) had bought c) would buy d) has bought
14- I ………………… go for a walk tomorrow. I haven’t decided yet.
a) might b) must c) can't d) shouldn't
15- The building ………………. he lives in is very old.
a) what b) which c) where d) who
16- My suggestion is that you………………………..move to a bigger flat.
a) must b) Should c) mustn’t d) have to

B) Reading
Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
A supermarket is a large, mainly self-service retail store selling food and other household
goods. This was originally an American idea that was introduced into Britain after the Second
World War at the end of the 1950's.
The biggest outlets are Tesco, Sainsbury, Morrison. There is a lot of competition between stores to
encourage their customers to keep coming back. To encourage loyalty, they offer loyalty cards.
With each visit points are added to the customer’s account,
At the entrance to the supermarket there are hand held baskets or trolley baskets on wheels.
If a lot of shopping is required, it is easier to put it in the trolley and push it along. Usually the first
display in the shop is the fruit and vegetable produce then tobacco, cigarettes and cigars. An
assistant will serve you at this counter.
To aid customers to find the goods they need the aisles are numbered. In addition, large signs
hang overhead to tell the shopper where items can be found. As well as fresh foods that are
displayed unwrapped, for example, cheese, fish and cuts of meat, food is sold in sealed packs.
The displays on the shelf units are cleverly set out to direct the eyes towards the product that
the store hopes you will buy. In a store, goods are sold fresh, frozen, in tins, jars and packets, while
drinks are in bottles and boxes. In a large shop customers can also buy electrical goods, kitchen
goods, soft furnishings and pharmacy products. After collecting everything, the customers pays at
one of the numerous checkouts.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
17- When did supermarkets first open in Britain?
a) It was 20 years ago. b) They opened in the 1950's.
c) It was after the 1st World War. d) They opened 40 years ago.
18- Why do stores give loyalty cards?
a) It is instead of a credit card.
b) They are identity cards.
c) To encourage return visits to a chosen chain.
d) So you can get to the front of the queue at the check-out.

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Tests
19- Why are aisles numbered?
a) So you can find the exit.
b) So you do not get lost.
c) It is a way of telling you how big the store is.
d) Aisles are numbered to make it easier to find products.
20- What do customers take at the entrance, if they need a lot of shopping?
a) A trolley basket on wheels. b) A wheel-barrow.
c) A customer will take a skate-board. d) A hand-held basket.
21- What information on a product tells you how fresh it is?
a) The colour of the wrapping. b) The nutrition information.
c) The sell-by date. d) The allergy information.
22- The underlined word “their” refers to………………………..
a) stores b) Tesco store
c) Sainsbury store d) Morrison store
23- According to the passage, the synonym of the underlined word “aid” is ……………..
a) help b) hinder
c) appreciate d) prevent
24- What is the best title for this reading?
a) supermarkets’ flaws b) How to encourage supermarkets chains.
c)Supermarkets. D) bad Competition of supermarkets.
25- We can infer from the passage that ……………….
a) people haven’t responded well to supermarkets. B) supermarkets are successful up to now.
c) supermarkets don’t sell tobacco. D) supermarkets can’t win people’s content.
26- According to the passage, the antonym of the underlined word “sealed ” is …………………..
a) closed B) clammed
c) shrimped D) open

C) Translation
27- Translate into Arabic:
Water covers 70% of our planet. However, only 3% of the world’s water is fresh water, and two-
thirds of that is tucked away in frozen glaciers or otherwise unavailable for our use.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..........………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................
28- Translate into English:
.‫ طغبسا‬ٚ‫غ وجبسا‬١ّ‫ اٌج‬ٍٝ‫ب ػ‬ٙ‫م‬١‫رطج‬ٚ ،‫سػٕب‬ٛ‫ ش‬ٟ‫ْ اٌمّبِخ ف‬ِٛ‫ش‬٠ ٓ٠‫ٓ سادػخ ٌٍز‬١ٔ‫ا‬ٛ‫ػغ ل‬ٚ ُ‫ز‬٠ ْ‫الثذ ا‬
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………........……………………………………………………………….......................................
29- Write an essay of about (150) words on the following topic:
“Tourism is important to Egypt”
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………........………………………………………………………………..........................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
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Tests
Model Exam (3)
A) Vocabulary and Structure
Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:
1- Why do you look surprised? The word "surprised" here means ………… .
a) exhausted b) astonished c) delighted d) scared e) shocked
2- The building is empty. Where did they go? The opposites of "empty" are …………………… .
a) occupied b) unfilled c) vacant d) busy e) blank
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
3- The government gave orders to ………...… people from their homes lest it should collapse.
a) evacuate b) appreciate c) navigate d) decorate
4- It’s easy for you to reach any place using GPS. GPS are the abbreviation for…...… .
a) Google Play Store b) Global Positioning System
c) Garden Playing Space. d) Giant Position Store
5- You should empty your bins daily as they would be homes for …………………….. .
a) hygiene b) illness c) damage d) bacteria
6- To check your students’ understanding, you should always get their …..………… .
a) feedback b) responsibility c) confidence d) feed book
7- After his graduation, my older brother applied …………………. a job last week.
a) in b) for c) off d) with
8- Modern technology has ……………………our life more comfortable.
a) done b) forgotten c) made d) written
9- Maya is getting fat. She …………………………eat too much rice.
a) must b) don’t have to c) should d) shouldn’t
10- If it had been warm and sunny yesterday, I ……………………..swimming.
a) go b) might go c) would have gone d) will go
11- Nada said that there .………….. a lot of small farms near her grandparents' house.
a) is b) were c) are d) will be
12- Dina ………………………in Hurghada before she moved to Alexandria.
a) living b) has lived c) had lived d) was living
13- People aren’t allowed to enter here without permission. In case we don’t have any
permissions, we …………………... enter.
a) mustn’t b) shouldn’t c) have to d) would
14- ..…………………for her help, I couldn’t have won this medal.
a) If b) If it weren’t c) If It hadn’t been d) Without
15- I didn't reply to the email ………….……….I had read it carefully.
a) until b) after c) before d) as soon as
16- She spends so much money on new styles of clothes. She ................... interested in fashion.
a) must be b) can't be c) could be d) may be
B) Reading
Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
Shopping is a necessary part of life, which very few people can avoid. The weekend is usually a
good time to go shopping because people have free time from work. At this time, the shops are
usually very busy because people try to get the best items for the lowest price before they run out
of stock.

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Some people go shopping more regularly than other people to browse products in shops even
when they do not have much money. This is known as window shopping and allows people to plan
ahead and save for the things they want to buy in the future or wait for the items to drop in price.
Some people believe that the more expensive the item, the better the quality, but this is not
always true.
Sometimes shopping can be stressful when choosing a gift to buy other people for a special
occasion. It is common to buy a gift voucher so that a friend or loved one can go shopping
themselves at their own convenience. Shopping online is often popular with people who have a
busy lifestyle. People are able to order their necessary and luxury items from the comfort of their
own home, or even on the move. Delivery is usually free and items are often cheaper than in
shops on the high street. The only real problem is that the item description and quality may be
different than what they hoped for. People who go to shops to do their shopping often use self-
service payment machines.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
17- Why is the weekend a good time to go shopping?
a) It is very busy on the weekend. b) People are free from work.
c) Things are usually cheaper. d) The shops are closed.
18- What are people doing when they go shopping just to have a look and not to buy?
a) Bargain hunting b) Window shopping
c) They do not have much money d) Looking for the best quality
19- What do some people usually think about items of better quality?
a) They are cheaper b) They are harder to find
c) They are more expensive d) They are on sale
20- When can shopping be stressful?
a) When shops are about to close b) When it is very busy
c) When buying a gift for someone d) On the weekend
21- Is there sometimes a problem with online shopping?
a) No the shops are open 24 hours a day b) Yes with the quality and description of the item
c) Yes there are too many queues d) No there are no problems
22- The underlined word “they” refers to………………………..
a) shoppers b) shopping places
c) prices d) items
23- According to the passage, the synonym of the underlined word “luxury” is ……………..
a) richness and comfort b) economy
c) misery d) prevent
24- What is the best title for this reading?
a) Nowadays shopping b) shopping is a bad habit.
c) Supermarkets. d) Different kinds of supermarkets.
25- We can infer from the passage that ……………….
a) people have different shopping styles. b) we can do many things to shop well.
c) supermarkets shouldn’t sell tobacco. d) people go shopping the same way.
26- According to the passage, the antonym of the underlined word “stressful” is …………………..
a) relaxing b) taxing
c) difficult d) demanding

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C) Translation
27- Translate into Arabic:
The media is required to shed light on the importance of buying Egyptian goods and its impact on
encouraging the national economy
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..........………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
28- Translate into English:
ٚ ُ‫ب اٌذػ‬ٌٙ ‫فش‬ٛ‫ِخ اْ ر‬ٛ‫ اٌذى‬ٍٝ‫جت ػ‬٠ ‫ٌزٌه‬ٚ ، ‫ ِظش‬ٟ‫شح دال سائؼب ٌّشىٍخ اٌجطبٌخ ف‬١‫ػبد اٌظغ‬ٚ‫ْ اٌّشش‬ٛ‫ّىٓ اْ رى‬٠
.َ‫ً اٌالص‬٠ّٛ‫اٌز‬
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………........……………………………………………………………….......................................................
29- Write an essay of about (150) words on the following topic:
“Our duty towards our parents”
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………................................

Model Exam (4)

A) Vocabulary and Structure
Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:
1- Although she is wealthy, she is stingy. The opposites of the word "wealthy" are ……….. .
a) destitute b) significant c) poor d) fabulous e) enormous
2- We will stay at this comfortable hotel next year. The word "comfortable" can be replaced
by ………………………. .
a) inappropriate b) appropriate c) annoying d) disturbing e) relaxing
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
3- We have …………………. technology in all the fields of life nowadays.
a) advanced b) advance c) advancing d) advances
4- Mohamed often calls me …………..…………..for a chat. He is my best friend.
a) on b) at c) by d) in
5- A / An ……….. is a machine that can move and do some jobs controlled by a computer.
a) robot b) application c) vehicle d) GPS
6- An injured person needs …………………….. help most.
a) employable b) medical c) obtainable d) possible
7- After his graduation, he wanted to be employed. The antonym of “employed” is …….. .
a) obtained b) annoyed c) dismissed d) argued
8- Children in most countries around the world ………………. school at the age of six.
a) stare b) start c) live d) leave
9- If you ……………… a stone, you'll break the window.
a) had thrown b) threw c) throws d) throw
10- It’s too late. The children ………………. sleep. They have a long school day tomorrow.
a) shouldn’t b) should c) mustn’t d) has to
11- She asked her uncle how long ……………….. in Aswan before moving to Cairo.
a) he had lived b) did he live c) he has lived d) does he live

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12- Ola was tired this morning because she…………...…well the night before.
a) wasn't sleeping b) hasn't slept c) hadn't slept d) didn't sleep
13- If I …………….. a wallet, I would look for its owner.
a) had found b) have found c) find d) found
14- It ........................ windy last night. The streets are full of leaves.
a) must be b) must have been c) may be d) can’t have been
15- The books ……………….. people liked most were often about nature.
a) that b) whom c) whose d) who
16- She asked me why ……………..…the job. I answered because I liked working with people.
a) I wanted b) did I wanted c) I was wanting d) I had want
B) Reading
Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
Going to the beach has proper etiquettes. People are supposed to follow them on the beach.
You can do anything to have fun, but still, there are rules to follow.
Once you arrive at the beach, you want to find an empty space. Observe the location and try to
find a spot with a minimum of 15 feet (4.6 m) from anyone who is already there. Make sure the
wind blows against the umbrella and insert it at an angle. This is to keep the umbrella in the sand
so that it will not get blown away and hit other people.
Smoking is not prohibited outdoors, but the wind conditions can make smoke linger around
people or travel for quite a distance. Unless you go to the beach outside peak times, you had
better not smoke when spending time at the beach.
If you wear flip flops, do not get too close to other people’s towels while walking. This is to avoid
the sand from being flipping onto their towel. When you want to play a game, go away from the
crowds. Playing ball over peoples’ heads while they are trying to relax is incredibly disturbing.
After all day at the beach, when you want to go home, never shake your towel too close to your
neighbor and see which way the wind is blowing so that you will not blow sand into your
neighbor’s face. In short, remember that people come to the beach to relax and your actions
could spoil their day. So keep a distance from your neighbors, be considerate, and make less noise
while playing.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
17- What should be considered when finding an empty spot at the beach?
a) The high tide.
b) The distance from other visitors and from the water.
c) The locals.
d) The position of a high water mark.
18- Why should you insert your umbrella in the sand at an angle?
a)To stop the wind. b) To change the wind direction.
c) To protect from the sun. d) To prevent the umbrella from blowing away.
19- What should not you do when spending time at the beach?
a) Smoke. b) Wearing flip flops.
c) Lie on a towel. d) Listening to music with on headphones.
20- Where is the best spot to play games at the beach?
a) Near ice cream stalls. b) Far from the water.
c) Away from the crowds. d) On the seashore.

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21- What should you not do when preparing to leave the beach?
a) Shake your towel.
b) Shake your towel too close to your neighbor.
c) Clean up your trash.
d) Clean up any trash near you.
22- The underlined word “them” refers to………………………..
a) swimmers b) beaches
c) people d) beach proper etiquettes
23- According to the passage, the synonym of the underlined word “spot” is ……………..
a) a place b) a café
c) an umbrella d) a mate
24- What is the best title for this reading?
a)The beach proper etiquettes
b) Wind can spoil your day on the beach.
c) be considerate on the beach
d) Keep a distance from your neighbours on the beach.
25- We can infer from the passage that ……………….
a)The beach can’t be a nice place for all
b) We must behave well even on the beach..
c) Smoking is banned on the beach.
d) People shouldn’t wear flip flops on the beach.
26- According to the passage, the antonym of the underlined word “close” is …………………..
a) open b) shut
c) far d) nearby

C) Translation
27- Translate into Arabic:
Charles Dickens' novels reflected life in Britain in the nineteenth century and the problems that
workers suffered in particular.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………….........................................................
28- Translate into English:
.ٓ١ٍ٘‫ٓ اٌّؤ‬١‫ق اٌؼًّ ِٓ اٌخشج‬ٛ‫زبجبد ع‬١‫فش اد‬ٛ٠ ٚ ‫ش‬١‫ اٌىج‬ٟ‫ج‬ٌٕٛٛ‫اوت اٌزمذَ اٌزى‬ٛ٠ ٟ‫ ٌى‬ٟ‫ُ اٌجبِؼ‬١ٍ‫ش اٌزؼ‬٠ٛ‫زُ رط‬٠ ْ‫الثذ ا‬

29- Write an essay of about (150) words on the following topic:

“Pros and cons of city life”
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
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Model Exam (5)
A) Vocabulary and Structure
Choose the TWO correct answers of the FIVE options given:
1- No one of his friends loves him as he is cruel to them. The antonyms of "cruel" are ……….. .
a) dishonest b) unkind c) nice d) gentle e) impolite
2- The employees refused the reforms completely. The antonyms of "completely" are ……… .
a) totally b) partly c) generally d) adequately e) incompletely
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
3- Being a great teacher, Mr Mahmoud………………. a difference in my life.
a) took b) made c) gave d) did
4- They are well-to-do people. This means that they are ……………… .
a) healthy b) valuable c) wealthy d) generous
5- You should listen carefully to your teacher and write ………..….….. what he says.
a) up b) away c) with d) down
6- To communicate with other people online is to ……………………. .
a) press b) speak c) write d) chat
7- My father taught me how to ride a bike easily. “Taught” means here that he ……… me well.
a) educated b) obtained c) understood d) employed
8- Can you give a real reason ……………………….being rude to your sister?
a) of b) for c) about d) on
9- If you like the place, we …….……….. for more two days.
a) can stay b) stay c) would stay d) will have stayed
10- When Tarek saw Ahmed, he remembered that they…………….……. before.
a) have met b) had met c) were meeting d) met
11- Nada said that she ……………… to visit a farm one day.
a) wanted b) wants c) has wanted d) is wanting
12- It’s against the law to smoke here. You ………………… smoke.
a) needn’t b) don’t need to c) shouldn’t d) mustn’t
13- If I were you, I ……………….. listen to my father’s advice not to travel alone.
a) shall b) can c) would d) may
14- My father, …………………………. is standing over there, is a doctor.
a) who b) that c) whom d) why
15- By 2117, the company ……………… 10 branches all over the country.
a) had b) had had c) were having d) has had
16- He has just said that he ......................19 tomorrow.
a) will be b) would be c) had been d) is going to be
B) Reading
26) Read the following passage, then choose the correct answer from a, b, c or:
Choosing which university fits your interests and academic background is an important decision
that will greatly influence the success of your university study. In the UK alone, there are hundreds
of choices and therefore you need to be strategic in making a shortlist of universities and
narrowing down your choices into second and first choice. This involves weighing some factors
such as your motivation and aspiration, your personality, your location, and your budget.

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Tests
People attend university for different reasons, so ask yourself what you want from your target
university and what you want to do after you graduate. Many people attend top universities
because of the prestige without considering their choice of future career. If you have interest in
a particular career, you should find universities with a better reputation for your career choice
than others. With a degree from a university that is most respected in the profession you want to
enter, it will be easy for you to get your dream job and you will be able to climb the career ladder
fast.
Your personality types also play an important role in your success as a university student.
A scholarly type student usually has self-motivation to work hard in order to ace exams and
achieve high grades. This type of person will find comfort in a highly academic environment
offered by top world universities such as Oxford or Cambridge. On the contrary, if you are not
a type of person who can study for hours and getting top grades is not your main priority, you had
better go to a university with a more laid-back academic environment so that you will not be
stressful all the time and can enjoy your life there.
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
17- The main idea of the passage can be………………………………… .
a) kinds of university students b) How to choose the right university
c) university environment d) universities need a high budget.
18- Which university should you go to if you already have a career choice?
a) One with the lowest tuition fees.
b) One that offers you a scholarship.
c) One that has the highest prestige and great position.
d) One that has a good reputation in your future profession.
19- What type of student will enjoy a highly academic environment?
a) A student who has self-motivation to work hard.
b) A smart student who does not need to study hard for exams.
c) A student who puts the highest priority on student societies.
d) A student who does not have a part-time job.
20- ………………………………… usually prefer more laid-back academic environment
a) self-motivated students
b) students who can’t study for long hours
c) hard-working students
d) university students
21- Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage?
a) You need to be strategic in making a shortlist of universities you should join.
b) You should narrow down your choices of universities into second and first choice.
c) Your choice of a suitable university will greatly influence the success of your university study
d) It’s not necessary to choose a university suits your personality, your location, or your budget.

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22- According to the passage, what is a big mistake to make when choosing your university?
a) It fits what you want to do after you graduate.
b) Choosing a university which suits your conditions.
c) Choosing a university only because of the prestige of the career.
d) Choosing a suitable university for the career I am interested in.
23- The underlined word “there” refers to …………………………………………….. .
a) universities in England b) laid-back academic environment universities
c) top universities d) highly academic environment universities
24- The synonym of the underlined word “target” is ………………………………… .
a) aim b) motivated c) awesome d) season
25- Which of the following can best summarise the second paragraph?
a) Reasons for choosing your university. b) How can you pay for university?
c) Why do you need to join university? d) Joining university is a good choice
26- Why do you need to choose the right university?
a) Because it will make you happy.
b) Because it has an impact on your success at university.
c) Because life at university is difficult.
d) Because the right university is difficult to find.
C) Translation
27- Translate into Arabic:
Egypt has all the elements of eco-tourism such as nature reserves, wonderful oases and beaches
far from populated areas.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
..........……………………………………………………………………………………….........................................................
28- Translate into English:
.ٌُٙ‫ك اِب‬١‫ رذم‬ٟ‫غبػذُ٘ ف‬٠ ٚ ُٙ١‫شث‬٠ ٚ ٍُّٙ‫ؼ‬٠ ْ‫ذٖ ا‬ٙ‫ ثىً ج‬ٝ‫غؼ‬٠ ٖ‫الد‬ٚ‫ وً ؽالثٗ ِضً ا‬ٜ‫ش‬٠ ٞ‫ اٌز‬ٛ٘ ٟ‫م‬١‫اٌّؼٍُ اٌذم‬
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………........……………………………………………………………….....................................................
29- Write an essay of about (150) words on the following topic:
“Although Modern Technology has many advantages, It has some disadvantages.
Do you agree? ”
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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