BLOOD GROUPING TEST
INTRODUCTION:
A human blood cell includes red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. All these
blood cells play a significant role in transportation, protection and regulation. Blood groups are
mainly determined by the presence or absence of antigens and antibodies on the surface of our red
blood cells or erythrocytes. The blood transfusion from the wrong blood group can be life
threatening.
The four major blood groups are: A,B,AB and O. The blood grouping system was
discovered in the year 1901 by kari Landsteiner- an Austrian biologist and immunologist.
AIM:
The main purpose of conducting this experiment is to understand the basic concept of the
ABO blood group system and to know our blood group and type.
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
• Toothpicks
• Blood sample
• Alcohol swabs
• Lancet
• Clean glass slide
• Sterile cotton balls
• Biohazard disposal container
• Monoclonal Antibodies(Anti-A,B and D)
PROCEDURE:
● Take a clean glass slide and draw three circles on it.
● Unpack the monoclonal Antibodies(MAB) kit. In the first circle add Anti-A, to the second
circle add Anti- B and to the third circle add Anti-D with the help of a dropper.
● Keep the slide aside safely without disturbing it.
● Now wipe the ring finger with the alcohol swabs and rub gently near the fingertip, where
the blood sample will be collected.
● Prick the ring fingertip with the lancet and wipe off the first drop of the blood.
● As blood starts oozing out, allow it to fall on the three circles of the glass slide by gently
pressing the fingertip.
● Apply pressure on the site where it was pricked and to stop blood flow. Use the cotton ball
if required.
● Mix the blood sample gently with the help of a toothpick and wait for a minute to observe
the result.
BLOOD GROUPING TEST:
CONCLUSION:
There are four major blood groups and eight different blood types, collectively called the
ABO blood group system. The groups are based on the presence or absence of two specific
antigens and antibodies-A and B.
Group A - Antigen A and Antibody B
Group B Antigen B and Antibody A
Group AB- Antigen A and B both and no Antibodies
O - No Antigens and both A and B antibodies.
Other than this, there is a third kind of antigen called the Rh factor. Based on the presence or
absence of this antigen( Rh factor), the four blood groups are classified into eight different blood
types:
● A positive- presence of Rh+
● A negative- presence of Rh
● B positive- Presence of Rh+
● B negative - Presence of Rh-
● AB positive- Presence of Rh+
● AB negative- Presence of Rh
● O positive - Presence of Rh+
● O negative- Presence of Rh-
