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SHS Intro To Electricity

Electricity

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50 views

SHS Intro To Electricity

Electricity

Uploaded by

Micah Denise Dela Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is General Physics 2?

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICITY
General Physics 2
Electricity

• city of electrons
• moving charges of an atom
• invisible force that provides
light, heat, sound, motion .
Electricity

• city of electrons
greek word form amber
History of Electricty

• electricity generation began over 100


years ago, with Benjamin Franklin's
experiment with a kite one stormy night in
Philadelphia, the idea of electricity slowly
became implicit.
History of Electricty
Types of Electricity
• Static Electricity
The phenomenon of static electricity
requires a separation of positive and
negative charges. When two materials are in
contact, electrons may move from one
material to the other, which leaves an
excess of positive charge on one material,
and an equal negative charge on the other.
Types of Electricity
• Dynamic Electricity
Refers to a steady flow of electrons between
places and things. It needs to flow through a
conductor.
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Elements - The simplest form of matter
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Elementary Particle
- are fundamental subatomic particles, including those
that are the smallest and most basic constituents of
matter
• it is represented by cursive “e” (  )
• has mass and electric charge

SI UNIT: kilogram(kg) 1 coulomb (C) = 6.25 x1018


protons/electrons
• transfer of electric charges occurs when:
no of protons = no of electrons
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Components of an Atom
Nucleus
The center portion of
an atom containing the
protons and neutrons
Protons
Positively charged
atomic particles
Neutrons
Uncharged atomic
particles
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Atomic Number
The atomic number is
equal to the number of
protons in the nucleus
of an atom.

The atomic number


identifies the element.
Electricity at the Atomic Level

Electrons
Negatively charged
particles

Electron Orbitals
Orbits in which
electrons move around 2D
3D
the nucleus of an atom

Valence Electrons
The outermost ring of
electrons in an atom
NOTE!!!
Protons do not move because they are
tightly bounded to the nucleus

Electrons move during energy transfer or


chemical reaction
Kinds of Electric Charge
• POSITIVE CHARGE (+)
carrier : proton
charge : +C
+e = 1.6x10-19 C
occurs: when no. of protons > no. of electrons
when electron are removed it would
result to the deficiency of electrons
Kinds of Electric Charge
• NEGATIVE CHARGE (-)
carrier : electron
charge : -C
-e = -1.6x10-19 C
occurs: when no. of electrons > no of protons
when electron are added it would
result to the surplus of electrons
Kinds of Electric Charge
• NEUTRAL CHARGE ((+)(-))
carrier : neutron
charge : +C and -C
e = 1.6x1019 C + -1.6x10-19 C = zero
occurs: when no. of protons = no of electrons
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Orbits
Orbit Maximum
Number Electrons
1 2
2 8
3 18
4 32
5 50
6 72
Valence 8
Orbit

Orbits closest to the nucleus fill first


Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Flow
An electron from one orbit can knock out an
electron from another orbit.
- from positive to negative
When an atom loses an
electron, it seeks another
to fill the vacancy.

Copper

Cu
29
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Flow
Electricity is created as electrons collide and
transfer from atom to atom.

Play Animation
Conductors and Insulators
Conductors Insulators

Electrons flow easily Electron flow is difficult


between atoms between atoms

1-3 valence electrons in 5-7 valence electrons in


outer orbit outer orbit

Examples: Silver, Examples: Mica, Glass,


Copper, Gold, Aluminum Quartz
Conductors and Insulators
Identify conductors and insulators

Conductors Insulators
Electricity at the Atomic Level
Electron Orbits

Sulfur

S
16

How many electrons are in the valence orbit?


6
Is Sulfur a conductor or insulator?
Insulator
Why?
The study of any effect resulting from the
existence of stationary electric charges is
called
electrodynamics
electromechanics
electroscopy
electrostatics
The electrons in an atom
ARE BOUND TO IT HAVE MORE MASS
PERMANENTLY THAN THE NUCLEUS

ARE SOME DISTANCE MAY BE POSITIVELY


AWAY FROM THE OR NEGATIVELY
NUCLEUS CHARGED
The magnitude of the charge of an electron is
approximately

1023 1019
10–23 10–19
To make an uncharged object have a negative
charge, we must

ADD SOME ATOMS ADD SOME


ELECTRONS

REMOVE SOME ATOMS REMOVE SOME


ELECTRONS
To make an uncharged object have a positive
charge, we must

ADD SOME ATOMS ADD SOME


ELECTRONS

REMOVE SOME ATOMS REMOVE SOME


ELECTRONS
An atom or molecule that carries a net charge is

ELECTRON CARRIER

ION PROTON
What is the charge of each atom if
it comprises the following particles
a. 5 electrons and 6 protons
b. 14 protons and 11 electrons
c. 5 electrons and 5 protons
d. 25 protons and 26 electrons

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