(workedout Examples | UMMA TOT +43 gamle 1: : In the Young's double ' jwoslitsis 0.5 mm, A=5 x 195 iment the stance between th . - le width? 0.cm What will be the fringe solution: Given D= 0.5 mm=0.05 cm a =5* 10%cm D=50cm p=? AD 50 B a =5x10°x 995 = 5x10? om -, Fringe width B =5 10? cm. Example2: In a biprism experiment the eye-piece was placed at a distance of 120 cm from the source. The distance between two virtual images was found equal to 0.075 cm. Find the wavelength of light source, if eye-piece micrometer ismoved through a distance. 1.888 cm for 20 fringes cross the field of view. Solution: Given D=120cm d=0.075 em° Example 3: Ina biprism experiment with sodium light Q= 38935 micrometer reading is 2.32 mm. When the eye-piece is placed at a dig Me 100 cm from the source. If the distance between two Virtual sources ist Find the new reading of the micrometer if the eye-piece is moved such fringes cross the field of view. thay Solution: Given 7, = 5893 A°= 5893 x 10%cm D=100cm d=2cm 100x5893x10% B =Da/d = —— 2 = 2.9465 x 103 cm. The distance moved for 20 fringes to cross the field of view = 20 B = 20x2.9465x 103cm = 5.893 10? cm = 0.05893 cm = 0.5893 mm =0.59 mm Initial reading of micrometer =2.32 mm Final reading of the micrometer = (2.32+ 0.59) mm=2.9] mm or 1.73 mm. Example 4: _ Ina biprism experiment the micrometer readings for zero order and tenth order fringe are 1.25 mm and 2.37 mm, Tespectively, when light of wavelength 5900 x 10° cmis used. What will be the Position of th i pene 1¢ zeroth order and tenth order fringes if ,, is changed to 7500 x 10# cm? Solution: The position of zero order fringe will remain unchanged due to change in wavelength, for it corresponds to zero path difference between the interferin, waves of all wavelengths. Hence, when wavelength is changed pie 5900 10* cm to 7500x 10% cm the position of zero order fringe will be 1.25 mm.The position of other fri , change in wavelength, ac, 7 ‘0 nges Will | Mge as °rding to the re} 143 | B changes due 8s fringe width ation B=Dila (ly When 2 = 5900x 19+ cm, the di aeder fringes "stance between Zero order and tenth = 237 -1.25) mm = 1.12 mm=0.112 em ie. 10B =0.112 cm or B =0.112/10 = 0.0112 om When ), is changed to 4" » let the fringe width be B', so that we have Bp =Dy'/d @) From (1) and (2), we have B/B=A/X or p= uB/A = 7500x107 x 0.0112 =0.014 em 5900x10* The distance between zeroth order and tenth order fringe is 10 B' = 10 x 0.014 cm=0.14cem=1.4mm As the position of zero order fringe is 1.25 mm the micrometer reading brtenth order fringe = (1.25 +1.4) mm =2.65 mm. i i tic light of Samples: Abiprism forms interference fringes with monochromatic lig} A bi inthe path of one i i ss plate (11 = 1.5) in the patho hi © On introducinga thin glass pla ea eine oie ee ntral bright band shifts to the position p cd eo ee hickness of the plate. ied by third bright fringe. Find the tzs sees Solution: SS Given p=1.5 n=3 4. = 5450 A° = 5450 x 10m na ~ (=) =3x 5450 x10°'°/ (1.5 - 1) = 3.27 x 10°m Example 6: Light of wavelength 5893 A’ is reflected at nearly normal incidence from a soap film of refractive index 1.42. What is the least thickness of the film that will appear (i) black and (ii) bright t Solution: @ The condition for the blackness of the film in reflected light is 2ut cos r=m For normal incidence r= 0 and cosr=1 2ut=ny, nv Oe For minimum thickness of the film, n= 1 5893%10° fe MH Oa = 2075 x 10% cm = 2075 A° (ii) The condition for brightness of the film in reflected light is ru 2yt cos r= (2n +1) >or = 2pt=Qn+ nF as 2nx2 For least thickness of the film, n=0 t= 1/4p = 5893 x 10°/ 4 x 1.42 cm = 1037.5 A®. Example 7: Fringes are produced with monochromatic light of wavelength 5,45 x 10° cm. Athin film of glass of = 1.5 is placed normally in the path of one ofthe interfering Tays the central bright fringe is found to move toa position oon by the third bright fringe from the centre. Calculate the thickness of the Solution: Given 2, =5.45 x 10cm p=ls For bright fringe, we have (1 - )t=m), Here m=3 So(u-1)t=32 (1.5 - 1)t=3 * 5.45 * 10° t=3 x 5.45 x 105/0.5 = 32.7 * 10% om. Example 8: Newton's rings are formed by reflection in the air film between a plane surface and a spherical surface of radius 50 cm and it is noticed that the centre of the ring system is bright. If the diameter of the third bright ring is 0.181 cm and the diameter of the 23! bright ring is 0.501 cm what is the wavelength of light used? Solution: Given R=50cm Diameter of third ring = D,=D3= 0.181 cm Diameter of 23“ ring= Deo D,, = 0.501 cmWe have 4pR _ (0.501) - (0.181) 2) = 5456 x 10° cm. Example 9: In a Newton's ring experiment the diameter of 4" and 12 dark rings are 0.400 cm and 0.700 cm, respectively. Deduce the diameter of 20th dark ring? Solution: We have D?,,, — Di, = 4pRA First put m= 4 and m+p = 12 so that we have iy ~ Di = 4x (12-4) x AR =324R Again put m=4 and m+p =20 we get D3, —D? = 4x16xAR Dj, -D? =32AR D3, -Dj = 64 aR Dividing the above Egs., we get : (0.7) -(0.4) _ 1 D,-(04) 2 033 1 D3,-0.16 2 Dj, -0.16 = 0.66 D3, = 0.66 +0.16 = 0.82 Therefore, D,, = 0.905 cm._— | \e 1 gxample 10: Using sodium light (), = 5893 A°) interference fringes are formed S are formes ae ce alle a te from 4 thin air wedge en viewed no ; gjstance of | cm. Calculate the angle es ee fringes are observed in a solution: We have B = a 2p0 SON or acaanl 2up Here 4 = 5893 A° =5893 x10“cm y=1B=Zem=011 cm _ 5893x100 = =2.946%10" radi RON Example 11: Two optically plane glass strips of length 10 cm are placed one over the other. A thin foil of thickness 0.010 mm is introduced between the plates at one end to forman air film. Ifthe light used has wavelength 5900 A°, find the fringe width. Solution: t The angle of the wedge 0 = a where x is the length of the film and tis the thickness of the foil. ade fringe width B= 20 ~ Ot -8 - 590010" x10 _ 9 995 cm. 2x1x0.001 : wedge - shaped air film is viewed bya monochromatic Example 1 ss ‘normal ly, the interference fringes 4 mm apart are observed. « sht incident . . a often illed with water (H=I .33), how far apart will the fringes be the air observed?We have, fringe width B = a 2n0 For air # = 1 and B=4 mm=4x10°m v4xt07 = 20 In the second case 1 = 1.33 1 4x10% “pst = =3x107m. 20n 1.33 Example 13: In Newton’s ring arrangement a source emitting two wavelengths 2, =6x10m and A, =5.9x10"m, it is found that n' dark due to one wavelength coincides with (n+1)" dark ring due to the other. Find the diameter of the n® dark ring if radius of curvature of the lens is 90 cm. Solution: Diameter of the n® dark with wavelength A, D; =4RnA, Diamter of the (n +1)" dark ring with wavelength A, Diy =4RO+DA, Since two rings coincide 4Rnd, =4R(n+1)A, or nd, =(n+1)A, “nx 6x107 =(n+1)5,.9x107 “n=59 21D, = JAR; = VEK09x59x6x107 1D, =1.1289x107m,—. + -ample 14: In an int he og eee eee oe for light Reyee at a point we obs: —— ce is replaced by ali ~ What order will be visi erve the 18 order sour y alight of 4500 A°? e visible at this point if the solution: : Forn" order maximum, A = n), or nA, =n,A, Here, n, = = e,n, = 18,n,=?, 2, =S000A°, A, =4500A° n= mk plex 000e a 4500-72 Example 15: Two glass plates encl ; lose a wedge-shaped air film t i edge and separated by a wire at a distance of 1.5 cm Hairs olge vr 16000 A° and the fringe width is 9 x 10cm. determine the diameter of the wire. Solution: a 20 ru 6x10" = 3p 7 2.910 = 0.333x107 8 p=£0 = 1,5x0.333x107 = 0.005 cm. Example 16: Light of ‘wavelength 6000 A° falls normally ona thin wedge film of refractive index 1.4, forming fringes that are 2 mm apart. Find the angle of the wedge. Solution: 5 (6x10 cm) _ = 1,07x10™ radians. (0.2 em) = 1,07«107 x57.3" = (6.13% 1o°y’ 1017: e thickness ofasoap film (H =1,33) which gives constructive Laas sams - of reflected red light of = 700 mit (milli microns).Solution: | 2utcosr -(. +t) n=0, I, 2, .... (maxima) For second order, n= 1. For normal incidence r=0, (: +) 700 nm + = 394.7 nm, 2x1.33 Example 18: In Newton’s rings experiment a plano-convex lens of radius 400 cm is used. The wavelength of light used is 5320 A°. Ifrings are formed with water (!=1.33) what is the radius of the 10" dark ring? Solution: Given m= 60, ry =5' 0 nAR 10x5.32x10™ x 400 5 =,{— =,/-—> 7 0.4 cm. Lb 1,33 . Example 19: The radius of the 10" ring in Newton’s rings apparatus changes from 60 mm to 50 mm when a liquid is introduced between the lens and the plate. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid. Solution: Given r, = 60, 1, = 50 " y? =nkR; 12 = DAR Lb 2 2 y= -(2) =1.44. (ny \70 ’s ri eflected light of wavelength Je 20: Newton’s rings are formed by reflecte: : a eI oh with a liquid between the plane and curved surfaces. Ifthe diameter of 5" bright ring is 3 mm and the radius of curvature of the curved surface is me the refractive index of the liquid. 100 cm, calculateexample 21: In a Newton’s rings experi ; periment the diameter of the 1 hi changes from 1.5m to 1.35 cm when a liquid is introduced betiveen és ses and the plate. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid. pay Solution: _ Dp (1s j Dy y 3) =1.235 Example 22: A transparent film of glass of refractive index 1.5 is introduced normally in the path ofone of the interfering beams of Michelson’s interferometer which is illuminated with a light of wavelength 4800 ‘A®, This causes 500 dark field. Determine the thickness of the plate. fringes to sweep across the Solution: 2(p-Dt= nd 5 Bi 2 SOAS = 00 cm 2u-)) a.s-) ina Michelson interferometer : te the mirror displacement 1 wa thot Ne as the field of view when light of wavelength 600 nm is al used. Solution: pe wen L= NA 2 300600 nn =2.4x10°nm =0.24 mm