1.

Sole Proprietorship -

2. Partnership.
4. Cooperative – a duly registered
Types: association of persons, with common
bond of interests, who have voluntarily
A. General Partners – who invest in joined together to achieve a lawful
the partnership, invest in the day- common social or economic end, making
to-day operations and are liable equitable contributions to the capital
for debts and lawsuits required and accepting a fair share of the
B. Limited Partners – risks and benefits of undertaking in
accordance with universally accepted
3. Corporation – an artificial being created cooperative principle
by operation of law, having the right of Ex.
succession and powers, attributes and
properties expressly authorized by law or A. Marketing Cooperative – engages in
incident to its existence the supply of production inputs to
- Sec. 2 of B.P. Blg. 68 members and markets their products
Types:
B. Service Cooperative – engages in
A. Business Corporation – formed to medical and dental care,
engage in commercial activity for hospitalization, transportation,
profit. Another name for this type is a insurance, housing, labour, electric,
“for-profit” corporation light and power, communication,
B. Controlled Corporation – where the professional and other services.
majority of stocks is held by one
individual or firm C. Cooperative Bank – organized for the
- Ex. SSS primary purpose of providing a wide
C. Professional Corporation – provides range of financial services to
services of type that requires a cooperative and their members
professional license. These are
typically corporation made up of D. Insurance Cooperative – engaged in
architects, accountants, lawyers, the business of insuring life and
/physicians, veterinarians, etc. property of cooperatives and their
o These corporations have a members
large pool of human
capital, with transferable a. CISP
ownership rights, ability b. CLIMBS
to acquire additional
capital, limited liability of TYPES OF BUSINESS ACCORDING TO ACTIVITY
stockholders 1. Service – firms that generally use their
o However, they are heavily employees to provide intelligible
regulated by the products or services to customers
government, are doubled (E.g. accounting/law firms, call
in tax, not easy to form centres)
and more expensive 2. Merchandising/Trading – Firms that
buy finished or almost finished goods
from their suppliers and resells the
same to customers (E.g.
 re-branding/reselling, supermarkets, based on middle
bookstores, dep. stores) managements
intermediate range
3. Manufacturing – Firms that create or plans.
manufacture their own o Middle Managers – are
products/goods (E.g. Nestle, Coca- responsible for looking for the
Cola, San Miguel Corp. bakeries, best way on organizing human
tailors) and other resources to
accomplish organizational
FUNCTIONS, ROLES, AND SKILLS OF A objectives. They could be a
MANAGER general managers, regional
manager, and divisional
Functions manager in an organization.
E.g., Chief supervisors,
department head, etc. They
provide leadership
4. Develop people  Plans and allocates
a. Improve himself as a manager resources to meet
b. Build up others objectives
 Coordinates and links
 The functions of a manager also the groups,
depend on the level of management departments, and
he holds; divisions within the
o First line Managers – cater to organization.
the day-to—day operations of  Monitors and
the organization. They are manages the
directly involved with the performance of the
people who are responsible subunits and
for producing the company’s individual managers
goods and services. They hold who report to them
positions including office  Implements changes
managers, shift supervisor, or strategies
department manager. They generated by top
are focused almost exclusively management.
on the internal parts of the o Top Managers – are
organization’s operations. executives with cross
(E.g., breakdown of departmental duties, who are
equipment, materials, faulty responsible for the overall
machines) direction of the organization.
 Encourages monitors Positions like CEO, COO, and
and rewards the CFO are examples of top
performance of their managers. They are ultimately
subordinates. responsible for the long-term
 Teaches new hires success of the organization,
how to do their jobs where they define long term
 Makes detailed goals and develop strategies
schedules and to attain them.
operating plans
  Creates framework - Aids in self-awareness, a capacity to
for change understand or emphasize with the feelings
 Develops employee’s of others
commitment to and - Presents the manager to interact –
ownership of the enables managers to make use of the
organization’s potential and motivate employees
performance - E.g. Communication, conflict-resolution,
 Creates a positive leadership, active listening
organizational culture
through words and 3. Conceptual Skills
actions - The ability to see the total picture of the
 Monitors the organization, tot know how the different
business parts affect each other and how the
environment company fits into or is affected by the
o Team Leader – a new kind of externa environment
management job with no - Calls for the ability to have analytical
formal supervisory function. sense.
They facilitate team activities - E.g. strategic planning, decision-making
towards the achievement of
the objectives. They report to
higher managers and are
responsible In developing
time lines, as well as providing
needed training towards their
team members.
 Facilitates team
performance,
manages external
relationships and
facilitates internal
relationships.

SKILLS OF A MANAGER

1. Technical Skills
- Requires the ability to proficiency or
expertise to perform a particular task
- E.g. proper usage of equipment,
technology,

2. Human Skills
- The ability to soundly work in cooperation
with others.
- They emerge in the workplace as a spirit
of trust, enthusiasm, and genuine
involvement in interpersonal relationships