2.

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Shortcuts

1. For a wire or ring lying on the surface of the liquid, always replace l by 2l for the wire and replace 2R by
4R for the ring.
2. If the phrase “isothermal change” appears in the question, then apply the formula, r2 = r12 + r22.
Where r = radius of bigger bubble and r1 and r2 = radii of smaller bubbles
1 1 1
3. If the phrase “common interface” appears in the question, then apply the formula,   .
r r1 r2

ns
4. The force F required to separate two glass plates in which a liquid film of area A, thickness t is enclosed is
2AT
F= .
t

io
5. In case of liquids which do not wet the walls of the containing vessel, the force of adhesion is less than 1/ 2
times the force of cohesion.
6. If the drop of liquid of density  floats half immersed in a liquid of density d and surface tension T, then

at
3T
radius of the drop is R =
 2  d  g
lic PV
7. Excess pressure (P), radius (r) and volume V of a liquid drop are related by the relation, = constant.
r2
P1V1 P2 V2
For two different drops,  2
r12 r2
ub
8. If a capillary tube dipped vertically in a liquid kept in a vessel is placed in a lift at rest, then when the lift starts
moving up with an acceleration a, the height h through which the liquid will rise in the capillary tube is
hg
h = ;where h is capillary rise when the lift is at rest.
ga
P

9. The height of the liquid column in a capillary tube on the surface of moon is six times than that on the earth.
10. If h is the height through which a liquid rises in a capillary tube at depth d below the surface of the earth,
et

then
h  d
 1   ; where, R is radius of earth
h  R 
rg

11. The work done in breaking a big drop of liquid of radius R into small n droplets of equal radius r is
W = 4R2 T (n1/3  1)
An air bubble has surface area 8R2 outside water and 4R2 inside water.
Ta

12.
13. For a drop outside liquid, surface area should be written as 4R2 and the formula for work done should be
dW = T dA where dA is change in surface area.
14. If total pressure is P atmosphere then pressure due to liquid column is (P  1) atmosphere.
15. When two capillary tubes are connected parallel under the same pressure head, the rates of flow are added.
16. The vertical velocity of liquid at the orifice is zero.
17. The horizontal range of liquid coming out of orifice is maximum if the depth of orifice (h) from the free
surface of liquid in vessel is half the total height (H) of the liquid in vessel (i.e., if h = H/2, then horizontal
range is maximum = H)
18. If two holes at heights h1 and h2 are such that the liquid from these holes covers the same horizontal
distance, then the heights of the liquid column is such that H = h1 + h2.

1
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

19. If a cube of side l remains suspended at the interface of two liquids in a vessel of densities 1 and 2 where,
2 > 1 then, the true weight of the cube is,
W = l2 [x2 + (l  x) 1]g 1
(lx)
x
2

Mindbenders

1. Air bubble in water always goes up. It is because density of air () is less than the density of water (). So

ns
the terminal velocity for air bubble is negative, which implies that the air bubble will go up. Positive
terminal velocity means the body will fall down.
2. Rain drop falling under gravity do not acquire high velocity. But in accordance with Stokes’ law, they attain
terminal velocity.

io
3. In most liquids, surface tension (surface energy per unit area) decreases with increase of temperature.
However, for molten copper or molten cadmium surface tension increases with temperature.

at
Solutions
lic Classical Thinking

2.2 Fluid 2.3.4 Hydrostatic Paradox

2.3.5 Pascal’s law and its applications
1. (C)
ub
8. (C) 9. (C)
2.3 Pressure
10. (C)
1. (C)
When air is blown through a hole on a closed
P

2. (B) pipe containing liquid, then the pressure will

F 40  9.8 increase in all directions.
Pavg = = = 1.96  105 Pa
A 2  10  10 4
11. (C) 12. (B)
et

2.3.1 Pressure due to liquid column

13. (D)
2.3.2 Atmospheric pressure
2.3.3 Absolute pressure and gauge pressure 2.3.6 Measurement of pressure
rg

3. (B) 14. (C) 15. (A)

4. (A)
16. (D)
Force
Pressure = 70  13.6  g = h  3.4  g
Ta

Area
70  13.6
 hg =
mg  h= = 280 cm
3.4
A
 Weight = mg = Ahg = V    g 2.4 Surface Tension
5. (D)
2.4.1 Molecular theory of surface tension
P = gh
Hence, pressure is independent of area of liquid 1. (B) 2. (C)
surface.
3. (D) 4. (A)
6. (A)
5. (A) 6. (A)
7. (C)
P 105 7. (A) 8. (C)
h= = 3 = 10 m
g 10  10 9. (A) 10. (B)

2
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

2.4.2 Surface tension and surface energy 45. (A) 46. (B)

11. (C) 12. (D) 47. (D) 48. (A)

13. (B) 14. (A) 49. (A) 50. (D)

15. (C) 16. (B) 51. (D) 52. (A)

17. (C) 18. (C) 53. (B) 54. (B)

19. (B) 20. (D) 55. (A) 56. (A)

21. (A) 22. (C) 2.4.4 Effect of impurity and temperature on

surface tension of liquid
23. (C) 24. (B)
57. (B) 58. (A)

ns
25. (A)
59. (A) 60. (B)
26. (C)
Refer Shortcut 2 61. (C)

27. (A) 2.4.5 Excess pressure across the free surface of a

io
liquid
28. (C) 2.4.6 Explanation of formation of drops and
Refer Shortcut 11 bubbles

at
29. (A) 62. (B)
30. (A) 63. (C)
Weight = 2rT
lic
Hence, radius remaining constant, W  T Excess pressure inside soap bubble, P =
4T
r
W1 T 30 1
 = 1 = = Smaller bubble has more excess pressure.
W2 T2 60 2
64. (C)
ub
31. (B)
65. (C)
Surface Tension = 70 dyne/cm
Since the soap bubble has two surfaces, excess
70  105
= = 7  10–2 N/m pressure is
102 2  2T 4T
P

P= =
2.4.3 Angle of contact r r

32. (C) 33. (C) 66. (A)

1
P
et

34. (A) 35. (B) r

P1 R 1
36. (A)  = 2 =  P1 : P2 = 1 : 2
P2 R1 2
rg

37. (B)
Since for such liquid (Non-wetting), angle of 67. (D)
contact is obtuse. 1 r P 1
P   1  2 
38. (B) r r2 P1 3
Ta

3
Cohesive force decreases; so angle of contact V1  r1  1
decreases.    
V2  r2  27
39. (B)
68. (B)
40. (C) 4T 4  0.04
P= =
Angle of contact is acute. r 5  103
4  40  10 3
41. (C) 42. (D) = = 32 Pa
5  10 3
43. (B)
69. (C)
2
= 2  7.2 3 10
44. (B) 2T
P=
Waterproofing agents are used so that the r 10
material does not get wet. This means angle of = 14.4  101
contact is obtuse. = 144 N/m2

3
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

2.4.7 Capillarity and Capillary action 13. (C)
dv
70. (B) 71. (C) Velocity gradient =
dx
72. (A) dv
 5=
2.5
73. (D)
2Tcos 
 dv = 12.5 cm/s
h= hT
rg 2.6.2 Coefficient of viscosity
74. (D) 14. (A) 15. (C)
75. (C) 16. (C)
Height of water column > length of tube. dv 0.05
F = A = 2  0.04  =8N
So liquid will rise to the top of capillary tube but dx 0.0005

ns
will not overflow.
17. (C)
76. (C)  dv 
F = A  
1
h 
1  dx 
r D

io
F 2000 2000  0.1
 = = = = 20 poise
77. (B) 78. (B)  dv  10 
1 10
A 
 dx  0.1
79. (B) 80. (C)

at
81. (C) 2.7 Stokes’ law
82. (C) 1. (B)
h 3 3
 
l=
sin  sin 30  1 
 
= 6 cm
lic 2. (B)
Since F = 6 r v
2
 Frv
2.5 Fluids in motion 3. (B)
ub
1. (C) 2. (A) F1 6r1v r r 1
= = 1 = =
F2 6r2 v r2 2r 2
3. (D) 4. (C)
5. (B) 6. (C) 4. (C)
F = 6 rv
P

2.6 Critical velocity and Reynold’s number = 6  3.142  1.8  104  0.05  200
1. (A) 2. (C) = 0.034 dyne
et

3. (B) 2.7.1 Terminal velocity

4. (B) 5. (A) 6. (C)
v D 8  1  1
Rn = C = = 800 7. (B)
rg

 10 2 2 2
Since 800 < 1000 r g   
v= 9
 The flow is streamline. 
Ta

2.6.1 Viscosity
=
2  0.110 2 2
 9.8   8000  1330 
5. (D) 6. (C) 9 8.33  101
7. (A)  0.01743 m/s
Force of adhesion is more between the liquid = 17.43  103 m/s
layer and bottom of vessel. Hence velocity of 8. (D)
liquid layer of bottom is least and velocity Neglecting buoyancy due to air,
increases towards the surface. 2r 2g
v=
8. (A) 9. (C) 9
2   2  105  1.2  103  9.8
2
10. (D) 11. (A)
=
12. (A) 9  1.8 105
dv
=
12
= 15/s = 5.81  102 m/s
dx 0.8  5.8 cm/s

4
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

9. (C) 5. (C) 6. (B)
2r 2g
= (Neglecting density of air) 7. (A) 8. (A)
9v
2  105  1000  9.8 9. (C) 10. (D)
2

=
9 1.21102 11. (C) 12. (A)
5
 = 1.8  10 N s/m 2
13. (D) 14. (A)
2.8 Equation of continuity
15. (B)
1. (A) v= 2gh = 2  10  20 = 20 m s1
2. (D)
16. (C)
 (2R)2  v1 = (R)2 v2
P1  P2 = g (h2  h1)

ns
 R 2 v1
 v2 = = 4v1 = 1040  9.8 (0.5)
R2
P1  P2 = 5096 N m2
3. (B)
A1v1 = A2v2 17. (A)

io
 (1)2  5 = (0.5)2  v2 ( A = r2) From the Bernoulli’s Principle

 v2 =
15
= 20 cm/s
P1  P2 =
1
2
 
 v 22  v12

at
0.50.5
1
=  1.3  [(120)2  (90)2]
2.9 Bernoulli’s Principle 2
= 4095 N/m2 or pascal
1.
3.
(B)
(B)
2.
4.
lic
(C)
(A)

Critical Thinking
ub
2.3 Pressure 6. (C)
Pressure difference between lungs and
1. (D) atmosphere = 760 mm – 750 mm
At a point, pressure acts in all directions and a
= 10 mm = 1 cm of Hg
P

definite direction is not associated with it, so

Also, Pressure difference = 1  13.6  g
pressure is a scalar quantity.
i.e., one can draw from a depth of 13.6 cm of water.
2.3.1 Pressure due to liquid column
7. (C)
et

2.3.2 Atmospheric pressure

External pressure
2.3.3 Absolute pressure and gauge pressure
= atmospheric pressure + gh
2. (C) where  is density of water = 1000 kg/m3
 External pressure = 105 + 1000  10  20
rg

When two holes are made in the tin, air keeps

entering through the other hole. Due to this the = 105 + 2  105 = 3  105 N/m2
pressure inside the tin does not become less than
atmospheric pressure which happens when only 8. (C)
P hg  Pa (10 103 10)  1 105
Ta

one hole is made.   =2

3. (D) Pa Pa 1105
4. (A) 9. (B)
Pressure (Pg) = 200 kPa, Pressure at bottom of the lake = P0 + hg
P0 = atmospheric pressure = 1.01  105 Pa Pressure at half the depth of a lake = P0 + h g
= 101 kPa 2
Absolute pressure (P) = P0 + Pg According to given condition,
= 101 + 200 = 301 kPa P0 + 1 hg =
2
(P0 + hg)
2 3
5. (C)
1 1
Total pressure = Pa + gh P0 = hg
3 6
= 1.01  105 + 103  10  10
2P 2 ×105
....[ water = 103 kg/m3] h = 0 = 3 = 20 m
ρg 10 ×10
= 2.01  105 Pa  2 atm

5
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

10. (D) a1 r 2
 F1  F2  12 F2
P = P0 + hg a2 r1
= 1.01  105 + 0.20  1000  10
r12 (5 / 100)2
= 1.01  105 + 0.02  105 = 1.03  105 Pa  F1  F 
2 2
 1350  9.8
r1 (10 / 100)2
F = PA
 F = 1.03  105  1 = 1.03  105 N = 1470N
F F
11. (B) Pressure, P  1 = 12
a1 r1
Pressure difference between sea level and on the
hill measured by mercury barometer will be, 1470
=
(h1  h2)  Hg  g = h  air  g (22 / 7)(5 / 100) 2
= 1.87  105 Pa
 (76  h2)  Hg = 3  105  air

ns
 (76  h2)  104 = 3  105 2.3.6 Measurement of pressure
 76  h2 = 30 18. (D)
 h2 = 46 cm on Hg
P1  P2 v2 4.5 105  4 105 v2
  

io
12. (D) g 2g 103  g 2g
 v = 10 m/s
Glycerine

Oil h
2.4

at
10 cm Surface tension
10–h
A B 2.4.1 Molecular theory of surface tension
1. (B) 2. (C)
Mercury
lic 3. (C)
At the condition of equilibrium
Pressure at point A = Pressure at point B 4. (C)
PA = PB
From Shortcut 5,
ub
 10  1.3  g = h  0.8  g + (10  h)  13.6  g FC
 h = 9.6 cm FA < or FC > 2 FA
2
13. (C) Clearly, the cohesive force dominates.
The pressure of lowest point in water
P

= The pressure at lowest point in oil. 2.4.2 Surface energy and surface tension
Pa + hwater g = Pa + hoil g
5. (A)
 Pa + 0.15  103  g = Pa + 0.20  oil  g
et

0.15  103 6. (C)

 oil = Surface tension of oil is less than that of water.
0.20
= 0.75  103 = 750 kg/m3 So oil spreads on water.
rg

7. (A)
2.3.4 Hydrostatic Paradox
2.3.5 Pascal’s law and its applications A membrane has two free surfaces, therefore
total force acting on each side = T  2L
14. (D) T  2L
Ta

Force per unit length of the frame = = 2T

Pressure depends on depth alone. L
15. (B) 8. (D)
Hydraulic brakes work as per Pascal’s law.
Fflat T  2r 2
Hence change in liquid pressure is transmitted  
equally to wheels. Fcurved T  r 

16. (D) 9. (A)

17. (B) F 720
T= = = 72 dyne/cm
5 10 2l 25
r1 = m , r2 = m,
100 100 10. (A)
F2 = 1350 kg f = 1350  9.8 N; Force required to separate the plates,
F1 F2 2TA 2  70  10 3  10 2
As,  F   28 N
a1 a 2 t 0.05  10 3

6
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

11. (C) 22. (B)
2AT 2  8  75 Using Shortcut 2,
F= = = 105 dyne
t 0.12  10 1 r2 + r2 = R2
12. (C)  R = 2 r = 1.4 r
The force on disc = T  circumference 23. (D)
= 7  10–2  2   r Here, Assertion is false but Reason is true. As
22
= 7  10–2  2   (20  10–2) work done is,
7 W = S.T.  increase in area
= 8.8  102 N W
or S. T. =
13. (D) increaseinarea
F = T  (2R) 2 104
75  10 4 = = 5  10–2 N/m.

ns
 (2R) =
F
= = 12.5  102 m (10  8  10  4)104
T 6  102
24. (C)
14. (C)
W = T  Surface area of bubble
F = T  l = 2  2r  T = 0.0616  105 dyne Since the soap bubble has two surfaces,

io
6160  7
 T= dyne cm1 W = T  2  4R2 = 8R2T
4  22  7
= 70 dyne cm1 25. (C)

at
W = 2  4R2   ; R is increased by a factor of
15. (D)
2, so W is increased by a factor of 4.
Force due to S.T. = 2 (2r) T
 Force required to lift the ring, 26. (A)
F = 2 (2r) T
lic Increase in surface area = n  4r2  4R2
Required energy is equal to the product of
 102  0.07
22 3
=22 
7 4 surface tension and increase in surface area.
= 22  3  102  0.01 = (4nr2  4R2)  T = 4T (nr2  R2)
ub
= 66  104 N 27. (B)
16. (A) Work done
T=
F = T  (2 r1 + 2r2) Change in area
= T  2  (1.75 + 2.25)  102 3  104
P

= 0.074  2  3.14  4  102  T= = 3  10–2 N/m

2  (10  11  10  6)  104
= 1.86  10–2 N
28. (C)
17. (D)
Effective area = 2  0.02 m2 = 0.04 m2
et

Net force on stick = F1 – F2 = (T1  T2)l

Surface energy, TA = 5 N m1  0.04 m2
= (0.07 – 0.06)  2 = 0.01  2 = 0.02 N
= 2  101 J
18. (D)
rg

29. (C)
Pull due to surface tension = T  2  (l + t)
As volume remains constant,
= 0.07  2(9.8 + 0.2)  102
R3 = 8000r3  R = 20r
= 14  103 N
Surface energy of one big drop 4R 2T
Ta

19. (D)  
Surface energy of 8000 small drop 8000 4r 2T
2Tl = mg
 20r   1
2
1.5  10 2 R2
 T=
mg
= =
1.5
= 0.025 N/m  
2l 2  30  10 2
600 8000r 8000r 2 20
2

30. (C)
20. (C) W = 8r2T = 8  3.14  (5  102)2  30  102
Refer Shortcut 2 = 1.88  102 J
r  r12  r22  9  16  5 cm
31. (A)
21. (B) W = 8   r22  r12  T
Refer Shortcut 3
= 8  3.14  [(6  102)2]  (4  102)2]
rr 5 4
r 12   20 cm  0.035
r1  r2 5  4
= 17.58  104  1.8  103 J

7
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

32. (A) 40. (B)
Work done = S.T.  increase in surface area Area of film = 2 (10  102  5  102)
= 25  103  2  4  [(9  102)2 = (50  104 m2)  2
– (6  102)2] W = TA
3
= 200  10    [45  10 ] 4 = 0.035  (50  104)  2
= 9000   107 = 90  105 J = 0.035  100  104
= 0.035  102 = 3.5  104 J
33. (C)
dW = T  8 (R 22  R12 ) 41. (C)
The rectangular film of liquid has two surfaces.
= T  8(25R2  9R2) Hence, the increase in surface area is,
= T  8 (16 R2) = 128 R2T A = [(5  4) cm2  (4  2) cm2]  2
34. (A) = (20  8)  2 cm2 = 24  104m2

ns
Work done in blowing a soap bubble of radius R Also,
is given by, W = 8R2T W = T.A
4
3  10
= 0.125 Nm1
2 W
 6  10 2  2  T= =
= 8  3.14     2.1  10 A 24  104

io
 2 
= 47.4  105 J 42. (D)
Let r = radius of each small drop and

at
35. (C) R = radius of a big single drop.
Since conditions are isothermal, therefore, 4 4
Then n   r3 =  R3
energy will be conserved. 3 3
 2[2  4r2T] = 2  4R2T  R = n1/3 r


R2 = 2r2
R = 21/2 r
lic Initial surface energy = E1 = n  4  r2  T = n E
Final surface energy
36. (D) = E2 = 4  R2  T = 4  r2n2/3  T = n2/3 E
Energy released = E1 – E2 = E (n – n2/3)
ub
Work done = surface tension
 change in surface area 43. (A)
= T  (2A  A) W = 4r2T (n  n2/3)
=TA  2  10 3 2

 0.072 1000  103   

2/3
= 3  103  1.3  104 W = 4 
 
P

4
= 3.9  107 J
W = 8.146  10–4 J
37. (D) 44. (B)
Area of film = 2 (2  103) = 4  103 m2
et

W  r2
W = TA
 W1  r12 and W2  r22
= 40  103  (4  103) 2
= 16  105 J W1  r1   4 
2
rg

       = 16 : 9
W2  r2   3 
38. (C)
Work done = T  A 45. (D)
= 0.072  [(20  0.2  104)
Ta

4 3
V= r  V  r3  r  V1/3
– (20  0.1  104)] 3
= 0.072  0.1  20  104 Now,
= 0.072  2  104 W = 4  r2 T  W  r2  V2/3
= 1.44  105 J W  r 
2 2/3

=   = 
2V 
  = (2)2/3 = 41/3
W r  V 
39. (A)
 W = 41/3 W
Initial surface area = 2  length  separation
= 2  10  0.5 46. (A)
= 10 cm2 = 10  10–4 m2 2
4 3 4
r = R3 or R = 21/3r
Final surface area 3 3
= 2  10  (0.5 + 0.1)  104 = 12  10–4 m2 Final surface area = 4R2 = 422/3 r2
Work done = W = T  A Initial surface area = 2  4r2
= 0.070  [12  10–4 – 10  10–4] = 14  10–6 J  Energy released = [8r2 – 4  22/3 r2]T

8
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

47. (C) 51. (B)
Surface energy = surface tension  surface area As volume is conserved,
E = T  2A 4 4
R3 = n r3
 New surface energy, E1 = T  2(A/2) = T  A 3 3
E  E1 3
 0.5  102 
 % decrease in surface energy =  100 
R3
 = (5)3 = 125
3 
n= =
 1  10 
E r3
2TA  TA
=  100 = 50%  R3 = 125r3  R = 5r
2TA
W = n4r2T  4R2T
48. (B) = n4r2T  4(25r2)T
u = T  4  R2 = 4r2T (125  25)
When drop is sprayed into 1000 droplets each of 22
= 400   10–6  7  10–2

ns
radius r, then 7
4 4 R
R3 = 1000  r3  r = = 88  10–6
3 3 10
 W = 8.8  105 J
u = 1000  T  4r2

io
2
= 1000  T  4 R 52. (B)
100 Let r be the radius of each droplet and R be the
= 10  4R2T = 10 u radius of the big drop.

at
Since the total volume is the same, we have
49. (B)
4r 3 4R 3
Volume of small droplet =
4
r3 106  =
3 3

Volume of big drop =

4
3

R3
lic  R3 = 106 r3  R = 100 r
3  The surface energy of one million drops,
Due to volume conservation, E1 = 4r2T  106
ub
4 4  The surface energy of one big drop,
R3 = 64   r 3 
3 3  E2 = 4R2T
2 2

=    6 = 
 R3 = (4)3r3  R = 4 r E2 R 1 100r  1 1
   = 2
R 1 E1  r  10  r  10 6 10
 r= = = 0.25 mm
P

4 4
53. (C)
Work done = T  A = T [n4r2 – 4R2]
4 4
= 4T [nr2  R2]  R3 = 8  r3
3 3
et

= 4  72  103 [64  (0.25  103)2  (103)2]

 R3 = 8r3  R = 2r
= 288  103 [4  106  106]
Work done = T (n  4 r2 – 4R2)
= 2.7  106 J
R2
rg

= T (8  4  – 4R2)
50. (B) 4
n = 1000, R = 1 cm, = T 4 (2R2 – R2) = 4R2T
By applying conservation of volume
Ta

initial volume = final volume 54. (D)

(1)3 = nr3 4 4
R3 = n r3  R3 = nr3
1 1 3 3
r= =
n 1/3
(1000)1/3  R = n1/3 r  1.4 = 5r
1.4
r=
1
cm  r= = 0.28 mm
10 5
r = 0.1 cm Change in energy = T  A
r = 0.001 meter = 75  [n4r2 – 4R2]
Gain in surface energy = 75  4   [125 (0.28  10–1)2 – (1.4  10–1)2]
= TS = 300  3.14 [5(1.4  10–1)2 – (1.4  10–1)2]
= 0.075 {4 [1000  (0.001)2  (0.01)2]} = 300  3.14  4  1.96  10–2
Gain in surface energy = 8.5  104 J = 9.42  7.84  74 erg

9
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

2.4.3 Angle of contact 62. (A)
The pressure inside the bubble is equal to the
55. (D) pressure at a point Z0 below the free surface of
T1 + T cos ( – ) = T2 water
T2  T1  4T
= gZ0
 cos ( – ) = R
T T
T2  T1 4T 4  2.5  10 2
 – cos  =  Z0 =  3 = 1 cm
T   Rg 10  103  10
T1
T1  T2 T2
 cos  = 63. (A)
T
P1 = pressure difference between smaller
2.4.4 Effect of impurity and temperature on bubble and larger bubble
P2 = pressure difference between inside and

ns
surface tension of liquid
outside the larger bubble
56. (C) 57. (A) 4T 4T
Now, P1 = , P2 =
R1 R2
2.4.5 Excess pressure across the free surface of a

io
4T
liquid As required pressure difference P =
2.4.6 Explanation of formation of drops and R
bubbles P = P1 + P2

at
4T 4T 4T
58. (A)   
R R1 R 2
1 P r r 1
P   1  2   R1R 2
r P2 r1 4r 4 R=
lic R1  R 2
59. (A) 2  1  104
= = 6.67  10–3 m
P 
4T
 P 
1  2  1  102
r r
ub
Further, as radius of soap bubble increases with 64. (A)
1 V1 8
time, P  
t V2 1
4 3
P

60. (B)  r1 

P1 = 4 P2  3  = 8
4 3 1
4T 4T  r2 
 =4  r2 = 4r1  3 
et

r1 r2 3
 r1  8 r1 2

4
V = r3  V  r3      
 2
r 1 r2 1
3
1
rg

3
r 
3
But P 
=  1  =   =
V1 1 1
 r
V2  2
r  
4 64
P1 r 1
 = 2 =
61. (D) P2 r1 2
Ta

4T 4T
P1 = , P2 =  P1 = 2P2 65. (B)
r1 r2
1 1
1 2 r P = T   
1  r1 r2 
 =  1 =
r1 r2 r2 2
As r1 = r and r2 = ,
4 4
Now, V1 =  r13, V2 =  r23 P =
T
But r = d/2
3 3 r
 V1 = nV2 2T
 P =
4 4 d
 r13 = n r23  r13 = n r23
3 3 2T 2  75  10
3
 F = P.A = A=
r 
3 d 0.01
n =  1  =   = = 0.125
1 1
 = 150  103 dyne
 2
r  
2 8
= 150 gm-wt

10
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

2.4.7 Capillarity and Capillary action 74. (B)
2Tcos  1
66. (C) h= h
The length of the water column will be equal to rg r
full length of capillary tube. hA rB r 1
 = = B =
67. (D) hB rA 2rB 2
In a freely falling platform a body experiences
weightlessness, So, the liquid will rise upto to a 75. (A)
length of the capillary i.e., 20 cm. 2Tcos 
h=
rg
68. (D)
1
In an artificial satellite, there is a state of Here, h   h1r1 = h2r2
weightlessness. So, water will rise up to full length r

ns
of tube and will form a new surface of higher h1r1 4  2
radius of curvature but will not come out.  r2 = = = 1 cm
h2 8
69. (B)
2T cos 
76. (A)

io
From h = , the rise in capillary depends l cos 60 = 2 or l = 2  2 cm = 4 cm
rg
upon the surface tension of the liquid and 77. (B)

at
surface tension of soap water solution is less
h
than water. Hence, height will be less in second l =
case. Also, as the soap solution wets the surface sin(90  )
of capillary in contact, the shape of meniscus h 6 12
will be concave.
lic =
sin 60
=
3/2
= = 4 3 cm
3
70. (B)
2Tcos  78. (C)
h= r1 h 2 6.6 3
rg   
ub
2T cos 
r2 h1 2.2 1
 hg =
r
79. (C)
71. (C) 2T
P

2T cos  h=
h= h 
1 rg
rg r
2T
 r = (where r = radius of curvature)
72. (D) h g
et

2  547
R =
1.356  13.59  980
 = 0.06 cm
rg

r
 80. (A)
2Tcos 
Rise in capillary = h =
Ta

rg
As angle of contact  = 0  cos  = 1 and
 = 1 g/cc
2T 2  70
 h= =
r rg (1/ 42) 1 980
From figure, R =
cos 140  42
 h=  h = 6 cm
980
73. (B)
1 81. (A)
h
r 2T cos  2  0.072  cos 0
r h r  1.2 h= =
 r1h1  r2h 2  h 2  1 1  1  2.4 mm rg 0.024  10 2  1000  10
r2  r1 
  = 6 cm ….[ cos 0 = 1]
2

11
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

82. (C) 4  7  102  cos 00  1 1 
= 
h=
2Tcos 
T=
hrg 103  10  103  3 6 
rg 2cos  28  102  1 1
=  m

Tw h
= w 
cos m w
 10  3 6 
Tm hm cos w m = 4.66  10–3 m
10 cos 135 1 1 = 4.66 mm
=   =
3.42 cos 0 13.6 6.5
2.5 Fluids in motion
83. (C)
1. (D) 2. (A)
2T
h=
rg 2.6 Critical velocity and Reynold’s number
 g 

ns
hm g
 = e =6 ....  g m  e  1. (B)
he gm  6
Flow of liquid = 100 litres per minutes
 hm = 6 h e = 6 h 100  10 3 5
= = × 10–3 m3/s
84. (C) 60 3

io
3
2Tcos 1 2Tcos0 Q 5  10
h= = =4 Velocity of liquid, v = =
rg rg  
2
A 3   5  102

at
2T 2
 =4  v= = 0.2 m/s
rg 3
2Tcos 2 Reynolds’ number (Rn)
 =2 vD 2.0 1000 10 102
rg
1
lic =


1103
 2  10
4

 4  cos 2 = 2  cos 2 =
2  order of (Rn) = 104
 2 = 60 2. (B)
ub
85. (B) 
v C = Rn
The angle of contact is given by, D
 ghr For laminar flow, Reynold’s number Rn = 200
cos  =
2T 200  10 3

P

vC =
 = density of water 103  2  10 2
h = height of water in capillary = 0.01 m s1
r = radius of capillary
3. (D)
et

T = surface tension of water

2
1000  10  5  10  0.2  10 3 R n  3000  10  3
 cos  = vc = =
D 10 3  0.02
= 0.15 m/s
2  7  102
5 5
 cos  =   = cos–1  
rg

4. (D)
7 7  R n 2  103  6  103  101
vc = = = 0.33 m/s
86. (B) D 720  5  103
2Tcos  hrg Flow becomes turbulent, if the velocity is above
Ta

h= T= 0.33 m/s.

rg 2cos 
Tl  h 5. (B)
 = l  l
Tw w hw Reynold’s number Rn =
vρD
….(i)
850 η
=  3.0 = 2.55
1000 where v is the speed of flow.
 Tl = 7.0  102  2.55 = 0.18 N/m Rate of flow of water Q = Area of cross section
 speed of flow
87. (B) πD 2 4Q
2Tcos   1 1  Q=  v or v =
h2 – h1 =    4 πD 2
g  r2 r1  Substituting the value of v in equation (i),
4Tcos   1 1  4QρD 4Qρ
=    Rn = =
g  2
D D 1
πD2η πDη

12
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Substituting the values, 8. (D)
4  5  105  103 Volume of big drop = 2 (Volume of small drop)
Rn = = 5100
 22  4 4
 r23 = 2   r13
   1.25  10  10
2 3

 7  3 3
For NR > 2000, the flow is turbulent.  r2 = 21/ 3 r1
Hence, the flow of water is turbulent with Also v1  r12 , v2  r22
Reynold’s number 5100. v2 r22
 =
2.6.1 Viscosity v1 r12
2
6. (D) r2 23 r 2
From kinetic theory point of view viscosity  v2 = 22  v1 = 21  0.15
r1 r1
represents transport of momentum.
v2 = 0.15  22/3 cm/s

ns
7. (C) 8. (B)
9. (A)
9. (D) 10. (D) 4 4
R3 = 8  r3
11. (A) 3 3

io
 R = 2r
2.6.2 Coefficient of viscosity
Terminal velocity v  r2
12. (A) v1 r 2
 

at
With rise in temperature, viscosity of liquid v2 R 2
decreases while viscosity of gases increases.
10 r2
 
13. (D) v 2  2r 2
2  102
F = A
dv
dx
= 0.9  500  10–4 
lic
0.5  103
= 1.8 N  v2 = 40 cm/s
10. (D)
2.7 Stokes’ law 2r 2
Using v = (  ), v  (  )
ub
1. (C) 9η
F  r3  V vgold 19.5  1.5 18
As volume becomes doubled, F changes to 2F. = = =2
vsilver 10.5  1.5 9
2. (D) v gold
= 0.1 m s1
0.2
 vsilver = =
P

Fv 2 2

11. (B)
4 3
πr g
et

6πηrv =
3 6πηrv
2 2
 v= r g
mg 9
rg

6
v = 2  0.9  10  10  9.8
2 3
Fv = mg  5
4 9  1.8  10
 6rv = r3g = 98 ms–1 mg
3
Ta

4r 2g 4  12  1.75  980 12. (C)

= = = 1089 poise
3 6 v 3  6  0.35 4 3
Mass = Volume  Density  M = r  
3
2.7.1 Terminal velocity As the density remains constant
3. (D) 4. (B)  M  r3
1/3
r1  M1 
1/3

= 
M  1
5. (C)     = ….(i)
When the net force is zero, body moves with r2  M 2   8M  2
terminal velocity. 2 r 2 (  )g
Terminal velocity, v =
9 
6. (D)
Terminal velocity is caused due to viscosity,  v  r2
2
which is absent in vacuum. vT1  r1 
 =  
vT2  r2 
7. (B)

13
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

r 
2 2 When pipe is placed vertically upward velocity of
=  1  or   
v 1 1
[Using (i)] flow decreases with height so area of cross
nv  2
r n 2
section increases and when pipe is placed
n=4 vertically downward, velocity of flow increases
13. (C) in downward direction so area of cross section
v  r2  (neglecting density of liquid) decreases i.e., it becomes narrower.
where  = density of material of sphere. 3. (D)
ρ r3 The equation of continuity is derived on the
4
Now,  r 13 1 = 4 r 32 2  1 = 23 basis of the principle of conservation of mass
3 3 ρ2 r1
and it is true in every case, whether tube is kept
v1 r2 ρ r 2 r3 r horizontal or vertical.
 = 12  1 = 12  23 = 2
v2 r2 p2 r2 r1 r1
4. (A)

ns
14. (D) A1v1 = A2v2
2
Terminal speed v  r2 d 
2

= 2 =  2  =   = 4 : 1
v1 A 10

v1 r2 r2 v2 A1  d1   5 
 = 2 = 1/3 2

io
v2 R (2 r)
5. (B)
(21/3 r) 2
 v2 = v1 = 5  22/3 = 5  41/3 cm s1 If velocities of water at entry and exit points are v1
r2 and v2, then according to equation of continuity,

at
2
v1 A 2  r2   2 
2
15. (A) 4
A1v1  A2v2       
2 r2 v 2 A1  r1   3  9
Terminal velocity, vT = (  )g
9 

 v T1 =
2  12
9
(1  0.01 2)g =
2
9
lic
(82  0.1 2)g
6. (C)
R n holes
2
 v T2 = (7.9)g ….(i) Using equation of continuity,
9
ub
av = constant
2  22
v T2 = (2  0.12)g 2

9 R2V = nr2v  v = VR2

nr
8
 v T2 = (0.9)g ….(ii) 7. (D)
9
P

vT 7.9 v2 = v12  2gh = (0.4)2  210 0.2 = 2 m/s

 1
= = 79
vT2
4  0.9  36 A1v1 = A2v2
2
 8103 
et

16. (B) d2
   0.4 =   2
In the first 100 m, body starts from rest and its  2  4
velocity goes on increasing and after 100 m it  d  3.6  103 m
acquires maximum velocity (terminal velocity).
rg

Further, air friction i.e., viscous force which is 8. (A)

proportional to velocity is low in the beginning If the liquid is incompressible then mass of
and maximum at v = vT. liquid entering through left end, should be equal
to mass of liquid coming out from the right end.
Ta

Hence, work done against air friction in the first

100 m is less than the work done in next 100 m.  M = m1 + m2
 Av = A1v1 + A2v2
2.8 Equation of continuity
 24  10 = 12  6 + 8  v2
1. (B) 240  72
 v2 = = 21 m/s
According to the equation of continuity, 8
Av = constant
The speed of still water is very small and hence 9. (C)
area will be large. This makes the still water run Volume of water flowing per second = Av
deep. = A 2gh
2. (A) = (2 × 10–6) 2  10  2
In steady flow of incompressible liquid rate of
flow remains constant i.e., V = av = constant. = 2 × 2 × 10 × 10–6
This is equation of continuity. = 12.6  10–6 m3/s

14
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

2.9 Bernoulli’s Principle 10. (C)
According to Bernoulli's theorem,
1. (C) v2 (2.45) 2
h= h= = 0.300 = 30.0 cm
2. (B) 2g 2  10
As air under the pan is blown, pressure below  Height of jet coming from orifice
the pan decreases. This as per Bernoulli’s = 30.0  10.6 = 19.4 cm
theorem causes downward motion. 11. (B)
3. (A) v = 2gh  2  10  2  40 cm/s
According to Bernoulli’s theorem, when wind 2H 28
t=  s
velocity over the wings is larger than the wind g 10
velocity under the wings, pressure of wind over
28


ns
the wings becomes less than the pressure of distance travelled = 40  = 8 cm
wind under the wings. This provides the 10
necessary lift to the aeroplane. 12. (B)
4. (B) The height of water in the tank becomes

io
maximum when the volume of water flowing
According to Bernoulli’s theorem, when
into the tank per second becomes equal to the
velocity of liquid flow increases, pressure
volume flowing out per second.
decreases and vice-versa. When two boats move

at
parallel to each other, close to one another, the Volume of water flowing out per second
stream of water between the boats is set into = Av = A 2gh .…(i)
vigorous motion. As a result, the pressure Volume of water flowing in per second
exerted by the water in between the boats = 70 cm3/s .…(ii)
lic
becomes less than the pressure of water outside From (i) and (ii)
the boats. Due to this pressure difference, the A 2gh = 70
boats are pulled towards each other.
 1  2gh = 70  1  2  980  h = 70
ub
5. (D) 6. (C)  h=
4900
= 2.5 cm.
1960
7. (B)
P + 1gh1 + 2gh2 13. (B)
h = h1 + h2 = height of free surface above hole For maximum range, height of the hole
P

h
While at hole, horizontal velocity will be zero h
Total height 2 = 3h
1 = =
P + 1 gh1 + 2 gh2 = P + 1v2 2 2 4
2 …(Using Shortcut 17)
et

  h  2h 2     3h
 v= 2g  1 1  = 2g  h1  h 2 2  From PQ level, hole number 2 is at height of .
 1   1  4

14. (D)
rg

8. (C)
1 1
1 1 P+ v2 = P +   4v2
P1 +  v 12 = P2 +  v 22 2 2
2 2
ρ 2
2  P1  P2  P = P + v (1  4)
Ta

 = v2 2
 3
P = P  v2
2  P1  P2  2  3.5  3  105 2
 v= = = 10 m/s
 103 15. (D)
Using Bernoulli’s theorem,
9. (C) P1 v12 P v2
+ = 2 + 2
According to Bernoulli’s principle, g 2g g 2g
F 1
 v 4.5105 4 105 1v 2
2
P=
A 2 +0= +
g g 2g
1 1
 F = v2A =  1.2  (40)2  250 105 105
2 2 v22 = = 3
= 2.4  105 N  10
Also, net force acting on the roof is upward. v2 = 10 m/s

15
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

16. (A) 17. (B)
Let A = cross-section of tank Horizontal range will be maximum when
a = cross-section hole H 90
h= = …(Using Shortcut 17)
2 2
V = velocity with which level decreases
= 45 cm i.e., hole 3.
v = velocity of efflux i.e., velocity with which the
liquid flows out of orifice (i.e., a narrow hole) 18. (D)
Using equation of continuity,
A av = AV ….(i)
where, V is velocity with which liquid level
3m decreases and v is velocity of efflux.
B v
52.5cm
R

ns
From equation of continuity av = AV 1.25
Q
av
V= 0.75
A
By using Bernoulli's theorem for energy per unit According to Bernoulli’s theorem,

io
volume Energy per unit Energy per unit
=
Energy per unit volume at point A volume at point R volume at point Q
= Energy per unit volume at point B 1 1
P + gh + V2 = P + 0 + v2

at
1 1 2 2
P + gh + V2 = P + 0 + v2
2 2 av
But, V = ….[from equation (i)]
2gh A
v =2

a
1  
A
2
lic  gh +
1  av  1
   = v2
2 A 2
2

2  10  (3  0.525) 2gh 2  9.8  1.25

=  v2 = = = 30.625
1  (0.1) 2 1  (a / A)2
 
2
1  0.2
ub
= 50 m2/s2
 v = 5.5 m/s

Concept Fusion
P

1. (A) g
2. (C)
g
et

Three vessels have same base area and equal

volumes of liquid are added in them.
Considering the geometry of vessels, liquid in d
vessel ‘C’ will rise to maximum height amongst o R r
rg

the three.
Force on base, F  Pressure exerted on base, P 5. (B)
 height of liquid (h) P1V1 = P2V2
Hence, the force on the base will be maximum
Ta

4 4
at vessel C.  (H  h)g  r 3  H g  (2r) 3
3 3
3. (D)
The pressures are  H + h = 8H  h = 7H
2T 2T
Patm  , Patm + , Patm respectively.
r R 6. (B)
4. (B) [vc] = [xyrz]
Below the surface of the earth, pressure [M0 L1T–1] = [M1L1T–1]x [M1L3]y[L1]z
increases with increase in depth. Hence pressure
in the mine is higher than atmospheric pressure. [M0L1T–1] = [Mx + y] [L–x 3y + z][T–x]
The acceleration due to gravity below the Comparing both sides,
surface of the earth decreases uniformly with
x + y = 0, –x – 3y + z = 1, x = 1
the distance from the centre, as shown in the
figure below.  x = 1, y = 1, z = 1

16
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

7. (C) 2 2
2T Remaining energy is liberated as heat.
= hg  4T/ 2R = hg dg
R
Hence option (D) is correct.
4T
 = hg
D 12. (C)
4T 4  0.07 1 2Tcos 
 D= =   10–3 m Using, h = ,
hg 0.40  103  9.8 14 rdg
1
 D= mm Mass of the water in the first tube,
14
 2T cos   r2Tcos 
8. (A) m = r2hd = r2   d =
 rdg  g
Water cannot penetrate till hydrostatic pressure
> excess pressure due to surface tension. mr

ns
m  r 2r
At limiting condition when water is just about to    2
penetrate, the two pressures are equal. m r r
hg = 2T/r  m = 2m = 2  5g = 10 g
2T 2  0.07

io
 h= = 13. (D)
gr 103 10 104
4S
 h = 0.14 m = 14 cm Excess pressure inside the soap bubble =
r

at
9. (A) Hence the pressure inside the soap bubble
W1 = 8R2T1 4S
= Patm +
W2 = 8(2R)2T2 = 32R2T2 lic r
W1 T1 From ideal gas equation, PV = nRT
 
W2 4T2  4S  4
8   (rA )
3
When T1 = T2, W2 = 4W1
 A 
PA VA n A r 3 n
When temperature increases, surface tension   A
PBVB n B  4S  4 nB
ub
8   (rB )
3
decreases.
 rB  3
 W2 < 4W1
Substituting S = 0.04 N/m, rA = 2 cm,
10. (C) n 1
rB = 4 cm we get, A 
T
P

T nB 6
 
nB
 = 6.
nA
et

14. (C)
Here, Weight of metal disc = total upward force Outside pressure = 1 atm
= upthrust force + force due to surface tension Pressure inside first bubble = 1.01 atm
rg

= weight of displaced water + T cos  (2 r)

Pressure inside second bubble = 1.02 atm
= W + 2 rT cos 
 Excess pressures will be
11. (B)
P1  1.01  1  0.01 atm and
Ta

2
. h=
dgr P2  1.02  1  0.02 atm
where, h = rise of liquid in capillary tube 1 1
Work done by surface tension Now, P   r 
r P
 2  42
= Fh = (2)   = . r1 P2 0.02 2
 dgr  dg    
r2 P1 0.01 1
Hence option (A) is correct.
4
h    Now, V  r 3
P.E. = mg   = (dr2hg)   3
2  dgr 
 V  r3
 2     22
= r2dg       =
3
V1  r1   2  8
3

 dgr   dgr  dg      
V2  r2   1  1
Hence option (C) is correct.
17
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

15. (B) and velocity of water v = 2gh
4T
Pressure inside tube = P = P0 + 2Pl 2  2  105
r  v= = = 400 m/s
ρ 103
Let hemispherical radius be r1 and
sub-hemispherical radius be r2 22. (C)
Hence pressure on side 1 will be greater than Time taken by water to reach the bottom,
side 2. So, air from end 1 flows towards end 2.
2(H  D)
t= and
16. (C) g
Velocity of ball when it strikes the water surface velocity of water coming out of hole,
v = 2gh .…(i) v = 2gD
Terminal velocity of ball inside the water  Horizontal distance covered,
2    1 2(H  D)

ns
v = r 2g .…(ii) x =vt= 2gD  = 2 D(H  D)
9  g
Equating (i) and (ii)
2 r 2g 23. (C)
2gh = (  1) Let ‘A’ be the area of cross-section of the tank,

io
9 
2
‘a’ be the area of hole, ‘ve’ be the velocity of
2 4   1  efflux. ‘V’ be the speed with which level
 h= r g 
81    decreases.

at
So according to equation of continuity
17. (C) ave = AV [i.e., area (a)  velocity (v) =
18. (A)
lic constant]
av e
Area of each wing = 20 m2 V
A
Speed, v1 = 216 km h1 = 216  = 60 m s1
5
18
Now applying Bernoulli’s theorem,
2
1  av e  1
= 180 km h1 = 180  = 50 m s1
5 0 + Hg +  0  v e2
2  A 
Speed, v2
ub
18 2
Let P1 and P2 be the pressures of air at the upper  1 av  1
2

and lower wings of plane respectively, then    Hg   e    v e2

 2  A   2
P1 1 2 P2 1 2
 v1   v2 1  av e  1 2
2

 2  2  Hg +
P

 ve
2  A  2
 P1  P2 =
1

 v12  v 22  =
1
1 (60 2  50 2 )  a 
2
2 2 2Hg = ve2 1   
  A  
et

= 550 Pa
(Air density,  = 1 kg m3) 2Hg 2   4  0.6  10
ve2 =  = 71 m2/s2.
Force 1   0.2 
2 2
pressure  a
area 1  
A
rg

 Force = pressure  area

 ve = 71 = 8.4 m/s
ma = 550  20 (m = mass of a wing)
11000 24. (A)
m= = 1100 kg ( a = g)
Ta

10 v1 = 10 m/s, a1 = 8 cm2 = 8  104 m2,

Assuming mass of the plane is mostly due to its a2 = 16 cm2 = 16  104 m2, P1 = 1  105 N/m2,
wings, P2 =   105 Nm/s2
Mass of plane = 2m = 1100  2 = 2200 kg. a1v1 = a2v2
a1v1 8  104  10
19. (B)  v2 =  = 5 m/s
a2 16  104
20. (C)
1 2 1
A streamlined body offers less resistance to air. P1 + v1  P2  v22
2 2
P2 = P1 +   v12  v 22 
21. (A) 1

Pressure at the bottom of tank 2
P = hg = 3  105 1
 P2 = 105 +  103 (102  52)
Pressure due to liquid column 2
Pl = 3  105 – 1  105 = 2  105  P2 = 1.37  105 N/m2

18
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

25. (C) 28. (D)
rhg  1 2 1
Twater = P1 + v1 + gh1 = P2 + v22 + gh2
2 2 2
(Assuming water is pure and angle of contact 1 1
  0  + gh1 = Patm + v22 + gh2
2
Patm +
zero) 2 2
2T
 h = water ....(i) [ speed of water of top = 0]
rg
1 2
Weight of water = Mg = r2hg  g(h1  h2) = v2
2
Substituting for h ....[From (i)]
 v2 = 2g  h1  h 2  = 2gD
2T
 Mg = water  r2g
rg = 2   9.8   0.2 = 1.98 m/s

ns
= 2r Twater
Q = A2v2 = (6  104)(1.98)
= 2  3.142  0.1  10–3  0.07
= 1.19  103  1.2  103 m3/s
= 4.4  10–5 N

io
= 44 N
29. (B)
26. (D) Velocity of efflux when the hole is at depth h,

at
In equilibrium,
v= 2gh
For air inside capillary,
P0(lA) = P(l – x)A Rate of flow of water from square hole
lic
Where, P is pressure in capillary after being
submerged into water. Q1  a1 v1 = L2 2gy
Pl
 P = 0 Rate of flow of water from circular hole
ub
l x
Now since level of water inside capillary Q2 = a2v2 = R2 2g(4y)
coincides with outside, the excess pressure,
According to problem Q1 = Q2
2
P = P – P0 =
P

r  L2 2gy  R 2 2g(4y)
P0l 2
  P0 
lx r  R=
L
et

2
Solving above equation, we get,
l
x= 30. (B)
 P0 r 
rg

1  
 2  Power of heart = F  velocity
F
=  Area  velocity
27. (B) Area
Ta

From Bernoulli’s theorem,  area  displacement 

= Pressure   
P1 + v1 + gh1 = P2 +  v 2 + gh2
2 2
 time 
2 2
volume
Here h1  h2 = Pressure 
time
 2
 P1 – P2 =
2
 v 2  v12  = 0.6 (702 – 602) = 780 Pa = P.
dV
= hg 
dV
dt dt
This pressure difference causes uplift of plane 3
= (0.15)  (13.6  103) (10)  5  10
 Net force = upward force  downward force 60
= (P1  P2)  area  weight 13.6  5  0.15
=
= 780  14  1000  10 ( weight = mg) 6
= 1.70 watt
= 920 N (in upward direction)

19
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

MHT-CET Previous Years’ Questions

1. (B) 2. (C) 8. (C)
Rise of water in capillary tube is given by
3. (B)
dv 2Tcosθ
F=A h=
Rρg
dx
F dv For water, cos = 1
 shearing stress = 
A dx Also, the radius of capillary tube becomes
5
9
(R – r) after inserting wire of radius r.
2
 shearing stress = 10  18 = 0.25  103 N/m2  h=
2T
10
 R  r  ρg

ns
4. (A)
For a given material, terminal velocity is 9. (C)
independent of mass of the body but depends on Surface area of drop, A1 = 4R2
density of the material. Surface area of 512 droplets, A2 = 512 (4r2)

io
volume of drop = n  (volume of droplet)
5. (D)
4 3 4
σ2  πR = 512 × πr 3
Force per unit area due to charge = …(i) 3 3
2 0

at
 R = 8r
512  4πR 2 
4T
Excess pressure due to surface tension =
r  A2 =
lic …(ii) 64
Equating equations (i) and (ii),  A2 = 8 (4R2)
σ2 4T Surface energy  Area

E 2 A2 8  4πR 
=
2 0
2
r
 = 
80T 80T E1 A1 4πR 2
ub
 2 = ⇒ =
r r  E2 = 8E1 = 8E ... { E1 = E}
q 80T
 2
 10. (A)
4πr r
F = 105 dyne = 105  10–5 N,
P

80T
 q = 4r2 T = 7  10–2 N/m
r
Now the force due to surface tension on the
6. (C) circular cross-section of capillary with inner
et

h1r1 = h2r2 radius r will be,

h r 1.8  r F = 2rT
 h2 = 1 1 = = 2 cm F 105  10 5
r2 0.9r  2r = =
rg

T 7  10 2
7. (A) = 15  10–3 m = 1.5 cm
4 4
As, b 3  N  a 3 11. (D)
3 3
Ta

 3
b = Na 3 Let R be the radius of bigger drop and r be the
Energy released, radius of single small water drop.
U = T  4a2  N  T  4b2 Volume of big drop = n(Volume of small drop)
4 4
= T  4
b3
 T  4b2  R3 = n  r3
3 3
a
This energy is converted into K.E.  R3 = nr3
1
1 2 1 1 
 mv  T  4b3    R = n3 r
2 a b Surface energy of n drops (En) = n  4r2  T
1 4 3 2 31 1 Surface energy of big drop (E) = 4R2T
  b  v = T  4b   
2 3 a b E n nr 2 nr 2 nr 2 1

1/ 2   2    n 3
= 3
n:1
 6T  1 1  
2 2
E R  13 
v =     3 2
n r n r
   a b   

20
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

12. (B) 15. (A)
2Tcos  T=
F mg

h=
rg 2l 2l
2Tl
 h
1  m=
r g
 h1r1 = h2r2 16. (D)
h1 r2 Due to volume conservation,
  ….(i) 4 4
h 2 r1 2 R3 = r3  r = 21/3 R
3 3
Also, area A = r 2
Surface energy  Area
 r A

Surface energy  before 
2A1 2R 2
 2
r2 A2  Surface energy  after

ns
A2 r
  ….(ii)
r1 A1 2R 2
= = 21/3
From equations (i) and (ii), 2  R2
2/3

h1 A2 A/9 1
   17. (B)

io
h2 A1 A 3 E = 2(T  A)
 h2 = 3h1 = 3h = 2T  4r22  4r12 

at
22
13. (C) = 2  0.035  4 
7
Velocity of efflux for A: v1 = 2gh
  6 10 2    4 10 2  
2 2

Velocity of efflux for B: v2 = 2g  3h =

 

Water flowing out from A = Water flowing out

lic 6gh
= 2  0.035  4 
22
 (36 – 16)  10–4
7
from B. ….(Given) = 1.76  10–3 J
 v1A1 = v2A2
ub
18. (A)
Since, Area of square (A1) = L2 We know,
Area of circle (A2) = r2 2 2 (ρ  σ)g
= r
 2gh × L =
2
6gh × r
2 9 v
2 (ρ1  σ)R g
2
P

6gh  v1 =
 L2 = × r2 = 3r 2 9 η
2gh
v1 2 R 2g
 
(ρ1  σ) 9 η
1 1 1 1
L = 3 4  2 r = r   2  3 4
et

Similarly,
14. (A) 2 (ρ2  σ)R 2g ρ σ
v2 =  2 .v1
η ρ1  σ
rg

19. (D)
2
F1 F d 
 2  F2 = F1  2 
Ta

πd12 πd 22  d1 
20. (A)
We know,
For wire to float into water, its weight should be 2T cosθ 2T
h=  …(i)
balanced by the surface tension of the water. rpg rg
 mg = Tl ....(where, l = length of the wire) Assuming water to be pure,  = 0 ⇒ cos  = 1
 Vg = Tl  h1 =
2T
and h2 =
2T
 r2lg = Tl r1g r2g

 r2 =
T 2T  1 1  2T  r2  r1 
 h1  h2 = h =    =  
g g  r1 r2  g  r1r2 
T hgr1r2
 r=  T=
g 2(r2  r1 )

21
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

21. (C) R
 2r = R or r =
Total length = 4L 2
 Surface tension = 2T  4 L = 8 TL 2T
Excess pressure (Pi  Po) =
r
22. (A)
T T
Refer Shortcut 10 ΔPs = , ΔPB =
2r 2R
23. (B) ΔPB r 1
 = =
24. (C) ΔPS R 2
The rise of liquid is given by
31. (B)
2T cosθ
h= Given: Rn = 2500,  = 10–3 Ns/m2, Rn = 2500,
rpg
 = 103 kg/m3, d = 2r = 2 cm = 2  10–2 m
h1 T1 ρ2 60 0.6 9
 =     Reynolds number Rn is given by

ns
h 2 T2 ρ1 50 0.8 10 vcρd
Rn =
25. (B) η
Surface tension in terms of capillary rise h is R nη 2500  103
 vc = = 3 = 0.125 m/s
rhg rhg 10  2  102

io
ρd
T= 
2cos  2cos 
32. (B)
cos θ h 1
 = = = 0.5

at
cos θ h 2 33. (A)
Any increase in the temperature of a liquid
 cos  = 0.5 cos 0 = 0.5
decreases its angle of contact. Hence, statement
  = cos–1(0.5)
(A) is incorrect.
26. (B)
4T
lic 34. (D)
P1 = For the wire not to sink;
r1 weight of wire = force due to surface tension
P2 =
4T πr2lρg = 2Tl
ub
r2 2T 2T
r2 = ⇒r=
 P1 = 2P2 ….(Given) g g
4T 2  4T
 = 35. (D)
r1 r2
P

Let R be radius of bigger drop and r be radius of

r1 1
  ….(i) smaller droplet.
r2 2 As mass of liquid is conserved before and after
4 3 spreading of drop,
et

πr1 3
V1 3 r  ∴ mass of big drop = n  mass of droplet
Now, = =  1
V2 4 3  r2  4 3 4
πr2 ρ πR = ρ  πr3  216
3 3 3
rg

=   ∴ R3 = 216 r3
1
….[From (i)]
 
2 ∴ R = 6r
Surface energy of bigger drop = E = AT =
27. (C) 28. (C) (4πR2)T
Ta

29. (C) Total surface energy of small droplets

At terminal velocity, E = nAT =216  4πr2  T
2

= 216  4π     T =
Total downward force = total upward force R 216
 4 πR2 T
 V1g = V2g + kv 2t 6 36
 kv = v(1 – 2)g
2
t
∴ E = 6  E
Vg(ρ1  ρ2 ) 36. (A)
 vt =
K Net force on stick = F1  F2 = T1h  T2h
= (T1  T2)h
30. (B)
Volume of 8 smaller drops = Volume of the 37. (B)
bigger drop From equation of continuity,
4 4π 3 A1V1 = A2V2
 8 r3 = R Given: V1 = V and V2 = V1
3 3

22
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

 A1V = A2V1 
4 4
R 3   1000  r 3
d d n
2 2
d 2 3 3
V V1 n
( A = )
4 4 4  R = 10r
where dn is the diameter of the nozzle. E1 = TA 12 = T(4R2)

 d2n = d
2 V E2 = n TA 22 = 1000  T (4r2)
V1
10r 
2
E1 R2
V   
 dn = d E 2 1000r 1000r 2
2

V1
E1 1
 
38. (C) E 2 10
Rise in capillary tube,  x=1

ns
2T cos 
h= 42. (D)
rg Excess pressure inside the 1st spherical drop is
Given that, h, T, r and g are constant. given by,
cos 

io
 = constant 2T
P1 =
 r1
cos 1 cos2 cos  3 Similarly, for 2nd drop
i.e. = =

at
1 2 3 2T
P2 =
as 1 > 2 > 3 r2
cos 1 > cos 2 > cos 3 P1 = 3P2 ….(Given)
 1 < 2 < 3
lic 
2T  2T 
 3 
39. (C)
r1  r2 
2T cos  
r1 1

Height of liquid column, h =
ub
r g r2 3
Given: h1 = 5 cm m1 V11
Now, 
also T2 = 2T1; ρ2 = 2ρ1 m 2 V22
2T1 cos  As both the drops are of water, 1 = 2
P

 h1 =
r1g m1 V1
 
2T2 cos  m 2 V2
h2 =
r 2g m1 4 / 3r13
et

 
2(2T1 )cos  4T cos  m2 4 / 3r23
= = 1
r(21 )g r(21 )g m1 1
 
rg

h1 5 2T1 cos  r21g m2 27

   
h2 h2 r1g 4T1 cos 
43. (C)
5
1 44. (A)
Ta

h2
A1 = 2  3.5  10–4 m2 = 7 × 10–4 m2
 h2 = 5 cm = 0.05 m
A2 = 2  4.5  10–4 m2 = 9 × 10–4 m2
40. (D) dw
T=
A1 = 9  10–4 m2, A2 = 25  10–4 m2 2dA
T = 2.5  10–2 N/m 6.4  105
T=
Work done, 2   9  7   104
W = 2T A = 2  2.5  10–2  (25 – 9)  10–4 T = 0.16 N/m
W = 80  10–6 J
Caution - Q.44
41. (D)
The factor of 2 in the formula for surface tension
r = Radius of small drop signifies the two surfaces of the rectangular film.
R = Radius of bigger drop

23
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

Evaluation Test

1. (B) 7. (C)
If an bubble is formed, its radius is equal to that 1
rh = constant  r 
capillary h
2s Hence, if h is halved, then r is doubled.
 Required pressure = P0 + gh +
r
8. (B)
2. (B)
F1 and F2 are balanced. 9. (B)
This is same as saying the there is no gravity in
a F3 space as the weight will cancel the pseudo force
of the lift. Thus the force of surface tension will

ns
take it to the maximum possible height.
F2 F1
10. (D)
P = P0 + hg = 1.01  105 + (3  103  1030  9.8)
 3  107 Pa

io
b
F4
11. (C)
Using Shortcut 2,
Resultant force = F3  F4

at
R = r12  r2 2
= 1l  2l
= (1  2)l 12. (A)
Using Shortcut 3,
3. (A)
Air flows from high pressure to low pressure
lic 1 1 1
 
R r1 r2
region. Thus the smaller bubble will be
engulfed. r1r2
R= = 4 mm
ub
r1  r1
4. (C)
4 3 1 4 13. (B)
r g = 2rT +  r3g
3 2 3 h1r1
h1r1 = h2r2 or h2 = ….(i)
4  1 r2
P

4
 2rT = r3g   r 3g  
3 3  2 A1 r12 A
Here  where A1 = A and A2 =
4 2   A2 r22 16
2T = r g   
et

3  2 r12 16 r
 2
=  1 =4 .…(ii)
2T r2 1 r2
 2
r =
4  
g    
 From (i) and (ii), h2 = 5  4 = 20 cm
3  2
rg

14. (A)
3T 3T
 2
r = r= 4 4 4
R3 = 64   r3 = (4r)3
g(2  ) g(2  ) 3 3 3

Ta

R = 4r
5. (A) S1 = 64  4r2  T and S2 = 4R2T
Balancing forces on the edge,
S1 64  4r 2  T
2
 r  64
(Tcos) 2r = mg    64    =4
S2 4R  T
2
 R  16
0.157  10  103
 r= m
2  3.14  0.075  1 15. (A)
= 3.3 mm W = 8r2T
= 8  3.14  (1  102)2  3  102
6. (C)
= 7.54  10–5 J
The surface area is given by (S.T.)  Area
Work Done = Final surface energy  Initial 16. (D)
surface energy. P = hg
= 4 (2r)2  4r2 h and  being constant pressure in all four
= 12r2 containers is same.

24
 

Chapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

17. (C) 21. (C)
4S
Then P = P0 +
r Gasoline (0.6) 4h
4 3 Water
Now P  r = nRgT
3 h  1.5
Liquid
 4S  4 3
  P0   r  2RgT (1.6)
 r 3
For 2 bubbles,
 4S  3 Pleft side = Pright side
 P0   A
 rA  n
 A w  g  2.5 = gas  g  (4  h) + liqg(h  1.5)
 4S  nB
 P0   B
3
1000  g  2.5 = 600g (4  h) + 1600g(h  1.5)
 rB 

ns
2500 = 2400  600 h + 1600 h  2400
 4  0.004 
8  2 
(2  102 )3 2500
 2  10  n  h= = 2.5 m
  A 1000
 4  0.004  nB
8  2 
(4  102 )3

io
 4  10 
22. (C)
nB
 8 Using Bernoulli’s equation,
nA
1 1

at
P1 + 1v12  P2   2 v 22 ….(i)
18. (C) 2 2
Force of surface tension balances the weight of Also, P1  P2 = g  6 .…(ii)
liquid raised
From (i) and (ii),
  (d2 + d1)S = 
(d 2 2  d12 )
hg
lic 2  P1  P2  2g  6
4 v 22  v12 = 
 
4s
 h=
(d 2  d1 )g = (2g)  6
ub
4  0.075 = 2  980  6
=
10  (2  1.5)  103  10
3
v v
2
2
2
1 = 12  980 cm2/s .…(iv)
= 0.06 m = 6 cm From equation of continuity,
P

19. (B) A1v1 = A2v2

Tension in the thread is uniform. We can find v1 A 2   0.52
the tension in any portion of thread as follows:   = = 0.25
v 2 A1   12
et

Force = Surface Tension  length

v12  0.252  v 22
i.e. Tension in the wire = (S)  r
Substituting in (iv),
 1 
=S 
rg


 8  2  v22 1   0.25   12  980
2
 
S
= 12  980
8  2 v2 
Ta

0.9375
20. (A) Quantity of water flowing
Fluids move from higher pressure to lower
= A1v1 = A2v2
pressure. In a fluid, pressure increases with
depth, so pressure at the top Pa (the atmospheric 12  980
=   0.52 
pressure) is lesser than at the bottom [Pa + dg]. 0.9375
Hence the air bubble will move from bottom to  88 c.c per s
top. (It cannot move side ways as the pressure at
the same level in a fluid is same). In coming 23. (D)
from bottom to top, pressure decreases, so in Gauge pressure at point A = hg
accordance with Boyle’s law i.e., PV = constant, Total pressure at point A
volume V will increase. Thus, the air bubble = atmospheric pressure + gauge pressure
will grow in size and its radius will increase. = Pa + hg
25
 

MHT-CET Triumph Physics (Solutions)

24. (D) hg
= hl
Mass of liquid in AB = yA 2
Net force = mass  acceleration 0.4  103  10
=  0.4  0.5
= (yA)  x .…(i) 2
Also, pressure at A = h2g, = 400 N
pressure at B = h1g 28. (C)
Net force = Net pressure  area Velocity of efflux, v  2gd
= (h2g  h1g)  A ….(ii)
2H
Equating (ii) and (i) Time taken for the range r 
g
 (h2  h1) gA = (yA) x
xy 2H
 h2  h1 = r  2gd 

ns
g g
2H
25. (B)  r2 = 2dg   4dH
g
h
v1  2g    gh

io
.…(i) r2
 2  d
4H
From Bernoulli’s theorem,
29. (A)

at
h 1
2gh + 4g     4 v22 According to equation of continuity,
2 2
Av = constant.
 v2  2gh .…(ii) By attaching a jet, area of cross-section is


v2
 2
lic reduced. This results into increasing the velocity
of water flowing out of the pipe.
v1
26. (D) 30. (C)
According to equation of continuity,
ub
For a freely falling body, g = 0 Hence v = 0.
Av = constant
At A, area is larger than B hence v is smaller at 31. (A)
A than at B. When the snow accumulates on the wings of an
aeroplane, the upper surface of the wing
P

Also, from Bernoulli’s principle,

1 2
becomes flat. It means the curvature of the
P+ v = constant surface decreases. Pressure difference which
2
This means where v is small, P is more. causes the lift off of the aeroplane depends on
et

At A, pressure is higher. Hence liquid at the curvature of the wing. Thus, due to the
point A will raise to greater height than at point decrease in curvature, the lift-off of the
B. Hence option (B) is incorrect. aeroplane also decreases.
rg

Now, pressure at A, P1 = Pa + hArg

Pressure at B, P2 = Pa + hBrg
P1  P2 = (hA  hB)rg = hrg
Ta

Hence option (A) is correct.

Bernoulli’s principle is applicable for non-
viscous, streamlined flow of liquid. Hence
option (C) is also correct.
27. (B)
The pressure of water at the base of aquarium
P = hg
Pressure being linear function of height, average
pressure is half of the maximum pressure.
Hence force on the lateral wall,
F = Pav  A
= Pav  (h  l)
26