* NLE * NCLEX * HAAD * PROMETRICS * DHA * MIDWIFERY * LET * RAD TECH * CRIMINOLOGY * DENTISTRY *

PHARMACY * MED TECH

COMPREHENSIVE PHASE
POST TEST
ONCOLOGY
Prepared By: Ms. Jaidee Rojas
MAY 2024 Philippine Nurse Licensure Examination Review

1. A female client with cancer is being evaluated for

possible metastasis. Which of the following is one of the d. Every 3 years between ages 20 and 40 and annually
most common metastasis sites for cancer cells? thereafter.

5. A 33-year-old female client is requesting information

a. Liver about mammograms and breast cancer. She isn't
b. Colon
considered at high risk for breast cancer. What should the
c. Reproductive tract
d. White blood cells (WBCs) nurse tell this client?

2. Nurse Aldin is teaching a client who suspects that she

has a lump in her breast. The nurse instructs the client a. She should have had a baseline mammogram before
that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by: age 30.
b. She should eat a low-fat diet to further decrease her
risk of breast cancer.
a. breast self-examination. c. She should perform breast self-examination during the
b. mammography. first 5 days of each menstrual cycle.
c. fine needle aspiration. d. When she begins having yearly mammograms, breast
d. chest X-ray. self-examinations will no longer be necessary.
3. A female client has an abnormal result on a 6. The nurse is preparing for a female client for magnetic
Papanicolaou test. After admitting, she read her chart resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm or rule out a spinal
while the nurse was out of the room, the client asks what cord lesion. During the MRI scan, which of the following
dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse would pose a threat to the client?
provide?

a. Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells a. The client lies still.

that don't resemble cells of the tissues of their origin b. The client asks questions.
b. Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal c. The client hears thumping sounds.
arrangement in a tissue or an organ d. The client wears a watch and wedding band.
c. Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by
7. A male client is in isolation after receiving an internal
another in tissues where the second type normally isn't
radioactive implant to treat cancer. Two hours later, the
found
nurse discovers the implant in the bed linens. What
d. Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of
should the nurse do first?
differentiated cells

4. Nurse Charm is providing breast cancer education at a a. Stand as far away from the implant as possible and call
community facility. The American Cancer Society for help.
recommends that women get mammograms: b. Pick up the implant with long-handled forceps and
place it in a lead-lined container.
c. Leave the room and notify the radiation therapy
a. Yearly after age 40.
department immediately.
b. After the birth of the first child and every 2 years
d. Put the implant back in place, using forceps and a
thereafter.
shield for self-protection, and call for help.
c. After the first menstrual period and annually thereafter.

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 13. A 35 years old client with ovarian cancer is
prescribed hydroxyurea, an antimetabolite drug.
8. What should a male client over age 52 do to help Antimetabolites are a diverse group of antineoplastic
ensure early identification of prostate cancer? agents that interfere with various metabolic actions of the
cell. The mechanism of action of antimetabolites
a. Have a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific interferes with:
antigen (PSA) test done yearly.
b. Have a transrectal ultrasound every 5 years.
c. Perform monthly testicular self-examinations, a. Cell division or mitosis during the M phase of the cell
especially after age 50. cycle.
d. Have a complete blood count (CBC) and blood urea b. Normal cellular processes during the S phase of the
nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels checked yearly. cell cycle.
c. The chemical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
9. A male client with a nagging cough makes an and chemical binding between DNA molecules (cell
appointment to see the physician after reading that this cycle-nonspecific).
symptom is one of the nine warning signs of cancer. d. One or more stages of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What is another warning sign of cancer? synthesis, DNA synthesis, or both (cell cycle-
nonspecific).

14. For a female client newly diagnosed with radiation-

a. Persistent nausea induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include
b. Rash which intervention in the plan of care?
c. Indigestion
d. Chronic ache or pain

10. The ABCD method offers one way to assess skin a. Administering aspirin if the temperature exceeds 102°
lesions for possible skin cancer. What does the A stand F (38.8° C)
for? b. Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift
a. Actinic c. Providing for frequent rest periods
b. Asymmetry d. Placing the client in strict isolation
c. Arcus
d. Assessment 15. A client, age 41, visits the gynecologist. After
examining her, the physician suspects cervical cancer.
11. A 37 years old client has been receiving The nurse reviews the client's history for risk factors for
chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding this disease. Which history finding is a risk factor for
suggests that the client has developed stomatitis cervical cancer?
(inflammation of the mouth)?

a. White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue a. Onset of sporadic sexual activity at age 21
b. Yellow tooth discoloration b. Spontaneous abortion at age 19
c. Red, open sores on the oral mucosa c. Pregnancy complicated with eclampsia at age 27
d. Rust-colored sputum d. Human papillomavirus infection at age 32

12. During chemotherapy, an oncology client has a 16. The nurse is caring for a client following a
nursing diagnosis of impaired oral mucous membrane gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II procedure). Which
related to decreased nutrition and immunosuppression postoperative interventions should the nurse avoid to do?
secondary to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy.
Which nursing intervention is most likely to decrease the a. Leg exercises
pain of stomatitis? b. Early ambulation
c. Irrigating the nasogastric tube
a. Recommending that the client discontinue d. Coughing and deep-breathing exercises
chemotherapy
b. Providing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and water 17. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a
for use as a mouth rinse client following gastrectomy and should instruct the
c. Monitoring the client's platelet and leukocyte counts client to take which measure to assist in preventing
d. Checking regularly for signs and symptoms of dumping syndrome?
stomatitis
a. Ambulate following a meal.
b. Eat high-carbohydrate foods.
c. Limit the fluids taken with meals.
d. Sit in a high Fowler's position during meals.

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 24. One of the most serious blood coagulation
18. Which of these does the nurse recognize as the goal complications for individuals with cancer and for those
of palliative surgery for the client with cancer? undergoing cancer treatments is disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC). The most common
A. Cure of the cancer cause of this bleeding disorder is:
B. Relief of symptoms or improved quality of life
C. Allowing other therapies to be more effective
D. Prolonging the client's survival time a. Brain metastasis
b. Sepsis
19. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most c. Intravenous heparin therapy
appropriate for a patient experiencing myelosuppression d. Underlying liver disease
secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment? 25. Nurse Gayas is teaching a male client to perform
monthly testicular self-examinations. Which of the
A. Acute pain following points would be appropriate to make?
B. Hypothermia
C. Powerlessness a. Testicular cancer is a highly curable type of cancer
D. Risk for infection b. Testicular cancer is very difficult to diagnose
20. Previous administrations of chemotherapy agents to c. Testicular cancer is the number one cause of cancer
a cancer patient have resulted in diarrhea. Which of the deaths in males
following dietary modifications should the nurse d. Testicular cancer is more common in older men
recommend? 26. Melody, who is suspected of an ovarian tumor is
scheduled for a pelvic ultrasound. The nurse provides
A. A bland, low-fiber diet which pre-procedure instruction to the client?
B. A high-protein, high-calorie diet
C. A diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables a. Wear comfortable clothing and shoes for the procedure
D. A diet emphasizing whole and organic foods b. Maintain an NPO status before the procedure
21. A client had a transurethral resection of the prostate c. Drink six to eight glasses of water without voiding
(TURP) yesterday. The staff nurse notes that the before the test
hemoglobin is 8.2 g/dL. What is the nurse's best action? d. Eat a light breakfast only

27. The nurse is caring for a female client experiencing

A. Notify the charge nurse as soon as possible. neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy and develops a
B. Irrigate the catheter with 30 mL normal saline. plan of care for the client. The nurse plans to:
C. Document the assessment in the medical record.
D. Prepare for a blood transfusion. a. Teach the client and family about the need for hand
22. A nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia who hygiene
has a suspected infection. Which intervention does the b. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter to prevent skin
nurse implement first? breakdown
c. Restrict fluid intake
d. Restrict all visitors
A. Hydrates the client with 1000 mL of IV normal saline
B. Initiates the administration of prescribed antibiotics 28. In staging and grading neoplasm TNM system is used.
C. Obtains requested cultures TNM stands for:
D. Places the client on Bleeding Precautions
a. Time, neoplasm, mode of growth
23. The nurse is discussing treatment options with the b. Tumor, node, metastasis
client newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Which c. Tumor, neoplasm, mode of growth
statement by the client indicates a need for further d. Time, node, metastasis
teaching?
29. Specific classification of the chemotherapeutic agent,
Vincristine is:
A. "Hormonal therapy is only used to prevent the growth
of cancer. It won't get rid of it." a. Hormone modulator
B. "I might have chemotherapy before surgery." b. Mitotic inhibitor
C. "If I get radiation, I am not radioactive to others." c. Antineoplastic antibiotic
D. "Radiation will remove the cancer, so I might not d. Antimetabolite
need surgery."

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30. Specific classification of the chemotherapeutic agent, d. Cyclophosphamide
Topotecan is:
37. A patient who is scheduled for a right breast biopsy
a. Hormone modulator asks the nurse the difference between a benign tumor and
b. Mitotic inhibitor a malignant tumor. Which answer by the nurse is correct?
c. Topoisomerase I inhibitor a. Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues.
d. Topoisomerase II inhibitor
b. Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location.

31. Specific classification of the chemotherapeutic agent, c. Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs.
Methotrexate is:
d. Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal
a. Antimetabolite cells.
b. Alkylating agent
38. Which of the following statements is correct about
c. Topoisomerase I inhibitor
the rate of cell growth in relation to chemotherapy?
d. Topoisomerase II inhibitor
a. Faster growing cells are less susceptible to
32. The following are cell cycle specific (S phase),
chemotherapy.
except:
b. Non-dividing cells are more susceptible to
a. Antimetabolite
chemotherapy
b. Alkylating agent
c. Topoisomerase I inhibitor c. Faster growing cells are more susceptible to
d. Topoisomerase II inhibitor chemotherapy

33. The following are non-cell cycle specific, except: d. Slower growing cells are more susceptible to
chemotherapy.
a. Hormone modulator
b. Mitotic inhibitor 39. The nurse realizes that for a cell to become cancer, it
c. Antineoplastic antibiotic needs to progress through three stages. Which of the
d. Nitrosureas following is not a stage of this process?

34. Stomatitis refers to inflammation and redness of the

a. Initiation
oral mucosa that can lead to pain and difficulty talking,
b. Promotion
eating, and sleeping. What chemotherapeutic agent tends
c. Progression
to have a side effect of stomatitis?
d. Stimulation
a. Doxorubicin
40. A client, prescribed to begin chemotherapy, asks the
b. Bleomycin nurse How does chemotherapy work? Which of the
following should the nurse respond to this client?
c. Methotrexate

d. Cisplatin
a. It prevents the process of cell growth and replication.
35. Vincristine is a plant alkaloid chemotherapeutic b. It kills only cancer cells.
agent that causes: c. It treats the exposed area only with high-energy rays.
d. Agents are implanted in an area to inhibit cancer
a. Hemorrhagic cystitis growth.
b. Peripheral neuropathy 41. A 33-year-old patient has recently been diagnosed
with stage II cervical cancer. What should the nurse
c. Ototoxicity
understand about the patient's cancer?
d. Cardiac toxicity A. It is in situ.
B. It has metastasized.
36. Mesna is a detoxifying medicine used to prevent C. It has spread locally.
hemorrhagic cystitis that is caused by chemotherapeutic D. It has spread extensively.
agent:

a. Vincristine
42. The laboratory reports that the cells from the patient's
b. Bleomycin tumor biopsy are Grade II. What should the nurse know
about this histologic grading?
c. Cisplatin

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 regrowth of the hair occurs.
A. Cells are abnormal and moderately differentiated. b. Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat and
B. Cells are very abnormal and poorly differentiated. wear it once hair loss begins.
C. Cells are immature, primitive, and undifferentiated. c. Have the patient wash the hair gently with a mild
D. Cells differ slightly from normal cells and are well- shampoo to minimize hair loss.
differentiated. d. Inform the patient that hair loss will not be permanent
and that the hair will grow back.
43. Which of the following interventions is the key to
increasing the survival rates of clients with lung cancer?

a. Early bronchoscopy 49. When assessing a patient's needs for psychologic

b. Early detection support after the patient has been diagnosed with stage I
c. High-dose chemotherapy cancer of the colon, which question by the nurse will
d. Smoking cessation provide the most information?

44. The patient is receiving an IV vesicant chemotherapy

drug. The nurse notices swelling and redness at the site. a. "Can you tell me what has been helpful to you in the
What should the nurse do first? past when coping with stressful events?"
b. "How long ago were you diagnosed with this cancer?"
c. "Are you familiar with the stages of emotional
A. Ask the patient if the site hurts. adjustment to a diagnosis like cancer of the colon?"
B. Turn off the chemotherapy infusion. d. "How do you feel about having a possibly terminal
C. Call the ordering health care provider. illness?"
D. Administer sterile saline to the reddened area.
50. Julie, a hospice nurse visits a client dying of ovarian
45. The patient is diagnosed with early cancer of prostate. cancer. During the visit, the client expresses that "If I can
Which assessment data would the patient report? just live long enough to attend my daughter's wedding,
I'll be ready to die." Which phrase of coping is this client
a. Urinary urgency and frequency. experiencing?
b. Retrograde ejaculation.
c. Low back and hip pain.
d. States that he has not had any problems. A. Anger
46. The patient has undergone a bilateral orchiectomy B. Denial
for prostate cancer. Which intervention should nurse C. Bargaining
implement? D. Depression

a. Support the scrotal sac with a towel and apply ice.

b. Administer testosterone replacement hormone orally.
c. Encourage the patient to place sperm in a sperm bank.
d. Have the patient talk to another man with ejaculation
dysfunction.

47. The patient is 8 hours post-transurethral

prostatectomy for cancer of the prostate. Which nursing
intervention is the priority?

a. Control post op pain.

b. Assess abdominal dressing.
c. Encourage early ambulation to prevent DVT.
d. Monitor F/E balance.

48. A chemotherapeutic agent known to cause alopecia

is prescribed for a patient. To maintain the patient's self-
esteem, the nurse plans to

a. Suggest that the patient limit social contacts until

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