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M004

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ev
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Senior High School EARTH SCIENCE Quarter 2 - Week 4 MELC 7 Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basins DepED &) What I Need to Know ‘This module is focuses on the evolution and structure of ocean basins. This aims to provide an overview of how ocean basins are formed over a millions of years ago and what is their unique structure that geologists find most interesting. This includes pre-test, procedure/learning experience/learning activities, reflection and posttest, Read the directions carefully before doing all the exercises and activities. At the end of this module, the successful learner will be able to: 1, Identify the structure of the ocean basin; 2. Describe the structure of the ocean basin; and 3. Explain the stages of the evolution of the ocean basin. (4) What I Know Directions: Read and analyze the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1, Which of the following structure of the ocean basin is partly shallow extension of the continent underwater? a) Continental rise b) Continental Shelf c) Continental slope d) Island 2. Which of the following best describes continental slope? a) It is the flattest part of the ocean b) It where the ocean actually begins. ¢) It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. d) Itis part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 3. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Seamount D. Trench 4. Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system? Abyssal plain Continental slope Mid-oceanic ridge Trench some 5, Why are undersea mountains flat? A. because of earthquake B. because of large marine animals C. because of erosion caused by waves D. because of large ships that pass through it 6. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? A. Abyssal plane B. Mid-oceanic ridge C. Seamount D. Trench, 7. What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 8. What will most likely to occur during juvenile stage of the ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents 9. Which of the following is the ocean basin in mature stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. East African Rift Valley C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 10.An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was exhibited? A. Juvenile B. Mature C. Suturing D. Terminal 11 How will you categorize the stages of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Juvenile D. Mature 12.Which stage of ocean basin form a rift valley? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Suturing D. Terminal 13.Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? L. IL ML. IV. V. VI. com> Young to mature mountain belts 6 Narrow seas with matching coasts 2 Ocean basin with continental margins 3 Narrow irregular seas with young mountains 5 Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 4 Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent 1 1, Il, 11, IV, V, VI VILV, IV, IU, 1,1 V1, II, UL, V, IV, T 1, V, VI IV, HL, I 14.Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. Himalayas Mountains C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 15.In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? A. Juvenile and Mature B. Embryonic and Juvenile C. Mature and Declining D. Terminal and Suturing Structure and Evolution of Ocean Basin Direction: Observe and analyze the given Illustration. Answer the questions that follow. Mid Ocean Ridge 1, Based from the illustration, what do you think causes the sea floor to spread? 2, What does the picture tell us about our ocean and continents? 3, What other things have you learned about sea floor spreading? Direction: Read the statement and answer the following question. Philippine Trench, also called Philippine Deep, Mindanao Trench, or Mindanao Deep, is a submarine trench in the floor of the Philippine Sea of the western North Pacific Ocean bordering the east coast of the island of Mindanao. The abyss, which reaches the sccond greatest depth known in any occan, was first plumbed in 1927 by the German ship Emden and found to have a depth of 34,440 feet (10,497 meters). How was this trench is formed? Q)) What is It Less than 100 million of years ago the supercontinent Pangea had existed Because of tectonic forces and processes, the supercontinent breaks apart and ocean basins are formed. The ocean basins cover the largest area of the earth's surface. All of the ocean basins were formed from volcanic rock that was released from the fissures that is located at the mid-ocean ridges, which is an underwater mountain range formed by plate tectonics. Through subduction process and high gravitational energy, oceanic lithosphere is force to move under the mantle. Over years, ocean basins are continuously evolving as four major ocean subdivision is formed. The world ocean is divided into the North and South Pacific, North and South Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. They are all distinct based on their stage of geological evolution. Pacific Ocean basin is the largest, deepest, and oldest existing ocean basin. More trenches, and more frequent tsunamis happens here. It has been shaped by plate tectonics. ‘The second largest ocean basin is the Atlantic followed by the Indian ocean basin. The smallest of the earth’s ocean basins is Arctic, and is covered by ice. ‘Through the formation of ocean basins, different features and structures are formed. See figure 2 below. Continental shelf- Partly shallow extension of the continent underwater. 2. Continental slope- Transition zone of continental shelf and deep ocean floor. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. 3. Continental rise- It where the ocean actually begins. All basaltic and oceanic rocks are found here. It is the place where the sediments from land are washed ‘The continental margin starts from continental shelf up to continental rise. 4. Abyssal plain- The flattest part of the ocean. 50% of the earth’s surface is being covered by this plain. 5. Island- It’s not just a piece of land floating up in the middle of the sea, it is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 6. Seamount: It is an undersea mountain. The erosion caused by waves destroyed the top of a seamount which caused it to be flattened. 7. Trench- It is the deepest part of the ocean. Mid-oceanic ridge- The seafloor mountain system which is situated in the middle of the ocean basin. It is where upwelling of magma happens which causes the sea floor to spread. song’ S continental dbyssal plain Figure 1. The ocean basin Figure 2. Cross section of ocean basin Evolution of the Ocean Basin The Wilson Cycle explains the process of the opening (beginning) and the closing (end) of an ocean which is driven by Plate Tectonies. This process is named after the Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908-1993). It is divided into 6 stages namely: 1, Embryonic Ocean Basin, 2. Juvenile Ocean Basin, 3. Mature Ocean Basin, 4. Declining Ocean Basin, 5. Terminal Ocean Basin and 6. Suturing (Continental collision). The table below give details on each stages of Wilson Cycle. Stage Description | Example Embryonic Motion: Uplift Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent East African Rift Valleys Motion: Divergence (Spreading) Narrow seas with matching coasts Red Sea Mature Motion: Divergence (Spreading) Ocean basin with continental margins. Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Declining Motion: Convergent (Subduction) Islands ares and trenches around basin edge Pacific Ocean Terminal . Motion: Mediterranean Convergent | Seas (Collision and Uplift) Narrow, irregular seas with young mountains Motion: Himalayas Convergence | Mountains and Uplift Young to mature mountain belts A. Direction: Loop the word or phrase that pertains to the structure of the ocean basin. List down and describe each on the table provided. Hills Volcano Seamount asu jequaUAUOD ead [eWUaUNUOD, Abysal plain Continental shelf Continental slope Coral Reefs Mountain Range 2 a =z . 2 = S o g 9 z = ‘Structure of the Ocean i Basin Description B. Direction: Complete the table below. Use the details inside the box. Uplift Terminal Pacific Occan Narrow seas Himalayas Mountains Spreading Mature Island Arcs and trenches Young to mature mountains Mediterranean Seas Convergence and Uplift__Red Sea Stages Motion Description | Example Complex system . PH East African 1, Embryonic of linear rift : valleys Rift Valleys 2. Juvenile Divergence Ocean basin 3. with Adlantic and * Continental Arctic Oceans Margins 4. Declining | Subduction Collision and | Narrow irregular 5. : seas with young Uplift . mountains 6. Suturing @) What I Have Learned Direction: Using the concepts learned in this module, make a concept map. 62 @ h What I Can Do In your own words, briefly explain the formation of the following geologic structures: 1. Voleano 2. Mountain ranges 3. Ocean basin Assessment Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. Where does upwelling process most likely occur? A. Abyssal plane B. Mid-oceanic ridge C. Seamount D. Trench What happens during embryonic stage of ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents Which of the following is most likely to occur during juvenile stage of the ocean basin? A. Formation of young to mature mountain belts B. Formation of narrow seas with matching coasts C. Formation of ocean basin with continental margins D. Formation of complex system of linear rift valleys on continents Which is an example of the ocean basin in mature stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. East African Rift Valley C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea An ocean basin formed a narrow, irregular seas with young mountains. What stage of the Wilson cycle was exhibited? A. Juvenile B. Mature Cc. Suturing D. Terminal Which of the following is the correct sequence of the Wilson Cycle? I. Young to mature mountain belts 6 Il. Narrow seas with matching coasts 2 Ul. Ocean basin with continental margins 3 IV. Narrow irregular seas with young mountains 5 V. Islands arcs and trenches around basin edge 4 VI. Complex system of linear rift valleys on continent 1 A. 1,1, IIL, IV, V, VI B. VI, V, IV, Ul, Il, I C. VI, 11, HL, V, IV, 1 D.1, V, VI, IV, UL, IL 7. Which of the following is the best example of ocean basin in Suturing stage? A. Atlantic Ocean B. Himalayas Mountains C. Pacific Ocean D. Red Sea 8. In which stage of ocean basin formation does divergence occur? A. Juvenile and Mature B. Embryonic and Juvenile C. Mature and Declining D. Terminal and Suturing 9. Which of the following structure of the ocean basin is a partly shallow extension of the continent underwater? A. Continental rise B. Continental Shelf C. Continental slope D. Island 10.Which of the following best describes continental slope? A. It is the flattest part of the ocean. B. It where the ocean actually begins. C. It starts from oceanic crust to continental crust. D. It is part of the ocean basin that extends up from the ocean floor. 11. Which of the following is the deepest part of the ocean? ‘A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Seamount D. Trench 12.Which of the following refers to the seafloor mountain system? A. Abyssal plain B. Continental slope C. Mid-oceanic ridge D. Trench 13.Why are undersea mountains flat? A. because of earthquake B. because of large marine animals C. because of erosion caused by waves D. because of large ships that pass through it 14.How will you categorize the stage of the ocean basin that formed island arcs and trenches around basin edge? A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Juvenile D. Mature 15.Which stage of ocean basin form a rift valley? ‘A. Declining B. Embryonic C. Suturing D. Terminal Additional Activities Direction: Using a World Map, identify and locate at least 5 places where the six stages of the Wilson Cycle occur. Answer Key Sodas dodge sn so loll s ror moAvomaAmecamume man<

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