Bikram

MICROSOFT EXCEL
Microsoft Excel is one of the top powerful spreadsheets package. It is also called electronic sheet. It is similar to
account sheet. It was developed by Microsoft Corporation in America. It contained rows, columns, cells and
worksheets. This software is very important because in this program we can create bill sheet, Mark sheet, Border,
chart, schedule, etc and we can solve our mathematical problems. The extension name of this program is "XLS".

How to open Microsoft Excel?

Steps:
1. Click on start button.
2. Click on run command.
3. Then run dialog box will appear.
4. In this dialog box, type "Excel".
5. Finally click on ok button.
Or,
1. Click on start button.
2. Choose program.
3. Choose Microsoft Office.
4. Then click on Microsoft Office Excel 2003.

There are some important words in Ms-Excel. They are as following:

1. Columns:
Columns are labeled with alphabetical character from left to right. The first column of active sheets is "A"
second is "B" and so on. For example: A …… Z, AA ……… AZ, BA ………… BZ, CA ……… CZ……. The last
column of active sheet is IV. There are 256 columns in an active sheet.

2. Rows:
Rows are labeled with number from top to bottom at the left corner of our active sheet. The first row of our
active sheets is "1" second is "2" and so on. The last row of active sheet is 65,536.

3. Cell:
The intersection point of row and column is called cell. There are 25665536 =1, 67, 77,216 cells in an active
sheet.

4. Workbook
Each excel file is a workbook that initially consists of their worksheet. You can open several workbooks at a
time. Workbook contained three worksheet tabs as default.

5. Worksheet tab (sheet tab):

Worksheet tabs help us to move from worksheet to worksheet within a workbook where the user can perform
more tasks. You can add, remove, rename, move and copy as your wish. Such as Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 etc.

6. Selector.
The dark outline that indicates active cell is called selector, in which cell you are working you can see dark
outline that is selector.

7. Cell address:
Cell address is that indicates location of the cell within the worksheet. A cell address is made of column's letters
and row's numbers. In which cell you are working or when we click different place its name we can see in the name
box that is called cell address such as A1, A2 … B10………… etc.
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8. Formula bar:
When you enter any information in any cell it appears at the top of page in a box that is called formula bar. You
can use the formula bar to edit the data letters.

Function:
This option display a list of function that allows you to calculate the numbers in the sheet with the help of this
command we can easily calculate the numbers and solve the mathematical problems as multiple, subtraction,
addition etc.

Mathematical Operations
- To Subtract
+ To Add
* To Multiply
/ To Divide
> Greater than
>= Greater than & equal to
< Less than
<= Less than & equal to
IF, AND, OR logical function
<> Not equal to
^ Exponential

Note: Every function must be start with “=” sign and space should not be done after “=” sign.

1. To calculate subtraction:
To subtract the value in the cell A1 from the value in cell B1
=A1-B1

2. To calculate addition:
To add the value of cell A1 and B1
=A1+B1

3. To calculate division
Divides the value in cell A1 by B1
=A1/B1

4. To calculate multiplication
To multiple the value in cell A1 by B1
=A1*B1

5. To calculate multiplication in a range of cells:

=PRODUCT (b1:b9)

6. To calculate addition
Calculates the total in a range of cells
=SUM (A1:A10)

7. To calculate average
Calculate the mean or average of a group of number.
=AVERAGE (A1:A10)

8. To calculate maximum
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Returns the largest value in a set of values

=MAX (A1:A15)
=MAX(9,5)
=9

9. To calculate minimum:
Returns the smallest number in a set of value
=MIN (B1:B10)
=MIN(4,9)
=4

10. To calculate count:

=COUNT (A1:A10)

11. To calculate count blank:

=COUNTBLANK (A1:G1)

12. To calculate square root:

=SQRT (A1)

13. To display current date and time

=NOW ( )

14. To calculate additional less than anyone number in a range of cells:

=SUMIF (E1:E9,"<20")

15. To calculate additional greater than anyone number in a range of cells:

=SUMIF(E1:E9,">20")

16. To change upper case:

=UPPER ("himgiri")

17. To change lower case:

=Lower ("HIMGIRI")

18. To display current date

=TODAY ( )

19. To calculate roman number:

=ROMAN (10)

20. To calculate exponent:

=(2^3)
=8

21. Day
Returns the day of the month corresponding to serial number

22. NOT
Reverses the value of its argument
=NOT(False)
=True
=NOT(True)
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=False

23. OR
Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE.
=OR(True)
=True
=OR(1+1=1,2+2=5)
=False

26. CONCATENATE:
Joins several text items into one text item
= CONCATENATE(“Soft”, “ware”)
=Software
=CONCATENATE(“Soft”&“ware”)
=Software

27. EXACT:
Compares two text strings and returns TRUE if they are exactly the same, otherwise FALSE.
=Exact(“Word”, “word”)
=False
=Exact(“Word”, “Word”)
=True

28. LEFT
Returns the first or leftmost character or characters in a text string
=Left(“Salseman”,5)
=Salse

29. RIGHT
Returns the last or rightmost character or characters in a text string
=Right(“Salseman”,3)
=Man

30. LEN
Returns the number of characters in a text string
=Len(Computer)
=8

31. FIND
Finds one string of text within another string of text
=Find(“&”, “Jack & Jill”)
=1

32. PROPER
Capitalizes the first letter of word in a text string or sentence & converts all other capital letters to lowercase letters.
=Proper(“this is a TITLE”)
=This Is A Title

33. MID
Returns a specific number of character from a text string
=Mid(“Kathmandu”,5,3)
=Man
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21. ABS
Returns the absolute value of a number
=ABS(Number)
=ABS(2)
=2
ABS(-2)
=2

22. INT
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
=INT(8.9)
=8
=INT(-8.9)
=9

23. AND
Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more arguments is FALSE.
=AND (True, True)
=True
=AND (True, False)
=False

File menu.

Print area
1. Set print area:
This command allows us to set print area in our data so that we can print our data as our wish.
Steps:
1. Type your data.
2. Select the data how much you want to print.
3. Click on file menu.
4. Choose print area then click on set print area option.

2. Clear print area:

This option is use to remove the print area in our data.
Steps:
1. Click on file menu.
2. Choose print area then click on clear print area command.

Save workspace:
This command helps us to save our lists of open files in a single workbook and file name so that next time we
can open our more files at once.
Steps:
1. First of all save more than two files.
2. Open all saved files.
3. Click on file menu.
4. Click on save workspace command.
5. Then its dialog box will appear.
6. In this dialog box, type your file name.
7. Finally click on save button.
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Bill Sheet

A B C D E
1 S.N. Particular Qty Rate Amount
2 1 Apple 3 70
3 2 Mango 2 60
4 3 Grape 4 50
5 4 Orange 3 30
Total amount

Formula
To calculate amount:
=(C2*D2)

To calculate total amount:

=SUM (E2:E5)

Edit menu

Delete:
This option allows us to delete the columns, rows, cells as our wish.
1. To delete columns:
Steps:
1. Select the columns how many columns you want to delete.
2. Click on edit menu.
3. Click on delete command.
4. The delete dialog box will appear.
5. In this dialog box, choose “entire column” option.
6. Finally click on ok button.
2. To delete rows:
Steps:
1. Select the rows how many rows you want to delete.
2. Click on edit menu.
3. Click on delete command.
4. The delete dialog box will appear.
5. In this dialog box, choose “entire rows” option.
6. Finally click on ok button.

3. To delete cell (ctrl + -):

Steps:
1. Select the cell which you want to delete.
2. Click on edit menu.
3. Click on delete command.
4. Then delete dialog box will appear.
5. In this dialog box, Choose anyone option such as “shift cell left” or “shift cell up” as you need.
6. Finally click on ok button.

Delete sheet:
This option allows us to delete an active sheet.
Steps:
1. Click on sheet tab which you want to delete.
2. Click on edit menu.
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3. Click on delete sheet command.

4. Click on delete button.

Fill:
1. Left
2. Right
3. Up
4. Down
These commands are used to fill the contents or data in the down, right, up, left cells, in the selected cell range
which we specify.
Steps:
1. Type your data.
2. Select the data cell range.
3. Click on edit menu.
4. Choose fill then click on anyone option as you need.

5. Series:
This command allows us to fill the selected range of cells with one or more series of numbers or dates. The
contents of the first cell or cells in each row or column of the selection are used as the starting values for the series.
Steps:
1. Type the starting number and select it.
2. From the edit menu choose fill and series.
3. Then series dialog box will appear.
4. In this dialog box type the step value and stop value then choose column or row.
5. Finally click over the ok button.

6. across worksheet:
This command helps us to fill our data across the worksheet.
Steps:
1. Type your data in the first worksheet.
2. Select the data.
3. Right click on the sheet tab.
4. Click on select all sheets command.
5. Click on edit menu.
6. Click on Choose fill then click on across worksheet option.
7. Then its dialog box will appear.
8. Choose anyone option.
9. Click on ok button.

Move or copy sheet:

This option is use to move or copy the selected sheet.

1. To move sheet:
Steps:
1. Select the sheet which you want to move.
2. Click on edit menu.
3. Click on move or copy sheet command.
4. Then its dialog box will appear.
5. In this dialog box, choose anyone position as you need.
6. Finally click on ok button.

2. To copy sheet:
Steps:
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1. Select the sheet which you want to copy.

2. Click on edit menu.
3. Click on move or copy command.
4. Then its dialog box will appear.
5. Click on “create copy” check box.
6. Click on ok button.

Clear:
1. All
2. Formats
3. Contents
4. Comments.
These commands help us to delete the all selected data, format, contents and comment etc.
Steps:
1. Select the data.
2. Click on edit menu.
3. Choose clear then click on anyone option as you need.

Bill sheet:
A B C D E F G H Formula:
1 sn Particular Qty Rate Amount Discount% Dis. Amount Net amount 1. To calculate amount:
2 1 Monitor 5 7500 37500 3% =C2*D2
3 2 CPU 3 10000 4%
4 3 Mouse 24 250 1% 2. To calculate Discount
5 4 Keyboard 20 500 2% amount:
6 5 Hard Disk 10 5000 2% =E2*F2 (E2*3%)
Total amount
3. To calculate Net amount:
=E2-G2

4. To calculate Total amount:

=SUM(H2:H6)

Insert menu

Cells (ctrl + Shift + +):

This command helps us to insert a new blank cell at the insertion point.
Steps:
1. Position your cursor where you want to insert cell.
2. Click on insert menu.
3. Click on cells commands.
4. Then insert cells dialog box will appear.
5. Choose anyone option such as “shift cell down” or “shift cell right” as you need.
6. Finally click on ok button.

Rows:
This option helps us to insert a new blank row above the insertion point.
Steps:
1. Position your cursor where you want to insert row.
2. Click on insert menu.
3. Click on row command.
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Columns:
This option is use to insert a new blank column left side, from the insertion point.
Steps:
1. Position your cursor where you want to insert column.
2. Click on insert menu.
3. Click on columns option.

Worksheet:
This command helps us to insert a new worksheet.
Steps:
1. Click on insert menu.
2. Click on worksheet option.

Page break:
This command allows us to create page break from the insertion point.
Steps:
1. Position your cursor where from you want to create page break.
2. Click on insert menu.
3. Click on page break command.

Note: If you want to see page break preview then click on view menu. Click on page break preview option. With
the help of this option you can also increase and decrease the page break area.
To remove page break
Steps:
1. Position your cursor in the page break cell.
2. Click on insert menu.
3. Click on remove page break option.

Name
1. Define:
This option helps us to create a name for the selected cell.
Steps:
1. Select the cell which you want to define name.
2. Click on insert menu.
3. Choose name then click on define command.
4. Then its dialog box will appear.
5. Type your cell name.
6. Click on add button.
7. Finally click on ok button.

Bill Sheet:

A B C D E F G
Formula: 1 sn Particular Qty Rate Amount Dis. Amount Net amount
1. To calculate amount:
2 1 Monitor 5 7500
=C2*D2
3 2 CPU 3 10000
4 3 Mouse 24 250
2. To calculate Discount
5 4 Keyboard 20 500
amount:
6 5 Hard Disk 10 5000
Total amount
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=IF(AND(E2>6000,E2<=10000),E2*3%,IF(AND(E2>10000,E2<=15000),E2*5%,IF(AND(E2>15000,E2<=25000
),E2*10%,IF(E2>25000, E2*20%,0))))

3. To calculate net amount:

=F2-G2

4. To calculate total amount:

=SUM(G2:G6)

Chart:
This command allows us to create a column chart, pie chart, Bar chart, line chart etc.

To create column chart

Population of Lumbini zone 2038 to 2058 BS

Palpa Gulmi Arghakhanchi Rupandehi Kapilvastu Nawalparasi

PALPA
2038 20000 22000 GULMI
20500 21000 23000 22500
MALE
2048 FEMALE
20500 MALE 21000
22500 FEMALE 21500 23500 23000
2038 7500 10000
2058 21000 5000 12000
23000 21500 22000 24000 23500
2048 5000 9500 5500 12500
2058 6000 12000 7000 15000

Steps:
1. Create a data.
2. Select the data.
3. Click on insert menu.
4. Click on chart command.
5. Then chart wizard dialog box will appear.
6. Choose column from “chart type” box.
7. Choose anyone chart style from “chart sub type” box.
8. Click on next button.
9. Choose row or column option.
10. Click on next button.
11. Type your chart title in the “chart title” line box such as “Population of Lumbini zone in 2038 to 2058 B.S”
12. Type your x-axis value in the “category x-axis box” such as “Year”
13. Type your y-axis value in the “category y-axis box” such as “Number of Population”.
14. Click on next button.
15. Choose anyone option.
16. Finally click on finish button.

Pie Chart:
Population of Lumbini zone in 2038 B.S.
Palpa Gulmi Arghakhanchi Rupandehi Kapilvastu Nawalparasi Population of
2038 20000 22000 20500 21000 23000 22500 palpa district
in 2038 to 2058 BS

Palpa
2038 20000
2048 20500
2058 21000
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Steps:
1. Create a data.
2. Select the data.
3. Click on insert menu.
4. Click on chart command.
5. Then chart wizard dialog box will appear.
6. Choose pie from “Chart type” box.
7. Choose anyone chart style from “Chart sub type” box.
8. Click on next button.
9. Again click on next button.
10. Type your chart title in the “chart title” box.
11. If you want to show percentage then click on data labels tab button and Click on “Percentage” check box.
12. Click on next button.
13. Choose anyone option.
14. Finally click on finish button.

Format menu
Cells:
Opens format cells dialog box from this option we can set selected cells range in required format tabs like font,
border, alignment, pattern, number etc. in the selected cells.

Merge cells:
This option helps us to convert the selected cells into one cell.
Steps:
1. Select the cells how many cells you want to merge.
2. Click on merge icon.

To remove merge cells:

Steps:
1. Position your cursor in the merge cell.
2. Click on format menu.
3. Click on cells command or press “ctrl + 1” from keyboard.
4. Then format cells dialog box will appear.
5. Click on alignment tab button.
6. Remove the tick mark from "merge cells" check box.
7. Finally click on ok button.

To align the text (wrap text):

Steps:
1. Position your cursor in cell where you want to align text.
2. Click on format menu.
3. Click on cells command.
4. Then format cells dialog box will appear.
5. Click on alignment tab button
6. Click on "wrap text" check box.
7. Click on ok button.

To apply border:
Steps:
1. Make a bill sheet.
2. Select the bill data.
3. Press ctrl + 1.
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4. Click on border tab button.

5. Choose anyone border style, color etc.
6. Click on "inside" and "outline" button.
7. Click on ok button.

Row
1. Height:
This command changes the height of the selected row in ms excel. This command is not available if the work
sheet is protected.
Steps:
1. Select the rows how many rows you want to increase height.
2. Click on format menu.
3. Choose rows then click on height command.
4. Then type your rows height as you need.
5. Finally click on ok button.

2. Auto fit
Adjust the row height to the minimum necessary to display the height of the tallest cell or row in the selection.
This command is not available if the sheet is protected.
Steps:
1. Click on format menu.
2. Choose row then click on auto fit command

3. Hide:
This option allows us to hide the selected rows. Hiding rows does not delete them from the work sheet.
Steps:
1. Select the rows how many rows you want to hide.
2. Click on format menu.
3. Choose row then click on hide command.

4. Unhide:
This option is use to display rows in the current selection that were previously hidden.
Steps:
1. Select the rows.
2. Click on format menu.
3. Choose row then click on unhide command.

Column
1. Auto fit selection:
Adjust the column width to the minimum necessary to display the contents of the selected cells, if you change
the cell contents later, you must fit the selection again. This command might not be available if the sheet is
protected.

2. Width:
This option is use to change the column width of the selected columns. You need to select only one cell in a
column to change the width for the entire column.
3. Hide:
This option is use to hide the selected Column. Hiding rows does not delete them from worksheet.

4. Unhide:
This command allows us to display rows in the current selection that were previously hidden.
Or
These commands help us to adjust the column width, hide, unhide, auto fit selection etc.
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Steps:
1. Click on format menu.
2. Choose column then click on anyone option as you need.

5. Standard width:
This option is use to change the standard width of the columns in a worksheet. This command is not available if
the sheet is protected.
Steps:
1. Click on format menu.
2. Choose column then click on standard width command.
3. Type your column width.
4. Click on ok button.

Sheet:
This command is use to adjust the sheet in new name, hide, unhide, tab color and we can set only picture on
background in the selected sheet.
Steps:
1. Click on format menu.
2. Choose sheet then click on anyone option as you need.

Mark Sheet:

A B C D E F G H I J K L Formula:
1 Sn Name Eng Nep Math Sci Social Total Result Percent Division Remark
2 1 Ram 85 86 95 92 93
3 2 Hari 66 60 70 75 75 To calculate Total:
4 3 Gopal 48 55 50 57 52 =sum(C2:G2)
5 4 Shyam 32 40 44 39 32
6 5 Binod 75 45 20 86 63 To calculate Result:
=IF (AND (C2>=32,D2>=32,E2>=32,F2>=32,G2>=32),"Pass","Fail")

Next method to calculate Result: =IF(or(C2<32,D2<32,E2<32,F2<32,G2<32),"Fail","pass")

To calculate percent:
=IF(I2="pass",H2/500*100,0)

Next method to calculate percent:

=h2/5(Total / Number of subject)

To Calculate Division:
=IF(AND(I2="pass",J2>=80),"Dist",IF(AND(I2="pass",J2>=60),"First",IF(AND(I2="pass",J2>=45),"Second",IF(
AND(I2="pass",J2>=32),"Third","No Division"))))

Next method to calculate Division:

=IF(AND(J2>=80),"Dist",IF(AND(J2>=60),"First",IF(AND(J2>=45),"Second",IF(AND(J2>=32),"Third","No
Division"))))

To calculate Remark:
=IF(AND(J2>=80,K2="dist"),"Excellent",IF(AND(J2>=60,K2="first"),"Well
done",IF(AND(J2>=45,K2="Second"),"Very Good",IF(AND(J2>=32,K2="Third"),"Good","Try Again"))))

Conditional formatting:
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Applies formats to selected cells that meet specific criteria based on values or formulas you specify.
Steps:
1. Make a mark sheet.
2. Select the “pass and fail” data or result data.
3. Click on format menu.
4. Click on conditional formatting command.
5. Then its dialog box will appear.
6. Select “cell value is” in the first box.
7. Select “between” in the second box.
8. Type “pass” and “pass” in the third and fourth box.
9. Click on format button.
10. Select anyone color as you need.
11. Click on add button.
12. Select “cell value is”, “between” in the first box and second box.
13. Click on format button.
14. Select any one color as you need.
15. Click on ok button.
16. Again click on ok button.

Auto format:
This option is use to apply the predefined sample on the selected cell range.
Steps:
1. Select the cell range.
2. Click on format menu.
3. Click on auto format command.
4. Then its dialog box will appear.
5. Choose anyone sample as your wish.
6. Finally click on ok button.

Tools menu

Protection
Protect sheet:
Prevents the change to worksheet so that you can not able to add text, delete columns and rows etc without using
password
Steps:
1. Select the sheet which you want to protect.
2. Click on tools menu.
3. Choose protection then click on protect sheet command.
4. Type your password.
5. Again type your same password.
6. Finally click on ok button.

Protect workbook:
Prevents the change to workbook so that you can not able to rename, delete, hide, unhide, and add etc the
worksheets.
Steps:
1. Click on tools menu.
2. Choose protection then click on protect workbook command.
3. Type your password.
4. Again type your same password.
5. Finally click on ok button.
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Nepal Electricity Bill Sheet:

A B C D E F G H I J K
1 Sn Name Date Previous Unit Current Unit Excess Unit Excess Charge Days Discount Fine Total Charge

2 1
3 2
4 3
5 4
6 5

Condition:
Per unit = Rs.8.00
Minimum Charge = Rs.80
Minimum Free unit = 20 unit
Discount 3% if day <=7
Fine 5% if day>22, <=30
Fine 7% if day>30, <=40
Fine 10% if day>40, <=60
Fine 20% if day>60

Formula:
To calculate Excess unit:
=E2-D2

To calculate excess charge:

=If(F2>20,(F2-20)*8+80,80)

To calculate discount:
=IF(H2<=7,G2*3%,0)

To calculate fine:
=IF(AND(H2>7,H2<=22),G2*0%,IF(AND(H2>22,H2<=30),G2*5%,IF(AND(H2>30,H2<=40),G2*7%,IF(AND(
H2>40,H2<=60),G2*10%,IF(H2>60,G2*20%,0)))))

To calculate total charge:

=G2-I2+J2

Goal seek
Adjust the goal value in a specified cell until a formula that is dependent on that cell reaches target value.
Steps:
1. Make a bill sheet.
2. Position your cursor in the total amount value.
3. Click on tools menu.
4. Click on "goal seek" command.
5. Then goal seek dialog box will appear.
6. Type your target value in the "to value" box.
7. Position your cursor in the “by changing cell” box.
8. Now click on anyone rate data.
9. Click on ok button.
10. Again click on ok button.

Scenarios:
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Create and saves scenarios which are sets of data you can use to view the result of what if analysis.
Steps:
1. Make a bill sheet.
2. Select the rate data.
3. Click on tools menu.
4. Click on scenarios command.
5. Then its dialog box will appear.
6. Click on add button.
7. Type your scenarios menu such as “Maximum”.
8. Click on ok button.
9. Type your rate value in each box.
10. Click on add button.
11. Type your scenario menu such as "average".
12. Click on ok button.
13. Type your rate value in each box.
14. Click on add button.
15. Type your scenarios menu such as “Minimum”.
16. Click on ok button.
17. Type your rate value in each box.
18. Click on ok button
19. Click on close button.

To insert scenarios menu on the menu bar:

Steps:
1. Click on tools menu.
2. Click on customize command.
3. Then its dialog box will appear.
4. Click on command tab button in this dialog box.
5. Select tools from categories box.
6. Click on scenario option in the command box and drag over it on the menu bar.
7. Finally click on close button.

Formula auditing:
1. Trace precedent
2. Trace dependent.
3. Remove all arrows.
4. Show auditing tools bar.
These commands allow us to show relationship between our data or draws a tracer arrow depend on the formula.
Steps:
1. Position your cursor which contained formula.
2. Click on tools menu.
3. Choose formula auditing and then click on show auditing tools bar command.
4. Then you will see auditing toolbar.
5. Now set the arrow.

Record new macro:

Record a series of actions as a macro that you can play back later.
Steps:
1. Click on tools menu.
2. Click on macro command.
3. Click on record new macro command.
4. Then record new macro dialog box will appear.
5. Type shortcut key such as (M).
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6. Click on ok button.
7. Now start to type your bill sheet.
8. After, completing click on stop button.

NEPAL TELECOMMUNICATION BILL SHEET:

A B C D E F G H I J
1 sn name Previous call Current call Excess Excess TSC Total Vat Net
call charge Charge charge
2
3
4
5

Condition:
Minimum free call = 200
Minimum charge=200
Per call = Rs. 3
TSC(Telephone Service Charge) Tax =16%
VAT =13%

Formula:
To calculate excess call
=D2-C2

To calculate excess charge:

=IF(E2>200,(E2-200)*3+200,200)

To calculate TSC
=F2*16%

To calculate total charge:

=F2+G2

To calculate Vat:
=F2*13%

To calculate Net charge:

=H2+I2

Data menu

Sort:
Arranges the information in selected rows or lists alphabetically numerically or by date etc.
Steps:
1.
Name Address Gender
Ram Butwal Male
Sita Kathmandu Female
Om Pokhara Male
Hari India Male
2. Position your cursor on the name data.
3. Click on data menu.
4. Click on sort command.
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5. Select header row.

6. Select name from first box.
7. Select ascending order.
8. From second box select address.
9. Select ascending order.
10. Select Gender from third box.
11. Select ascending order.
12. Click on ok button.

Form:
This Command is used to display the data form in a dialog box you can use the data form to view, see, change,
add, delete and find records in a list or database.
Steps:
1. Create a data

s.n Name Date of Birth Address Phone Gender

2. Select the data.
3. Click on data menu.
4. Click on form command.
5. Click on ok button.
6. Now fill your records.
7. Click on new button.
8. Again fill your next record.
9. In this way, go on filling other data as you need.
10. Finally click on close button.

Subtotal:
Calculates sub totals and grand total values for the labeled columns you select Ms-Excel automatically inserts a
labels the total rows and outlines the list.
Steps:
1.
Name Date Loan
HARI 01/02/2063 50000
GOPAL 01/05/2063 60000
RAM 05/08/2063 80000

2. Position your cursor on the data.

3. Click on data menu.
4. Click on subtotal command.
5. Then its dialog box will appear.
6. Select sum from second box.
7. Click loan in third box.
8. Click on ok button.

Validation:
This command allows us to restrict the data entry to a particular type such as whole numbers.
Steps:
1. Select area where you want to restrict the data.
2. Click on data menu.
3. Click on validation command.
4. Then data validation dialog box will appear.
5. Click on setting tab button.
6. Choose "whole number" from allow line box.
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7. Select between from data line box.

8. Type your minimum number such as 100 in the minimum line box.
9. Type your maximum number such as 500 in the maximum line box.
10. Click on error alert tab button.
11. Choose any one style.
12. Type your title such as "Sorry Please".
13. Type your error message such as "Plz enter the number from 100 to 500 only" in the error message line box.
14. Click on ok button.

Text to columns:
This command is used to convert the text into column format. If you type the long text in one column, to change
the text in different column then after you can apply text to column.
Steps:
1. Type your text with space key in a cell.
2. Position your cursor on that cell.
3. Click on data menu.
4. Click on text columns command.
5. Click on next button.
6. Again click on next button.
7. Finally click on finish button.

Group and out line

Group:
This option is use to group the selected columns or rows.
Steps:
1. Select the columns or rows how many rows or columns you want to group.
2. Click on data menu.
3. Choose group and outline.
4. Click on group option.
5. Choose row or column option.
6. Click on ok button.
Filter
Auto filter:
The quickest way to select only those items you want to display in a list.
Steps:
1. Make a mark sheet.
2. Select the top level data.
3. Click on data menu.
4. Choose filter then click on auto filter command.
Note: To remove auto filter again click on auto filter command.

Window menu:

Arrange:
Displays all open files in separate windows on the screen. The arrange command makes it easier to drag among
files.
Steps:
1. Open more than two files.
2. Click on window menu.
3. Click on arrange command.
4. Choose anyone option.
5. Click on ok button.
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Hide:
This command is used to hide an active workbook.
Steps:
1. Click on window menu and choose hide command.

Note: - If you want to unhide your workbook then click on window menu and choose unhide command.

Freeze panes:
Freezes the top panes, the left panes, or both on the active worksheet use the freeze panes button to keep
columns or row titles in view while you have scrolling through a work sheet
Steps:
1. Select the top most data.
2. Click on window menu.
3. Click on freeze panes command.

Advance filter:
The Advanced Filter command can filter a range in place like the AutoFilter command, but it does not display
drop-down lists for the columns. A criteria range allows for more complex criteria to be filtered.
Or
This command lets you to filter the data within the database which meet the given criteria by copying the other
records.
Steps:-
1. Copy the heading of data only to any blank row and given the condition below the heading in the criteria.
2. Select the whole database.
3. Click on data Menu choose Filter command and select Advanced Filter then display a dialog box.
Select the list ranges.
Give the criteria range.
Select the copy to another location to copy into another ranges.
Click on Ok button.

Some logical function:

IF FUNCTION:
This function is use to if only one condition is given. It may be either true or false.

A. Solve the following problems by using "IF Function" with the help of following condition.

SALARY SHEET:

A B C D E F G H
1 sn name address post Basic Bonus Income Total
salary Tax
2
3
4
5

CONDITION:
a) Bonus will give 18% of Basic salary if his Basic salary is less than and equal to 3500.
b) Tax will pay 13% of Basic salary and Bonus if he is from KTM.

Formula:
Bonus:
=IF(E2<=3500,E2*18%,0)
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Income TAX:
=IF(C2="KTM",(E2+F2)*13%,0)

Total:
=(E2+F2-G2)

OR FUNCTION:
This function is use to if more than one comparative condition is given; it will check the first condition at first. If
the first condition is wrong then it will check the second condition and gives the answer.
SALARY SHEET:

A B C D E F G H
1 sn name address post Basic Bonus Tax Total
salary
2
3
4
5

Condition:
a) Bonus will give 16% of Basic salary, either his post is manager or his Basic salary is less then and equal to 3500.
b) Tax will pay 7% of Basic salary and Bonus either he is from KTM or his post is engineer.

Formulas:
Bonus:
=If(OR(d2="Manager",e2<=3500),E2*16%,0)

Tax:
=if(or(c2="KTM", D2="Engineer"),(E2+f2)*7%,0)

Total:
=E2+F2-G2

AND FUNCTION:
This function is use to if more than one condition is given.

SALARY SHEET:
A B C D E F G H
1 sn name address post Basic Bonus Tax Total
salary
2
3
4
5

Condition:
1. Bonus will give 15% of Basic Salary, if his salary is less than equal to 3000.
2. Bonus will give 12% of Basic Salary, if his salary is less than equal to 6000.
3. Bonus will give 10% of Basic Salary, if his salary greater than 6000.
4. Tax will pay 13% of Basic Salary and Bonus, if he is not from KTM.

FORMULA:
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TO CALCULATE BONUS:
=IF(AND(E2<=3000),E2*15%,IF(AND(E2>3000,E2<=6000),E2*12%,E2*10%))

TO CALCULATE TAX:
=IF(C2< >"Kathmandu",(E2+F2)*13%,0)

TO CALCULATE TOTAL:
=E2+F2-G2

Presented by:
Himmat khadka
Butwal-15 Rupandehi Nepal
Phone no. 9847154317