NAME: DORIA, ABEGAIL B.
DATE: APRIL, 9,2023
SECTION: BSN 2C
30 EMERGENCY DRUGS
EMERGENCY DRUGS EFFECTS ADVERSE EFFECTS
1. Verapamil - Relaxes the blood vessels so -Dizziness
Hydrochloride that the heart will not pump so -Slow heart rate
hard -Constipation
-Treats high blood pressure -Nausea
-Lowering high blood pressure
-increases the supply of
oxygen to the heart and slows
electrical activity in the heart
to control the heart rate
2. Tranexamic Acid -Reduce or prevent and treat -Seizures
excessive bleeding or - Headache
hemorrhagic episodes -Backache
-Treat heavy bleeding during -Abdominal Pain
menstrual period -Nausea
-Reduce inflammation -Vomiting
-It slows the breakdown of -Diarrhea
blood clots which helps to -Fatigue
prevent prolonged bleeding -Pulmonary embolism
-Deep vein thrombosis
-Anaphylaxis
-Impaired color vision
-Other visual disturbances
3. Potassium Chloride -Treat or prevent low blood -Stomach upset
levels of potassium or also -Nausea
known as hypokalemia -Diarrhea
-Vomiting
-Intestinal Gas
4. Nitroglycerine Patch -It is a skin patch used to -Arm, back, or jaw pain
prevent angina or chest pain -Chest pain or discomfort
which is commonly caused by -Chest tightness or
coronary heart disease heaviness
-Relaxes vascular smooth -Dizziness, faintness, or
muscle lightheadedness when
getting up suddenly from a
lying or sitting position
- fast or irregular heartbeat
5. Norepinephrine -For blood pressure control in -high blood pressure
acute hypotensive states such -arrythmias
as syampathectomy, -confusion
Poliomyelitis, spinal -nausea and vomiting
anesthesia, myocardial - slow heart rate
infarction, septicemia, blood - shortness of breath
transfusion, and drug reaction - weakness
- Raise blood pressure in - dizziness
patients with severe, acute, - restlessness
hypotension - blue lips or fingernails
-Constricts blood vessel -little or no urination
- problems with vision
- cold feeling
6. Phenytoin -Control certain types of - may increase blood sugar
seizures level
-Decrease abnormal electrical - difficulty falling asleep
activity in the brain - slurred speech
-Treat gland mal seizures, - unwanted hair growth
complex partial seizures, and - enlargement of lips
to prevent and treat seizures - overgrowth of gums
during or following - pain or curving of penis
neurosurgery. - constipation
- headache
- confusion
- abnormal body movements
- uncontrollable eye
movement
7. Nifedipine -Treat high blood pressure and - headache
angina - nausea
- Its action is just like the - dizziness or
verapamil hydrochloride lightheadedness
where it lowers the blood - flushing
pressure by means of relaxing - heartburn
the blood vessels - fast heartbeat
-It increases the blood supply - muscle cramps
and oxygen to the heart to - constipation
control angina - cough
- decreased sexual ability
8. Nicardipine -Treat high blood pressure and - headache
angina also - upset stomach
-Controls chest pain by - dizziness or
increasing the supply of blood lightheadedness
and oxygen to the heart - excessive tiredness
- flushing
- numbness
-fast heartbeat
- muscle cramps
- constipation
- heartburn
- increased sweating
- dry mouth
9. Sodium Bicarbonate -Reduce stomach acid - increased thirst
- Relieve heartburn - stomach cramps
-Treat indigestion - gas
- Make blood and urine less
acidic
10. Mannitol -Elevates blood plasma
osmolality which results in the -angina
reduction of intracranial - chills
pressure, cerebral edema, - dizziness
cerebrospinal fluid volume and - vomiting
pressure - blurry vision
- Used for promotion of - thirst
diuresis before irreversible
renal failure
-promotes urinary excretion of
toxic substances
11. Metoclopramide -Relieve heart burn
-Speed the healing of ulcers - drowsiness
and sores in the esophagus - excessive tiredness
-Speeds up the movement of - weakness
foods through the stomach and - headache
intestines - dizziness
- diarrhea
- nausea
- vomiting
- breast enlargement or
discharge
- missed menstrual period
- decreased sexual ability
- frequent urination
- inability to control
urination
- Taking metoclopramide
may result in the
development of a muscle
problem called tardive
dyskinesia
12. Magnesium Sulfate - Smooth muscle relaxant -cold feeling, extreme
- Used for short term relief to drowsiness, muscle
constipation tightness or contraction, or
- In pregnant, women it is to headache
prevent seizures in - flushing, increased warmth
preeclampsia a condition in and sweating due to peripheral
which the pregnant woman vasodilatory
develops high blood pressure effects of magnesium
and protein in the urine - nausea
- vomiting
- headaches
- muscle weakness, blurred
vision, and intravenous (IV)
or intramuscular (IM)
13. Lidocaine -Blockade of voltage-gated - Pale, gray, or blue-colored
sodium channels (VGSC) skin, lips, or nails
leading to a reversible block of - confusion
action potential propagation -headache
- lightheadedness
-Numbers the area where it is -fast heartbeat, or unusual
injected tiredness or weakness.
-It stops nerves from sending - Low blood pressure
pain signals to the brain -swelling(edema)
- Redness at the injection
site
14. Heparin -Decrease clotting ability of - bruising more easily
the blood and help prevent - bleeding that takes longer
harmful clots from forming in to stop
blood vessels - irritation, pain, redness
- sores at the injection site
- allergic reactions, such as
hives, chills, and fever
- increased liver enzymes
on liver function test results
15. Hydralazine -Relax the blood vessel so that
blood can flow more easily - flushing
through the body - headache
- upset stomach
- vomiting
- loss of appetite
- diarrhea
- constipation
- eye tearing
- stuffy nose
16. Hydrocortisone -Used to treat redness, - blurred vision
swelling, itching and - dizziness or fainting
discomfort of various skin - fast irregular or pounding
conditions heartbeat
- It works by activating natural - increased thirst or
substances in the skin to urination irritability
reduce swelling, redness and - unusual tiredness or
itching weakness
17. Isosorbide Dinitrate -Relax vascular smooth muscle - headaches
and consequent dilation of - flushing
peripheral arteries and vein - dizziness
especially the latter - fainting
- low blood pressure
- irregular heart rhythms
- weakness
18. Furosemide - Treat edema or fluid - nausea or vomiting
retention - diarrhea
- Treat swelling caused by - constipation
congestive heart failure liver - stomach cramping
disease, kidney disease or - feeling like you or the
other medical conditions. room is spinning (vertigo)
-Increase excretion of Na+ and - dizziness
water by the kidneys by -headache
inhibiting their reabsorption - blurred vision
from the proximal and distal
tubules, as well as the loop of
Henle
19. Epinephrine -Used in restoring cardiac
rhythm in cardiac arrest -tachycardia
-Increase vascular smooth - hypertension
muscle contraction - headache
- Septic Shock: Epinephrine - anxiety
increases blood pressure - apprehension
-Asthma: Epinephrine opens - palpitations
airway and decreases airway - diaphoresis
spasms - nausea
- Anaphylaxis: Epinephrine - vomiting
relaxes airway muscles. It’s
the first response treatment for
this severe, life -threatening
allergic reaction
20. Dopamine - A peripheral Vaso stimulant - irregular heartbeats
- Treat low blood pressure, - nausea
low heart rate and cardiac - vomiting
arrest - anxiety
-Improves the pumping - headache
strength of the heart and - chills
improves blood flow to the - goosebumps
kidney - shortness of breath
- The dopamine injection is
used to treat certain conditions
that occur when you are in
shock, which may be caused
by heart attack, trauma,
surgery, heart failure, kidney
failure, and other serious
medical conditions
-produce vasodilation
including the kidneys resulting
in increased urinary flow
21. Diphenhydramine -relieve symptoms of allergy, - dry mouth, nose, and
hay fever and common colds throat
-It works by blocking the - drowsiness
action of histamine, a - dizziness
substance in the body that - nausea
causes allergic symptoms - vomiting
- loss of appetite
- constipation
22. Dobutamine -Directly stimulates beta-1 - nausea
receptors of the heart to - headache
increase myocardial - anginal pain
contractility and stroke volume - nonspecific chest pain
, resulting in increase cardiac - palpitations
output - shortness of breath
- thrombocytopenia
- increased heart rate, blood
pressure and ventricular
ectopic activity
23. Diazepam -Used to treat anxiety, alcohol - drowsiness
withdrawal, and seizures - It is - dizziness
also used to relieve muscle - tiredness
spasms and to provide sedation - muscle weakness
before medical procedures - - headache
This medication works by - dry mouth
calming the nerves and brain - nausea
- constipation
24. Clonidine - It works in the brain to - dry mouth
change some of the nerve - drowsiness
impulses - Stimulates Alpha- - dizziness
adrenoreceptors in the brain - constipation
stem -It relaxes the blood - sedation
vessels which results in easy
movement of blood which
lowers the blood pressure
25. Captopril -Captopril is used to treat high - cough
blood pressure or hypertension - flushing (warmth, redness,
- Is an ACE inhibitor and or tingly feeling)
works by relaxing blood - numbness, tingling, or
vessels so that blood can flow burning pain in your hands
more easily or feet
- It is also used to treat heart - loss of taste sensation
failure, protect the kidneys - mild skin itching or rash
from harm due to diabetes, and
to improve survival after heart
attack
26. Calcium Gluconate - Used to manage - nausea
hypocalcemia or small amount - vomiting
calcium in the blood, cardiac - decreased appetite
arrest and cardiotoxicity due to - constipation
hyperkalemia or too much - dry mouth
potassium in the bloodstream - increased thirst
and hypermagnesemia or too - increased urination
much magnesium in the blood - tingling sensations
27. Atropine Sulfate -Competitively blocks the - dryness of the mouth
effect of acetylcholine, - blurred vision
including excess acetylcholine - dry eyes
due to organophosphorus - photophobia
poisoning because they come - confusion
in contact with insecticides - headache
- Stimulate or depress the - dizziness
nervous system activity - fatigue
depending upon the dose - tachycardia
- Treat certain types of nerve - palpitations
agent and pesticide poisonings - flushing
as well as some types of slow - urinary hesitance or
heart rate, and to decrease retention
saliva production during - constipation
surgery - abdominal pain
- abdominal distention
- nausea
- vomiting
- loss of libido
28. Amiodarone - Used to restore normal heart - cough
Hydrochloride rhythm and maintain a regular, - dizziness, lightheadedness,
steady heartbeat. or fainting
- It works by blocking certain -fever (slight)
electrical signals in the heart - numbness or tingling in
that can cause an irregular the finger or toes
heart beat - painful breathing
-It acts by blocking the - sensitivity of the skin to
potassium channel in the heart sunlight
but it can also block sodium - trembling or shaking of the
and calcium channels and the hands
beta- and alpha-adrenergic - trouble with walking
receptors - unusual and uncontrolled
movements of the body
- weakness of the arms or
legs
29. Aminophylline -Relaxes the muscles in the - nausea
bronchial tubes of the lungs. - vomiting
- Relieves cough, wheezing, - headache
shortness of breath, and - insomnia
troubled by increasing the flow - irritability
of air through the bronchial - restlessness
tubes. - increase in urine volume
- shakiness
- you may also experience
increased, or rapid heart
rate, vomiting, irregular
heartbeat, and seizure
30. Adenosine - Treat certain kinds of - flushing
irregular heartbeat - chest discomfort
- Helps to dilate blood vessels - dyspnea
all over the body and the blood - facial flushing
vessels in the heart which - headache
results in increase the blood - throat, neck, jaw
supply discomfort
- gastrointestinal discomfort
- lightheadedness or
dizziness
