SPECIFICATION FOR COLD INSULATION

Specification for Cold Insulation 1 of 21

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0. SCOPE .. ....................................................................................................................................... 3

2.0. REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................................ 3

3.0. GENERAL CONDITIONS ................................................................................................................. 3

4.0. MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................. 5

5.0. APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................................. 7

Specification for Cold Insulation 2 of 21

 C‐552 Specification for Cellular Glass Block and
1.0 SCOPE Pipe Thermal Insulation
C‐591 Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid
Cellular Polyurethane Thermal Insulation
1.1 This specification, with accompanying
C‐612 Specification for Mineral Fiber Block and
project specifications and Cold Insulation Material
Board Thermal Insulation
Specification packets, covers specific fabrication
D‐1668 Specification for Glass Fabrics (Woven and
and inspection requirements for insulation of
Treated) for Roofing and Waterproofing
piping, vessels, and equipment operating between
E‐84 Test Method for Surface Burning
the temperatures of ‐225°F (‐143°C) and +70°F
Characteristics of Building Materials
(+21°C) with intermittent operation up to 230°F
E‐96 Test Methods for Water Vapor
(110°C).
Transmission of Materials
C‐1126 Faced or Unfaced Rigid Cellular Phenolic
1.2 The insulation described herein is limited to
Thermal Insulation
that required for economical reduction of heatgain,
C‐534 Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cellular
prevention of surface condensation, and
Thermal Insulation in Sheet and Tubular
maintenance of operating temperature.
Form
1.3 Exceptions or variations shown in the
project specifications shall take precedence over
the requirements stated herein. 3.0 GENERAL CONDITIONS

1.4 Cold Insulation Material Specification Denotes items which require further
packets are available for use and recommended for specification by COMPANY.
specifying complete insulation, jacketing and
coating/sealant systems; and can be found in 3.1 Vessels, equipment, tanks, and piping shall
COMPANY Engineering Specification. be insulated in accordance with the project
specifications and this specification. The term
"vessel" includes towers, drums, reactors,
2.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS reboilers, exchangers, and similar items. The term
"equipment" includes expanders, turbines, and
pumps.
Applicable sections of the latest edition of the
following publications constitute part of this
3.2 This specification requires compliance with
specification:
all federal, state, and local laws and regulations
which may be applicable.
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
3.3 Where materials are referred to by trade
A‐463 Specification for Steel Sheet, Cold‐Rolled,
names within this specification, the use of such
Aluminum‐Coated Type I and Type II
names is intended to describe the kind or quality of
A‐525 Specification for General Requirements for
the material required, and any deviation must be
Steel Sheet, Zinc‐Coated (Galvanized) by
submitted in writing to COMPANY for approval
Hot‐Dip Process
prior to use.
B‐209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum‐
Alloy Sheet and Plate
C‐547 Specification for Mineral Fiber Preformed
Pipe Insulation

Specification for Cold Insulation 3 of 21

3.4 Insulation shall not be applied to any piping, 3.12 Outside sharp corners shall be beveled or
vessels, or other process equipment until such rounded to prevent cracking or breakage which
items have been inspected, tested, and approved might promote damage to the vapor barrier.
for the intended services unless prior COMPANY
approval is obtained. 3.13 All joints shall be carefully fitted. The edges
of blocks shall be rubbed or cut to a bevel so that
3.5 MANUFACTURER'S recommendation shall all joints are uniform.
be followed in handling, storage, and application of
insulation system components. Strict adherence to 3.14 Where single‐layer insulation is used, the
MANUFACTURER'S suggested operating limitations insulation shall be applied to piping and equipment
is required. with butt joints staggered and all joints tightly
butted and buttered with joint sealer.
3.6 All pipelines found on the piping drawings
are identified by a numbering system and are all 3.15 All systems operating below 0°F (‐18°C)
listed on the Line List sheets. Line operating shall be multiple layer insulation where
temperatures are shown on the Line List. polyisocyanurate and phenolic foams are installed.
Multiple layers are required for systems operating
3.7 General Arrangement Drawings, Piping below ‐50°F (‐46°C) where cellular glass is installed.
Plans, and Piping Isometrics show process and
utility piping. 3.16 On multiple‐layer insulation, the additional
layer or layers shall be applied with butt and
3.8 The vessel and equipment insulation list longitudinal joints staggered over joints of the
includes all vessels, reactors, exchangers, filters, preceding layer.
pumps, jets, and other items of equipment to be
insulated. The list shows insulation type and 3.17 An intermediate vapor barrier membrane is
thickness and gives overall equipment dimensions required between the inner and outer layer of
or cites either VENDOR drawing or insulation.
MANUFACTURER'S catalog identification.
3.18 Only the outer layer joints of multiple‐layer
3.9 All surfaces to be insulated shall be dry, free applications shall be buttered with specified joint
of dew and frost, and shall be cleaned to remove sealer before installation.
loose rust, loose paint, dirt, grease, or other foreign
matter prior to application of insulation materials. 3.19 All terminated insulation such as valves and
Stainless steel items shall be brushed with stainless flanges shall be sealed with a reinforced mastic
steel brushes only. vapor barrier system.

3.10 The insulation must be protected from 3.20 All openings in the jacket for nozzles,
moisture, sunlight, and weather before and during brackets, etc., shall be cut as close as possible to
application. All insulation shall be dry prior to achieve a tight fit.
application of insulation finish.
3.21 Openings through the insulation finish shall
3.11 Insulation shall be applied such that the have the vapor barrier applied so as to ensure a
blocks of insulation in any layer shall fit snugly over vaportight seal is made.
the surface beneath them and the surface of the
outer layer shall have a smooth contour. 3.22 Outside the insulation a vapor barrier
membrane shall be applied on regular shapes while
a reinforced barrier mastic system shall be applied
to the irregular shapes.

Specification for Cold Insulation 4 of 21

 c. Mineral or Glass fiber: Block, board, and
3.23 Removable insulation sections with easily preformed pipe covering.
repairable vapor barrier shall be installed on d. Flexible elastomeric foam: sheet and
insulated piping joints and other flanged preformed pipe and tube covering.
connections which are frequently serviced. e. Phenolic foam: Block, board and preformed
pipe covering.
3.24 No field welding of insulation clips or
supports, etc., is to be done except with specific 4.2.2 Cellular glass insulation shall conform to
written authorization of the COMPANY ASTM C‐552 for temperatures from ‐450 F (‐
representative. Welding materials and procedures 268 C) to +800 F (+427 C).
shall be reviewed and welders shall be tested and
approved prior to receiving written authorization. 4.2.3 Polyisocyanurate foam shall conform to
ASTM C‐591, Grade 2, for temperature from ‐100 F
3.25 Location and details of insulation supports, (‐73 C) to +250 F (+121 C). This specification is
if provided, will be shown on vessel and equipment limited to preformed, rigid insulation.
drawings or piping isometrics. Where insulation
supports have not been provided by the Fabricator, 4.2.4 Mineral or glass fiber materials:
the insulation shall be supported by the insulation
contractor in accordance with good practice and a. Preformed pipe insulation shall conform to
with the approval of the COMPANY representative. ASTM C‐547.
b. Board or block shall conform to ASTM C‐
612.
4.0 MATERIALS
4.2.5 Flexible elastomeric foam shall conform to
ASTM C 534 for temperature from ‐20 F (‐29 C) to
4.1 Insulation Requirements
+220 F (+104 C).
4.1.1 The piping insulation code is
4.2.6 Phenolic foam shall conform to ASTM C
included in the piping line designation. The type of
1126 for temperature from ‐290°F (‐179°C) to
insulation is indicated on the project specifications
+250°F (+121°C).
and drawings.
4.2.7 Weather Protective Jacketing
4.2.2 All insulation materials in this Specification
shall have a flame spread and smoke density of
All metal jacketing shall have a factory‐applied
25/50 or less per ASTM E84.
moisture barrier of a polyethylene or epoxy system
containing no paper or cellulose filler. Exterior
4.2 Insulation Materials
surface of jacketing shall be specified with a clear
or color acrylic or PVF finish with an emissivity of at
4.2.1 Insulation materials, which may be used,
least 0.70. Color will be specified by COMPANY.
shall be compatible with the surface on which they
a. For pipe, vertical vessels 3 feet 0 inch
are applied, subject to the limitations stated in this
(0.91m) diameter and smaller and all
specification and the project specifications, are:
horizontal vessels jacketing shall conform to
the following:
a. Cellular glass: Block and preformed pipe
covering.
b. Polyisocyanurate foam: Block, board and
preformed pipe covering.

Specification for Cold Insulation 5 of 21

 1. 0.010 inch (0.25mm) thick, 4.2.6 Joint Sealer
galvanized, copper‐bearing sheet
steel, meeting the requirements of Flashing compounds, joint sealers, and bedding
ASTM A‐525 with a minimum compounds shall be permanently flexible through a
coating class of 1.5 ounces per temperature range ‐225°F (‐143°C) up to +230°F
square foot (0.46 kg/m2). (+110°C). The ASTM E‐96, Procedure B, water
2. 0.010 inch (0.25mm) thick vapor permeability shall not exceed 0.02 per inch
aluminized, copper‐bearing sheet (0.03 ng/Pa/S/m). The ASTM E‐84 flame spread
steel, meeting the requirements of index and smoke density rating in a cured state
ASTM A‐463 with TI‐40 coating shall not exceed 25/50.
designation.
3. 0.016 inch (0.41mm) thick smooth 4.3 Accessories
aluminum roll form, with H14
through H19 temper in accordance 4.3.1 All stainless steel accessories shall be 18‐8
with ASTM B‐209. alloy, fully annealed.
4. 0.010 inch (0.25mm) thick stainless
steel, Type 304 or 316. 4.3.2 Wire to secure pipe insulation up to 12 inch
5. 0.030‐inch (0.76mm) thick PVC in (305mm) O.D. shall be 18 gauge (1.2mm) stainless
roll form. Order precurled. steel. Minimum 1/4 inch (6mm) diameter stainless
Available in a variety of colors. wire or cable may be used for floating ring
insulation on vessel heads. Do not use wire to
b. For tanks or vertical vessels larger than 3 secure foam type insulation.
feet 0 inch (0.91m) in diameter, jacketing
shall conform to the following: 4.3.3 Bands and seals for securing insulation and
jacketing shall be of the following sizes and
1. 0.020 inch (0.51mm) thick materials:
corrugated aluminum sheet, with
H14 through H19 temper in a. Piping and vertical or horizontal vessels
accordance with ASTM B‐209. with insulation 3 feet 0 inch (0.31m) OD and
2. 0.032‐inch (0.81mm) thick smooth under:
aluminum roll, with H14 through
H19 temper in accordance with 1. For insulation and jacketing ‐ use
ASTM B‐209. minimum 1/2 inch (13mm) by 0.015
3. 0.010 inch (0.25mm) thick inch (0.38mm) stainless steel bands.
aluminized, copper‐bearing sheet 2. 1 inch (25mm) fiberglass reinforced
steel, meeting the requirements of filament tape may be used to secure
ASTM A‐463 with TI‐40 coating pipe insulation up to 12 inch
designation. (305mm) O.D. or as a temporary
4. Corrugations for the above sheets banding material to hold insulation
shall be 1 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch in place for installation purposes.
(32mm by 6.4mm).
b. Tanks and vertical or horizontal vessels with
insulation indoors or 10 feet 0 inch (3m)
O.D. or less outdoors: minimum 3/4 inch
(19mm) by 0.015 inch (0.38mm) thick
stainless steel.

Specification for Cold Insulation 6 of 21

c. Breather springs for bands shall be by 4.3.12 Screw fasteners shall be stainless steel, self‐
Techalloy Company or COMPANY‐approved tapping type, with slotted pan head, Type A, No.8,
equivalent. Breather springs shall be K inch (9.5mm) long.
stainless steel, 4 inches (102mm) long and
designed for banding up to 3/4 inch (19mm)
wide. 5.0 APPLICATIONS
d. Tanks and vertical or horizontal vessels with
insulation outdoors over 10 feet 0 inch (3m)
5.1 Piping, Vessels, and Equipment
O.D.: minimum 1 1/4 inch (32mm) by 0.020
inch (.51mm) thick stainless steel.
5.1.1 Pipe diameter will be that of published
e. Breather springs for 1 1/4 inch (32mm)
nominal pipe sizes. Tolerances shall be in
wide bands shall be the Super Mity‐Spring
accordance with the applicable ASTM specification.
by Childers Products Co. or approved
equivalent.
5.1.2 Cylindrical vessels with outside diameters of
30 inches (0.76m) and under, shall normally have
4.3.4 Material for "S" clips shall be identical to
"sectional pipe" insulation.
the material used for jacket bands.
a. Insulation may be installed in single or
multiple layers. No individual layer shall be
4.3.5 Wood dowels shall be 1/4 inch (6.4mm)
more than 4 inches thick. In multiple‐layer
diameter, white birch, acid copper chromate
installations, layers should be limited to 3
treated.
inches (76mm) whenever possible. See
3.15 for multiple‐layer requirements.
4.3.6 Vapor barrier reinforcement for
b. Sectional pipe insulation up to 12 inches
weatherproofing plastic shall be glass textile, open
(305mm) O.D. shall be secured with 18
weave fabric conforming to ASTM D‐1668, 10 x 10
gauge stainless steel wire or 1 inch (25mm)
mesh.
glass reinforced filament tape on 12 inch
(0.31m) centers. Do not secure foam type
4.3.7 Anti‐abrasion compound shall be vinyl base,
insulation with wire. Secure pipe insulation
retaining flexibility down to ‐300 F (‐184 C).
12 inches (0.31m) O.D. and above with 
inch (13 mm) stainless steel bands.
4.3.8 Wing‐type band seals shall be stainless
c. The wire ends shall be bent and pressed
steel, 0.032 inch (0.81mm) thick, hardened and
into the insulation to avoid projections.
tempered.
d. In all cases, at least four (4) attachments
per 3 foot (0.91m) section of insulation shall
4.3.9 Pipe supports shall be cellular glass, high‐
be installed.
density, polyisocyanurate, phenolic foam or kiln
dried, white or red oak, pressure treated with acid
5.1.3 For cylindrical piping and vessels with
copper chromate. See Figure 1.
outside diameters over 30 inches (0.76m), up to 10
feet (3m), preformed curved segments shall be
4.3.10 Vapor barrier coating shall be an
used. For vessels with outside diameters greater
elastomeric mastic system in accordance with the
than 10 feet (9m) where curved segments cannot
project specifications.
be used, mitered logs cut from flat blocks may be
used.
4.3.11 Pop rivets shall be stainless steel, 5/32 inch
(4.0mm) minimum diameter.

Specification for Cold Insulation 7 of 21

a. Block and curved segment insulation shall 5.2.3 Where pipe hangers, platform brackets,
be applied with the length of etc., are not outside the insulation they shall be
block/segment parallel to greatest length of insulated for a distance of four times the insulation
surface to be insulated. All successive end thickness measured from the junction of the
joints shall be staggered and the blocks uninsulated surface.
scored or sized to eliminate gaps between
surfaces and blocks. Block and curved 5.2.4 Welding pins may only be used to support
segment insulation can be applied in inner layers of insulation on spherical vessels or on
multiple‐layer construction, when required, irregular, compound curved surfaces subject to
with all joints in the adjacent layers COMPANY approval. In such applications, speed
staggered. clips shall be used to hold insulation on pins that
b. Each layer shall be secured with bands are cut flush above the clip. Split pins shall be
before the succeeding layer is applied. spread and bent. The outer layer of insulation and
all subsequent layers where pins are not applied
5.1.4 Attachments on vessels beyond the shall be secured as indicated in Section 5.4.
insulation line, such as stiffening rings, shall be
considered as an integral part of the vessel and 5.3 Insulation Expansion/Contraction Joints
shall be insulated and finished in the same manner
as the vessel. Thickness of insulation on such 5.3.1 Vertical and horizontal vessels shall have
attachments and projections shall be the same as insulation expansion/contraction joints at each
the adjoining insulation. support ring.

5.1.5 Vents, drains, and uninsulated pipe 5.3.2 Insulation expansion/contraction joints for
branches shall be insulated for a minimum vertical equipment and vertical piping shall be
distance, beyond the first block valve, of 4 times provided at each insulation support or stiffener
the adjacent insulation thickness. The vapor seal ring, 10 feet (3m) maximum spacing.
coating shall be sealed to the uninsulated metal for
a distance equal to the insulation thickness from a. The expansion space between the
the point the insulation stops. Exposed pipe underside of the ring and the insulation
threads on these branches shall be covered with shall be packed with a resilient expansion
the vapor seal coating. joint filler.
b. The filler shall be sealed within the vapor
5.2 Supports barrier.
5.3.3 Insulation expansion/contraction joints are
5.2.1 Piping supports and anchors shall be not required if the piping or equipment is less than
cellular glass or high‐density polyisocyanurate and 8 feet (2.5m) in length.
phenolic foam unless the temperature limitations
are exceeded. Wooden supports may also be used 5.4 Insulation for Vessel Heads
for moderate temperatures.
5.4.1 The top heads of vertical vessels and both
5.2.2 On long vertical piping runs, the insulation heads of horizontal vessels shall be insulated using
contractor shall furnish and install all clamped shop fabricated, engineered vessel head segments,
insulation supports. fitted to the contour of the head wherever
possible.

Specification for Cold Insulation 8 of 21

5.4.2 For vertical equipment, insulation on 5.6.1 An inner vapor barrier shall be applied
bottom heads only shall be held in place by between the outer and inner layer of insulation
impaling the inner layers on weld studs or by wire where multi‐layered systems are specified. The
bands attached to blank nuts 1/2 inch (13mm) to vapor barrier sheeting shall overlap by 2 inches
5/8 inch (16mm) which have been welded to the (51mm) and be sealed with vinyl tape at all seams.
vessel skirt or support ring on maximum 12 inch For irregular shapes where the sheeting material
(0.31m) centers. cannot be applied use a coating of vapor barrier
mastic 1/16 inch (.4mm) DFT.
5.4.3 For the top head of vertical equipment and
both ends of horizontal equipment, the insulation 5.6.2 The outer vapor barrier sheeting shall be
shall be secured by use of a floating ring fabricated applied by removing a release paper and exposing
from a minimum 1/4 inch (6.4mm) rod or six 18 the adhesive. Firmly press the membrane sheeting
gauge stainless steel tie wires twisted together, against the insulation and overlap all seams by 3
positioned in the center of the head and over the inches (76mm). For irregular shapes where the
insulation. Where the head does not have a center sheeting material cannot be applied as a glass
nozzle, the bands can be crisscrossed over the reinforced butyl or hypalon mastic system. The
center thus eliminating a floating ring. One end of thickness shall be in accordance with the project
a band shall be fastened to the floating ring and specifications.
the other end shall be anchored to a band(s) or ring
welded around the cylindrical section of the 5.7 Jacketing
equipment close to the head.
5.7.1 Where jacketing is specified, it shall not be
5.4.4 Vessels and exchanger heads shall be applied until the insulation and vapor barrier have
insulated to the same thickness as the shells of the been fully inspected and approved by COMPANY.
equipment. Blocks of insulation, neatly beveled to
insure a close fit, shall be used. 5.7.2 Jacketing for cylindrical surfaces over 36
inch (0.91m) OD shall be secured with  inch
5.4.5 Removable/reusable head insulation for (19mm) by 0.025 inch (0.64mm) bands and seals
exchangers, strainers, etc., shall be fabricated with placed over each circumferential overlap and at
the same materials as the equipment. Soft pad least at the center of each course of jacketing.
type covers are not acceptable for cold
applications. 5.7.3 Jacketing for cylindrical surfaces shall be
applied with 3 inch (76mm) circumferential or
a. The head cover assembly may be split as longitudinal laps.
required for ease of removal and
installation. a. On vertical piping and vessels, the upper lap
b. Upon reassembly the head cover seams of jacketing shall overlap the lower lap by 3
must be easily sealed with a vapor barrier inches (76mm)
caulking compound.
1. On all vertical lines, S or Z clips shall
5.5 Vessels and Equipment Skirts and Supports be used on every circumferential lap
to support the jacket.
5.5.1 All supports shall be insulated for a length 2. All vertical piping and vessels where
of at least 12 inches (0.31m) or 4 times the smooth jacketing is installed the
required thickness, whichever is greater. longitudinal seam shall be sealed
5.6 Piping and Equipment Insulation Vapor with a continuous bead of caulking
Barriers compound.

Specification for Cold Insulation 9 of 21

 3. Vertical vessels above 30 feet (9m) c. If there are broken or damaged pieces.
high shall have their jacketing d. If any cold spots can be detected after start‐
secured with screws in addition to up caused by failure to adhere to the
bands. The screw shall be applied to specifications.
longitudinal seams only on the ridge e. If there are any cracks or open spots in the
of the corrugation on 6 inch vapor barrier.
(150mm) centers, and it shall not f. If there is any other non‐compliance with
bind the upper course of jacketing the specifications.
to the lower course of jacketing at
the circumferential lap. The screws 5.8.2 The insulation shall be inspected and
shall not pierce the vapor barrier approved by COMPANY prior to application of the
and are not permitted where vapor barrier. Where jacketing or other finish is
smooth jacketing is used. specified, the vapor barrier shall be inspected and
approved prior to application of the finish.
b. All horizontal piping and vessels shall have
the jacketing circumferential seam caulked
with a continuous bead of caulking
compound.

5.7.4 On horizontal equipment and piping, the

longitudinal finish lap shall be positioned to shed
rain water and minimize dust collecting. Overlaps
shall be positioned at the 4 o'clock or the 8 o'clock
location.

5.7.5 The cylindrical surfaces greater than 30 inch

(0.76m) OD and all longitudinal joints in corrugated
jacketing shall be secured with bands and sheet
metal screws, or pop rivets placed on 6 inch
(150mm) centers on the ridge of the corrugation.
Screws or pop rivets shall not pierce the vapor
barrier and are not permitted where smooth
jacketing is used.

5.7.6 Preformed metal elbows, tees, valve and

flange covers shall be used to the largest
commercially available size.

5.8 Inspection and Quality Control

5.8.1 Insulation will be judged defective and

rejected for any of the following reasons:

a. If there are any cracks extending through

the insulation.
b. If there are any cracks which would cause
insulation to break upon sawing or gently
flexing.

Specification for Cold Insulation 10 of 21

 Figure 1a
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

Notes:
1. Hardwood blocks shall be at least two inches longer than the steel bearing plate. The steel bearing
plate for the split hanger type support shall be at least two inches longer than the width of the split
hangar strap, and shall be determined by the expansion or contractor requirements on graphite slide
type supports, use joint sealer between joints.
2. Maximum compression in graphite = 2000 psi.
3. Graphite cradle and plate to be "UCAR" or approved equal.
4. Graphite is cemented to metal with "National" cement grade C‐35 or approved equal.
5. Graphite slide surfaces must not be painted.
6. Minimum length of graphite cradle shall be 12 in.
7. For guide where large horizontal force is involved, graphite slide support may be added vertically to
counteract the force as shown above in dotted lines. In this configuration metal cradle shall be banded
to pipe insulation with 3/4" x 0.025" S.S. bands.

Specification for Cold Insulation 11 of 21

 Figure 1b
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

Specification for Cold Insulation 12 of 21

 Figure 2a
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

Figure 2b
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

NOTES:
1. If metallic cover is used, glass fabric and finishing mastic may not be required. Vapor seal mastic may
be required at ends only as noted on detail.
2. Valve insulation may be in two sections for ease of removal. Joints must be staggered and completely
vapor sealed.

Specification for Cold Insulation 13 of 21

 Figure 2c
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

Figure 2d
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

Specification for Cold Insulation 14 of 21

 Figure 2e
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR PIPING

Specification for Cold Insulation 15 of 21

 Figure 3a
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

NOTES:
1. The metal thickness may have to be increased for the lower courses of tall vessels to support the upper
courses, spacing on the screw fasteners may have to be decreased also to provide the needed support.
2. Provide support rings for insulation every 12 feet maximum, 8 feet preferred.

Specification for Cold Insulation 16 of 21

 Figure 3b
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Figure 3c
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Specification for Cold Insulation 17 of 21

 Figure 3d
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Figure 3e
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Specification for Cold Insulation 18 of 21

 Figure 3f
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Specification for Cold Insulation 19 of 21

 Figure 4a
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Figure 4b
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Specification for Cold Insulation 20 of 21

 Figure 5a
TYPICAL DETAILS FOR VESSELS

Specification for Cold Insulation 21 of 21