04

Kinematics II
(Projectile Motion)

An object which is projected in the air with some velocity and makes a IN THIS CHAPTER ....
random angle with the horizontal surface is known projectile. The path
followed by the projectile (called trajectory) is a parabola and the motion Equation of Trajectory
exhibited by it is called projectile motion. It is a two-dimensional motion. Important Terms in Projectile
Motion
Equation of Trajectory Special Cases of Projectile Motion
Let us consider a projectile launched, so that its initial velocity u makes an Projectile Motion on an Inclined
angle q with the horizontal. In the following diagram, horizontal direction is Plane
taken as X-axis and vertical direction is taken as the Y-axis.
u = u i$ + u $j x y

Þ u = u cos q i$ + u sin q $j
Y

H
θ
X
ux =u cos θ
R

It can be seen that the X-axis is parallel to the horizontal, Y-axis is parallel to
the vertical and u lies in the XY-plane. The constant acceleration a is given as
a = a $i + a $j
x y

where, ax = 0 (Since, there is no acceleration along X-axis)

a y = - g (Since, the acceleration is downwards and equal to g)
Velocity after time t can be given as
v t = v cos q$i + ( u sin q - gt ) $j
88 JEE Main Physics

Speed of the projectile at any time t is v = vx2 + v 2y and direction of X-axis to be along the initial velocity and the positive
direction of Y-axis to be the vertically upward direction. The x and
displacement at time t will be y- components of the motion can be treated independently. The
æ 1 ö equations of motion are
= ut cos qi$ + ç ut sin q - gt 2 ÷
è 2 ø x = x0 + uxt
1
The direction of v with the X-axis is given by y = y 0 + uyt + ayt 2
æ vy ö 2
q = tan-1 ç ÷. Here, x0 = y 0 = 0 ,uy = 0 , ay = - g = - 9.8 ms–2, ux = 15 ms-1
è vx ø
The stone hits the ground when, y = -490 m
Coordinates of the projectile after time t is given by 1
Þ x = u cosq t …(i) - 490 = - (9.8) t 2
2
1 2
Þ y = u sinq t - gt …(ii) Þ t = 10 s
2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), eliminating t, we get The velocity components are, ux = u0x and uy = u0y - gt ,

x 1 x2 so that when the stone hits the ground

y = u sin q - g 2 ux = 15 ms-1
u cos q 2 u cos2 q
gx 2 uy = 0 - 9.8 ´ 10 = -98 ms–1
Þ y = x tan q - …(iii)
2u 2 cos2 q \The speed of the stone is
The equation between x and y represents the path of the ux2 + uy2 = 15 2 + 98 2 = 99 ms-1
projectile known as trajectory. The Eq. (iii) shows that
it is the equation of parabola of the form
y = bx + cx 2 Important Terms in
where, b = tanq = constant and
g Projectile Motion
c= = constant.
2u cos2 q
2 Consider a body is projected from the point O with an
initial velocity u at an angle q with the horizontal and it
Example 1. A particle moves according to the equation hits the ground at same level at point B.
v = a $i + b$j Y
At the initial point, x = 0 = y, the radius of the trajectory is g
bx2 2a x2 a u
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) 2 A
2a bx a x
Sol. (a) Distance = speed ´ time H
θ
Given, v = a$i + b$j O C B
X
dy R
At the initial point, x = at , = bx
dt
x dx The distance OB is called the horizontal range (R) or
Þ t = or dt =
a a simply range and the vertical height AC is known as the
dx maximum height (H). The total time taken by the particle
Þ dy = bxdt = bx in tracing the path OAB is called the time of flight (T).
a
xn + 1
On integrating the above expression, using ò xndx = Time of Flight (T )
n +1
b 2 u sinq
Time of flight for the projectile is given as T =
aò
dy = xdx
g
bx2 Example 3. A very broad elevator is going up vertically
Thus, y=
2a with a constant acceleration of 2 ms-2. At the instant, when its
velocity is 4 ms-1, a ball is projected from the floor of the lift
Example 2. A biker stands on the edge of a cliff 490 m with a speed of 4 ms-1 relative to the floor at an elevation of
above the ground and throws a stone horizontally with an 30º. If g = 10 ms-2, then what is the time taken by the ball to
initial speed of 15 ms -1. Neglecting air resistance, the speed return to the floor?
with which the stone hits the ground is 1 1
(a) s (b) s
(a) 10 ms-1 (b) 99 ms-1 (c) 15 ms-1 (d) 30 ms-1 2 3
1
Sol. (b) We choose the origin of the X-axis and Y-axis at the edge (c) s (d) 1s
of the cliff. At t = 0 s, the stone is thrown. Consider the positive 4
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 89

Sol. (b) Here, u = 4 ms–1, q = 30° So, time of flight in first case,
–2
Acceleration of the ball relative to the lift = 10 + 2 = 12 ms acting 2u sin q1
t1 = …(iii)
in the negative y-direction or vertically downwards. It means, here g
g ¢ = 12 ms–2. and time of flight in second case,
2 u sin q 2 ´ 4 ´ sin 30° 1 2u sin q2 2u sin(90°- q1) 2u cos q1
Time of flight, T = = = s t2 = = = …(iv)
g¢ 12 3 g g g

Horizontal Range (R) From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get

2u sin q1 2u cos q1
The horizontal range R is the horizontal distance covered t1t 2 = ´
by the projectile is given as, g g
u 2 sin 2 q 4u 2 sin q1 cos q1
Þ R= Þ t1t 2 =
g g2
Range will be maximum, if 2u 2 sin 2 q1
Þ t1t 2 = (Q sin 2 q = 2 sin q cos q) …(v)
sin 2 q = 1 g2
sin 2 q = sin 90° From Eq. (i), we get
2 q = 90° æ
2R u 2 sin 2 q1 ö
or q = 45° \ t1 t 2 = çQ R = ÷
g è g ø
u2
Rmax = (at q = 45°)
g Example 5. A body is projected at t = 0 with a velocity
10 ms -1 at an angle of 60° with the horizontal. The radius of
Example 4. A shell is fired from a fixed artillery gun with curvature of its trajectory at t = 1s is R. Neglecting air
an initial speed u such that it hits the target on the ground at a resistance and taking acceleration due to gravity g = 10 ms -2,
distance R from it. If t1 and t 2 are the values of the time taken the value of R is [JEE Main 2019]
by it to hit the target in two possible ways, the product t1t 2 is
(a) 10.3 m (b) 2.8 m
[JEE Main 2019]
R R (c) 5.1 m (d) 2.5 m
(a) (b)
4g g Sol. (b) Components of velocity at an instant of time t of a body
R 2R projected at an angle q is
(c) (d)
2g g v x = u cos q + g xt and v y = u sin q + g yt
Here, components of velocity at t = 1 s , is
Sol. (d)
v x = u cos 60 º + 0 [as g x = 0]
1
= 10 ´ = 5 m /s
t2 2
θ2 and v y = u sin 60 º + ( -10) ´ (1)
t1
θ1 3
= 10 ´ + ( - 10) ´ (1)
R 2
Given, range of the fired shell, R = R = 5 3 - 10
and time of flights are t1 and t 2.
Þ |v y| = |10 - 5 3 | m/s
Let q1 and q2 be the two angles at which shell is fired. As,
range in both cases is same, i.e. Now, angle made by the velocity vector at time of t = 1 s
R1 = R2 = R vy |10 - 5 3|
| tan a | = =
u 2 sin 2 q1 vx 5
Here, R1 =
g Þ tan a = |2 - 3|
2
u sin 2 q2 or a = 15º
and R2 =
g \ Radius of curvature of the trajectory of the projected body,
u 2 sin 2 q1 u 2 sin 2 q2
Þ R= = …(i) R = v 2 / g cos a
g g
(5) 2 + (10 - 5 3) 2
Þ sin 2 q1 = sin 2 q2 =
10 ´ 0.97
Þ sin 2 q1 = sin(180°-2 q2) [Q sin(180°- q) = sin q]
Þ 2( q1 + q2) = 180° or q1 + q2 = 90° [Qv 2 = v x2 + v y2 and cos15º = 0.97]
Þ q2 = 90°- q1 …(ii) Þ R = 2.77 m » 2.8 m
90 JEE Main Physics

u 2 sin(90° + 2 q)
Maximum Height (H ) Þ R=
g
Maximum height attained by the projectile is given as,
u 2 cos 2 q
u 2 sin2 q Þ R=
H = g
2g
u 4 cos2 2 q
Þ R2 = …(i)
Example 6. Two stones having different masses m1 and m2 g2
are projected at angles q and (90° – q) with same velocity Maximum heights achieved in two cases are
from the same point. The ratio of their maximum heights is
u 2 sin 2( 45° + q)
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1: tan q (c) tan q : 1 (d) tan 2 q : 1 h1 =
2g
u 2 sin 2 q u 2 sin 2( 45° - q)
Sol. (d) Maximum height, H1 = ...(i) and h2 =
2g 2g
u 2 sin 2(90° - q) u 4 sin 2( 45° + q) sin 2( 45° - q)
and H2 = ...(ii) So, h1h2 =
2g 4g 2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Using 2 sin A × sin B = cos( A - B) - cos( A + B),
H1 sin 2 q
= we have
H2 sin 2 (90° - q) 1
H1 tan 2 q sin( 45° + q) sin( 45° - q) = (cos 2 q - cos 90° )
= 2
H2 1 cos 2 q
Þ sin( 45° + q) sin( 45° - q) = [Q cos 90° = 0 ]
\ H1 : H2 = tan 2 q : 1 2
So, we have
2
Example 7. Two particles are projected from the same æ cos 2 q ö
u4 ç ÷
point with the same speed u such that they have the same è 2 ø u 4 cos2 2 q
h1h2 = 2
Þ h1h2 = …(ii)
range R, but different maximum heights h1 and h2. Which of 4g 16g 2
the following is correct? [JEE Main 2019] From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(a) R 2 = 4 h1h2 (b) R 2 = 16 h1h2 (c) R 2 = 2 h1h2 (d) R 2 = h1h2 R2
Þ h1h2 = Þ R 2 = 16 h1h2
16
Sol. (b)
h2 Important Points Regarding
Projectile Motion
u ● The equation of trajectory of projectile can be written
h1
u 45°+θ æ xö
45°–θ in the terms of range of projectile as y = x ç1 - ÷ tanq.
è Rø
As maximum range occurs at q = 45° for a given initial
projection speed, we take angles of projection of two
● A projectile has the same range at angles of projection
particles as q and ( 90° - q ), though time of flight, maximum height
45°+θ
and trajectories are different. This is also true for a
45°
45°–θ
range of projectile for q 1 = ( 45° - a ) and q 2 = ( 45° + a )
u 2 cos 2 a
and is equal to .
g
● There are two unique times at which the projectile is at
θ
the same height h ( < H ) and the sum of these two times
θ
1
equals the time of flight T. Since, h = ( u sin q ) t - gt 2
45°
2
is quadratic in time, so it has two unique roots t1 and t2
2 u sinq
(say) such that sum of roots ( t1 + t2 ) is and
q1 = 45° + q, q2 = 45° - q g
where, q is angle of projectiles with 45° line. So, range of 2h
product ( t1t2 ) is . The time lapse ( t1 - t2 ) between
projectiles will be g
u 2 sin 2 ( q1) these two events is (t1 - t2)2 = (t1 + t2)2 - 4 t1t2
R = R1 = R2 =
g
4 u 2 sin2 q 8h
u 2 sin 2( 45° + q) t1 - t2 = -
Þ R= g 2
g
g
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 91

● In case of projectile motion, range R is n times the

maximum height H.
Special Cases of Projectile Motion
i. e. R = nH Projection from a Height
u 2 sin 2 q u 2 sin2 q
Then, =n Case I Projectile Projected in Horizontal Direction
g 2g
Let us consider that a projectile is projected with
4 æ 4ö
i. e. tanq = or q = tan-1 ç ÷ a velocity u. The following observations are taken
n ènø from point O at a height h from the ground.
● If air resists the projectile motion, then
(i) Time taken by projectile during upward motion +ve
< Time taken during downward motion. O u +ve
θ
(ii) The values of height attained and range of a r θ y (x, y)
a y =–g
x
projectile decrease both. vx
h θ
(iii) The projectile returns to the ground with less speed.
At its trajectory, its horizontal velocity also vy v
decreases.
P B
(iv) Time of flight also decreases.
(v) The angle which the projectile makes with the Here, ux = u ,
ground, increases. u y = 0, ax = 0
● If K ¢ is the kinetic energy at the point of launch, then ay = -g
kinetic energy at the highest point is (a) Horizontal motion, x = ut …(i)
1
1 1 Vertical motion, - h = 0 ( t ) - gt 2 …(ii)
K ¢ = mvx2 = mu 2 cos2 q Þ K ¢ = K cos2 q 2
2 2
2h
● For complementary angles f and 90° - f, if Tf and or t=
g
T90° - f are the times of flight and R is the range, then
2 Rf 2 R90° - f 2 R (b) Horizontal range, ( R ) = u ´ t = u 2h / g
Tf T90° - f = = =
g g g (c) Let at time t, the coordinates of the position of
2 R1° 2 R89° projectile be ( x , y ), then
e. g. T1° T89° = = 1
g g x = ut and y = 0 - gt 2
2
● The velocity of the projectile is minimum at the highest
Therefore, at time t, position vector
point ( = u cos q ) and is maximum at the point of
1
projection or at the point of striking the ground. r = x$i + y$j = ut$i - gt 2$j
● At the maximum point of projectile motion, the velocity 2
is not zero, but is u cos q which acts in the horizontal æ 1 ö
2

direction. The angle between velocity and acceleration |r| = x 2 + y 2 = ( ut )2 + ç - gt 2 ÷

è 2 ø
varies from 0° < q < 180°.
● Path of a projectile w.r.t. other projectile is a straight and tan q = y / x
line. (d) Let at time t, the horizontal and vertical velocities of
projectile be vx and v y , respectively.
● In oblique projection of a projectile, the following
physical quantities remains constant during motion. Hence, vx = u
(i) horizontal component of velocity ( u cos q ) and v y = 0 + ( - gt ) = - gt
(ii) acceleration due to gravity (g) r = v i$ + v $j = ui$ + ( - gt )$j
x y
(iii) total energy of the projectile.
The following physical quantities which change during and v = vx2 + v 2y = u 2 + ( - gt )2
the motion are vy
and tanq =
(i) speed and velocity vx
(ii) direction of motion
Case II Projectile Projected at an Angle q above
(iii) linear momentum
Horizontal
(iv) kinetic energy and potential energy
ux = u cos q, a x = 0
(v) angle between direction of motion and acceleration
due to gravity. (It changes from 90° + q to 90° - q). u y = u sin q , a y = - g
92 JEE Main Physics

From equation of horizontal motion, Example 8. A boy playing on the roof of a 10 m high
x = u cosqt …(i) building throws a ball with a speed of 10 m/s at an angle of
30° with the horizontal. How far from the throwing point will
Equation of vertical motion will be
the ball be at the height of 10 m from the ground?
1 1
- h = u sinqt - gt 2 ...(ii) [g = 10 m/s 2, sin 30° = , cos 30° = 3/2]
2 2
(a) 5.20 m (b) 4.33 m (c) 2.60 m (d) 8.66 m
vb = 0 vx = ux = u cos θ
u
Sol. (d) The ball will be at point P when it is at a height of 10 m
uy = u sin θ

A
O θ B u cos θ a y = –g
from the ground. So, we have to find the distance OP, which can
u cos θ θ be calculated directly by considering it as a projectile on a
u sin θ
levelled plane (OX).
h 10 m/s

O 30° P
X
P D C
gt 2 - 2u sinqt - 2h = 0 …(iii)

10 m
2 2
u sin q u sin q 2h
or t= ± 2
´
g g g
Horizontal distance covered in time T ,
Ground
PC = ( u cos q ) T
2 2
and horizontal distance covered during this time, u sin 2 q 10 ´ sin ( 2 ´ 30° )
OP = R = =
u 2 sin 2 q g 10
OB =
g 10 3
= = 5 3 = 8.66 m
In such case for range PC to become maximum, q 2
should be 45°.
Case III Projection at an Angle q below Horizontal Projectile Motion on an
u x = u cos q , ax = 0 Inclined Plane
u y = - u sin q , a y = - g When a projectile is projected from an inclined plane, we
y consider two axes x and y, i.e. along and perpendicular to
the inclined plane. Different cases of projectile motion on
uy = u sin θ

O ux cos θ an inclined plane are shown below.

θ Case I Motion up the Plane In xy-plane,
a y =–g
u y x
h

β
x sin
P A g
R
x'

From equation of motion, g sβ

1 θ co
s = ut + at 2 β g
2
1 u x = u cos(q - b )
- h = ( - u sin q ) t + ( - g) t 2
2 u y = u sin(q - b )
or gt 2 + ( 2u sin q ) t - 2h = 0 ax = - g sinb,
On solving this equation, value of t can be obtained a y = - g cosb
2 2 Time of flight,
- 2u sin q 4 u sin q + 8 gh
t= ± 2 u sin(q - b )
2g 2g Þ T =
g cos b
Neglect –ve root of t.
In this time, the horizontal distance covered on the Range of inclined plane,
Earth 2u 2 cos q sin(q - b )
R=
PA = ( u cos q ) t g cos2 b
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 93

Maximum range on inclined plane, Components of u along and perpendicular to plane are
u x = u cos q and u y = u sinq
u2
Rmax = We can also resolve acceleration due to gravity into its
g(1 + sin b ) components along and perpendicular to plane as shown below.
Case II Motion down the Plane Let the particle be y
x
thrown with a velocity u at an angle q with the = ax
g sin α
horizontal as shown in the figure. α g cos α = ay
y
g
θ
β
So, we can now apply formula for range, i.e. net horizontal
displacement of the particle as
β 1
sin R = uxT + axT 2 …(i)
g R 2
β
sβ where, T = time of flight.
co
β g Using formula for time of flight, we have
2uy 2u sin q
Time of flight (T ) and Range ( R ) on inclined T= = …(ii)
ay g cos a
plane is given as,
2 u sin(q + b ) From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
Þ T =
g cos b Range up the inclined plane is
u 2 é sin( 2q + b ) + sin b ù
2
1 æ 2u sin q ö 1 æ 2u sin q ö
R= ê ú R = uxT + axT 2 = u cos q ç ÷ - g sin a ç ÷
g ë 1 - sin2 b û 2 è g cos a ø 2 è g cos a ø
Since, q is variable and the maximum value of sine Here, u = 2 ms-1, g = 10 ms-2, q = 15°, a = 30°
function is 1.
2u sin q 2 ´ 2 sin 15°
For R to be maximum, sin( 2q + b ) = 1 So, T= =
g cos a 10 ´ cos 30°
u 2 æ 1 + sin b ö 2 ´ 2 ´ 0.258 ´ 2
and Rmax = ç ÷ = = 0.1191
g è 1- sin2 b ø 10 ´ 1.732
u2 1
= down the plane Now, R = 2 ´ cos15° ´ 0.1191 - ´ 10 sin 30° (0.1191) 2
g (1- sin b ) 2
5
= 2 ´ 0.965 ´ 0.1191 - (0.1191) 2
Example 9. A plane is inclined at an angle a = 30º with 2
respect to the horizontal. A particle is projected with a speed = 0.229 - 0.0354 = 0.1936 m
u = 2 ms-1, from the base of the plane, making an angle » 0.20 m = 20 cm
q = 15º with respect to the plane as shown in the following
figure. The distance from the base, at which the particle hits Example 10. A cannon fired from under a shelter inclined
the plane is close to [Take, g = 10 ms-2] at an angle a to the horizontal. The cannon is at point A at
distant R from the base (B) of the shelter. The initial velocity of
the cannon is v0 and its trajectory lies in the plane. The
maximum range Rmax of the shell is
° v 02
15 (a) sin 2a
u θ= g
α=30°
g
(b) 2 sin 2 ( f - a)
(a) 26 cm (b) 20 cm v0
(c) 18 cm (d) 14 cm
v 02 æ gR sin 2a ö
(c) sin 2 ç a + sin -1 ÷
Sol. (b) When a projectile is projected at an angle q with an g è v0 ø
inclined plane making angle a with the horizontal, then
v 02 æ R sin 2a ö
u sin θ = uy θ= ux (d) sin 2 ç a + sin -1 ÷
y u cos x 2g è g ø
θ
Sol. (c) For h ¢ to be maximum,
θ v 02 sin 2 ( f - a)
α h ¢ = R sin a =
2 g cos a
94 JEE Main Physics

gR sin 2 a = v 02 sin 2 ( f - a) 2 u 2 tan q

Clearly, the point P corresponds to x = , then
gR sin 2a g
Þ f = a + sin -1
g 2u 2 tan 2 q
y = x tan q -
g
The distance, AP = l = x2 + y 2
h′ 2u 2
= tan q 1 + tan 2 q
g
α
h′ φ– 2u 2
α α = tan q sec q
B g
R A

v 02 sin 2f
Example 12. Two bodies are projected from the same
Range, Rmax = point with equal speeds in such directions that they both
g
strike the same point on a plane whose inclination is a. If q be
v 02 æ gR sin 2a ö the angle of projection of the first body with the horizontal,
= sin 2 ç a + sin -1 ÷
g è v0 ø then the ratio of their time of flight is
cos ( q - a) sin ( q - a)
(a) (b)
Example 11. A particle is projected horizontally with a cos b cos q
speed u from the top of a plane inclined at an angle q with the sin ( q - a) cos ( q - a)
(c) (d)
horizontal. How far from the point of projection will the sin b sin q
particle strike the plane?
u2
2 u2 2u Sol. (b) Range, R = [sin (2q - a) - sin a ]
(a) tan q sec q (b) tan 2 q sec q g cos2 q
g g
2 u2 2u
(c) tan q cos q (d) tan q cos2 q
g g u

Sol. (a) Take X and Y-axes as shown in figure below. Suppose that u
the particle strikes the plane at a point P with coordinates ( x, y).
Consider the motion between A and P.
u θ
A X α

Range of both the bodies is same.

y
Therefore,
P sin (2q - a) = sin (2q¢ - a)
x
θ 2 q¢ - a = p - (2 q - a)
Y
p
q¢ = - ( q - a)
Motion in x- direction, 2
Initial velocity = u 2u sin ( q - a)
Now, T= ...(i)
Acceleration = 0 g cos a
x = ut …(i) 2u sin ( q¢ - a)
Motion in y- direction, and T¢ = ...(ii)
g cos a
Initial velocity = 0
Acceleration = g Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
T sin ( q - a)
1 2 =
gt y= …(ii) T ¢ sin ( q¢ - a)
2
Eliminating t from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get sin ( q - a)
=
1 x2 ì p ü
y= g 2 sin í - ( q - a) - aý
2 u î2 þ
Also, y = x tan q sin ( q - a) sin ( q - a)
= =
gx 2
2u tan q 2 æ p ö cos q
Thus, = x tan q giving x = 0 or sin ç - q÷
2 è2 ø
2u g
 Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems

Equation of Trajectory the point Q vertically below the highest point. For B
v
to collide with A, 2 should be
1. The height y and distance x along the horizontal for v1
a body projected in the xy-plane are given by Highest
y = 8 t - 5 t2 and x = 6 t. The initial speed of point
projection is
(a) 8 m/s (b) 9 m/s
v1 B v2
(c) 10 m/s (d) (10/3) m/s
A 30º
2. A particle moves in the xy-plane with velocity
vx = 8 t - 2 and v y = 2. If it passes through the point P Q
x = 14 and y = 4 at t = 2 s, find the equation
(a) 1 (b) 2
(x-y relation) of the path.
1
(a) x = y2 - y + 2 (c) (d) 4
(b) x = 2 y2 + 2 y - 3 2
(c) x = 3 y2 + 5 5. A projectile is fired with a velocity v at an angle q
(d) Cannot be found from above data with the horizontal. The speed of the projectile
3. A particle slides down a frictionless parabolic when its direction of motion makes an angle b with
( y = x2 ) track ( A - B - C) starting from rest at point the horizontal is
(a) v cos q (b) v cos q cos b
A. Point B is at the vertex of parabola and point C
(c) v cos q sec b (d) v cos q tan b
is at a height less than that of point A. After C, the
particle moves freely in air as a projectile. If the 6. A ball is projected with velocity u at an angle a with
particle reaches highest point at P, then horizontal plane. Its speed when it makes an angle
[NCERT Exemplar] b with the horizontal is
A y u
(a) u cos a (b)
cos b
u cos a
P (c) u cos a cos b (d)
cos b
7. A projectile is thrown with a velocity of 10 m/s at
an angle 60° with horizontal. The interval between
v0 the moment when speed is 5g m/s, is ( g = 10 m/s2 )
θ
C
(a) 1 s (b) 3 s
(c) 2 s (d) 4 s
–x2 –x1 B –x0 x
(x = 0)
8. A body of mass m is thrown upward at an angle q
with the horizontal with velocity v. While rising up,
(a) KE at P = KE at B the velocity of the mass after t second will be
(b) height at P = height at A (a) (v cos q)2 + (v sin q)2
(c) total energy at P = total energy at A
(d) time of travel from A to B = time of travel from B to P. (b) (v cos q - v sin q)2 - gt

4. A projectile A is thrown at an angle of 30° to the (c) v2 + g 2t 2 - (2v sin q) gt

horizontal from point P. At the same time, another
(d) v2 + g 2t 2 - (2v cos q) gt
projectile B is thrown with velocity v2 upwards from
96 JEE Main Physics

9. The equation of motion of a projectile are given by 16. An arrow is shot into air. Its range is 200 m and its
x = 36 t and 2 y = 96 t - 9.8 t2 m. The angle of time of flight is 5 s. If g = 10 m / s2 , then horizontal
projectile will be component of velocity and the maximum height will
æ4ö æ3ö be respectively
(a) sin -1 ç ÷ (b) sin -1 ç ÷
è5ø è5ø (a) 20 m/s, 62.50 m (b) 40 m/s, 31.25 m
æ4ö æ3ö (c) 80 m/s, 62.5 m (d) None of these
(c) sin -1 ç ÷ (d) sin -1 ç ÷
è3ø è4ø
17. A ball is thrown up with a certain velocity at an
10. The trajectory of a projectile near the surface of the angle q to the horizontal. The kinetic energy (KE) of
2
earth is given as y = 2x - 9 x . If it were launched at the ball varies in the horizontal displacement x as
an angle q 0 with speed v0 , then (Take, g = 10 ms -2 )
[JEE Main 2019]
-1 æ
1 ö 5 -1
(a) q0 = sin ç ÷ and v0 = ms KE KE
è 5ø 3 (b)
(a)
æ 2 ö 3
(b) q0 = cos -1 ç ÷ and v0 = ms
-1
è 5ø 5 O O
x x
æ 1 ö 5
(c) q0 = cos -1 ç ÷ and v0 = ms
-1
è 5ø 3
æ 2 ö 3
(d) q0 = sin -1 ç ÷ and v0 = ms
-1 KE KE
è 5ø 5 (c) (d)

Terms in the Projectile Motion O O

x x
11. The horizontal range of a projectile fired at an angle
of 15° is 50 m. If it is fired with the same speed at an 18. It was calculated that a shell when fired from a
angle of 45°, its range will be [NCERT Exemplar] gun with a certain velocity and at an angle of
(a) 60 m (b) 71 m (c) 100 m (d) 141 m 5p
elevation rad should strike a given target. In
12. A particle is projected from horizontal making an 36
angle 60° with initial velocity 40 ms -1 . The time actual practice, it was found that a hill just
taken by the particle to make angle 45° from prevented the trajectory. At what angle of
horizontal, is elevation, should the gun be to hit the target?
(a) 15 s (b) 2.0 s (c) 20 s (d) 1.5 s 5p 11 p
(a) rad (b) rad
36 36
13. A particle is projected from the ground at an angle 7p 13 p
of 60° with horizontal with speed u = 20 ms -1. The (c)
36
rad (d)
36
rad
radius of curvature of the path of the particle, when
its velocity makes an angle of 30° with horizontal is 19. A cricket ball is hit at 30° with the horizontal with
( g = 10 ms -2 ) kinetic energy E k. What is the kinetic energy at the
(a) 10.6 m (b) 12.8 m (c) 15.4 m (d) 24.2 m highest point?
Ek 3E k Ek
14. A bomb is dropped on an enemy post by an (a) (b) (c) (d) Zero
2 4 4
aeroplane flying horizontally with a velocity of
60 kmh -1 and at a height of 490 m. At the time of 20. A particle is projected with a velocity of 30 m/s, at
an angle q 0 = tan -1 æç ö÷. After 1 s, the particle is
dropping the bomb, how far the aeroplane should 3
be from the enemy post so that the bomb may è4ø
directly hit the target? moving at an angle q to the horizontal, where tan q
400 500 1700 will be equal to (g = 10 m/s2 )
(a) m (b) m (c) m (d) 498 m
3 3 3 1 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d)
15. A stone is thrown at an angle q to be the horizontal 2 3
reaches a maximum height H, then the time of 21. Two stones thrown at different angles have same
flight of stone will be initial velocity and same range. If H is the
2H 2H maximum height attained by one stone thrown at
(a) (b) 2
g g an angle of 30°, then the maximum height attained
by the other stone is
2 2 H sin q 2 H sin q H
(c) (d) (a) (b) H (c) 2 H (d) 3H
g g 2
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 97

22. A projectile shot into air at some angle with the 30. Two projectiles A and B are thrown with velocities v
horizontal has a range of 200 m. If the time of flight v
and , respectively. They have the same range. If
is 5 s, then the horizontal component of the velocity 2
of the projectile at the highest point of trajectory is projectile B is thrown at an angle of 15° to the
(a) 40 ms -1 horizontal, then projectile A must have been
(b) 0 ms -1 thrown at an angle
9.8 ms -1 æ1ö æ1ö
(c) (a) sin -1 ç ÷ (b) sin -1 ç ÷
(d) equal to the velocity of projection of the projectile è 16 ø è4ø
æ1ö 1 æ1ö
23. The kinetic energy of a projectile at the highest, (c) 2 sin -1 ç ÷ (d) sin -1 ç ÷
è4ø 2 è8ø
point is half of the initial kinetic energy. What is
the angle of projection with the horizontal? 31. The velocity of projection of an oblique projectile is
(a) 30° (b) 45° (c) 60° (d) 90° (6i$ + 8 $j) ms -1. The horizontal range of the projectile is
24. A ball is projected from a certain point on the (a) 4.9 m (b) 9.6 m (c) 19.6 m (d) 14 m
surface of a planet at a certain angle with the 32. A projectile is thrown with velocity v making an
horizontal surface. The horizontal and vertical angle q with the horizontal. It just crosses the tops
displacement x and y vary with time t in second as of two poles, each of height h, after 1 s and 3 s
x = 10 3 t and y = 10 t - t2 . The maximum height respectively. The time of flight of the projectile is
attained by the ball is (a) 1 s (b) 3 s (c) 4 s (d) 7.8 s
(a) 100 m (b) 75 m (c) 50 m (d) 25 m
33. Two particles are simultaneously projected in
25. For a projectile thrown into space with a speed v, opposite directions horizontally from a given point
2
3v
the horizontal range is × The vertical range is in space whose gravity g is uniform. If u1 and u2 be
2g their initial speeds, then the time t after which
v2 their velocites are mutually perpendicular is given
. The angle which the projectile makes with the
8g by
horizontal initially is u1u2 u12 + u22
(a) (b)
(a) 15° (b) 30° g g
(c) 45° (d) 60° u1 (u1 + u2) u2 (u1 + u2)
(c) (d)
26. A projectile of mass m is thrown with a velocity v g g
making an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The
change in momentum from departure to arrival 34. A cricketer can throw a ball to a maximum
along vertical direction, is horizontal distance of 100 m. How much high above
(a) 2mv (b) 2 mv the ground can the cricketer throw the same ball?
[NCERT Exemplar]
mv
(c) mv (d) (a) 40 m (b) 45 m (c) 500 m (d) 50 m
2
27. A body is projected at an angle q to the horizontal 35. A piece of marble is projected from Earth’s surface
with velocity of 50 ms -1. 2 s later, it just clears a
with kinetic energy E k. The potential energy at
wall 5 m high. What is the angle of projection?
the highest point of the trajectory is
(a) 45° (b) 30°
(a) E k (b) E k cos 2 q
(c) 60° (d) None of these
(c) E k sin 2 q (d) E k tan 2 q
28. The horizontal range of an oblique projectile is 36. The ceiling of a long hall is 25 m high. Then, the
maximum horizontal distance that a ball thrown
equal to the distance through which a projectile has
with a speed of 40 m/s can go without hitting the
to fall freely from rest to acquire a velocity equal to
ceiling of the hall, is [NCERT Exemplar]
the velocity of projection in magnitude. The angle
of projection is (a) 95.5 m (b) 105.5 m
(a) 15° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 30° (c) 100 m (d) 150.5 m

29. A projectile is fired at an angle of 30° to the 37. A particle leaves the origin with an initial velocity
horizontal such that the vertical component of its v = (3.00 $i) ms -1 and a constant acceleration
initial velocity is 80 ms-1. Its time of flight is T. Its . $i - 0.50 $j) ms -2 . When the particle
a = ( - 100
T reaches its maximum x-coordinate, what is its
velocity at t = has a magnitude of nearly
4 y-component of velocity?
(a) 200 ms -1 (b) 300 ms -1 (a) –2.0 ms -1 (b) –1.0 ms -1
(c) 140 ms -1 (d) 100 ms -1 (c) –1.5 ms -1 (d) 1.0 ms -1
98 JEE Main Physics

38. Two stones are projected so as to reach the same 44. Trajectories of two projectiles are shown in figure.
distance from the point of projection on a horizontal Let T1 and T2 be the time periods and u1 and u2
surface. The maximum height reached by one their speeds of projection, then
exceeds the other by an amount equal to half the y
sum of the height attained by them, then angle of
projection of the stone which attains smaller height
is
(a) 45° (b) 60°
2
(c) 30° (d) tan -1 (3 /4) 1
x
39. The angle of projection of a projectile for which the
horizontal range and maximum height are equal to (a) T2 > T1 (b) T1 = T2
(a) tan -1 (2) (b) tan -1 (4)
(c) u1 > u2 (d) u1 < u2
(c) cot-1 (2) (d) 60°
40. A particle is projected with velocity 2 gh, so that it Special Cases of Projectile Motion
just clears two walls of equal height h, which are at 45. A body of mass m thrown horizontally with velocity
a distance of 2h from each other. What is the time v, from the top of tower of height h touches the level
interval of passing between the two walls? ground at distance of 250 m from the foot of the
2h gh h h tower. A body of mass 2 m thrown horizontally with
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 v
g g g g velocity , from the top of tower of height 4h will
2
41. A particle is projected from the ground with an touch the level ground at a distance x from the foot
initial speed of v at an angle q with horizontal. The of the tower. The value of x is
average velocity of the particle between its point of (a) 250 m (b) 500 m
projection and highest point of trajectory is (c) 125 m (d) 250 2 m
v v 46. A man standing on a hill top projects a stone
(a) 1 + 2 cos 2 q (b) 1 + cos 2 q
2 2 horizontally with speed v0 as shown in figure.
v
(c) 1 + 3 cos 2 q (d) v cos q Taking the coordinate system as given in the
2 figure. The coordinates of the point where the stone
42. The maximum range of a bullet fired from a toy will hit the hill surface
pistol mounted on a car at rest is R0 = 40 m. What y
v0
will be the acute angle of inclination of the pistol x
for maximum range when the car is moving in the (0, 0)
direction of firing with uniform velocity v = 20 m/s,
on a horizontal surface? ( g = 10 m/s2 ) [JEE Main 2013]
(a) 30° (b) 60°
(c) 75° (d) 45° θ

43. A projectile is thrown at an angle q such that it is

just able to cross a vertical wall as its highest point æ 2v2 tan q - 2v02 tan 2 q ö
as shown in the figure. The angle q at which the (a) ç 0 , ÷
è g g ø
projectile is thrown is given by
æ 2v2 2v2 tan 2 q ö
(b) ç 0 , 0 ÷
v0 è g g ø
H æ 2v2 tan q 2v02 ö
(c) ç 0 , ÷
è g g ø
θ
æ 2v2 tan 2 q 2v02 tan q ö
(d) ç 0 , ÷
√3 H è g g ø
æ 1 ö 47. A fighter plane enters inside the enemy territory,
(a) tan -1 ç ÷ (b) tan -1 3
è 3ø at time t = 0 with velocity v0 = 250 ms -1 and moves
æ 2 ö æ 3ö horizontally with constant acceleration a = 20 ms -2
(c) tan -1 ç ÷ (d) tan -1 ç ÷
è 3ø è 2 ø (see figure). An enemy tank at the border, spot the
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 99

plane and fire shots at an angle q = 60° with the 51. An aircraft, diving at an angle of 53.0° with the
horizontal and with velocity u = 600 ms -1. At what vertical releases a projectile at an altitude of
altitude H of the plane, it can be hit by the shot? 730 m. The projectile hits the ground 5.00 s after
being released. What is the speed of the aircraft?
(a) 282 ms -1
600 ms–1 (b) 202 ms -1
H (c) 182 ms -1
(d) 102 ms -1
θ=60
52. A bomber plane moves horizontally with a speed of
(a) 1500 3 m (b) 125 m 500 ms -1 and a bomb releases from it, strikes the
(c) 1400 m (d) 2473 m ground in 10 s. Angle at which it strikes the ground
will be ( g = 10 ms -2 )
48. A particle A is projected from the ground with an
æ1ö
initial velocity of 10 ms-1 at an angle of 60° with (a) tan -1 ç ÷
è5ø
horizontal. From what height h should an another
particle B be projected horizontally with velocity æ1ö
(b) tan ç ÷
5 ms-1, so that both the particles collide with è5ø
velocity 5 ms-1 on the ground at point C, if both are (c) tan -1 (1)
projected simultaneously? ( g = 10 ms-2 ) (d) tan -1 (5)
B
5 ms –1 53. A plane surface is inclined making an angle q with
the horizontal. From the bottom of this inclined
10 ms –1
plane, a bullet is fired with velocity v. The
h
maximum possible range of the bullet on the
inclined plane is
60°
C v2 v2
A (a) (b)
g g (1 + sin q)
(a) 10 m (b) 30 m
v2 v2
(c) 15 m (d) 25 m (c) (d)
g (1 - sin q) g (1 + sin q)2
49. A particle is projected with speed v at an angle
p
q æç0 < q < ö÷ above the horizontal from a height H
54. An aeroplane is flying in a horizontal direction with
è 2ø a velocity 600 kmh -1 at a height of 1960 m. When
above the ground. If v = speed with which particle it is vertically above the point A on the ground, a
hits the ground and t = time taken by particle to body is dropped from it. The body strikes the
reach ground, then ground at point B. Calculate the distance AB.
(a) as q increases, v decreases and t increases O
(b) as q increases, v increases and t increases v
(c) as q increases, v remains same and t increases
(d) as q increases, v remains same and t decreases h
50. A projectile A is thrown at an angle 30° to the
horizontal from point P. At the same time, another
projectile B is thrown with velocity v2 upwards from A B
the point Q vertically below the highest point A. If
(a) 3.33 km (b) 333 km
projectile B collides with projectile A, then the
v (c) 33.3 km (d) 3330 km
ratio 2 should be
v1 55. A ball is projected up an incline of 30° with a
velocity of 30 ms -1 at an angle of 30° with reference
v1
v2 to the inclined plane from the bottom of the
inclined plane. If g = 10 ms -2 , then the range on the
30°
P Q inclined plane is
3 1 2 (a) 12 m (b) 60 m
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d) (c) 120 m (d) 600 m
2 2 3
 ROUND II Mixed Bag
Only One Correct Option 7. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v
1. A ball projected from ground at an angle of 45° just making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The
clears a wall in front. If point of projection is 4 m magnitude of angular momentum of the projectile
from the foot of wall and ball strikes the ground at about the point of projection when the particle is at
a distance of 6 m on the other side of the wall, the its maximum height h is [AIEEE 2011]
height of the wall is [JEE Main 2013] 3 mv2
(a) (b) zero
(a) 4.4 m (b) 2.4 m 2 g
(c) 3.6 m (d) 1.6 m mv3 3 mv3
(c) (d)
2g 16 g
2. A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v at
angle q with horizontal. At the highest point, it 8. If a stone is to hit at a point which is at a distance d
explodes into two pieces of equal mass. One of the away and at a height h above the point from where
pieces retraces its path to the cannon. The speed of the stone starts, then what is the value of initial
the other piece just after explosion is speed u, if the stone is launched at an angle q?
(a) 3v cos q (b) 2v cos q u
3 3
(c) v cos q (d) v cos q
2 2
h
3. Figure shows four paths for a kicked football
ignoring the effects of air on the flight. Rank the θ
paths according to the initial horizontal velocity d
component highest first.
g d d g
(a) (b)
cos q 2 (d tan q - h ) cos q 2 (d tan q - h )

gd 2 gd 2
(c) (d)
h cos 2 q (d - h )
1 2 3 4
9. Two projectiles A and B are projected with same
speed at angles 15° and 75° respectively to the
(a) 1, 2, 3, 4 (b) 2, 3, 4, 1
maximum height and have same horizontal range.
(c) 3, 4, 1, 2 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1
If h be the maximum height and T total time of
4. Two second after projection, a projectile is flight of a projectile, then
travelling in a direction inclined at 30° to the (a) hA > hB (b) hA = hB
horizontal. After 1 more second, it is travelling
(c) TA < TB (d) TA > TB
horizontally (use g = 10 ms -2 ). The initial velocity of
its projection is 10. A projectile has the same range R for two angles of
(a) 10 ms -1 (b) 10 3 ms -1 projections. If T1 and T2 be the times of flight in the
(c) 20 ms -1 (d) 20 3 ms -1 two cases, then (using q as the angle of projection
corresponding to T1)
5. A projectile is given an initial velocity of (a) T1 T2 µ R (b) T1 T2 µ R 2
( $i + 2$j ) m/s, where $i is along the ground and $j is
along the vertical. If g = 10 m / s2 , the equation of (c) T1 /T2 = cot q (d) T1 /T2 = 1
its trajectory is [JEE Main 2013] 11. Two particles are projected in air with speed v0 at
(a) y = x - 5x2 (b) y = 2x - 5x2 angles q 1 and q 2 (both acute) to the horizontal,
(c) 4 y = 2x - 5x2 (d) 4 y = 2x - 25x2 respectively. If the height reached by the first
particle is greater than that of the second, then tick
6. A boy can throw a stone upto a maximum height of the right choices. [NCERT Exemplar]
10 m. The maximum horizontal distance that the (a) Angle of projection : q 1 < q 2
boy can throw the same stone upto will be (b) Time of flight : T1 > T2
[AIEEE 2012]
(a) 20 2 m (b) 10 m (c) Horizontal range : R1 > R2
(c) 10 2 (d) 20 m (d) Total energy : U 1 > U 2
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 101

12. The trajectory of a projectile in vertical plane is 18. A particle of mass m is projected with a velocity v at
y = ax - bx2 , where a and b are constants and x and an angle of 60° with horizontal. When the particle
y are respectively horizontal and vertical distances is at its maximum height, the magnitude of its
of the projectile from the point of projection. The angular momentum about the point of projection is
maximum height attained by the particle and the 3 mv3
(a) zero (b)
angle of projection from the horizontal are 16 g
b2 a2
(a) , tan -1 (b) (b) , tan -1 (2b) 3 mv2 3 mv2
4b b (c) (d)
16 g 3g
a2 2a 2
(c) , tan -1 (a ) (d) , tan -1 (a )
4b b 19. A stone is projected with a velocity 20 2 ms-1 at an
13. The speed of projection of a projectile is increased angle of 45° to the horizontal. The average velocity
by 10%, without changing the angle of projection. of stone during its motion from starting point to its
The percentage increase in the range will be maximum height is (Take, g = 10 ms-2 )
(a) 10% (b) 20% (a) 5 5 ms -1 (b) 10 5 ms -1
(c) 15% (d) 5% (c) 20 ms -1 (d) 20 5 ms -1
14. A body of mass 1 kg is projected with velocity 20. Average torque on a projectile of mass m, initial
50 m/s at an angle of 30° with the horizontal. At the speed u and angle of projection q, between initial
highest point of its path, a force 10 N starts acting and final position P and Q as shown in figure about
on body for 5 s vertically upward besides the point of projection is
gravitational force, what is horizontal range of the
Y
body? (Take, g = 10 m / s2 )
(a) 125 3 m (b) 200 3 m u
(c) 500 m (d) 250 3 m
15. A particle is projected with a velocity 200 ms -1 at θ
an angle of 60°. At the highest point, it explodes X
P Q
into three particles of equal masses. One goes
(a) mu 2 sin q (b) mu 2 cos q
vertically upwards with a velocity 100 ms -1, the
second particle goes vertically downwards. What is 1 1
(c) mu 2 sin 2 q (d) mu 2 cos 2 q
the velocity of third particle? 2 2
(a) 120 ms -1 making 60° angle with horizontal
21. After one second, the velocity of a projectile makes
(b) 200 ms -1 making 30° angle with horizontal an angle of 45° with the horizontal. After another
(c) 300 ms -1 one second, it is travelling horizontally. The
(d) 200 ms -1 magnitude of its initial velocity and angle of
projection are ( g = 10 ms -2 )
16. Two stones are projected with the same velocity in
magnitude but making different angles with the (a) 14.62 ms –1 , tan -1 (2) (b) 22.36 ms –1 , tan -1 (2)
horizontal. Their ranges are equal. If the angle of (c) 14.62 ms –1 , 60° (d) 22.36 ms –1 , 60°
p
projection of one is and its maximum height is y1,
3 22. A body is projected up over a smooth inclined plane
the maximum height of the other will be with a velocity v0 from the point A as shown in the
(a) 3 y1 (b) 2 y1 figure. The angle of inclination is 45° and top B of
the plane is connected to a well of diameter 40 m. If
y y
(c) 1 (d) 1 the body just manages to cross the well, what is the
2 3
value of v0 ? Length of the inclined plane is 20 2 m,
17. A car is travelling at a velocity of 10 kmh -1 on a and g = 10 ms -2 .
straight road. The driver of the car throws a parcel B C
with a velocity of 10 2 kmh -1 when the car is
45°
passing by a man standing on the side of the road.
If the parcel is to reach the man, the direction of
A
throw makes the following angle with direction of
the car
(a) 135° (b) 45° 40 m
-1 æ 1 ö (a) 20 ms -1
(b) 20 2 ms -1
(c) tan ( 2) 60° (d) tan ç ÷
è 2ø (c) 40 ms -1 (d) 40 2 ms -1
102 JEE Main Physics

23. A projectile is launched with a speed of 10 m/s at 27. A ball thrown by one player reaches the other in 2s.
an angle 60° with the horizontal from a sloping The maximum value of height (in m) attained by
surface of inclination 30°. The range R is. the ball above the point of projection will be
(Take, g = 10 m / s2 ) ( Take, g = 10 ms -2 ) …… .
10 m/s
28. Two stones are projected with the same velocity but
60° making different angles with the horizontal. Their
ranges are equal. If angle of projection of one is 30°
R and its maximum height is y, then the maximum
30° height of other will be ny, where value of n will be
…… .
(a) 4.9 m (b) 13.3 m (c) 9.1 m (d) 12.6 m
29. When the angle of projection is 75°, a ball falls 10
24. A tennis ball (treated as hollow spherical shell) m shorter of the target. When the angle of
starting from O rolls down a hill. At point A, the projection is 45°, it falls 10 m ahead of the target.
ball becomes air borne leaving at an angle of 30°
Both are projected from the same point with the
with the horizontal. The ball strikes the ground at
same speed in the same direction, the distance of
B. What is the value of the distance AB?
the target (in m) from the point of projection is
(Moment of inertia of a spherical shell of mass m ……… .
2
and radius R about its diameter = mR2 )
3 30. A marble starts falling from rest on a smooth
[JEE Main 2013]
O inclined plane of inclination a. After covering a
distance h, the ball rebounds off the plane. The
distance from the impact point where the ball
2.0m rebounds for the second time nh sin a. Here, the
30º value of n is …… .
0.2m A B

h
(a) 1.87 m (b) 2.08 m (c) 1.57 m (d) 1.77 m
25. A projectile is fired with a velocity v at right angle
α
to the slope which is inclined at an angle q with the
horizontal. What is the range covered by the
projectile? 31. The projectile motion of a particle of mass 5g is
2v2
v2 shown in the figure.
(a) tan q (b) tan q
g g

2v2 2v2 45°

(c) sec q (d) tan q sec q 45°
g g A B

Numerical Value Questions The initial velocity of the particle is 5 2 ms -1 and

26. An aeroplane in a level flight at 144 kmh -1 is at an the air resistance is assumed to be negligible. The
altitude of 1000 m. The value of distance (in m) magnitude of the change in momentum between
from which the body should be released to hit the the points A and B is x ´ 10-2 kg-ms -1. The value of
given target will be ……… . x, to the nearest integer,is ……… . [JEE Main 2021]
 Answers
Round I
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (d) 37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (d)
41. (c) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (d) 45. (a) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (c) 49. (c) 50. (c)
51. (b) 52. (a) 53. (b) 54. (a) 55. (b)

Round II
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. 571.43 27. 5 28. 3 29. 30 30. 8
31. 5

Solutions
Round I 4. Equating velocities along the vertical,
dy dx v2 = v1 sin 30°
1. vy = = 8 - 10 t , vx = =6
dt dt v2 1
or =
At t = 0, vy = 8 m /s and vx = 6 m/s v1 2
\ v = vx2 + vy2 = 10 m/s 5. As, v¢ cos b = v cos q
(Qhorizontal component of velocities are always equal.)
2. vx = 8t - 2 or v¢ = v cos q sec b
dx
or = 8t - 2 6. As, v cos b = u cos a
dt
x t (Qhorizontal component of velocities are always equal.)
or ò14 dx = ò2 (8t - 2)dt u cos a
\ v=
or x - 14 = [4t 2 - 2t ]t2 = 4t 2 - 2t - 12 cos b
or x = 4t 2 - 2t + 2 …(i) 7. v2 = vy2 + vx2
Further, vy = 2
dy or 5 g = (uy - gt )2 + ux2
or =2
dt or 50 = (5 3 - 10 t )2 + (5)2
y t
\ ò4 dy = ò2 2 dt \ (5 3 - 10 t ) = ± 5
or y-4 = [2t ]t2 = 2t - 4 5 3 -5
t1 =
10
or y = 2t
y 5 3 +5
or t= …(ii) and t2 =
2 10
Substituting the value of t from Eq. (ii) in Eq. (i), we \ t2 - t1 = 1 s
have 8. Instantaneous velocity of rising mass after t s will be
x = y2 - y + 2
vt = vx2 + vy2
3. Since y = x2 , the motion is in two dimensions. Velocity
where, vx = v cos q = Horizontal component of velocity
at B is greater than at P. In the given motion of a
particle, the law of conservation of energy is obeyed. vy = v sin q - gt = Vertical component of velocity
Therefore, total energy at P = total energy at A. As vt = (v cos q)2 + (v sin q - gt )2
vertical distance AB > BP , time of travel from A to B is
greater than that from B to P. v = v2 + g 2 t 2 - (2v sin q) gt
104 JEE Main Physics

9. x = 36 t 12. At 45°, vx = vy
dx or ux = uy - gt
\ vx = = 36
dt uy - ux 40(sin 60° - sin 30° )
\ t= = = 1.5 s
y = 48 t - 4.9 t 2 g 9.8
dy
\ vy = = 48 - 9.8 t 13. Let v be the velocity of particle when it makes 30° with
dt horizontal, then
At t = 0, vx = 36 m/s y v
and vy = 48 m/s
æ vy ö
So, angle of projection, q = tan -1 ç ÷ 30°
è vx ø v cos 30°

30
æ 48 ö x

°
= tan - 1 ç ÷ g g cos 30°
è 36 ø
æ4ö v cos 30° = u cos 60°
= tan -1 ç ÷ æ1ö
è3ø (20)ç ÷
u cos 60° è 2 ø 20
æ4ö or v= = = ms -1
or q = sin -1 ç ÷ cos 30° æ 3ö 3
è5ø ç ÷
è 2 ø
10. Given, g = 10 m/s 2
v2
Equation of trajectory of the projectile, Now, g cos 30° =
R
y = 2 x - 9 x2 …(i) 2
æ 20 ö
In projectile motion, equation of trajectory is given by ç ÷
v 2
è 3ø
g x2 or R= = = 15.4 m
y = x tan q0 - 2 …(ii) g cos 30° 3
2v0 cos 2 q0 (10)
2
By comparison of Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
2h 2 ´ 490
tan q0 = 2 …(iii) 14. t = = = 100 = 10 s
g 9.8
g g
and = 9 or v02 = …(iv) æ 5ö -1 500
2v02 2
cos q0 9 ´ 2 cos 2 q0 x = vt = ç60 ´ ÷ ms ´ 10 s = m
è 18 ø 3
From Eq. (iii), we can get value of cosq and sin q
1 2 u 2 sin 2 q 2u sin q
cos q0 = and sin q0 = …(v) 15. H = and T =
5 5 2g g
2
4 u sin 2 q
Þ T2 =
g2
√5 2
2 T 8
\ =
H g
θ0
1 8H 2H
Þ T= =2
g g
Using value of cos q0 from Eq. (v) to Eq. (iv), we get
10 ´ ( 5 )2 10 ´ 5 2 uy
v02 = = 16. T =
2 ´ (1)2 ´ 9 2 ´ 9 g
25 5 gT
Þ v02 = or v0 = m/s …(vi) \ uy = = 25 m/s
9 3 2
From Eq. (v), we get uy2 (25)2
Now, H = = = 31.25 m
æ 1 ö 2g 20
q0 = cos -1 ç ÷
è 5ø
Further, R = uxT
u 2 sin 2 ´ 15° R
11. Here, 50 = \ ux = = 40 m /s
g T
2
u 50 50
or = = = 100 17. As x increases, kinetic energy initially decreases till
g sin 30° 1/2
the highest point of projectile, because vertical
u 2 sin 2 ´ 45° u 2 component of velocity is decreasing (horizontal
R= = = 100 m
g g velocity remains same).
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 105

At maximum height, kinetic energy becomes minimum 24. Q y = 10t - t 2 (Given)

but not zero, because of some horizontal velocity. Thus
d d d 2
after that, kinetic energy (KE) again increases with vy ( y) = (10t ) - (t ) = 10 - 2t
horizontal displacement (x) as magnitude of dt dt dt
y-component of velocity increases on falling down. At maximum height, vy = 0
This is depicted in option (c). \ 10 - 2t = 0
18. For same target, there are two angle of projection, or 2t = 10 or t = 5 s
æp ö \ y = (10 ´ 5 - 5 ´ 5) = 25 m
if one is q, then other is ç - q÷ , hence required angle
è2 ø
v2 sin 2q 3v2
p 5 p 18 p - 5 p 25. As, =
= - = g 2g
2 36 36 3
13 p or sin 2q =
= rad 2
36 or 2q = 60°
3E or q = 30°
19. As, E k ¢ = E k cos 2 30° = k
4 Let us cross check with the help of data for vertical
4
20. Given, ux = u cos q0 = 30 ´ = 24 m /s range.
5
v2 sin 2 q v2 1
3 = or sin 2 q =
and uy sin q0 = 30 ´ = 18 m/s 2g 8g 4
5
After 1 s, ux will remain as it is and uy will decrease by 1
or sin q =
10 m/s or it will remain 8 m/s. 2
vy 8 1 or q = 30°
\ tan q = = =
ux 24 3 26. Change in momentum is the product of force and time.
2u sin q æ Dp ö
21. Since, range is given to be same, therefore the other Dp = mg ´ çQ F = ÷
g è Dt ø
angle is (90° - 30° ), i. e. 60°.
v2 sin 2 30° 1 é v2 ù = 2mv sin q = 2mv sin 45° [Q Here u = v]
H = = ê ú 2mv
2g 4 ë2gû = = 2 mv
2
v2 sin 2 60° 3 é v2 ù
H¢ = = ê ú 27. Let v be the velocity of projection and q the angle of
2g 4 ë2gû
projection.
H¢ 3 4 Kinetic energy at highest point
= ´ = 3 or H ¢ = 3H
H 4 1 1
= mv2 cos 2 q or E k cos 2 q
v2 sin 2q 2v sin q 2
22. R = = 200, T = =5
g g Potential energy at highest point
Dividing, we get = E k - E k cos 2 q
v2 ´ 2 sin q cos q g 200 = E k (1 - cos 2 q)
´ = = 40 = E k sin 2 q
g 2v sin q 5
or v cos q = 40 ms -1 28. Using, v2 - u 2 = 2as, we get
v2
It may be noted here that the horizontal component of s=
the velocity of projection remains the same during the 2g
flight of the projectile. v2 sin 2q v2
Now, =
23. As the kinetic energy of a projectile at the highest, point g 2g
is equal to half of the initial kinetic energy, so 1
or sin 2q =
1 2
(KE)H = (KE)i é 1ù
2 or sin 2q = sin 30° êëQ sin 30° = 2 úû
1 1 æ1 ö 1
mv2 cos 2 q = ç mv2÷ = mv2 or q = 15°
2 2 è2 ø 4
1 1
29. uy = u sin 30°
or cos 2 q = or cos q =
2 2 uy 80°
Þ u= = = 160 ms -1
or q = 45° sin 30° 1 /2
106 JEE Main Physics

3 33. Since, v1 ^ v2
\ux = u cos 30° = 160 ´ = 80 3 ms -1
2
\ v1 × v2 = 0
2uy 2 ´ 80
T= = = 16 s or (u1$i - gt$j ) × (- u2$i - gt$j ) = 0
g 10
\ g 2 t 2 = u1 u2
T
At t = = 4 s, vx = 80 3 ms -1 u1 u2
4 or t=
vy = 80 - 10 ´ 4 = 40 ms -1 g
\ v = (80 3 )2 + (40)2 = 144.2 ms -1 34. Horizontal range of a projectile is given by
u 2 sin 2q
» 140 ms -1 R=
g
v2 sin 2q
30. As, R = If q = 45°, then R is maximum and is equal to
g
u2
In the given problem, v2 sin 2q = constant Rmax =
g
2
æ vö v2 é v ù Given, Rmax = 100 m
v2 sin 2q = ç ÷ sin 30° = êëQ v = 2 and q = 15° úû
è2ø 8 u2
\ 100 = …(i)
1 æ1ö g
or sin 2q = or 2q = sin -1 ç ÷
8 è8ø
When cricketer throws the ball vertically upward, then
1 æ1ö ball goes upto height H.
or q = sin -1 ç ÷
2 è8ø Using equation of motion,
31. Here, v = 6i$ + 8$j ms -1 v2 = u 2 + 2as
(0)2 = u 2 + 2(- g )H
u2 1 æ u2 ö
or H = = ç ÷
10 8
2g 2 è g ø
1
= ´ 100 [using Eq. (i)]
2
θ
= 50 m
6
Comparing with v = vx i$ + vy $j, we get 35. Horizontal component = u cos q
Vertical component = u sin q
vx = 6 ms -1 g = - 10 ms -2, u = 50 ms -1 , h = 5 m, t = 2 s
-1
and vy = 8 ms 1
h = uy t + gt 2
Also, v2 = vx2 + vy2 2

= 36 + 64 = 100
or v = 10 ms -1 θ
8 6 1
sin q = and cos q = \ 5 = 50 sin q - ´ 10 ´ 4
10 10 2
v2 sin 2q 2v2 sin q cos q or 5 = 50 sin q - 20
R= =
g g 25 1
or sin q = =
8 6 1 50 2
R = 2 ´ 10 ´ 10 ´ ´ ´ m = 9.6 m
10 10 10 \ q = 30°
1
32. h = v sin qt - gt 2 36. Given, initial velocity (u ) = 40 m/s
2
1 2 Height of the hall (H ) = 25 m
or gt - v sin qt + h = 0
2 Let the angle of projection of the ball be q, when
- v sin q maximum height attained by it is 25 m.
t1 + t2 = -
1 Maximum height attained by the ball,
g
2 u 2 sin 2 q
2v sin q H =
or t1 + t2 = =T 2g
g
(40)2 sin 2 q
25 =
T = (1 + 3) s = 4 s 2 ´ 9.8
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 107

25 ´ 2 ´ 9.8 2h = (ux ) (Dt )

or sin 2 q = = 0.3063
1600 2h
or sin q = 0.5534 = sin 33.6° or ux = …(i)
Dt
or q = 33.6° 1 2
u 2 sin 2q Further, h = uy t - gt
\ Horizontal range (R) = 2
g
2 or gt 2 - 2uy t + 2h = 0
(40) sin 2 ´ 33.6°
= 2uy + 4uy2 - 8 gh
9.8
\ t1 =
1600 ´ sin 67.2° 2g
=
9.8
1600 ´ 0.9219 2uy - 4uy2 - 8 gh
= and t2 =
9.8 2g
= 150.5 m
4uy2 - 8 gh
37. The velocity of the particle at any time t Dt = t1 - t 2 =
g
v = v0 + a t
The x-component is vx = vox + a x t g (Dt )2
2
or uy2 = + 2 gh
The y-component is vy = voy + a x = (-0.5 t ) ms -1 4
When the particle reaches its maximum x-coordinate, Given, ux2 + uy2 = (2 gh )2
vx = 0.
4h 2 g 2(Dt )2
i.e. 3 - t =0 Þ t =3s \ 2
+ + 2 gh = 4 gh
(Dt ) 4
The y-component of the velocity of this time is
vy = - 0.5 ´ 3 = -1.5 ms -1 g2
(Dt )4 - 2 gh (Dt )2 + 4h 2 = 0
4
H1 + H 2
38. As, H 1 - H 2 = 2 gh ± 4 g 2h 2 - 4 g 2h 2 4h
2 (Dt )2 = =
or H1 = 3 H 2 g 2/ 2 g

ì u 2 sin 2 (90° - q)ü h

u sin 2 q
2
or Dt = 2
\ = 3í ý g
2g î 2g þ
Displacement
tan 2 q = 3 41. Average velocity =
Time
\ tan q = 3 R2
H2 +
or q = 60° vav = 4 …(i)
T/2
Therefore, the other angle is (90° - q) or 30°.
y
Hence, when angle of projection is 30°, then stone
attains smaller height.
H
39. Given, R = H
x
u 2 sin 2a u 2 sin 2 a R/2
= v sin 2 q
2
g 2g Here, H = maximum height = ,
sin 2 a 2g
or 2 sin a cos a = v2 sin 2q
2 R = range = ,
sin a g
or =4
cos a 2v sin q
and T = time of light =
or tan a = 4 g
\ a = tan -1 (4) Substituting in Eq. (i), we get
v
40. Let Dt be the time interval, then vav = 1 + 3 cos 2 q
2
y 42. According to question,
v u2
Rmax = R0 = = 40
g
uy
θ Þ u 2 = 40 ´ g = 40 ´ 10 = 400
x
ux 2h Þ u = 20 m/s
108 JEE Main Physics

When the car is moving : We will take ground as a 46. Range of the projectile on an inclined plane (down the
frome of reference, plane) is,
In ground frame; Range u2
2ux uy R= [sin(2a + b ) + sin b ]
R= g cos 2 b
g
Here, u = v0 , a = 0 and b = q
2 (20 + u cos q) u sin q
Þ R= 2v2 sin q
g \ R= 0 2
dR g cos q
Range R will be maximum, if =0 v2
dq
2[20u cos q + u 2(cos 2 q - sin 2 q)] θ
Þ =0
g
R
Þ 20 cos q + u (cos 2 q - sin 2 q) = 0
Þ 20 cos q + (2 cos 2 q - 1)u = 0
Þ 20 cos q + 40 cos 2 q - 20 = 0 [Q u = 20 m/s] θ
2
Þ 2 cos q + cos q - 1 = 0
1 2v02 tan q
Þ cos q = - 1, Now, x = R cos q =
2 g
1 2v02 tan 2 q
Þ cos q = and y = - R sin q = -
2 g
Þ q = 60°
R /2 3H 47. If it is being hit, then
43. = = 3 1 2
H H d = v0t + at = (u cos q)t
2
(v02 sin q cos q)/ g
or = 3 (Q acceleration in horizontal direction is zero)
(v02 sin 2 q)/2 g
2 cot q = 3
2 Q
tan q =
3 600 ms–1
æ 2 ö
or q = tan -1 ç ÷ H
è 3ø

44. Maximum height and time of flight depend on the θ =60°

vertical component of initial velocity. d
H 1 = H 2 Þ uy1 = uy2
u cos q - v0
Here T1 = T2 or t=
a /2
u 2 sin 2q 2(u sin q) (u cos q) 1
Range R= = 600 ´ - 250
g g 2
\ t= =5s
2ux uy 10
= 1
g H = (u sin q)t - ´ gt 2
R2 > R1 2
\ ux2 > ux1 or u2 > u1 3 1
= 600 ´ ´ 5 - ´ 10 ´ 25
2h 2 2
45. t = H = 2473 m
g
Distance from the foot of the tower 48. Horizontal component of velocity of A is 10 cos 60° or
2h 5 ms -1 which is equal to the velocity of B in horizontal
d = vt = v = 250 m direction. They will collide at C, if time of flight of the
g
particles are equal or tA = tB
v
When velocity = and height of tower = 4h, then 2u sin q 2h æ 1 2ö
2 = çQ h = gtB ÷
g g è 2 ø
v 2(4h )
distance x = 2
2 g æ 3ö
2(10)2ç ÷
2h
2 2
2u sin q è 2 ø
x=v = 250 m or h= = = 15 m
g g 10
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 109

49. From figure, \ Angle with which it strikes the ground,

æ vy ö æ 100 ö
v 0 sin q = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan -1 ç ÷
v0 è vx ø è 500 ø
θ æ1ö
g v 0 cos θ
q = tan -1 ç ÷
è5ø
H 53. As, vx = v cos(a - q); vy = v sin(a - q)
a x = - g sin q; a y = - g cos q
Ground
If T is the time of flight, then
1 2 X
H = (- v0 sin q)t + gt A
2
θ
v in

g cos θ
vx = v0 cos q Y gs
vy2 = (v0 sin q)2 + 2 gH α–θ g
α
v= vx2 + vy2 at ground θ
O B
v = v02 + 2 gH
2v sin(a - q)
It means speed is independent of angle of projection. T=
1 2 g cos q
Also, gt = H + t v0 sin q
2 Again, OB = v cos a ´ T
From this we can say that as q increases, t increases. OB
Now, cos q =
OA
50. Vertical component of velocity of A should be equal to
OB
vertical velocity of B. or OA =
cos q
or v1 sin 30° = v2
v cos a × T
v1 or OA =
or = v2 cos q
2
2v sin(a - q) 1
v2 1 or OA = v cos a ´ ´
\ = g cos q cos q
v1 2
v2
51. Since, the projectile is released, therefore, its initial or OA = [2 sin(a - q) cos a ]
g cos 2 q
velocity is same as the velocity of the plane at the time
of release. v2
or OA = [sin (2a - q) + sin (- q)]
Take the origin at the point of release. g cos 2 q
Let x and y(= - 730 m) be the coordinates of the point on v2
or OA = [sin(2a - q) - sin q]
the ground where the projectile hits and let t be the time g cos 2 q
when it hits. Then,
1 Clearly, the range R (= OA ) will be maximum when
y = - v0 t cos q - gt 2 sin(2a - q) is maximum, i. e. 1. This would mean
2
where, q = 53.0° p q p
2a - q = or a = +
1 2 2 4
y + gt 2
This equation gives v0 = - 2 Maximum range up the inclined plane,
t cos q
v2 v2(1 - sin q)
1
-730 + (9.8) (5)2 Rmax = 2
(1 - sin q) =
2 g cos q g (1 - sin 2 q)
= = 202 ms -1
5 cos 53° v2(1 - sin q) v2
-1 = =
52. Horizontal component of velocity, vx = 500 ms and g (1 - sin q) (1 + sin q) g (1 + sin q)
vertical component of velocity while striking the ground 1 2
vy = 0 + 10 ´ 10 = 100 ms -1 54. From h = gt ,
2
u =500 ms –1 2hOA 2 ´ 1960
We have tOB = = = 20 s
g 9.8
Horizontal distance, AB = vtOB
500 ms –1
θ æ 5ö
= ç600 ´ ÷ (20) = 3333.33 m = 3.33 km
è 18 ø
100 ms –1
110 JEE Main Physics

2 ´ 30 ´ 30 sin 30° cos 60° Equation of trajectory of projectile,

55. R =
10 cos 2 30° gx2 æ y 2 ö
y = x tan q - 2 (1 + tan 2 q) ç tan q = = = 2÷
1 1 2 ´2 2v è x 1 ø
= 180 ´ ´ ´ m = 60 m
2 2 3
10 (x)2
\ y = x ´2 - [1 + (2)2]
Round II 2 ( 5 )2
u 2 sin 2q 10 (x2)
1. As range = 10 = Þ u 2 = 10 g = 2x - (1 + 4) = 2x - 5x2
g 2 ´5
v
6. Maximum speed with which the boy can throw stone is
Wall u = 2 gh = 2 ´ 10 ´ 10 = 10 2 m/s
45º
4m 10 m Range is maximum when projectile is thrown at an
angle of 45°, thus
\ u = 10 m/s (as g = 10 m/s 2)
u 2 (10 2 )2
1 gx2 Rmax = = = 20 m
y = x tan q - g 10
2 2v0 cos 2 q
2

1 g ´ 16 7. Angular momentum of the projectile as given by

= 4 tan 45° -
2 2 v02 cos 2 45° L = mvhr^ = m (v cos q) h
1 10 ´ 16 v
=4 ´1 -
2 2 ´ 10 ´ 10 ´ 1
h
2 30°
= 4 - 0.8 where, h is the maximum height.
= 3.2 » 3.6 m æ v2 sin 2 q ö
= m (v cos q) ç ÷
2. According to law of conservation of linear momentum at è 2g ø
the highest point,
mv3 sin 2 q cos q 3 mv3
m m L= =
mv cos q = (- v cos q) + v1 2g 16 g
2 2
1 2
or v1 = 3 v cos q 8. h = (u sin q)t - gt
2
u 2 sin 2q 2 ux uy
d
3. R = = d = (u cos q)t or t=
g g u cos q
\Range µ horizontal initial velocity component (ux ) d 1 d2
In path 4, range is maximum of football and has h = u sin q × - g× 2
u cos q 2 u cos 2 q
maximum horizontal velocity component in this path.
2u d g
u=
4. Time of flight, T = y cos q 2(d tan q - h )
g
gT 10 ´ 6 9. For qA = 15° and qB = 75° , RA = RB
uy = = = 30 ms -1
2 2 uA = uB ,
Vertical velocity after 2s, vy = uy - gT hA uA2 sin 2 qA æ sin 15° ö
2

= 30 - 10 ´ 2 But = =ç ÷ <1
hB uB2 sin 2 qB è sin 75° ø
= 30 - 20 = 10 ms -1
or hA < hB
According to question,
TA uA sin qA sin 15°
vy 10 Again, = = <1
tan 30° = = TB uB sin qB sin 75°
ux ux
10 or TA < TB
or ux = = 10 3 ms -1
tan 30° 10. Horizontal range is same when angle of projection is q
and (90° - q).
\ u= ux2 + uy2 2
= (10 3 ) + (30) 2
u 2 sin 2 q 2 u 2 sin q cos q
-1
\ R= =
= 20 3 ms g g
When angle of projection is q,
5. Initial velocity, v = (i$ + 2$j) m/s
2 u sin q
T1 =
Magnitude of velocity, v = (1)2 + (22) = 5 m/s g
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 111

When angle of projection is (90° - q), 14. For 5 s, weight of the body is balanced by the given force.
2 u sin (90° - q) 2 u cos q Hence, it will move in a straight line as shown below.
T2 = =
g g
4 u 2 sin q cos q æ 2 u 2 sin q cos q ö æ 2 ö 2 R
\ T1 T2 = =ç ÷ç ÷=
g2 è g ø è gø g
\ T1 T2 µ R
T1 2 u sin q / g 5s
and = = tan q
T2 2 u cos q / g 2
u sin 2 q
R= + (u cos q) (5)
v2 sin 2 q g
11. Height, h = 0 , i. e. h µ sin 2 q
2 g, (50)2 × sin 60°
= + (50 ´ cos 30° ) (5) = 250 3 m
h1 sin 2 q1 10
\ = >1
h2 sin 2 q2
15. If a particle is projected with velocity u at an angle q
So, sin 2 q1 > sin 2 q2 with the horizontal, the velocity of the particle at the
or q1 > q2 highest point is
2v0 sin q v = u cos q = 200 cos 60° = 100 ms -1
Time of flight, T =
g If m is the mass of the particle, then its initial
or T µ sin q momentum at highest point in the horizontal direction
= mv = m ´ 100. It means at the highest point, initially
T1 sin q1
\ = >1 the particle has no momentum in vertically upward or
T2 sin q2 downward direction. Therefore, after explosion, the
or T1 > T2 final momentum of the particles going upward and
downward must be zero.
u 2 sin 2q
Horizontal range, R= Hence, the final momentum after explosion is the
g
momentum of the third particle, in the horizontal
or R µ sin 2q direction. If the third particle moves with velocity v¢ ,
R1 sin 2q1 mv¢
\ = £1 then its momentum becomes . According to law of
R2 sin 2q2 3
or R1 £ R2 conservation of linear momentum, we have
mv¢
Total energy of each particle will be equal to KE of = m ´ 100 or v¢ = 300 ms -1.
3
each particle at the time of its projection.
16. Given, q1 = p / 3 = 30°
12. y = ax - bx2
Horizontal range is same if q1 + q2 = 90°
For height of y to be maximum,
\ q2 = 90° - 30° = 60°
dy
=0 u 2 sin 2 30°
dx y1 =
or a - 2bx = 0 2g

x=
a u 2 sin 2 60°
or and y2 =
2b 2g 2
æaö æaö
2
a2 æ 1 ö
\ ymax = a ç ÷ - bç ÷ =
è 2b ø è 2b ø y2 sin 30° ç
2 ÷
2 ÷ =1
4b \ = =ç
æ dy ö y1 sin 2 60° ç 3÷ 3
and ç ÷ = a = tan q ç ÷
è dx ø x = 0 è 2 ø
y1
or y2 =
where, q = angle of projection 3
\ q = tan -1 (a ). 17. Let v1 be the velocity of the car and v2 be the velocity of
u 2 sin 2 q the parcel. The parcel is thrown at an angle q from O, it
13. H =
2g reaches the man at M.
2u sin 2 q M
dH = du
2g
v2
dH 2du 1
\ = =2 ´
H u 10
dH 2
\% increase in H = ´ 100 = ´ 100 = 20% O v1 A
H 10
112 JEE Main Physics

v1 10 1 21. Time of flight of this particle, T = 4 s. If u is its initial

\ cos q = = = = cos 45°
v2 10 2 2
speed and q is the angle of projection, then
So, q = 45° 2u sin q
T =4 =
v2 sin 2 60° v2 3 3 v2 g
18. Maximum height, H = = ´ =
2g 2g 4 8g or u sin q = 2 g …(i)
Momentum of particle at highest point, After 1 s, the velocity vector particle makes an angle of
mv 45° with horizontal, so vx = vy
p = mv cos 60° =
2 i. e. , u cos q = (u sin q) - gt
mv 3 v2
3 mv3 or u cos q = 2 g - g (\ t = 1 s )
Angular momentum = pH = ´ =
2 8g 16 g or u cos q = g …(ii)
Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
19. When projectile is at A, the given situation can be
shown as u 2 = 5 g 2 = 5(10)2 = 500
A or u = 500 = 22.36 ms -1
u Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we have
tan q = 2 or q = tan -1 (2)
θ 22. Let v be the velocity acquired by the body at B which will
O
R/2 C B
be moving and making an angle 45° with the horizontal
R 1 u2 v2
OC = = sin 2q direction. As the body just crosses the well, so = 40
2 2 g g
1 (20 2 )2 or v2 = 40 g = 40 ´ 10 = 400
=
´ sin 2 ´ 45° = 40 m
2 10 or v = 20 ms -1
u 2 sin 2 q (20 2 )2 Taking motion of the body from A to B along the
AC = H = = sin 2 45° = 20 m
2g 2 ´ 10 inclined plane, we have
10
\Displacement, OA = OC 2 + CA 2 = 402 + 202 u = v0 , a = - g sin 45° = - ms -2,
2
Time of projectile from O to A s = 20 2 m, v = 20 ms -1
1 æ 2u sin q ö u sin q
= ç ÷= As v = u 2 + 2as
2
2è g ø 2g
æ 10 ö
(20 2 )sin 45° \ 400 = v02 + 2 ç - ÷ ´ 20 2
= =2s è 2ø
10
or v02 = 400 + 400 = 800
Displacement 402 + 202
\ Average velocity = = or v = 20 2 ms -1
Time 2
= 10 5 ms -1 23. At B,S y = 0
y
2u sin q
20. Time of flight, t =
g
10 m/s
u 2 sin 2q x
Horizontal range, R = A
g
Change in angular momentum,
B
|dL| = (Lf - Li ) about point of projection
30°
u 2 sin 2q
= (mu sin q) ´
g 1
mu3 sin q sin 2q \ uy t + ay t2 = 0
= 2
g 2 uy - 2 (10) 4
Change in angular momentum or t=- = = s
Torque,|t| = ay -10 ´ 3 /2 3
Time of flight
1
dL mu3 sin q × 2 sin q × cos q g Now, AB = R = axt2
= = ´ 2
T g 2u sin q
1 1æ 1 ö æ 16 ö
or t = mu 2 sin 2 q = ç10 ´ ÷ ç ÷ = 13.33 m
2 2è 2ø è 3 ø
Kinematics II (Projectile Motion) 113

24. Total mechanical energy at O = mgh = 2 mg u 2 sin 2 30° u 2(1 / 2)2

According to question, y = =
2g 2g
Now, total mechanical energy at A
æ u 2 sin 2 60° u 2(3 3/2)2
1 k2 ö And y¢ = =
= mv2 ç1 + 2 ÷ + 0.2 mgh 2g 2g
2 è R ø
y¢
Since, total mechanical energy is conserved \ = 3 or y¢ = 3 y
y
1 æ k2 ö u 2 sin 2 ´ 75°
Þ mv2 ç1 + 2 ÷ + 0.2 mgh = 2 mg 29. If range is R then, = R - 10 ...(i)
2 è R ø g
æ æ 2ö ö
2
u 2 sin 2 ´ 45°
ç çR ÷ ÷ and = R + 10
1 2ç è 5ø ÷ g
Þ v ç1 + ÷ + 0.2 g = 2 g
2 ç R2 ÷ u2
or = R + 10
ç ÷ g
è ø
é 2 ù From Eq. (i), (R + 10) sin 150° = R - 10
êQ k = R for spherical sphereú 1
ë 5 û or (R + 10) = R - 10
1 2é 2ù 2
é 7ù
Þ v ê1 + ú + 2 = 20 Þ v2 ê ú = 36 or R = 30 m
2 ë 5û ë5û
36 ´ 5 180 30. Velocity before strike, u = 2 gh
Þ v= = = 5.1 m/s
7 7 Component of acceleration along the inclined plane
Now, range of projectile = g sin a and the perpendicular component = g cos a
u 2 sin 2q (5.1)2 sin 60° 1
Range = = » 2.08 m Using s = ut + at 2,
g 10 2
For vertical direction, we get
25. We know that the range of projectile projected with 1
velocity u, making an angle q with the horizontal 0 = v cos at - g cos at 2
direction up the inclined plane, whose inclination with 2
the horizontal direction is q0 , is and for horizontal direction,
u2 1
R= [sin(2q - q0 ) - sin q0 ] x = u sin at + g sin at 2
g cos 2 q0 2
Here, u = v, q = (90° + q), q0 = q 2u 1 æ 2u ö
2
æ 2u ö
v2 = u sin a + g sin a ç ÷ çQ t = ÷
\ R= {sin[2(90° + q)] - q} - sin q} g 2 è gø è gø
g cos 2 q0
2u 2 sin a 2u 2 sin a
v2 = +
= [sin(180° + q) - sin q] g g
g cos 2 q0
4 u 2 sin a 2 gh ´ sin a
v2 2v2 = =4 ´ = 8h sin a
=- 2 sin q = - tan q sec q g g
g cos 2 q0 g
2v2 31. u
Þ R= tan q (in magnitude)
g
144 ´ 1000 45°
26. Horizontal velocity, u = = 40 ms -1
60 ´ 60 45°
v
Time of flight, T = 2h/g = 2 ´ 1000/9.8
|u| = |v|
Horizontal range = 40 2 ´ 1000/9.8 = 571.43 m
u = u cos 45i$ + u sin 45$j …(i)
2u sin q u sin q
27. Given, T = =2 or =1 v = v cos 45i$ - v sin 45$j …(ii)
g g
Maximum height, |Dp| = |m (v - u )|
u sin q g æ u sin q ö 10
2 2 2 2 Dp = 2mu sin 45° [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
H = = ç ÷= ´ 12 = 5 m -3 1
2g 2 è g2 ø 2 = 2 ´ 5 ´ 10 ´5 2 ´
2
28. As horizontal range of the two stones is same. So the = 50 ´ 10- 3 = 5 ´ 10- 2
sum of angles of projection of two stones must be 90°,
\ x=5
30° + q = 90° or q = 60°.