cell sl [47 marks]

1. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.1

The micrograph shows two types of blood cell.

What determines the differences between the two types of cell?

A. Different number of mitotic cycles

B. Different expression of some genes

C. Reaction to oxygen of red blood cells

D. Reaction to antigens of white blood cells

[1]

2. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.2

What is a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A. Cell walls are found only in prokaryotes.

B. Naked DNA with histones is found only in prokaryotes.

C. Compartmentalization is found only in eukaryotes.

D. Cilia and flagella are found only in prokaryotes.

[1]

3. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.4
 Onion (Allium cepa) epidermis was placed in pure water and observed with a light
microscope using high magnification.

What would happen to these cells if they were transferred to a hypertonic solution?

A. Cells would gain mass.

B. Cells would take in water by osmosis and swell.

C. Cells would burst open, releasing their content.

D. Cell membranes would detach from walls at some points.

[1]

4. 23M.1.SL.TZ1.25

The light micrograph shows the structure of blood vessels in a muscle.

 [Source: Calvo, J.L., n.d. [image online] Available at: https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/muscular-artery-veinnervebundles-

surrounded-785176687 [Accessed 12 January 2022].]

Which blood vessel is shown by X?

A. A vein

B. An artery

C. An arteriole

D. A capillary

[1]

5. 23M.1.SL.TZ2.2

What cell component is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells?

A. Mitochondria for respiration

B. DNA containing genetic information

C. Ribosomes for protein synthesis

D. Cell wall to maintain shape

[1]

6. 23M.1.SL.TZ2.4
 The diagram shows protein channels involved in the passive movement of a substance into the
cell across the cell membrane.

What describes this movement?

A. Energy of ATP is used to transport substances into the cell.

B. Substances can move from areas of low to areas of high concentration.

C. The proteins ensure that movement of substances is only in one direction.

D. Net movement occurs until the concentrations in and out of the cell are equal.

[1]

7. 23M.1.HL.TZ1.1

The micrograph shows two types of blood cell.

 What determines the differences between the two types of cell?

A. Different number of mitotic cycles

B. Different expression of some genes

C. Reaction to oxygen of red blood cells

D. Reaction to antigens of white blood cells

[1]

8. 23M.1.HL.TZ1.2

What is a difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A. Cell walls are found only in prokaryotes.

B. Naked DNA with histones is found only in prokaryotes.

C. Compartmentalization is found only in eukaryotes.

D. Cilia and flagella are found only in prokaryotes.

[1]

9. 23M.1.HL.TZ2.3

The diagram shows protein channels involved in the passive movement of a substance into the
cell across the cell membrane.
 What describes this movement?

A. Energy of ATP is used to transport substances into the cell.

B. Substances can move from areas of low to areas of high concentration.

C. The proteins ensure that movement of substances is only in one direction.

D. Net movement occurs until the concentrations in and out of the cell are equal.

[1]

10. 23M.2.HL.TZ1.2

The diagram shows a section through the melatonin receptor, with melatonin attached to
its binding site. Darker grey areas show the surface of the protein and paler areas are
internal. The membrane in which this receptor is located is also shown.
 [Source: Material from: Stauch, B., Johansson, L.C., McCorvy, J.D., et al., Structural basis of ligand recognition

at the human MT1 melatonin receptor, published 2019, Nature, reproduced with permission of SNCSC.]

(a) Draw one phospholipid molecule on the diagram to show a possible position in the
membrane.

[2]

(b) The receptor contains seven alpha helices and one other secondary structure. Deduce what
this other secondary structure is.

[1]

(c) Discuss briefly whether amino acids on the surface of the protein are likely to be polar or non-
polar.

[2]

(d) Outline the role of melatonin in humans.

[2]

11. 22N.1.SL.TZ0.1

The diagram shows a prokaryotic cell.

 [Source: © Rice University. 1999–2023 Figure 4.5 Prokaryotic cell. [image online] Available at:
https://openstax.org/apps/archive/20220815.182343/resources/50163f8ff80f335574f41bfc10cc4
9a1e87cf9df [Accessed 13 January 2023].]

What are the structures labelled Y and Z?

[1]

12. 22N.1.SL.TZ0.2

The diagram refers to questions 2 and 3. It shows a heterotrophic, unicellular, freshwater

organism that has been placed in distilled water. The short arrows show movement of water and
the long arrows show a sequence of steps.
 What life function is illustrated?

A. Nutrition

B. Homeostasis

C. Endocytosis

D. Response

[1]

13. 22N.1.HL.TZ0.4

Scenedesmus is a microscopic, unicellular green alga. However, it often exists as multicellular

colonies of cells.
 [Source: www.mikro-foto.de 2010. Scenedesmus, a green algae. [image online] Available at:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mikrofoto.de-alge2.jpg [Accessed 13 January 2023].
Source adapted.]

The magnification of the image is 500×. What is the length of one cell?

A. 10 nm

B. 50 μm

C. 20 μm

D. 10 mm

[1]

14. 22N.2.SL.TZ0.2

The image shows a phospholipid bilayer that is a component of the cell membrane.

[Source: Boundless Learning. Course Hero. Phospholipids. [diagram online] Available at:
https://www.coursehero.com/study-guides/introchem/phospholipids/ [Accessed 1 November
2021].]
 (a) Annotate the diagram to illustrate the amphipathic nature of phospholipids.

[2]

(b) Outline a function of cholesterol in cell membranes.

[1]

(c) Describe two pieces of evidence that show that eukaryotic cells originated by endosymbiosis.

[2]

15. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.1

A cell contains chloroplasts, plasma membrane and 80S ribosomes. What type of cell could it
be?

A. Bryophyte

B. Lymphocyte

C. Prokaryote

D. Neuron

[1]

16. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.2

More than 90 % of cellular cholesterol is located in the cell’s plasma membrane. What is the
main role of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of mammalian cells?

A. To regulate membrane fluidity

B. To increase membrane solubility

C. To increase membrane permeability

D. To regulate membrane temperature

[1]

17. 22M.1.SL.TZ1.3

What is/are required for facilitated diffusion?

I. A concentration gradient

II. ATP

III. A channel protein

A. I only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

 D. I, II and III

[1]

18. 21M.1.SL.TZ2.2

What function is performed by the part of the cell shown in the electron micrograph?

[Source: George E. Palade Electron Microscopy Slide Collection Harvey Cushing/John Hay
Whitney Medical Library Yale University Library.]

A. Locomotion

B. Synthesis of proteins

C. Movement of chromosomes

D. Breakdown of cellular organelles

[1]

19. 21M.1.SL.TZ2.3

What special property of phospholipid molecules explains their ability to spontaneously

assemble into a lipid bilayer?

A. They are hydrophobic.

 B. They are amphipathic.

C. They are saturated.

D. They are hydrophilic

[1]

20. 21M.1.SL.TZ2.4

Which graph best represents the relationship between the concentration of chloride ions in the
external environment of a cell and the rate at which the chloride ions move by facilitated diffusion
into the cytoplasm of the cell?

[1]

21. 21M.1.HL.TZ1.2

The images show samples of red blood cells that were placed in different concentrations of salt
solutions.
 Which process explains the observations shown in the images?

A. Active transport

B. Exocytosis

C. Facilitated diffusion

D. Osmosis

[1]

22. 21M.1.HL.TZ2.2

Three cell types are shown in the micrographs.

[Source: left: UCSF School of Medicine, Courtesy of Prof. D Schmucker. middle: Professor
Roger Meicenheimer, Miami University, Department of Botany. right: Courtesy of
visualhistology.com.]

What feature distinguishes striated muscle fibres from the three cell types shown in the images?
 A. Mitochondria

B. Nucleoid regions

C. Multinucleate structure

D. Membrane-bound organelles

[1]

23. 21M.2.HL.TZ1.2

The image shows part of a plant cell with a chloroplast in close proximity to mitochondria.

[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb.]

(a) State two structural similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts.

1.

2.

[2]

(b) Compare and contrast mitochondria and chloroplasts in terms of the substrates they use and
the products they produce.

[2]
 (c) Outline how the compounds produced by chloroplasts are distributed throughout the plant.

[3]

24. 20N.1.SL.TZ0.1

The electron micrograph shows a section through a cell.

[Source: Photo © E. Newcomb. Nucleus, glyoxisomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria -

magnification
at 13,900x - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries (wisc.edu)
(https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AE2SBIWRVTRR5T87).]

What is the name of the cell component labelled Y?

A. Golgi apparatus

B. Nucleus

C. Cytoplasm
 D. Vacuole

[1]

25. 19N.1.SL.TZ0.2

By which process do potassium ions move through potassium channels in axons?

A. Active transport

B. Exocytosis

C. Facilitated diffusion

D. Simple diffusion

[1]

26. 18N.1.SL.TZ0.1

If cells of a multicellular organism have the same genes, how can there be many different cell
types in a body?

A. Some genes but not others are expressed in each cell type.

B. Cells lose some genes as development occurs.

C. Genes do not determine the structure of a cell.

D. Cells must practice division of labour in order to survive.

[1]

27. 18N.1.SL.TZ0.3

The images are microscopic views of two similar cells.

 What is a reason for the differences between the two micrographs?

A. The lower image has a higher magnification.

B. The lower image has greater resolution.

C. A nucleus can only be seen in the upper image.

D. The upper image is an electron micrograph.

[1]

28. 18N.1.HL.TZ0.1

The image shows an electron micrograph of a fungus, Candida albicans.

Which terms identify the structures labelled I and II in the image?

 [1]

29. 18M.1.SL.TZ1.3

How does potassium move across the membrane of a neuron during repolarization?

A. Simple diffusion

B. Facilitated diffusion

C. Endocytosis

D. Active transport

[1]

30. 18M.1.SL.TZ1.4

Which organelle provides evidence that eukaryotic cells originated when large prokaryotes
engulfed small free-living prokaryotes?

A. Chloroplast

B. Nucleoid

C. 80S ribosome

D. Vacuole

[1]

31. 18M.1.SL.TZ1.13

Where could genes be located in a prokaryotic cell?

 [1]

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2024