MODULE: COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
CHAPTER VII.
ASEAN POLICING SYSTEM
Objectives: At the end of this chapter,students should be able to:
Know the Singapore Policing system.
Compare the Policing system of Japan, Thailand and
China to the Philippines
Singapore
Francis James Bernard =
formed the skeleton force
as the heritage of
Singapore Police Force in
1819.
Singapore Police
Force (SPF) is the
main agency task
with the maintaining
law and order in the
city-state. It is
formerly known as
Republic of
Singapore Police. Organized with split staff (15) and line functions
(13) roughly modeled after the military. Headquarters at New Poenix
Park in Novena. The highest rank is Commissioner of Police and
the lowest is Police Constable.
Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857 = constitution of the SPF
Recruitment/training
High school graduates who were interested in law enforcement as a
career can be recruited and those who are selected for officers had to
be approved by the Public Service Commission.
Career development course were encouraged for officer and senior
officers are required to travel oversees for training such as in Police
Staff College in Britain, FBI Nat’l Academy in US and Police
Academy in Japan.
Nine (9) months training. Newly appointed officer will be placed on a
one year probation period.
RANKS OF SPF
Commissioner of Police = equivalent of director general in the Philippines
Constable = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP
JAPAN POLICING SYSTEM
Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to
1945)
Japanese Colonial Government = the one which organized the first
formal policing in China.
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MODULE: COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian organized crime
action.
ORGANIZATION OF NPA
1. National Public Safety Commission =
a government body responsible for the
administrative supervision of the police
Under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister
2. Japan National Police Agency (NPA)
= a totally gunless police force, except
for its special attack team.
Organizations Attached to the NPA
a. National Police Agency = provides training to police officers and conduct
academic research
b. National Research Institute of Police Science = conducts research in police
science
c. Imperial Guards = provides escort to the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince
and other Imperial family.
= responsible for the security of Imperial Palace
3. Regional Police Bureau = exercise control and supervision over regional
police offices and provides support with the prefectural police.
Director General = heads each Regional Bureau acting upon orders
from the Commission General of the NPA.
Regional Police Bureau = the local organizations to carry out part of the
NPA’s functions. There are about 7 Bureaus in the major cities except for
Tokyo and Hokkaido where in Tokyo, Metropolitan Police department
(headed by Superintendent General) has long been established and shares
the same location with the NPA. Prefectural Police has the whole of
Hokkaido under its jurisdiction.
4. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) = administrative
commission functioning under the representative system which supervise
the prefectural police. Under the Jurisdiction of the Governor. Though
not empowered to give order to the Commission.
5. Koban = a system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation near major
transportation hubs and shopping areas and in residential districts which forms
the first line of police response to the public.
= Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 residential police
boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a single officer). About 20 % of police is
assigned to Koban.
CHINA POLICE SYSTEM
Ministry of National Defense = is the top of the hierarchy with
judicial and public security agencies such as Ministry of Public safety
and the Ministry of State Security.
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MODULE: COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
Ministry of Public Security= is
the principal police authority of the
mainland of the People’s Republic
of China which oversee the day to
day law enforcement. (It is the
equivalent of the National Police
Agency in Japan).
Ministry of State Security = the
Chinese government’s largest and
most active foreign intelligence
agency, though it is also involved
in domestic security matters.
Kinds of police
1. People’s Armed Police (PAP), 1980’s deals with domestic disturbances,
acts as riot police and guard’s government compounds and foreign embassies.
Usually handles border defense but is called sometimes to back up local
police.
2. State Security Police = (1983) safeguards state security, prevent
foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies. Under the Ministry of State
Security and directly accountable to the State council.
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall police
system stationed in prisons and correction units. This is under the leadership
of the Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and order in
courts and serving instruments and some also executing death sentences.
5. Quasi parapolice (“Cheng guan”) = operate in many places and hired by
officials to help carry out some unpopular actions such as collecting taxes and
fines and ousting peasants from seized land.
Special Police College = conducts nationwide recruitment once a year.
Central Military Commission = appoints police in China
People’s Liberation Army = Chinese Armed forces.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of the Rank
promotion Examination for police officer.
RANK SYSTEM IN CHINA
Commissioner General = equivalent of Director General in the PNP
Constable 2nd Class = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP
THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM
Royal Thai Police = formerly known as THAILAND NATIONAL POLICE
DEPARTMENT (TNPD)
= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to
be directly under the Office of the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai
Police. The position of its supreme head was changed from that of the
Director-General of the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal
Thai Police
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MODULE: COMPARATIVE MODELS IN POLICING
Royal Thai Police Headquarters =
based in Bangkok
Police-General = highest rank of
the Royal Thai Police
Policeman / Constable = lowest
rank
BRUNEI POLICE SYSTEM
Royal Brunei Police Force
(Polis Diraja Brunei – PDRB)
= created in 1921 which is
responsible for keeping law
and order and providing law
enforcement services
throughout Brunei
Inspector-General of Police
= highest rank
Lance Corporal = lowest rank
Topics Video Links
Singapore Policing system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=g1m9qQB7BQI
Japan Policing System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=9Uv8al_aRAM
Thailand Policing system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=07WE3Xu8QzE
Reference: Dr. Vic Delos Santos;
Comparative Police System Reviewer
RKM Solutions
