Today Topic

Percentage
1.Fraction into Percentage

2.Percentage into Fraction

3.Percentage into Ratio

4.Ratio into Percentage:

6.Percentage into Decimal

7.Decimal into Percentage

8.Percentage of the given Quantity

9.How much Percentage One Quantity is of

Another?

10.Percentage of a Number
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1.Fraction into Percentage

Step I: Obtain the fraction. Let the fraction is x/y.

Step II: Multiply the fraction by 100 and write the

percentage (%) symbol to find the required percent.
Therefore, x/y = (x/y × 100) %

Convert each of the following fractions as

percentage:

(i) 3/25 = (3/25 × 100) %

= 12 %
 (ii) 4/5 = (4/5 × 100) %

= 80 %

(iii) 3/4 = (3/4 × 100) %

= 75 %

Note: 100 % = 1

Express each of the following statements in the

percentage form:

(i) 5 out of 20 are bad

= 5/20 eggs are bad

= (5/20 × 100) % eggs are bad

= 25 % eggs are bad

(ii) 3 children in a class of 30 are absent.

= 3/30 children are absent

= (3/30 × 100) % children are absent

=10%

2.Percentage into Fraction

Step I: Obtain the given percentage. Let it be x %.

Step II: Remove the percentage sign (%) and then

divide the number by 100. Therefore x % = x/100

Step III: Reduce the fraction obtained to its lowest

terms as required.

Express each of the following percentage into

fraction in lowest terms:

(i) 16 %

= 16/100
= 4/25

(ii) 48 %

= 48/100

= 12/25

Convert each of the decimal percentage as

fractions in the lowest form:

(i) 3.5 %

= 35/10 %

= 35/10 × 1/100

= 7/100

(ii) 0.5 %

= 5/10 %

= 5/10 × 1/100
 = 1/200

Convert each of the fraction percentage as

fractions in the lowest form:

(i) 32/5 %

= 17/5 %

= 17/5 × 1/100

= 17/500

(ii) 2/5 % = 2/5 × 1/100 = 1/250

3.Percentage into Ratio

Step I: Obtain the percentage.

Step II: Convert the given percentage into fraction

by dividing it by 100 and removing percentage
symbol (%).
Step III: Reduce the fraction obtained in step II in
the simplest form.

Step IV: Write the fraction obtained in step III as a

ratio.

Express each of the following percentage as ratios

in the simplest form:

(i) 46 %

= 46/100

= 23/50

= 23 : 50

(ii) 20 %

= 20/100

= 1/5

=1:5
Express each of the following fraction percentage
into ratio in lowest term:

(i) 3/4 %

= 3/4 × 1/100

= 3/400

= 3 : 400

(ii) 62/3 %

= 20/3 % = 20/3 × 1/100 = 20/300 = 1 : 15

Express each of the following decimal
percentage as ratios in the simplest form:

(i) 16.5 %

= 165/10 %
 = 165/10 × 1/100

= 165/1000

= 33/200

= 33 : 200

(ii) 0.4 %

= 4/10 %

= 4/10 × 1/100

= 4/1000

= 1/250

= 1 : 250

4.Ratio into Percentage:

Step I: Obtain the ratio. Let the ratio be x : y

Step II: Convert the given ratio into the fraction x/y.
Step III: Multiply the fraction obtained in step II by
100 and put the percentage sign(%).

Express each of the following ratio into

percentage:

(i) 6:5

= 6/5

= (6/5 × 100) %

= 600/5 %

= 120 %

(ii) 10 : 50

= 10/50

= (1/5 × 100) %

= 20 %
Convert each of the following ratios as fraction
percentage:

(i) 20 : 70

= 20/70

= (20/70 × 100) %

= 2000/70 %

= 200/7 %

(ii) 128 : 175

= 128/175

= (128/175 × 100) %

= 512/7 %
Convert each of the following ratios into decimal
percent:

(i) 1:8

= 1/8

= (1/8 × 100) %

= 100/8 %

= 12.5 %

6.Percentage into Decimal

Step I: Obtain the percentage which is to be

converted into decimal

Step II: Remove the percentage sign (%) and divide

it by 100.

Step III: Express the fraction in the decimal form

Remember: Remove % sign and move the decimal
two places to the left

. Express each of the following percentage as

decimals:

(i) 23 % = 23/100 = 0.23

(ii) 16 % = 16/100 = 0.16

Express each of the following decimal percentage

as decimals:

(i) 1.75 %

= 1.75/100

= (1.75 × 100)/(100 × 100)

= 175/10000

= 0.0175
Express each of the following fraction percentage
as decimals:

(i) 4/5 %

= 0.8 %

= 0.8/100

= (0.8 × 10)/(100 × 10)

= 8/1000 = 0.008

7.Decimal into Percentage

Step I: Obtain the number in decimal form.

Step II: Multiply the number in decimal form by

100 and put percent sign (%)

Express each of the following decimal as percent:

(i) 0.8 = 0.8 × 100 %

 = 80 %

(ii) 7.1 = 7.1 × 100 %

= 710 %

Convert the following decimal into a percentage:

(i) 0.083 = 0.083 × 100 % = 8.3 %

(ii) 0.225 = 0.225 × 100 % = 22.5 %

8.Percentage of the given Quantity

Step I: Obtain the number. Let the number be m.

Step II: Obtain the required percentage. Let it be R

%.

Step III: To find R % of m, multiply m by R and

then divide by 100; i.e. R % of m = R/100 × m

Find 40 % of 240
Solution:

We know that R % of m is equal to R/100 × m.

So

we have 40 % of 240

40/100 × 240

= 96

10 % of 1 hour

Solution:

We know that R % of m is equal to R/100 × m.

So, we have 10 % of 1 hour

10 % of 60 minutes (Since, 1 hour = 60 minutes)

= 10/100 × 60 minutes

= 6 minutes
 Find 15 % of $250.

Solution:

We know that R % of m is equal to R/100 × m.

So, we have 15 % of $250.

15/100 × 250

= $75/2

= $37.5

Find 120 % of 25 km

Solution:

120 % of 25 km

= (120/100 × 25) km

= 30 km
 Find the number whose 8 % is 72.

Solution:

Let the required number be m, then

8 % of m = 72

⇒ 8/100 × m = 72

⇒ m = 72 × 100/8

m = 900

Therefore, the required number is 900.

What is the sum of the money of which 15 % of

$225?

Solution:

Let the required sum of money be $m.

15 % of $m = $225
⇒ 15/100 × m = 225

⇒ m = (225 × 100)/15

⇒ m = 1500

Therefore, sum of the money = $1500

In a public show 75 % of the seats were filled. If

there were 600 seats in the hall, how many seats
were vacant?

Solution:

First process:

75 % of 600

= 75/100 × 600

= 450

so the number of vacant seats = 600 - 450 = 150.

Second process:

Total percentage of seats = 100.

Percentage of filled seats = 75.

SO percentage of vacant seats = 100 – 75 = 25.

25 % of 600

= 25/100 × 600

= 150.

Thus the number of vacant seats is 150.

Note: Total is always 100%.

9.How much Percentage One Quantity is of

Another?

Step I: Quantity to be compared is taken as a

numerator(bty\ k oper wali rqm).
Step II: Quantity with which it is to be compared is
taken as a denominator(bty \k nichy wali rqm).

Step III: Quantities are expressed in the fraction

form then the fraction is multiplied by 100 %.

Sam scored 36 marks out of 60. Express the

marks in percentage.

Solution:

required percent = (36/60 × 100) %

= 60%

Express 80 ml as a percent of 400 ml

Solution:

Therefore, required percent = (80/400 × 100) %

= 20 %
 Express 1 hour 36 minutes as the percent of 2
hours 40 minutes.

Solution:

We know 1 hour = 60 minutes.

Therefore1 hour 36 minutes = (60 + 36) minutes =

96 minutes and

2 hours 40 minutes = (120 + 40) minutes = 160

minutes

Required percent = (96/160 × 100) %

= 60 %

What percent of $15 is 75 cents?

Solution:

We know $1 = 100 cents

$15 = (15 × 100) cents = 1500 cents

Therefore, required percent = (75/1500 × 100) %

=5%

What percent of 70 kg is 2.1 kg?

Solution:

Required percent = (2.1 kg/70 kg × 100) %

= 210/70 %

=3%

2.1 kg is 3 % of 70 kg.

296 is what per cent of 3700?

Solution:

Let m % of 3700 = 296

m/100 × 3700 = 296

m = (296 × 100)/3700

m = 29600/3700

m=8

Therefore, 8 % of 3700 is 296.

10.Percentage of a Number

Step I: Obtain the given number

Step II: Multiply the number by the required

percentage i.e.,

x % of a = x/100 × a

Solved examples to find the percent of a number:

1. Find 17 % of $ 1700

Solution:
17 % of $ 1700

= 17/100 × 1700

= $289

2. Find 10 % of 900

Solution:

10 % of 900

= 10/100 × 900

= 90

3. Find 25/8 % of 160.

Solution:

25/8 % of 160

= (25/8)/100 × 160
= 25/800 × 160

= 4000/800

=5

4. Find the number if 35 % of it is 280 km.

Solution:

Let the required number be m.

Then 35 % of m = 280

⇒ 35/100 × m = 280

⇒ m = 280 × 100/35

⇒ m = 28000/35

⇒ m = 800

Therefore 35 % of 800 km is 280 k

How to find a new number when a number is
increase or decrease by a given percent?

(i) If a number is increased by x %, then the new

number = (1 + x/100) × given number.

(ii) If a number is decreased by x %, then the new

number = (1 – x/100) × given number.

Solved examples:

1. What is the new number if increase the number

300 by 20 %.

Solution:

New number = (1 + 20/100) × 300

= (100 + 20)/100 × 300

= 120/100 × 300
 = 120 × 3

= 360

Therefore the new number = 360

2. What is the new number if decreased the number

360 by 30 %.

Solution:

New number = (1 – 30/100) × 360

= (100 – 30)/100 × 360

= 70/100 × 360

= 25200/100

= 252

Therefore the new number =252

 Increase Percentage

Step I: First find the increase in value

Step II: Divide it by the original quantity

Step III: Multiply the fraction by 100 and put

percent sign (%)

Formula for finding the increase % is Increase in

value/Original value × 100 %.

For example:

If price of milk increases from $4 per litre to $5.40

per litre.

Increase in price = $5.40 - $4 = $1.40

and increase % = Increase in price/Original price ×

100 %

= 1.40/4 × 100 %
 = 140/4 %

= 35 %

Solved examples:

1. The price of rice is increased from $10 to $12.50

per kg. Find the percentage increase in price.

Solution:

Price of rice before = $10

Price of rice now = $12.50

Increase in price = current price – original price

= $12.50 - $10

= $2.50

Therefore, percentage increase in price = Increase in

price/Original price × 100 %
 = 2.50/10 × 100 %

= 250/10 %

= 25 %

Thus, increase in price= 25 %

2. The population in a small town increases from

20000 to 21250 in one year. Find the percentage
increase in population.

Solution:

Population in a small town last year = 20000

Population in a small town after one year = 21250

Increase in population = 21250 - 20000 = 1250

Therefore, percentage increase in population =

Increase in population/Last year population × 100 %
 = 1250/20000 × 100 %

= 125000/20000 %

= 25/4 %

= 6.25%

Thus, the increase in population is 6.25%

3. Find the increase value if 150 is increased by 30

%.

Solution:

Increase = 30 % of 150

= 30/100 × 150

= 4500/100

= 45
Therefore, increase value = 150 + 45 = 195

4. By what number must the given number be

multiplied to increase the number by 50 %.

Solution:

Let the number be m

Increase in its value = 50 % of m

= 50/100 × m

= m/2

Therefore, increase value = m + m/2

= (2m + m)/2

= 3m/2
Therefore, the given number must be multiplied by
3/2 to increase the number by 50 %.

Decrease Percentage

Step I: first find the decrease

Step II: divide it by the original quantity

Step III: multiply the fraction by 100%

Formula for finding the Decrease% is = Decrease in

value/Original value × 100%

Note: decrease per cent is calculated on the original

value.

For example:

The price of sugar decreases from $8 per kg to $6.40

per kg.
Decrease in price = $8 - $6.40 = $1.60

and decrease % = decrease in price/Original price ×

100 %

= 1.60/8 × 100 %

= 160/8 %

= 20 %

We will apply the concept of solving some real-life

problems by using the formula for finding the
decrease percent.

Solved examples:

1. The cost of an article is decreased by 15%. If the

original cost is $80, find the decrease cost.

Solution:
Original cost = $80

Decrease in it = 15% of $80

= 15/100 × 80

= 1200/100

= $12

Therefore, decrease cost = $80 - $12 = $68

2. A television manufacturing company declares that

a television is now available for $5600 as against
$8400 one year before. Find the percentage
reduction in the price of television offered by the
company.

Solution:

Price of the television a year before = $8400

Price of the television after a year = $5600

Decrease in price = $(8400 - 5600) = $2800

Therefore, decrease % = 2800/8400 × 100 % =

100/3 = 33 1/3%

3. Find the decrease value if 300 decreased by 30%

Solution:

Decrease 300 by 30%

= 30/100 × 300

= 90

Therefore, decrease value = 300 – 90 = 210

4. Find the number which when decreased by 12 %
becomes 198.

Solution:

Let the number be m.

Decrease = 12 % of m

= 12/100 × m = 3m /25

Therefore, decrease number = m – 3m/25 = (25m –

3m)/25 = 22m/25

According to the question 22m/25 = 198

22m = 198 × 25

m = 4950/22

m = 225
5. A number 42 was misread as 24. Find the reading
error in per cent.

Solution:

Error = 42 – 24 = 18

Therefore, % error = 18/42 = 100%;

[Since, we know decrease% = decrease in

value/original value × 100 %]

= 300/7 %

= 42.8 %