SPECIFICATION FOR CARBON STEEL ELECTRODES AND FLUXES FOR SUBMERGED ARC WELDING ® SFAS.17 @ (dentical with AWS Speciation AS.17-89) 1. Scope ‘This specification prescribes requirements for the classification of carbon steel electrodes (both solid and composite) and fluxes for submerged are welding. SECTION A — GENERAL REQUIREMENT 2. Classification 2.1 The welding electrodes and faxes covered by the specification are classified according to the following: a) The mechanical properties of the weld metal obisined with a combination of a particular fux and f particular classification of electrode, as specified in Tables 5 and 6; {5) The condition of heat weatment in which those properties are obtained, a5 specified in para. 84 (and shown in Fig. 1) {c) The chemical composition of the electrode (for solid electrodes) as specified in Table 1, or the weld mnetal produced with a particular fx (for composite electrodes) as specified in Table 2. 2.2 Electrodes classified under one classification shall not be classified under any other classification in this specification, except that solid electrodes meeting the ‘chemical composition requirements of both the ELS fand ELI2 classification (Table 1) may be given both Classifications. Fluxes may be classified under any fmumber of classifications, for weld metal in either or both the as-welded and postweid heat treated conditions, or using different electrode classifications. The classifi cation system is shown in Fig. 1. 23 The electrodes and fluxes classified under this specification are intended for submerged arc welding, 335 but that is not to prohibit their use with any other process for which they are found suitable, 3, Acceptance ‘Acceptance of the materials shall be in accordance with the provisions of the latest edition of AWS AS.O1, Filler ‘Metal Procurement Guidelines" (see Appendix A3). 4. Certification By affixing the AWS Specification and Classification designations to the packaging, the manufacturer certifies that the product meets the requirements of this specifica- tion (see Appendix A4). 5, Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure 5,1 US. Customary Units are the standard units of measure in this specification. The SI Units are given fs equivalent values to the U.S. Customary Units, The Standard sizes and dimensions in the two systems ae hot identical, and, for this reason, conversion from a Standard size or dimension in one systems will not tlways coincide with a standard size or dimension in the other, Suitable conversions encompassing standard sizes of both can be made, however, if appropriate tolerances are applied in each case. 15.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, an observed or calculated value shall bbe rounded to the nearest 1000 psi for tensile and yield TANS sandads may be cbsined ffom the American, Welding Sens BBD NW. Leleune Road, PO. Box 351040, Miami, Fore 33135.SFA-S.17 1995 SECTION IL Inccates fx Indleates the minima tril strength in increments of 1000 ps! (69 MPa] onthe weld metal made in accordance wih the welding conditions given In Fl. 3, and using the flux blog classified and the specifi clasifleaton of elected inate, _— pesignates the condition of hat treatment in which the tess were conducted: "A for as. welded tod "P" for postweld het treated The time and temperature of the PWHT as specified in 8.4 Inctates the lowest terperatre at which the Impact strength of the weld metal refered to above mest or excends 20 fil (27 J) (Se Table 6). inciates a slid electrode: EC indicates a compost electrode FRXXEXOK, |_______— ctassncation ofthe electrae used in producing the weld refered to above (see Tables 1 and 2. Examples FTAG-EMI2K is a complete designation, It refers ta fluc that will produce weld metal whieh, ia the [rncied contin, wil havea tele strength no lower than 70 000 psi (480 MPa) and ChargyV: ateh impact strength of atleast 20 fb (27 J) at ~ 60°F (~S1"C) when produced with an EMI2K Cleetrode under the conditions called fr In this speifiaton F7AG-ECL isa complete designation fra fax wnen the trade name of he electrade use in clasfication {sinseaed a well It refrs to aux that wll produce weld matal with that electrode, which inthe ‘evwlaed eondtian, will have a tensile strength no lower than 70 000 psi (480 MPa) and Charpy V- fateh energy of atleast 20 fulb (27 J) at 40°F (40°C) under the conditions ealed for In this FIG.1 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM strength, and to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for ‘other quantities in accordance wit the rounding-off method given in ASTM E 29, Recommended Practice for Indicating which Places of Figures are 10 be Considered Significant in Specified Limiting Values? SECTION B — TESTS, PROCEDURES, AND REQUIREMENTS 6 Summary of Tests, 6.1 Electrodes 6.141 Solid Electrodes. Chemical analysis of the electrode, of the rod stock from which it is made, is TASTM sandasds can be obsited fom the American Society fr Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Steet, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 336 the only test required for classification of a solid electrode under this specification. 6.12 Composite Electrodes. Chem of weld metal produced with the composi fand a particular flux is the only test required for classification of a composite electrode under this speci- fication. 6.2 Fluxes, The tests required for classification of fluxes (each electrode-flux combination) are specified in Table 3, They determine the mechanical properties and soundness of the weld metal obtained with that electrode-fux combination. The base metal for the test assemblies, the welding and testing procedures to be employed and the results required are given in sections 8 thru 12. 6.3 Flux classification is based upon a %q in. (4.0 mm) electrode size as standard. If this size electrodePART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, percent ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SPA-SA7 TABLE 1 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLID ELECTRODES Gece me wi percent Casication _Number® ¢ co A 5 P or Low Manganese Electrodes es oxo08 010 025/0.60 007 0.030 0.030 035 Lak 01009 010 025/060 010/025 0.030 0.030 035 eLiz wo1oi2 —0.04/0.14—0.25/0.60 010 0.030 0.030 035 Medium Manganese Electrodes ewe Korn2 06/05 0.90/1.25, 010 0.030 0.030 035, eMn2K kouis 0.05/05 0.80/25 0.10/0.35 0.030 0.050 035, eMIK Rois 0.06/0.16 0.90/40 0.38/0.75 0.030 0.030 035 eMnak Kosa 006/09 © aso/a0—0.38/0.75. 0.025 0.025 035, (Ti 9.03/07) ewnsk koisis —010/0.20 80/125 .10/0.35 0.030 0.030 035 High Manganese Electrodes ek rango 007/015 140/185 0.80/25 0.030 0.030 035 eHI2K Koiais 006/05 «150/200 0.25/0.65 0.025 0.025 035, ena Kises 010/020 ——1.70/2.20 010 0.030 0.030 035, NoTES: (2) The fier metal shall be Indicated n the course tot exceed 0.50 percent. (2) Single vales are maximum. (3) SAE/ASTI Unified Numbering System for Metals and Aloys anaiyzed for the specif eements for which valves are shown inthis table. Ifthe presence of other elerent it eat ee eesunt of thse ements shal be determined to ensure that their atl (excusing ier) does (3) SAE Copper mie ncades any copper coating that may be appied to the electrode ‘TABLE 2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS FOR ‘COMPOSITE ELECTRODE WELD METAL ae wh percent OB Classifcation © Ma SiS Pw ec Das 180 0.90 0035 0.035 095 cee ores: {iD Toe weld etal shall be anaiyed for te specif elements for Witch vlues are shown inthis table. f the presence of other ‘ements is indeated In the couse ofthis work the amount Sf thove elements shall be determined to ensure that thei o> fat (onchting iron) does not exceed 0.50 percent (2) Single values are maxim. (3) A ow dilution area of te groove weld of Fig. 3 or the frac ured tension test specimen of Fg. 5 ray be substitted for the weld pag, and sail meet the above eequrements In case Dr dapute, the weld pad sal be the referee method 337 is not manufactured, the closest size shall be used for classification tests. See Note (3) of Fig. 3. Retest If any test fails to meet its requirement, that test shall be repeated twice, The results of both tests shall ‘meet the requirement. Samples for retest may be taken from the original test assembly or from one of two ‘new test assemblies. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements that failed to meet their requirement. . Weld ‘Test Assemblies 81 No weld test assemblies are required for classifi- cation of solid electrodes. One weld test assembly is required for classification of composite electrodes. It is the weld pad in Fig. 2 for chemical analysis of the low dilution weld metal. ‘In addition to the above, one weld test assembly is required for each classification of an electrode-fux1995 SECTION It TABLE 3 ‘TESTS REQUIRED FOR CLASSIFICATION "AWS ‘Chemical Ralgraphic—‘Terson| Timpack Clasifcation Aral Test Test Test ___Siassiication Anas Test ‘al Sot Electrodes Rear That Regd Not Read ——~—«‘Not Rew’d Al Composite Electrodes Required Not Revd Not Ree'd ‘Nt Regd Al Fuses Not Read Requlee Reauired Required GENERAL NOTE: When the "2" impact designator (no impact requrements—Table 6) is usd, the In- pact Test snot require. 4 Layers, 3 Passov’ GENERAL NOTES: {ai Width and thickness ofthe base metal plate may be any dimension suitable forthe electrode diameter and current in use thy The ist and ast 2 in. ($1 mil ofthe weld length shal be discarded. The top surface shall be removed, and chemical anelysis samples 3h layer ofthe remaining weld metal be taken from the underlying metal ofthe top FIG, 2 WELD PAD FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WELD METAL FROM COMPOSITE ELECTRODES ‘combination, This is the groove weld in Fig. 3 for mechanical properties and soundness of the weld metal. Note (3) to Table 2 allows the sample for chemical ‘analysis in the case of a composite electrode to be taken from a low dilution area in the groove weld, Fig. 3, or from the fractured tension test specimen, Fig, 5, thereby avoiding the need to make the weld pad. In case of dispute, the weld pad shall be the feree method. When a Certificate of Testis prepared, it shall indicate whether the groove weld or the pad ‘was used for chemical analysis. 338 8.2 The preparation of each weld test assembly shall bee as prescribed in paras. 8.3 and 8.4. The base metal for each assembly shall be as required in Table 4, according to the tests to be conducted and shall meet the requirements of the appropriate ASTM specification shown in Table 4, or an equivalent specification. Testing. of the assemblies shall be as prescribed in sections 9 through 12, 8.3 For composite electrodes only, a weld pad shall be prepared as specified in Fig. 1. Base metal of anyPART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SPASA7 12 mia ein rt cite =| ime 6 ay Point at which r “amperature {a meeured mies ae Th {c) Location of Tension Tast 1 8 Specimen eee 8 Note: At mensions except angles are inincnes. ‘Welding Conditions for Sotd Electrodes * Tleavode __Sizet amperage? —_Vottago® Welding _Travel Speed ___ Base! Preheat Interpass, mm Ue 25) onaer Curent iom(z 1) _mmve(z 04) _Metal__Temporaure? Temperature? STM m6 18 350 2 2 sa) [A36, ses 20 400 Ea 13 85 |} A285 Grade c, 302 24 450 | oc 4 59. 65 10 25°F 275 10 925° Ye 32 500 28) other {15 83} | A515 Grade 70, /(18 1 16°C) (195 to 163°C) see 40 550 2a polanty | 16 68 or 3n6 48 600 2 7 32 | (4516 Grade 70 yee 56 850 28 18 78 {la 64 Not Specited Not Specitieg Not Spected” Tho tal layor shall be produced in eter + oF 2 passes, Al cher layers shal b produced in 2 or 3 passes por yor excopt he 6 The st yey aroaucad'in 30” 4 passes, These welding conditions are intended for machine or automate woldog Bytigity Gondnions for compost electrodes shal be as agreed betwoen purchaser and supper Welding conditions jo erire proporbes of weld metal wih 8/32 in. (4.0 rm) lacrodes or the closest size manutactured, 1 S732 Cae ea ot manufactured. The conditions given above for sizes other than 5/2 i. (4.0 mm) ae o be used when oe et cod on nove izes, or when they are required fr lot acceptance testing under AS.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines (ales over conditions are specified hy the purchaser 4 Lower amperages may be used forthe first aye. Fe EES ee Lo Sin (13 60 19m for 1/16 and 5/64 in, 1.6 and 2.0 mm) electrodes, 3416 V4 19 Fee a erty electrodes; and | to 1072 i. (25 (0 38 mm) for 1/8, 5/32, 316, and 7/32. 2.40, 48 and 5.6 £0 32 mm) for Mh a ecerace manufacturer recommends a contact tube-to-work distance outside the ange shown, those ‘Ruommendations shall be followed within 1/4. (6 0). Fearne sis AMG steel and DCEP (eetrode postive) shall be used as the refrce base metal and cure cae of Sapa produced waht sembly aay temperature btneen 65 and S2S°F (8 10 136°C). Neng sha Sones, 5. Tne et bead hal Be eure wih ine trp temperature ange bas bee attained, Thereafter, production of subsequent eads Pe bain ony when the assembly is within the inerpass temperature ange 0) ein oy asruntd fr 14 in (st mm eetrodes, the melding conditions shal be as agreed between purchair and supple. FIG. 3 GROOVE WELD TEST ASSEMBLY 339SPA-S.IT 1995 SECTION 11 TABLE 4 BASE METALS FOR TEST ASSEMBLIES ‘AISUSAE 1040 or 1020 or ASTM A36, A285 ‘Weld pia for cherical analysis Groove weld of Fa. 3 Grade C, ASUS Grade 70, or ASIB Grade 70 ASTM A36, A285 Grade C, A515 Grade 70, oF ‘ASL Grade 70, SSS ore (2) In case of dapute, ASTM A36 shall be used as referee convenient size, of the type specified in Table 4, shall be used as the base metal for the weld pad. The surface (of the base metal on which the filler metal is deposited shall be clean, The pad shall be welded in the fiat position, three passes per layer, four layers high, using. the flux for which classification of the electrode is intended. The preheat temperature shall not be less than 60°F (15°C) and the interpass temperature shall not exceed 325°F (163°C), The slag shall be removed after each pass. The pad may be quenched in water between passes, Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in section 9. 844 For classification of an electrode-flux combina- tion, a test assembly shell be prepared and welded as specified in Fig. 3 using base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table 4, Testing shall be as specified in sections 9, 10, 11 and 12, withthe assembly in either the as-welded or the postweld heat treated condition, according to the classification of the weld metal (See Fig. 1). When the tests are to be conducted in each condition (as-welded and post-weld heat treated), two such assemblies, or one single assembly of sufficient length to provide the specimens required for both conditions shall be prepared. In this case, the single assembly shall be cut transverse to the weld into (wo pieces; one of the pieces shall be tested in the as- ‘welded condition, and the other piece shall be heat treated, The weld metal for heat treatment shall be heat treated at 1150 + 25°F (621 = 14°C) for one hour (-0 + 15 minutes), The furnace shall be at a temperature not higher than 600°F (316°C) when the test assembly is placed in it. The heating rate, from that point to the 1150 + 25°F (621 = 14°C) holding temperature, shall not exceed 400°F (222°C) per hour. When the holding time has been completed, the assem- bly shall be allowed to cool in the fumace t0 a temperature below 600°F (316°C) at arate not exceeding 1350°F (194°C) per hour. The assembly may be removed from the furnace at any temperature below 600°F 340 16°C) and allowed to cool in still air, to room temperature. 9. Chemical Analysis 9.1 For solid electrodes, a sample of the electrode, for the rod stock from which it is made, shall be prepared for chemical analysis. Solid filler metal, when analyzed for elements that are present in a coating. (copper flashing, for example), shall be analyzed without removing the coating. When the electrode is analyzed for elements other than those in the coating, the coating must be removed if its presence affects the results of the analysis for other clements, Rod stock may be analyzed prior to coating for those elements not added in the coating. 9.2 Composite electrodes shall be analyzed in the form of weld metal, The sample for analysis shall be taken from weld metal obtained with the electrode and the flux with which it is classified. The sample shall come from a weld pad, a low dilution area of the groove weld, or from the fractured tension test specimen, The top surface of the pad shown in Fig. 2 shall be removed and discarded, and a sample for analysis shall be obtained from the underlying metal of the top layer by any appropriate mechanical means. The sample shall be free of slag. The reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen, or the specimen from a low dilution area of the groove weld, if either alternative to the weld pad is selected, shall be prepared for analysis by any appropriate mechanical means. 9.3 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analyti- cal methods, The referee method shall be the procedure in the latest edition of ASTM Standard Method E 350, Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low Alloy Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought tron.PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS 9.4 The results of the analysis shall meet the require ments of Table | of 2 for the classification of electrode under test. 10, Radiographic Test 10.1 The groove weld described in para. 84 and shown in Fig, 3 shall be radiographed to evaluate the soundness of the weld metal. Radiographs of test assemblies equal in length to or longer than the mini mum of 12 in, (05 mm) required in Fig. 3 (see para. 84), shall include at least 10 in. (254 mm) of the weld, excluding the first and last inch of the test assembly. In preparation for radiography, the backing. shall be removed and both surfaces of the weld shall ‘be machined or ground smooth and flush with the original surfaces of the base metal. Both surfaces of the test assembly, in the area of the weld, shall be smooth enough to avoid difficulty in interpreting the radiograph. 10.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance with ASTM method B 142 Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing, The quality level of inspection shall be 2-27 10.3 The soundness of the weld metal meets the requirements of this specification ifthe radiograph does not show: (a) Cracks, incomplete fusion, or incomplete penetra- tion; (b) Slag inclusions longer than Y4 in. (6 mm) or Ys of the thickness of the weld, whichever is greater, o groups of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate Tength greater than the thickness of the weld in a length 12 times the thickness of the weld except when the distance between the successive inclusions exceeds six times the length of the longest inclusion in the group. (c) Rounded indications in excess of those permitted by the radiographic standards in Fig. 4 ‘One inch of the weld, measured from each end of the test assembly, shall be disregarded from radiographic evaluation. 11. Tension Test 11.1 One all-weld-metal tension test specimen shall bbe machined from the groove weld described in para. 8.4 and shown in Fig. 3. The dimensions of the specimen shall be as shown in Fig. 5. 11.2 The specimen shall be tested in the manner described in the tension test section of the latest edition at SFA-S.A7 of ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. 11.3 The results of the tension test shall meet the requirements specified in Table 5. 12. Impact Test 121 Five Charpy V-notch impact specimens (Fig. 6) shall be machined from the test assembly shown in Fig. 3 for those classifications for which impact testing is required in Table 6. 12.2 The five specimens shall be tested in accordance with the impact test section of ANSI/AWS B40. The test temperature shall be that specified in Table 6 for the classification under test. 12.3 In evaluating the test results, the lowest and the highest values obtained shall be disregarded. Two of the remaining three values shall equal, or exceed, the specified 20 f-Ib (27 J) energy level. One of the three may be lower, but not lower than 15 ft-lbs (20 J), and the average of the three shall not be less than the required 20 ft-lb (27 J) energy level SECTION C — MANUFACTURE, IDENTIFICATION AND PACKAGING 13, Method of Manufacture ‘The electrodes and fluxes classified according to this specification may be manufactured by any method that will produce material that meets the requirements of this specification. 14, Electrode Requirements 14, Standard Sizes. Standard sizes for electrodes in the different package forms (coils with suppor, coils ‘without support, and drums) are shown in Table 7. 142 Finish and Uniformity 142.1 The electrode shall have a smooth finish which is free from slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams and laps (exclusive of the longitudinal joint in Composite electrodes), and foreign matter that would adversely affect the welding characteristics, the opera- tion of the welding equipment, or the properties of the weld metal 14.2.2 Each continuous length of electrode shall be from a single heat or lot of material, and welds, ‘when present, shall have been made so as not toSFA-SA7 1995 SECTION IL Thy RESORTED ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE PERMITTED 1S 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/16 in (1.6 min Se ETE EIN ANY in (150 mm) OF WELD IS 12, WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS: ESTAS TIONS ey in. 1.2 mn) TO 116i. (1.8 mm)—~ 3 PERMITTED LAE, ae in. (08 mn) TO GI64 in, (12. — 5 PERMITTED MEDIUM: Mea in, (4 mm) TO 12, (0.8 mm)—10 PERMITTED {B) LARGE ROUNDED INDICATIONS 912€ PERMITTED 16 264 in, (1.2 me TO 1/18 in. (1.8 mm SE BER PERMITTED IN ANY 6 i, (180 mm) OF WELO IS 8 (@) MEDIUM ROUNDED INDICATIONS ‘SIZE PERMITTED IS 192 in (0.8 nm) TO S64 in. (1-2 om Soe een PERMITTED IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD IS 16. (0) SMALL ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE PERMITTED IS 1/64 (0.4 mm) TO 1192 in. (08 mm) Se OER PERMITTED IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD IS 30 GENERAL NOTES: GENERAL NOT ia most representative fhe sie f the rounced ination nn eg ofthe tat assembly Ten Jterminton of conformance wth this section, Rowndeg Weicor, ‘salle than Yu tral be used io erepuded. The lnrgest cmansion ofthe ineeaon (neuding ay wi) the size of the oar graphic requirments re for et welds madein the lborston spect) Pe classiieation purposes. These recone ave an tous usvelereourtereg in general ebreaton They 9 Aare the Grade Ty me spect for Carbon Staal Covered Eectados fr Steed Meta ve Wala. FIG, 4 RADIOGRAPHIC STANDARDS FOR TEST ASSEMBLY IN FIG. 3 anPART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA.SA7 1 0500 20010 20020005 2 34 0.975 5 18) _ Dimensions of Speci ea “Approximate ekness > s C8 MIN Area, mm? 254127 2028 6082013 571194 129) ores: {i} Dimensions G ond € shall be a¢ shown, but the ends may be 28 requied to fit machine holders as iong #8 the load is axis (a) The dlametor of the specimen within the gage length shal be slighty smaller et the center ‘han at he ends. The efference aba not exceed one percent ofthe diameter. {g) The finish ofthe surface within the C dimension shall be no rougher than 63 yin. (1.6 u ml FIG, 5 DIMENSIONS OF TENSION TEST SPECIMEN TABLES ‘TENSION TEST REQUIREMENTS "ied Strenath Fy Tensile Strength__min” ____ Elongation lasifcation®” ai Pa i MPa min Fence ‘0 000/80 000 1s/s50—«48 000, 330, 2 FIR BOK 70 900/95 000 480/650 58 000 ‘00 2 notes: NOTES setior "used in various places inthe clasications inthis table stands for, respectively, the Tees of heat treatment, the toughness of the weld etal, andthe classification of the electrode tee Fig. (a) Yield seensth at 0.2 percent offet and elongation in 2 in. (51min gage erst. 38SPA-SAT 1995 SECTION 11 2108 £993 0.94 0001 3s 000! (0.010 + 0.001 radius GENERAL NOTES: {a} All Gimensions except angles (0.394 + 0.001 i [= 2 10 anem Si Equivalents in mm ‘ovo = 0001 02s + 0085 0315+ 00018 0025 0.294: 0001 10 +0025 +0 +0 21657 8 ig 85 25 [b) The surface finish shall be no rougher than €3 pin. (1.6 4 FIG. 6 DIMENSIONS OF CHARPY V-NOTCH IMPACT TEST SPECIMEN TABLE 6 IMPACT TEST REQUIREMENTS” Test Temperature icon Digit °F °C Energy Level, min eee z no impact equrements ° “18 2 20 2 4 40 Tago fedbs (279) 5 30 = 6 =o =a 8 00 =a nove: {UD Based on the results of the impact tests of the weld metal, {he manutactorer shall insert in the classification (Table 5) the ‘Sppcoprlate digit from the table above (Table 6,28 inciates Bey: Weld metal frm a apesific Rux-letrage combina- lon that meets impact requirements ata given teriperature {iio meets the requirements a al high temperatures in his fable (ie, weld metal meeting the equremants for digit 5 ‘Too meets the requirements for digits 4,2 0 and 2). interfere with the uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the clectrode on automatic and semiautomatic equipment. 14.2.3 Core ingredients in composite electrodes shall be distributed with sufficient uniformity throughout the length of the electrode so as not to adversely affect the performance of the electrode or the properties of the weld metal. 38 14.24 A suitable protective coating, such as copper, may be applied to any electrode covered in this specifi- cation, 143 Standard Package Forms 1431 Standard package forms are coils with sup- port, coils without support, and drums. Standard package dimensions and weights for each form are given in ‘Table 8, Package forms, sizes and weights other than these shall be as agreed between purchaser and supplier. 1432 The liners in coils with support shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil during normal handling and use, and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain the cleanliness of the electrode. 1433 Drums shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the electrode during normal handling and use and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain the cleanliness of the electrode 144 Winding Requirements 14.4.1 The electrode shall be wound so that kinks, waves, sharp bends, or wedging are not encountered, leaving the electrode free to unwind without restriction. ‘The outside end of the electrode (the end with which welding is to begin) shall be identified so it can be readily located and shall be fastened to avoid unwinding.PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-SA7 TABLE 7 STANDARD ELECTRODE SIZES AND TOLERANCES™ Sie Diameter) ‘Tolerance ~ ~ Sold (©) ‘Composite (EO) in mn in ‘mm ‘tem (0.0625) 16 0020.05 0053 007 20 0.002005 006 = 0.5 % (0.094) 24 002005 0.06 = Os (0225) 32 0.003 0.08 00078 %, (0.50) 40 0.006 a0 0.008 = 020 ¥, (0.88) 48 0.0080 008 = 020 00219) 56 2008 = 00 0.008 = 020 ¥ (02500 oa 0.006 010 0.008 020 __%toaso eA N NOTE: 11 Geher sizes and tolerances may be supplied as agreed between purchaser and suppl. aged to ensure against damage during shipment and (a) AWS specification and classification number storage under normal conditions. (year of issue may be excluded); 147 Marking of Packages (b) Supplier's name and trade designation; () In the case of a composite electrode, the trade 14.7.1 The following product information (as a designation of the flux (or fluxes) with which its weld minimum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible metal composition meets the requirements of Table 2 from the outside of each unit package. (@) Size and net weight; TABLE 8 ‘STANDARD DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS” wee Thside outside Weise of Diameter Wiath of Diameter Electrode Size oi, of Liner Gol, Nas. of Col, Mae. in im ® @ in mn ‘a om in Cis With Support 25 aw Tz 6s 1% Lees 50 vb ty 30522 1% 0 v 30 0 a7 6 30 "100 3s Beh 2a | 150 Po ® 5 125 2% 800 200 3 Coils Without Support Yo% Lob ‘As agreed between purchaser and super —— — Leb [As agreed between purchaser and super — e500 23600 ores: NOTES: smmensions and weights may De supplied as agreed between purchaser and super. (2) The range is inclusive 1G) Net weights stall not vary more than * 10 percents One aes fhe ne sal be as agreed between purchaser and suppl, (3) Dutside diameter of deus f nomial, not maximum. 345SFA-SA7 14.4.2 The cast and helix of the electrode in coils and drums shall be such that the electrode will feed in ‘an uninterrupted manner in automatic and semiautomatic equipment. 145 Electrode Identification 14.5.1 The product information and the precaution- ary information required in para. 14.7 for marking each package shall appear also on each coil and drum. 145.2 Coils without support shall be identified by 2 tag containing this information securely attached to the inside end of the coil. 14.5.3 Coils with support shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the support. 14.5.4 Drums shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the side of the drum, 146 Packaging. Electrodes shall be suitably pack- aged to ensure against damage during shipment and storage under normal conditions. 14.7 Marking of Packages 14.7.1 The following product information (as a minimum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the outside of each unit package. (a) AWS specification and classification number (year of issue may be excluded); (b) Supplier's name and trade designation; (c) In the case of a composite electrode, the trade designation of the flux (or fluxes) with which its weld ‘metal composition meets the requirements of Table 2; (d) Size and net weight; (e) Lot, control, or heat number. 1472 The preceding precautionary information (as a minimum) shall be prominently displayed in legible print on all packages of weld electrodes, includ- ing individual unit packages enclosed within # larger package. WARNING: PROTECT yourself and others. Read and understand this information. FUMES AND GASES can be dangerous to your health. ARC RAYS can injure eyes and burn skin, ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill. © Before use, read and understand the manufacturer's instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), and your employer's safety practices. 346 1995 SECTION It © Keep your head out of the fumes. ‘© Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing. zone and the general area. ‘© Wear correct eye, ear and body protection. © Do not touch live electrical pars. © See American National Standard Z49.1, Safety in Welding and Cutting, published by the American ‘Welding Society, 550 N.W. Leleune Road, P.O. Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135, and OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910, avail- fable from the U.S, Government Printing Office, ‘Washington, DC 20402 DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL 15. Flux Requirements 15.1 Form and Particle Size. Flux shall be granular in form and shall be capable of flowing freely through the flux feeding tubes, valves, and nozzles of stendard submerged arc welding equipment, Particle size is not specified here, but, when it is addressed, it shall be matter of agreement between the purchaser and the supplies 15.2 Usability. The flux shall permit the production of uniform, will shaped beads that merge smoothly with each other and the base metal. Undercut, if any, shall not be so deep or so widespread that a subsequent bead will not remove it 153 Packaging 15.3.1 Flux shall be suitably packaged to ensure against damage during shipment. 1532 Flux, in its original unopened container, shall withstand storage under normal conditions for at least six months without damage to its welding characteristies or the properties of the weld. Heating ff the flux to assure dryness may be necessary when the very best properties of which the materials are capable are required. 15.4 Marking of Packages 154A The following product information (as @ minimum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the outside of each unit package. (a) AWS specification and classification number (year of issue may be excluded); (b) Supplier's name and trade designation (In the case of recrushed slags, the recrusher, not the originalPART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFASAT . producer, shall be considered the supplier). Sec also. FUMES AND GASES can be dangerous to ( Appendix A6.L health. (c) The trade designation of each composite electrode with which the fx manufacturer has clasiied the ARC RAYS can injare eyes and burn skin. flux, if applicable; ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill. (a) Net weight; ‘©’ Before use, read and understand the manufacturer's (6) Lot, contol, oF heat number; instructions, the Material Safety Data Sheets () Particle size if more than one size is produced. (MSDSs), and your employer’s safety practices. © Keep your head out of the fumes. 154.2 The following precautionary information (as _-® ‘Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the ac, of both, 44 minimum) shall be prominently displayed in legible to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing Print on all packages of welding material, including gone and 8 Eaatan patie ieee Se the larger Went comet eye, cr and oy © See American National Standard 249.1, Safety in Welding and Cutting, published by the American . Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, P.O. WARNING: Box 351040, Miami, Florida 33135; OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910, available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash~ PROTECT yourself and others. ington, DC 20402 Read and understand this information. DO NOT REMOVE THIS LABEL urPART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS SFA-S.AT Appendix Guide to ANSI/AWS A5.17-89, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding (This Appendis is nota part of ANSI/AWS AS.17-89, Specication for Carbon Steel Electrades and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding, but is included for information purposes ony.) Al. Introduction ‘The purpose of this guide is to correlate the electrode ‘and flux classification with their intended applications so the specification can be used effectively. Reference to appropriate base metal specifications is made when- ever that can be done and when it would be helpful ‘Such references are intended only as examples rather than complete listings of the base metals for which ‘each electrode and flux combination is suitable. A2, Classification System A2.1 Classification of Electrodes. The system for identifying the electrode classifications in this specifica- tions follows the standard pattern used in other AWS filler metal specifications. The leter “E” at the beginning, ‘of each classification designation stands for electrode. ‘The remainder of the designation indicates the chemical ‘composition of the electrode, o, in the case of composite electrodes, of the low dilution weld metal obtained with @ particular lux. See Fig. 1. ‘The letter “L” indicates that the solid electrode is comparatively low in manganese content, The letter “MI indicates a medium manganese content, while the letter “H” indicates a comparatively high manganese content. The one or two digits following the manganese designator indicate the nominal carbon content of the electrode. The letter “K", which appears in some desi nations, indicates that the electrode is made from @ heat of silicon-killer steel, Solid electrodes are classified only on the basis of their chemical composition, as specified in Table 1 of this specification. ‘A composite electrode is indicated by the letter “C* after the “E”, and a qumerical suffix. The composition us of a composite electrode is meaningless and the user is therefore referred to weld metal composition (Table 2) witha particular flux, rather than to electrode compo- sition, A22 Classification of Fluxes. Fluxes are classified con the basis of the mechanical properties of the weld ‘metal they produce with some certain classification of clectrode, under the specific test conditions called for in Section B of this specification. As examples of flux classifications, consider the follow F6A0-EHI4 FIP6-EMI2K, FIP4ECL ‘The prefix “F" designates a flux. This is followed by a single digit representing the minimum tensile strength required of the weld metal in 10 000 psi increments When the letter “A” follows the strength designator, it indicates that the weld metal was tested (and is classified) in the as-welded condition. When the letter “PP follows the strength designator, it indicates that the weld metal was tested (and is classified) after postweld heat treatment called for in the specific ‘The digit that follows the A or P will be a number or the leter “Z". This digit refers to the impact strength of the weld metal, Specifically, it designates the tempera- ture at (and above) which the weld metal meets, or exceeds, the required 20 ft-lb (27 J) Charpy V-notch impact strength (except for the letter Z, which indicates, that no impact requirement is specified — see Table 6). These mechanical property designations are followed by the designation of the electrode used in classifying the flux (see Table 1). The suflix (EHI4, EMI2K,SPA-SAT FCI, etc.) included after the hyphen refers to the ‘electrode classification with which the flux will deposit ‘weld metal that meets the specified mechanical proper- ties when tested as called for in the specification. Tt should be noted that flux of any specific trade designation may have many classifications. The number is limited only by the number of different electrode classifications and the condition of heat treatment (as ‘welded and postweld heat-treated) with which the Aux can meet the classification requirements. The flux mark- ing lists at least one, and may list all, classifications to which the flux conforms. Solid electrodes having the same classification are interchangeable when used with a specific flux; compos- ite electrodes may not be. However, the specific usability (or operating) characteristics of various fluxes of the same classification may differ in one respect or another. |A3, Acceptance ‘Acceptance of all welding materials classified under this specification is in accordance with the latest edition fof AWS A5.O1, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines, fs the specification states. Any testing a purchaser requires of the supplier, for material shipped in accord- ance with this specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase order, according to the provisions of AWS ‘ASL, In the absence of any such statement in the purchase order, the supplier may ship the material with ‘whatever testing ig normally conducted on material of that classification, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1, fof AWS AS.O1. Testing in accordance with any other Schedule in that Table must be specifically required by the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of the material shipped will be in accordance with those requirements. ‘Ad, Certification ‘The act of placing the AWS specification and classi- fication designations on the packaging enclosing the product or the classification onthe product itself, consti- futes the supplier's (manufacturer's) certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specifi- cation. "The only testing requirement implicit in this “certift- cation’ is that the manufacturer have actually conducted the tests required by the specification on material that js representative of that being shipped and that the ‘material met the requirements of the specification. Rep- resentative material, in this case, is any production run of that classification using the same formulation. “Certification” is not to be construed to mean that tests 350 1995 SECTION It of any kind were necessarily conducted on samples of the specific material shipped. Tests on such material may oF may not have been made. The basis for the certification required by the specification is the classifi- cation test of “representative material” cited above, and the "Manufacturer's Quality Assurance System” in AWS. ASOL ‘AS, Ventilation During Welding ‘ASA The following are five major factors which govern the quantity of fumes to which welders and welding operators can be exposed during welding: (a) Dimensions of the space in which welding is done (with special regard to the height of the ceiling) (b) Number of welders and welding operators work- ing in that spaces {c) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, of dust according to the materials and processes involved; (d) The proximity of the welders or welding operators to the fumes as they issue from the welding zone, and to the gases and dusts in the space in which the welders or welding operators are working; (e) The ventilation provided to the space in which the welding is done. |A52 American National Standard 294.1, Safety in Welding and Cutting (published by the American Weld- ing Society), discusses the ventilation that is required during welding and should be referred to for details. ‘Attention is particularly drawn to the section of that ‘document entitled “Ventilation”. ‘AG, Welding Considerations ‘AG.1 Type of Fluxes. Submerged are welding fluxes are granular, fusible mineral compounds of ‘various proportions and quantities, manufactured by any of Several different methods. In addition, some fluxes ‘may contain intimately mixed metallic ingredients to dooxidize the weld pool. Any flux is likely to produce ‘weld metal of somewhat different composition than that of the electrode used with it due to chemical reactions in the are and sometimes to the presence of ‘metallic ingredients in the flux. A change in arc voltage during welding will change the quantity of flux inter- ‘acting with a given quantity of electrode and may, therefore, change the composition of the weld metal ‘This latter change provides a means of describing fluxes as “neutral”, oF “alloy”. ‘AG.LA Neutral Fluxes. Neutral fluxes are those ‘which will not produce any significant change in thePART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS ‘weld metal chemical analysis as a result of large ‘change in the are voltage, and thus, the arc length. ‘The primary use for neutral fluxes is in multiple pass welding, especially when the base metal exceeds 1 in, (25 mm) in thickness. Note the following considerations conceming neutral fluxes: (a) Since neutral fluxes contain little or no deoxidiz~ crs, they must rely on the electrode to provide deoxida- tion. Single pass welds with insufficient deoxidation oon heavily oxidized base metal may be prone to porosity, centerline cracking, or both. (b) While neutral fluxes do maintain the chemical ‘composition of the weld metal even when the voltage is changed, it is not always tue that the chemical composition of the weld metal is the same as the chemical composition of the electrode used. Some neutral fluxes decompose in the heat of the are and release oxygen, resulting in a lower carbon value in the weld metal than the carbon content of the electrode itself. Some neutral fluxes contain manganese silicate which can decompose in the heat of the arc to add some manganese and silicon to the weld metal even though no metallic manganese or silicon was added to these particular fluxes. These changes in the chemical ‘composition of the weld metal are fairly consistent even when there are large changes in voltage. (c) Even when @ neutral flux is used to maintain the weld metal chemical composition through a range of welding voltages, weld properties such as strength level and impact properties can change because of changes in other welding parameters such as depth of fusion, heat input, and number of passes. A612 Active Fluxes. Active fluxes are those which contain small amounts of manganese, silicon, or both. These deoxidizers are added to the fux to provide improved resistance to porosity and weld cracking ‘caused by contaminants on or in the base metal. ‘The primary use for active fluxes is to make single pass welds, especially on oxidized base metal ‘Note the following considerations concerning active fluxes: (a) Since active fluxes do contain some deoxidizers, the manganese, silicon, or both in the weld metal will vary with changes in arc voltage. An increase in manganese or silicon increases the strength of the weld ‘metal in multiple pass welds but may lower the impact properties. For this reason, voltage must be more tightly controlled for multiple pass welding with active fluxes than when using neutral fluxes. (b) Some fluxes are more active than others. This means they offer more resistance to porosity due to 3st SPAS.AT base metal surface oxides in single pass welds than a flux which is less active, but may pose more problems in multipass welding, AG.L3 Alloy Fluxes. Alloy fluxes are those which cean be used with a carbon steel electrode to make alloy weld metal. The alloys for the weld metal are ‘added as ingredients in the flux. ‘The primary use for alloy fluxes is to weld low alloy steels and for hardfacing. As such, they are outside Of the scope of this specification. See the latest edition of ANSI/AWS AS.23, Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding, for 1a more complete discussion of alloy fluxes. ‘A6.1.4 Wall Neutrality Number. The Wall Neu- trality Number is a convenient relative measure of flux neutrality. The Wall Neutrality Number addresses fluxes and electrodes for welding carbon steel with regard to the weld metal manganese and silicon content. It does ‘not address alloy fluxes. For an electrode-flux combina- tion to be considered neutral, it should have a Wall Neutrality Number of 40 or less. The lower the wall neutrality number, the more neutral is the flux. ‘Determination of the Well Neutrality Number (N) can be done in accordance with the following: (a) A weld pad of the type required in the specific tion is welded with the electrode-flux combination being tested. Welding parameters are the same as those specified for the weld test plate for the diameter electrode being used, (b) A second weld pad is welded using the same parameters, except that the are voltage is increased by 8 volts, {c) The top surface of each of the weld pads is ground or machined smooth to clean metal. Samples sufficient for analysis are removed by machining. Weld ‘metal is analyzed only from the top (fourth) layer of the weld pad. The samples are analyzed separately for silicon and manganese. (d) The Wall Neutrality Number depends on the change in silicon, regardless of whether it increases or decreases, and on the change in manganese, regardless ‘of whether it increase or decreases. The Wall Neutrality Number is the absolute value (ignoring positive or negative signs) and is calculated as follows: N = 100 (| 4%si| + |4%Mn|) where: ‘A%Si = the difference in silicon levels of the two pads andSPA-SAT AgoMn = the corresponding difference in man ga nese levels AG.LS Recrushed Slags. The slag formed during submerged are welding may not have the same chemical composition as unused (virgin) flux. Its composition is affected by the composition of the original flux, by the base metal and electrode composition, and by the welding parameters. “Although itis possible o recrush and reuse submerged are welding slag as a welding flux, the recrushed slag, regardless or any addition of virgin flux to it, is a new, chemically different lux. It can be classified under this specification, but must not be considered to be the same as the virgin flux. Such flux must be provided ‘with its own marking (see para, 15.4) using the recrush- cer's name and trade designation. ‘A6.2 Cholee of Electrodes. In choosing an electrode classification for submerged arc welding or carbon steel, the most important considerations are the manganese and silicon contents in the electrode, the effect of the flux on recovery of manganese and silicon in the weld ‘metal, whether the weld is to be single pass or multi- ppass, and the mechanical properties expected of the weld metal. "A certain minimum weld metal manganese content is necessary to avoid centerline cracking. This minimum depends upon restraint of the joint and upon the weld ‘metal composition, In the event that centerline cracking, is encountered, especially with a low manganese elec trode (see Table 1) and neutral flux, a change to a higher manganese electrode, a change to a more active flux, or both, may eliminate the problem. ‘Certain fluxes, generally considered to be neutral, tend to remove carbon and manganese to a limited extent and to replace these elements with silicon. With such fluxes, a silicon-killed electrode is often not neces- sary though it may be used. Other fluxes add no silicon and may therefore require the use of a silicon-killed electrode for proper wetting and freedom from porosity ‘The flux manufacturer should be consulted for electrode recommendations suitable for a given flux. ‘In welding single pass fillet welds, especially on scaled base metal, itis important thatthe fux, electrode, (of both, provide sufficient deoxidation to avoid unac- ceptable porosity. Silicon is a more powerful deoxidizer than manganese. in such applications, use of a silicon- killed electrode or of an active flux, or both, may be essential, Again manufacturer's recommendations should’ be consulted. ‘The EMI4K electrodes are alloyed with small amounts of titanium, although they are considered as 382 1995 SECTION 11 ‘carbon steel electrodes. The titanium functions to improve strength and notch toughness under certain conditions of high heat input welding or stress relief. The ‘manufactures’s recommendations should be consulted, Electrodes of the EHI2K classification are high Mn electrodes with the Mn and’Si balanced to produce ‘good impact properties on applications that require high deposition rates or multiple arc procedures, or both, in ‘both the as welded and post weld heat treated conditions. ‘The EHI2K classification is a modification of the $3 classification found in the DIN 8557 (Deutsches Institut fur Normung) Specification. Composite electrodes are generally designed for @ specific flux. The flux identification is required (para, 14.7) to be marked on the electrode package. Before using a composite electrode with a flux not indicated on the electrode package markings, the electrode producer should be contacted for recommendations. A composite clectrode might be chosen for higher melting rate and Tower depth of fusion at @ given current level than ‘would be obtained under the same conditions with a solid electrode. ‘A63 Mechanical Properties of Submerged Arc Welds. Tables 5 and 6 of this specification list the mechanical properties required of weld metal from eleetrode-flux classifications (the electrodes are classi- fied in Tables 1 and 2). The mechanical properties are determined from specimens prepared according 0 the procedure called for in the specification. That procedure minimizes dilution from the base metal and thereby more accurately reflects the properties of the weld ‘metal from each electrode-flux combination. In use, the electrodes and fluxes are handled separately, and either of them may be changed without changing the other. For this reason, a classification system with standardized test methods is necessary to relate the electrodes and fluxes to the properties of their weld metal. Chemical reactions between the molten portion of the electrode ‘and the flux, and dilution by the base metal all affect the composition of the weld metal. ‘Submerged are welds are not always made with the multipass procedure required in the specification, They frequently are made in a single pass, at least within certain limits on the thickness of the base metal. When a high level of notch toughness is required, multipass welds may be necessary. ‘The specific mechanical properties of a weld are a function of its chemical composition, cooling rate, and postweld heat weatment. High amperage, single-pass welds have greater depth of fusion and hence, greater dilution by the base metal than lower current, multipass ‘welds. Moreover, large, single-pass welds solidify andPART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS cool more slowly than the smaller individual beads of ‘2 multipass weld. Furthermore, the succeeding passes ‘of a multipass weld subject the weld metal of previous passes to a variety of temperature and cooling cycles that alter the metallurgical structure of different portions ff those beads. For this reason, the properties of a single-pass weld may be somewhat different from those fof a multipass weld made withthe same electrode and flux. ‘The weld metal properties in this specification are determined either in the as-welded condition or after a postweld heat treatment (one hour at 1150°F [621°C)), of both, Most of the weld metals are suitable for service {n either condition, but the specfiation cannot cover all ‘of the conditions that such weld metals may encounter in fabrication and service. For this reason, the clasiica- tions in this specification require thatthe weld metals ‘ee produced and tested under certain specific conditions encountered in practice. Procedures employed in practice may require voltage, amperage, type of current, and travel speeds that are considerably different from those required in this specification, In addition, differences encountered in electode size, electrode extension, joint configuration, preheat, interpass temperatures, and post- Weld heat treatment can have a significant effect on 353 SFAS.A7 the properties of the joint. Extended postweld heat treatment (conventionally 20 to 30 hours for extremely thick sections) may have a major influence on the strength and toughness of the weld metal. Both can bbe substantially reduced. The user needs to be aware of this and of the fact that the mechanical properties, Of carbon steel weld metal produced with other proce- dures may differ from the properties required by Tables 5 and 6 of this specification. ‘AGA Diffusible Hydrogen. Submerged are welding is normally a low hydrogen welding process when care is taken to maintain the flux in a dry condition. In submerged are welding with carbon steel electrodes and figxes classified in the specification, weld metal ot heat-affected zone cracking associated with diffusible hhydrogen is generally not a problem. Exceptions may arise when joining high carbon steels or when using ‘carbon steel electrodes to weld on low alloy high strength steels (e.g. for a joint of carbon steel to low alloy steel). If an assessment of the diffusible hydrogen content is to be made, The method of ANSI/AWS A4.3-86, ‘Standard Procedures for Determination of the Diffusible ‘Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding, is appro- priate,