The Republic of Tunisia

Ministry of Education
Regional Board of Sfax 2
Hencha High School

st
1 form:
An overview
Compiled by:
Nouri Chakroun
Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Getting to know each other

Vocabulary:
- Attitude: a way of thinking or feeling about someone or something
- Famous (adj): known about by many people.
Fame (noun)
- Hobby: an activity done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure
Hobby = pastime = leisure activity
- Introduce: make (someone) known by name to another in person
- Occupation: a job or profession
- Plan (verb): decide on and arrange in advance
Plan (noun): an intention or decision about what one is going to do
- Tall (adj): of great or more than average height
Tallness (noun) ≠ shortness
- Weight (noun): a body's relative mass
Weigh (verb)
- Affect (verb): have an effect on
Effect (noun)
- Artist: a person who produces paintings or drawings as a profession or hobby
- Collect (verb): bring or gather together things
Collection (noun)
- Exchange (verb/noun): an act of giving one thing and receiving another
- Find out = discover
- Leader: the person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country
Lead (verb)
Leadership (noun): the action of leading a group of people or an organization
- Polite (adj) = respectful / well-mannered
Politeness (noun)
- Previous (adj): existing or occurring before in time or order.
- Report (verb/noun): give a spoken or written account of something that one has observed,
heard, done, or investigated
- Success (noun): the accomplishment of an aim or purpose
Success (noun) ≠ failure
Succeed (verb) ≠ fail
Successful ≠ unsuccessful

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Grammar:
Question word Function Example
what asking for information about What is your name?
something
when asking about time When did he leave?
where asking in or at what place or position Where do they live?
which asking about choice Which colour do you
want?
who asking what or which person or Who opened the door?
people (subject)
whom asking what or which person or Whom did you see?
people (object)
whose asking about ownership Whose are these keys?
Whose turn is it?
why asking for reason, asking what...for Why do you say that?
how asking about manner How does this work?
asking about condition or quality How was your exam?

how far distance How far is Pattaya from

Bangkok?
how long length (time or space) How long will it take?
how many quantity (countable) How many cars are there?
how much quantity (uncountable) How much money do you
have?
how old age How old are you?
Two Students (at University)
Nadia: Hello, my name is Nadia. Welcome to our university. What’s your name?
Alicia: Hi, I am Alicia.
Nadia: How are you?
Alicia: I’m fine.
Nadia: Where are you from Alicia?
Alicia: I am from Nicaragua, how about you?
Nadia: I'm from France.
Alicia: How long have you been in London?
Nadia: I have been in London for about three years now.
Alicia: I see, have you been studying here for all that time?
Nadia: Yes, this is my third year here, I have got one more year to go.
Alicia: What are you studying?
Nadia: I'm studying English Literature. I want to be a linguist. How about you?
Alicia: Sounds cool. I want to be a school teacher.
Nadia: How many languages do you speak?
Alicia: I speak three languages: French, English and Spanish.
Nadia: That's great!well, good luck to you, I have to go to class now, it was nice talking with
you.
Alicia: Thank you! You too, and have a good class.
Nadia: Good-bye!

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

We’ve made it to the top

* Justin Bieber: a Canadian singer (his mother was addicted to drugs and
his father was in jail.)

* Oprah Winfrey: a TV presenter and actress. (Winfrey was raped at age 9;

she became pregnant at 14, losing her son in infancy.)

* Cristiano Ronaldo: a football player. His mother revealed that she wanted
to abort him due to poverty, his father's alcoholism and having too many
children already, but her doctor refused to perform the procedure. Ronaldo
grew up in an impoverished home, sharing a room with all his siblings.

 They are famous and successful. But they had a difficult childhood.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Vocabulary:
- Dozen: 12
- Ambitious (adj): having a desire to be successful
ambition (noun)
- to share (verb): to divide something and give a part to someone else
- Dream (verb/noun): you have it when you are asleep
dream ≠ nightmare
- Tiny (adj): very small
- Record (verb/noun): keep in writing on a tape or a CD
- To import (verb): to buy a product from another country
to import ≠ to export
- Fizz: a lot of bubbles that make sound
fizzy (adj)
- Spring: 1) a season
2) a source of supply
- Abroad: not in your country
- Instead: in place of
- Self-confident (adj): be sure of one self
self-confidence (noun)
- successful (adj)≠ unsuccessful
to succeed (verb)≠ to fail
success (noun)≠ fail
- Agency: a business or organization established to provide a particular service
- Check: examine
- Come true: actually happen
- Do well: do what you should do
Simple past
1) Form:

Affirmative form Negative form Interrogative form

Yes/No question Wh question
I worked/knew. I did not work/know. Did I work/know? What did I work/know?
We worked/knew. You did not work/know. Did you work/know? What did you work/know?
You worked/knew. We did not work/know. Did we work/know? What did we work/know?
They worked/knew. They did not work/know Did they work/know? What did they work/know?
He worked/knew. He did not work/know. Did he work/know? What did he work/know?
She worked/knew. She did not work/know. Did she work/know? What did she work/know?
It worked/knew. It did not work/know. Did it work/know? Why did it work/know?

Subject + verb (past Subject + did not + verb Did + subject + verb Wh word + did + subject +
form) (bare infinitive form) (bare infinitive form) ? verb (bare infinitive
form)?

2) Uses:
Use Example
1) An action that started and finished at a definite Last night, I watched TV
time in the past

3)Markers:
-yesterday

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

-last year/month/week/season…
-a year/month/week ago
-two/three..days/weeks…ago
- in 2005

4) Spelling:

Add "ed" to verbs ending in‘consonants’:

look – looked
jump – jumped
play – played
Verbs ending in consonant + ‘y’ omit ‘y’ + add ‘ied’
study – studied
carry – carried
dry – dried

Add "d" to verbs ending in ‘e’:

like – liked
live – lived
save – saved
Verbs ending with CVC:double the last consonant + add ‘ed’
stop – stopped
beg – begged

- In order to succeed, you should:

1) work hard
2) be self-confident
3) have clear objectives
4) have perseverance and determination
5) be positive

Confidence

Leadership Security

The
importance
of success

Hope Well-being

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Queen of soul
Vocabulary:
- Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the
African American community throughout the United States in the 1950s and early 1960s.
- Soul: the spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal
- Achieve (verb): successfully bring about or reach (a desired objective, level, or result) by
effort, skill, or courage.
Achievement (noun)
- Avoid (verb): to keep away from
Avoidance (noun)
- Famous (adj) = renowned = famed = celebrated = celebrity (noun)
Fame (noun) = celebrity = renown
- Publicity (noun): attention given to someone or something by the media.
- Reach (verb): to arrive at a place / to get to a particular level
- Chart (noun) a list of albums with highest sales
Albums number of views

Vinyl Cassette CD Youtube

- Nominate (verb): to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour
Nomination (noun)
- Award (noun) = Reward = prize
Award (verb) = reward
5 years 6 years  11 12 years  14 15 years  18 19 years  ….
years yrears years
Kindergarten Primary school Preparatory High school College /
school faculty

- Fashion (noun): a style that is popular at a particular time, especially in clothes, hair, make-
up..
Fashionable (adjective)
- Band (noun): a group of musicians who play modern music together:
- Solo = alone
- Seek (verb) = search = look for
- Refuge (noun): a place that provides protection

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Blues
Soul Classical

Rock Country

Types of
music

Reggae Folk

Pop Hip hop

Jazz

Advantages Disadvantages
1) Celebrities get special treatment 1) Famous people can't do things that the
wherever they go. They are given the average person can.
advantage of being the preferred 2) Being famous can attract stalkers. Famous
customers everywhere they go. people are often followed or harassed by
2) Being famous generally means being phone, email, or mail by fans or followers
richer. They can buy luxurious homes who cross the line and become obsessed.
and cars, fancy gifts, expensive clothes Obsession can turn into threats and even
and other things. They sometimes own physical harm.
entire islands or private jets 3) A celebrity status can attract too many fake
3) Celebrities are recognized everywhere friends who may want to befriend celebrities
they go. for personal gain.
4) Celebrities and famous people have 4) People constantly judge celebrities on their
fans. This can be inspirational and personalities, habits, bodies, and a lot more.
motivational 5) Celebrities have no privacy. Everyone tries
5) Many opportunities arise when people to know every single detail about them.
become famous. Celebrities can be the Paparazzi will take pictures of them to be
ambassadors of an international brand splashed in the tabloids
How to handle fame:
- Be proud and enjoy fame and success, but stay grounded.
- Learn not to take judgment and criticism personally.
- Keep a tight inner circle. Family and close friends will be important for advising you
- Keep your private life separate
- If you decide to make social media a big part of your publicity, make sure that everything
you post is politically correct (= avoid being offensive)
- Address fans with calm kindness.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Everything to pay for

Beans Cherry Clap Cook = chef

Cooker = stove Grapes Recipe Sweets

Cabbage Wrist Concert Violin

Vocabulary:
- Spoil: 1) harm the character of a child by being too lenient
2) diminish the value of something
- Bright: 1) shining
2) intelligent
- Dull: lacking interest or excitement.
- Compose: write or create (a work of art, especially music or poetry).
- Tune: melody
- Grown-up (adj/noun): adult
- Grow up (verb): develop into an adult.
- Straight away: immediately
- Childish: of, like, or appropriate to a child
- Sociable: friendly
Don't mind + verb (ing)
The verb mind means 'dislike, be annoyed by or object to'. It's followed by verb (ing) and
often used in negatives and questions. If someone says I don't mind, it means that they
accept or that they are happy for something to happen.
 I don't mind having tea or coffee.
 Does he mind you arriving a little late?
 They're nice people. They won't mind you staying an extra night.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

It is all in the preparation

Vocabulary:
- Bring up (verb): look after a child until it is an adult
Upbringing (noun)
- Compute = count
- Get on well with: to have a good relationship with someone
- Healthy: in a good health
- Loan (noun): a sum of money that is borrowed then it is expected to be paid back with
interest.
- Rest (verb/noun): cease work or movement in order to relax, refresh oneself, or recover
strength.
- Nurse: a person trained to care for the sick especially in a hospital.
- Persuade (verb): cause someone to do something through reasoning or argument.
Persuasion (noun)
- Qualification: a quality or accomplishment that makes someone suitable for a particular job
or activity.
Qualification = certificate = diploma
- Graduate (verb): successfully complete an academic degree, course of training, or high
school.
Graduate (person): a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training.
Gradation (noun): the receiving of an academic degree or diploma.
- Struggle (verb/noun): make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.
- Whereas: in contrast or comparison with the fact that.
Pronouns:
They replace nouns.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
My father called John
He called John
My father called him

Subject Object Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns

pronouns pronouns
I Me My Mine
You You Your Yours
+ Nouns

We Us Our Ours
+ verb
+∅

They Them Their Theirs

He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its Its

* Advantages of dropping out of school:

- You do not have to spend 4 years of your time going through school and doing a lot of
school work.
- You can get a job to help your family out
- You can start your own business
- You have so much time in your hands to do the things that you want to do

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

* Disadvantages of dropping out of school:

- You are more likely to be unemployed
- You will never make as much money as someone who has gone to school
- Young men without a diploma are more likely to wind up in jail
- There is always a feeling of regret for those who drop out of school
* Advantages of higher education:
- The college graduates make more money.
- College graduates have more and better employment opportunities.
- The children of college graduates are healthier and more prepared for school.
- College exposes students to diverse people and ideas which helps them to expand their
horizons
* Disadvantages of higher education:
- College degrees do not guarantee learning or job preparation.
- Many college graduates are unemployed or employed in jobs that do not require college
degrees.
- Student loan debt often forces college graduates to live with their parents and delay marriage
- College stress can lead to health problems and other negative consequences.
The benefits of vocational education:
- It offers hands-on training, allowing students to gain specialised industry skills that will
allow them to leap immediately into your field and get started
- Students can often finish school faster
- Schools in the vocational sector often cost less than other types of learning institutions
the lower cost of courses offered and the shorter period of time needed to complete the
required courses and graduate.
The disadvantages of vocational education:
- It may limit future employment and career opportunities. If your long-term career goals
include moving up the corporate ladder or even into management, vocational school training
may not be of much use.
The wages are low.
Vocational training and education are sometimes associated with a negative connotation.

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Teenagers and money

Vocabulary:

Pocket money Save money in a piggy wallet Lend borrow

bank

credit card coin note broke (adj) squander

- According to: as stated by or in.

According to = as stated by = as maintained by = as claimed by = on the authority of = on the
report of = in the opinion of
- Art: the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination such as painting
or sculpture
- Belong (verb): be the property of.
Belonging (noun)
- Close (adj): a short distance away or apart in space or time.
- Consider (verb): think carefully about (something), typically before making a decision.
- Despite: without being influenced by
- Dissatisfied (adj): not happy with something
Dissatisfied ≠ satisfied
Dissatisfy (verb) ≠ satisfy
Dissatisfaction (noun) ≠ satisfaction
- Extravagance (noun): spending more money than need
Extravagant (adj)
- Fit in: 1) be socially compatible with other members of a group
2) have sufficient space for someone or something
- Irritate (verb): make someone angry or annoyed
Irritation (noun)
Irritating (adj) / Irritated (adj)
- Kick out: expel or dismiss someone
- Make money: to earn money
- Make friends: establish new relationships
- Mix with (verb): combine or put together to form one substance
Mixture (noun)
- Naïve (adj): showing lack of wisdom and experience
Naivety (noun)
- Obsess (verb): preoccupy or fill the mind continually
Obsessed (adj)
Obsession (noun)
- Rise (verb/noun): move from a lower position to a higher one

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- Ruthless (adj): having or showing no pity or compassion for others

Ruthlessness
- Selfish (adj): lacking consideration for others
Selfishness (noun)

Asking for opinion Giving opinion

Do you think … ? I (really) think that …

How do you feel about … ? I believe (that) …
In your opinion, … ? I’m sure that …
Please tell me your opinion on … In my opinion / My opinion is …
What do you think about … ? I reckon that …
What’s your opinion on … ? Personally, I feel that…
Do you (also) think that … ? I guess that…
Do you believe that … ? I am sure that…
Do you have an opinion on … ? I’m certain that....
What’s your view on … ? I have a feeling that…
Would you agree that … ?
Can you give me your thoughts on … ?
Do you (dis)agree/(dis)approve with the
opinion that … ?
When to give children pocket money:
Children might be ready to try managing some pocket money if they can understand that:
- they need money to buy things
- it’s important to save money, and not spend it all
- spending all their money today means there’s no more until the next payment.

How much pocket money?

You can base your decision about how much pocket money to give on:
- what your family budget will allow
- how old your child is
- what you expect pocket money to pay for

Tips on giving pocket money:

- Explain to your child what pocket money is for and what it isn’t for.
- Negotiate guidelines about how much money can go into saving, spending and donating.
- Pay what you can afford, regardless of what other parents (or your child!) might say.
- Pay it on a set day. You might choose to pay weekly, fortnightly or monthly.
- Try not to supplement pocket money or pay in advance.

Tips to manage pocket money:

- You should budget for the week or fortnight ahead
- You should control your spending
- You should save money

The benefits of pocket money:

- Learning the value of money: by having their own cash, they can begin to see how much

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

things are worth, and can decide whether to spend or save it.
- Allowing them to develop a healthy relationship with money – this is an important life skill.
- Helping to build their independence – by giving them some responsibility for their money.
- Discovering that money is something you work for - assuming they earn it by doing chores.
- Teaching that money you have can only be spent once. This can help to start learning on
how to budget and how to choose between buying different things.
- Pocket money teaches children to help the poor

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Are we all intelligent?

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that people are not born with all
of the intelligence they will ever have.
This theory challenged the traditional notion that there is one single type of intelligence,
sometimes known as “g” for general intelligence, that only focuses on cognitive abilities.
To broaden this notion of intelligence, Gardner introduced eight different types of
intelligences consisting of: Linguistic, Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic,
Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, and Naturalist.
Spatial: to be good at getting directions, solving mazes as well as reading maps.
Linguistic: to be able to use words well, both when writing and speaking.
Logical/Mathematical: to be good at reasoning, recognizing patterns, and logically analysing
problems.
Bodily-kinesthetic: to be good at body movement, performing actions, and physical control
Musical: to be good at thinking in patterns, rhythms, and sounds.
Interpersonal to be good at understanding and interacting with other people.
Intrapersonal: to be good at being aware of their own emotional states, feelings, and motivations
Naturalist: to be good at exploring the environment, and learning about other species

Adjective Noun Adjective Noun

Intelligent intelligence stupid stupidity
smart smartness idiot idiocy
Sharp Sharpness imbecile imbecility
Clever cleverness moron
Shrewd shrewdness fool fool
astute astuteness silly silliness
canny canniness slow
wise wisdom light-headed
creative creation / creator (person) empty-headed
genius air-headed
prodigious prodigy dumb dumbness
Vocabulary:
- act (verb): behave in the way specified.
- appear (verb): become visible or noticeable
- apply (verb): make a formal application or request.
- artistic (adj): relating to or characteristic of art or artists.
- Background (noun): a) the things that can be seen behind the main things or people in a
picture
b) the conditions that existed before a particular event happened, and
that help to explain why it happened
- competition (noun): the activity or condition of striving to gain or win something by
defeating or establishing superiority over others.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- complex (adj): not easy to analyse or understand

complexity (noun)
- creative (adj): having good imagination or original ideas.
creation (noun) / creator (person)
- curiosity (noun): a strong desire to know or learn something.
curious (adj)
- deliver (verb): a) bring and hand over
b) provide
c) state in a formal manner.
d) give birth to
- discourage (verb): cause (someone) to lose confidence or enthusiasm.
discouragement (noun)
- drawing (noun): a) a picture or diagram made with a pencil, pen, or crayon rather than
paint.
b) an instance of selecting the winner or winners in a lottery or raffle.
draw (verb)
- energetic (verb): showing or involving great activity
energy (noun)
- explore (verb): a) travel in order to learn about an area
b) inquire into or discuss (a subject) in detail.
- fluent (adj): able to express oneself easily
fluency (noun)
- gesture (noun): a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an
idea or meaning.
- medal: a small metal disc, with words or a picture on it, given as a reward for a brave action,
for winning a competition, or to remember a special event:
- gift (noun): a) a present or something that is offered
b) a special ability to do something
gifted (adj): having special ability in a particular subject or activity
synonyms: talented / accomplished / proficient / skilful / adept / deft
- improve (verb): make or become better
improvement (noun)
- influence (verb/noun): to have an effect on someone or something
- mend = repair = fix: to put something that is damaged, broken, or not working correctly,
back into good condition or make it work again
- prodigy: a young person with exceptional qualities or abilities.
prodigy = wunderkind
- remarkable (adj): worthy of attention; worth mentioning
- similar (adj): looking or being almost, but not exactly, the same:
similarity (noun)
- solve (verb): to find an answer to a problem
solution (noun)
- undertake: promise to do a particular thing.
IQ, short for intelligence quotient, is a measure of a person’s reasoning ability. In short, it is
supposed to gauge how well someone can use information and logic to answer questions or
make predictions.
These labels are often given for IQ scores:
 1 to 24: Profound mental disability
 25 to 39: Severe mental disability

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

 40 to 54: Moderate mental disability

 55 to 69: Mild mental disability
 70 to 84: Borderline mental disability
 85 to 114: Average intelligence
 115 to 129: Above average or bright
 130 to 144: Moderately gifted
 145 to 159: Highly gifted
 160 to 179: Exceptionally gifted
 180 and up: Profoundly gifted
Smartness: Benefits and Challenges
Advantages
- Intelligent people possess the ability to think out of the tightest corners
- They have bigger chances of having better, high paying jobs
- Smart people appear to be more stress-resistant: As you have more knowledge about the
world around you are more aware of the dangers and their effects. If you understand what is
going on around you will be more capable of coping with difficulties.
- They overcome attention disorders
- They learn new concepts faster
Disadvantages:
- You tend to overthink little problems and rationalize everything to the extreme.
- You often think instead of feel.
- By being aware and realizing more enormous concepts and processes, you can feel
depressed.
- People get jealous of you and love it when you fail
- Everyone thinks you are arrogant when you make a point

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Who was the man?

Noun Verb adjective

fear fear fearful

worry worry worried / worrying

dread dread dreadful

Fear

horror horrify horrified / horrifying

fright frighten frightened / frightening

scare scare scared / scary

terror terrify terrified / terrifying

panic panic panicky

Adjectives ending in '-ed' and '-ing'
- Adjectives that end in ‘-ed’ generally describe emotions – they tell us how people feel.
- Adjectives that end in '-ing' generally describe the effect which something or someone has
on a person or thing.
e.g. I was really bored in that presentation.
That was a really boring presentation
The genitive case:
Also called the possessive case, the genitive case is when we add apostrophe S (’s) to show
possession, that something belongs to another or a type of relationship between things.
e.g. Woodward’s house / Your brother’s friend
The meaning of X’s Y is: The Y of X / The Y belonging to X (Y is normally a thing) / The Y
which has some relation with X (Y is often a person)

Noun Rule Example

Singular nouns Add apostrophe + s. My son’s name is William.
My daughter’s name is Emma.
Regular plural nouns Add an apostrophe only. Popular girls’ names are Sophia and Ava.
Popular boys’ names are Noah and Jacob.
Irregular plural nouns Add apostrophe + s. What are your children’s names?
Rose and Dorothy are women’s names.
Names that end in -s Add apostrophe + s. Do you know James’s wife?

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Irregular plural
Singular form Plural form
Man Men
Woman Women
Foot Feet
Tooth Teeth
Goose Geese
Person People
Child Children
Mouse Mice

Vocabulary:
- belonging: a feeling of being happy or comfortable as part of a particular group
- belongings: the things that a person owns
- brake (noun): a device that makes a vehicle go slower or stop
brake (verb): to make a vehicle go slower or stop
- break down (phrasal verb): If a machine or vehicle breaks down, it stops working
breakdown (noun)
- burgle (verb): to enter a building illegally and steal things
burglary (noun):
burglar (person): a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things
- deserted: empty of people
- dial (verb): call a phone number
- drop: let or make something fall vertically
- fumble: to feel around awkwardly, esp. with your hands
- gather (verb): to collect several things or people
- grip (verb): to hold very tightly
- headlight: a large and powerful light at the front of a vehicle
- lock (noun): a device that prevents something such as a door from being opened and can
only be opened with a key
lock (verb): to fasten something with a key
- neck: the part of the body that joins the head to the shoulders
- overtake (verb): a) to come from behind another vehicle move in front of it
b) to go past something by being a greater amount or degree
- rearview mirror: a mirror that allows a driver to see what is happening behind their car
- rehabilitation (noun): the process of returning to a healthy or good way of life
rehabilitate (verb): to return someone to a good, healthy, or normal life
- set off: to start on a trip
- shift (verb): to (cause something or someone to) move or change from one position or
direction to another
shift (noun): a) a change in position
b) a group of workers who do a job for a period of time during the day or night,
or the period of time itself
- slow down: to be less active and relax more
- steering wheel: a wheel in a vehicle that the driver turns in order to make the vehicle go in a
particular direction
- stroke (noun): a sudden change in the blood supply to a part of the brain, sometimes causing
a loss of the ability to move particular parts of the body
- thump (verb): to hit something and cause a noise
- thumping (adj): very big or important:

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Common fear triggers:

- Darkness or loss of visibility of surroundings
- Heights and flying
- Social interaction and/or rejection
- Snakes, rodents, spiders and other animals
- Death
- The unknown / future events
Symptoms of Fear
- Chest pain
- Chills
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
- Rapid heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
- Sweating
- Trembling
- Upset stomach
Coping with fear:
- Having supportive people in your life can help you manage your feelings of fear.
- Practice mindfulness. While you cannot always prevent certain emotions, being mindful can
help you manage them and replace negative thoughts with more helpful ones.
- Use stress management techniques such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation,
and visualization.
- Take care of your health. Eat well, get regular exercise, and get adequate sleep each night.
- Shift your focus to the positive emotions in daily life.
- Go for a walk or run in a park.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Maria Montessori
Vocabulary:

encouraging relaxing boring

frightening exciting interesting

aggressive friendly severe

Children are encouraged to discover things for

themselves.

Children play with brightly-coloured toys.

Learners were seated in uncomfortable desks

arranged in fixed rows

Their paintings are pinned on the wall.

The child was flogged if he made the tiniest

mistake.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Lessons were learnt by heart

Children are encouraged to paint and draw.

- approve of: agree

- arrange (verb): to plan, prepare for, or organize something
- attend (verb): to go to an event, place, etc.
attendance (noun)
- corporal (adj): of or relating to the body
- corporal punishment: the physical punishment of people by hitting them
- discover (verb): to find information, a place, or an object, especially for the first time
discovery (noun)
- encourage (verb): to make someone more likely to do something, or to make something
more likely to happen
encouragement (noun)
- flog (verb): to beat someone very hard
- learn by heart: to learn something in such a way that you can say it from memory
- infant: a baby or a very young child
- insist (verb): to say firmly or demand forcefully
insistence (noun) / insistent (adj)
- lecture (noun): a formal talk on a serious subject given to a group of people, especially
students
lecture (verb): to give a formal talk to a group of people, often at a college or university
- needle: a thin metal pin, used in sewing, that is pointed at one end and has a hole called an
eye at the other end for thread
- neglect (verb): to not give enough care or attention to people or things
neglect (noun) / neglectful (adj)
- nowadays: at the present time
- on the spot = immediately
- painting: a picture made using paint
- partly: to some degree, but not completely
- pin (noun): a small thin piece of metal with a point at one end, especially used for
temporarily holding pieces of cloth together
pin (verb): to fasten something with a pin
- process (noun): a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result
- punish (verb): to cause someone who has done something wrong to suffer
punishment (noun)
- push (verb): to use physical pressure or force, especially with your hands, in order to move
something into a different position, usually one that is further away from you
- pull (verb): to move something towards yourself, sometimes with great physical effort
- revolution (noun): a very important change in the way that people do things
revolutionary (adj): involved in or relating to a revolution
- row (noun): a line of things, people, animals, etc. arranged next to each other
row (noun/verb): a noisy argument or fight

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- set up (verb): to start a new business

set up = establish = found
- sew: to join two pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle
- smack (verb): to hit someone or something forcefully with the flat inside part of your hand
- tailor: someone whose job is to repair, make, and adjust (= make changes to) clothes
The passive voice:
Voice refers to the form of a verb that indicates when a grammatical subject performs the
action or is the receiver of the action. When a sentence is written in the active voice, the
subject performs the action; in the passive voice, the subject receives the action.
The mechanic repairs the car  Active voice: the subject is the
subject verb object doer of the action

The car is repaired by the mechanic  Passive voice: the subject is the
Subject verb(to be + p.p) by + agent undergoer of the action

►How to form a passive sentence when an active sentence is given:

- object of the "active" sentence becomes subject in the "passive" sentence.
- subject of the "active" sentence becomes agent in the "passive" sentence" preceded by “by”
(or is left out).
- the verb ‘to be’ in the passive sentence takes the same tense of the active sentence verb and
is followed by the past participle of the active verb

Tense Active voice Passive voice

Simple present base form or “-s/-es” form am/is/are + past participle
The mechanic repairs the car The car is repaired by the mechanic
Present am/is/are + verb-ing am/is/are + being + past participle
progressive The mechanic is repairing the car The car is being repaired by the mechanic
Present has/have + past participle has/have + been + past participle
perfect The mechanic has repaired the car The car has been repaired by the mechanic
Present has/have + been + verb-ing has/have + been + being + past participle
perfect The mechanic has been repairing the car The car has been being repaired by the mechanic
progressive
Simple past past form was/were + past participle
The mechanic repaired the car The car was repaired by the mechanic
Past was/were + verb-ing was/were + being + past participle
progressive The mechanic was repairing the car The car was being repaired by the mechanic
Past perfect had + past participle had + been + past participle
The mechanic had repaired the car The car had been repaired by the mechanic
Simple future will + verb (bare infinitive form) will + be + past participle
The mechanic will repair the car The car will be repaired by the mechanic
Future will be + verb-ing will + be + being + past participle
progressive The mechanic will be repairing the car The car will be being repaired by the mechanic
Future perfect will + have + past participle will + have + been + past participle
The mechanic will have repaired the car The car will have been repaired by the mechanic
Modals modal + verb (bare infinitive form) modal + be + past participle
The mechanic must repair the car The car must be repaired by the mechanic

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Public schools: challenges and solutions

- Lack of funding
 the government should invest in the education sector by hiring more teachers and building
more schools and classrooms
- Lack of extracurricular activities such as painting, music, acting, games, etc…
 Include extracurricular activities within the timetable per week to encourage students and
discover their hidden talents
- Poor school performance in remote areas
 the government should encourage teachers to teach in those areas by offering them some
perks
- Unruly behaviour
 the ministry should set consistent discipline, establish school norms that build values and
celebrate personal achievement and good behaviour
- Lessons are boring
 using technology in the classroom is an effective way to motivate the students

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Friendship
- “Friendship is born at that moment when one person says to another, ‘What! You too? I thought I
was the only one.” C.S. Lewis
- “A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.” Walter Winchell
- "A friend in need is a friend indeed."

Traits of a true friend:

- They are loyal/disloyal (≠disloyal/unfaithful)
- They want the best for you
- They stay through thick and thin
- They are a good listener
- They share your secrets
- They are supportive
- They are trustworthy
- They are selfless (≠selfish)
- They are helpful
- They are not liars
The benefits of friendship:
- it increases your sense of belonging and purpose
- it boosts your happiness and reduces your stress
- it improves your self-confidence and self-worth
- it helps you cope with traumas, such as divorce, serious illness, job loss or the death of a
loved one
- it encourages you to change or avoid unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as excessive drinking
or lack of exercise
How to strengthen the bond of friendship:
- Communicate with your best friend regularly.
- Listen to each other
- Resolve arguments as quickly as possible
- Apologize to your best friend if you upset them
- Accept your best friend's flaws
- Explore similar interests together
- Spend quality time together
Idioms about friendship:
- Like two peas in a pod: Two people or things that are very similar to each other, or go very
well together.
- To be as thick as thieves: To be very close or friendly
- To bury the hatchet: Make peace; end a quarrel
- To clear the air: Get rid of all doubts and negative feelings.
- A shoulder to cry on: Someone who listens to your problems
- Strike up a friendship : To become friends
- To see eye to eye with someone: To agree with someone
- Friends in high places: Have friends who have important or influential positions
- To know someone inside out: To know someone very well
- To build bridges: To promote friendly relations between people or groups
- Birds of a feather flock together: People who have the same outlook/tastes/interests will be
found in each other’s company
- To get on like a house on fire : To get on very well with someone

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- To speak the same language : To understand someone, as a result, your shared values or
opinions
- To get on swimmingly: To get on very well with someone
- Close-knit: United or bound together by strong relationships and common interests.
- Through thick and thin: Under all circumstances, no matter how difficult.
- To be on the same page/wavelength: To be in agreement
Vocabulary:
- admire (verb): regard with respect or warm approval
admiration (noun)
- cheer up: to feel encouraged and happier
- feel down: to feel sad or depressed
- fit (adj): a) in good health
b) of a suitable quality, standard, or type to meet the required purpose
fit (verb): be of the right shape and size for
- go on diet: eating less food or only particular kinds of food in order to lose weight
- know inside out: to know something/someone completely
- let down: fail to support or help someone as they had hoped or expected
- pet hate: something that annoys or bothers a person very much
- sensible: based on or acting on good judgment and practical ideas or understanding
- treasure (noun): a quantity of precious metals, gems, or other valuable objects
treasure (verb): keep carefully a valuable or valued item
- Ahmed says: “Rami is my best friend.”
 Ahmed says that Rami is my best friend.
- Mariam asks me: “Who is your best friend?”
 Mariam asks Who my best friend is”.
- My father asks me: “Will you meet your friends?”
 My father asks me if I will meet my friends.

Now read the definitions and complete the rules:

- Direct speech, also known as quoted speech, consists of words or phrases that are taken directly from the source.
- Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is when words or phrases are reported in our own words.
*Reported statements: subject + say/tell + that + subject + verb
*Reported wh questions: subject + ask + (object) + question word + subject + verb
*Reported yes/no questions: subject + ask + (object) + if + subject + verb

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Love boat
Vocabulary:
- mutual feelings: feelings that people have for each other equally.
- love at first sight: love that you feel the first time you see somebody
- break somebody’s heart: make somebody feel very unhappy
- betray somebody: hurt somebody who trusts you by being disloyal to them
- fall head over heels in love with somebody: love somebody very much
- date somebody: have a romantic relationship with somebody
- one-sided love: love that is not reciprocated / Shared
- to love with all your heart and soul: to hold a deep and absolute love for a person
- you are my one and only: a promise that the person will be your only and lifelong love
- allow: let/permit
- boat: a small vehicle for travelling on water
- brand new: completely new
- cabin: a small room where you sleep in a ship
- deck: a flat area of a boat for walking on
- declare (verb): to announce something
declaration (noun) = announcement
- fall in love: to love a person
- gently: calmly, kindly, or softly
- make a fool of someone: you make them seem silly by telling people about something
stupid that they have done, or by tricking them
- passenger: a person who is travelling
passenger = traveller
- porcelain: a hard but delicate, shiny, white substance made by heating a special type of clay
to a high temperature
- romance = love
- suit: a set of outer clothes made of the same fabric and designed to be worn together,
typically consisting of a jacket and trousers or a jacket and skirt
- sweetly: in a kind way
- twice: two times
- undying: everlasting / never ending
- be up to one’s neck: deeply involved in / to be very busy

Grammar:
I would rather spend two years in hospital than go through that experience again

I would rather + verb (bare infinitive form) + than + verb (bare infinitive form)

 to express preference

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

A diary
Vocabulary;
- diary: a book in which you record your thoughts or feelings or what has happened each day
- journal (noun): a daily record of news and events of a personal nature; a diary
journal (verb): write in a journal or diary
- alive (adj) ≠ dead (adj)
live (verb) ≠ die (verb)
life (noun) ≠ death (noun)
- army: an organized military force equipped for fighting on land
- aunt: the sister of one's father or mother or the wife of one's uncle
- bomb (noun): a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or hurt people or to damage
buildings
bomb (verb): to drop bombs on something
- collapse: to fall down suddenly
- despair (noun): the complete loss or absence of hope
despair (verb) / desperate (adj)= hopeless
- earthquake: a sudden violent movement of the earth's surface, sometimes causing great
damage
- explode (verb): burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion,
excessive internal pressure, or other process.
explosion (noun) / explosive (verb)
- floor: the flat surface of a room on which you walk
- hope(noun): a feeling of expectation and desire for a particular thing to happen
hope (verb) / hopeful (adj)
- luck (adj): having good things happen to you by chance
lucky (adj) ≠ unlucky (adj)
luck (noun) ≠ misfortune / bad luck
- nest: a structure built by birds or insects to leave their eggs in to develop, and by some other
animals to give birth or live in
- roof: the covering that forms the top of a building, vehicle, etc..
- shake: to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to
make something or someone do this
- survive (verb): to continue to live or exist
survival (noun) / survivor (person)
- waste: an unnecessary or wrong use of money, substances, time, energy, abilities, etc.
- war: armed fighting between two or more countries or groups
war ≠ peace

The benefits of keeping a diary:

- Diaries help you to organize our thoughts
- Diaries help you to archive your events, thoughts and feelings
- Journaling helps you to train your writing.
- A journal is a good place to write your goals, ambitions and resolutions. By keeping them in
a diary, you can monitor your progress and feel motivated to continue
- Expressive writing is a route to healing -- emotionally, physically, and psychologically
- Journaling is a good way to help us to stop, take a step back and reflect on ourselves.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

The negative effects of war:

- Innocent people are killed in war
- War causes many disabilities
- During war, people can be exposed to many different traumatic events, which raises the
chances of developing mental health problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
anxiety, and depression
- After the war, public debt, and tax increases to compensate for the loss
- War leads to undrinkable water, species loss and habitat destruction
- War causes many people to flee their countries in fear of losing their lives and as a result
they become displaced

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Are neighbours necessary?

Loud / noisy Borrower Invisible Nosey / snoopy

Stone-hearted Generous Jealous / envious Stingy / close-fisted

/ tight-fisted / mean

Closed-minded Fighter / violent Respectful Big-hearted

Vocabulary:
- neighbour: someone who lives very close to you
- neighbourhood: the area of a town that surrounds someone's home, or the people who live
in this area
- neighbourly: friendly or helpful to your neighbours
- bring back: cause something to return to the mind
- do the washing: to wash clothes, sheets, towels, etc
- get along with: to have a good relationship with someone
- lawn = grass: a low, green plant that grows naturally over a lot of the earth's surface, having
groups of very thin leaves that grow close together in large numbers
- mow: to cut plants such as grass
- sole (noun): the bottom part of the foot that touches the ground when you stand or walk, or
the bottom part of a shoe that touches the ground, usually not including the heels
- sole leather: the bottom part of the shoe
- nap (noun): a short sleep, especially during the day
- rainstorm: a violent disturbance of the atmosphere with heavy rain
- rescue (verb): save (someone) from a dangerous or difficult situation
- sheet: a large rectangular piece of cotton or other fabric, used on a bed to cover the mattress
and as a layer beneath blankets when these are used
- year-round: throughout the year.
neighbours in the past vs. neighbours in the present
Then Now
Children play with each other Children play video games
Neighbours don’t even know each other Neighbours help and care about each other
Families live near each other for generations. New families come and go ( superficial
( close relationship) relationship)

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Causes:
- the advancement in technology caused most of the public to communicate via text message
or over the phone rather than meeting
- the long working hours
- our lifestyles are more mobile. This means people may change the area where they live quite
frequently
- neighbours especially in the cities have less confidence in each other
Solutions:
- governments should reduce the working hours
- community centres should be built and community members should be invited to conduct
social meetings / playgrounds for children
- people should be more sociable
The causes over which neighbours may fight:
- noise (children/ music / dog barking...)
- nosey neighbor
- a neighbor that complains about the slightest things
- trees or building that block the sunlight
- trees hanging over the territory
- disagreement over territory
- jealousy
- borrowing something and not returning it
- parking the car
Ways to strengthen the bond between the neighbours:
- greeting each other and introducing oneself when you move to a new neighborhood
- being respectful
- inviting them to parties
- exchanging visits
- offering small acts of kindness: water their plants, take care of their pets when they are
away, babysit their kids or keep an eye on their home when they are away.
- offering gifts
How to resolve a dispute with a neighbor:
- try to solve the problem informally by talking to them.
- If your neighbour is a tenant, you could contact their landlord.
- If the dispute involves a statutory nuisance (something like loud music or barking dogs), you
can make a complaint to your local council.
- Contact the police if your neighbour is breaking the law by being violent or harassing you.
- As a last resort you can take legal action through the courts.
- Despite his unusual character, Old Covell was a good neighbour.
- Although his character was unusual, Old Covel was a good neighbour.
Despite and although express contrast
- Despite (=in spite of) + noun
- Although (=though / even though) + clause

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

John Grisham
Vocabulary:
- judge: a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty
of a crime should be punished, or who makes decisions on legal matters
- lawyer: someone whose job is to give advice to people about the law and speak for them in
court
- court: a) a place where trials and other legal cases happen
b) an area drawn out on the ground that is used for playing sports such as tennis and
basketball
- take sb to court: to take legal action against someone
- settle (a case) out of court: to solve a legal disagreement without taking legal action
- trial: the hearing of statements and showing of objects, etc. in a law court to judge if a
person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter
- sue: to take legal action against a person or organization
She is suing her husband for (= in order to get a) divorce.
- A novelist is someone who writes novels.
- A poet is someone who writes poems
- An author is someone who practices writing as a profession.
- A playwright is someone who writes plays or a dramatist.
- squeeze in time: to find time for (someone or something)
- the law: the rules of society
- fiction: something that is imaginary
- published: produced in many copies
- translated: turned to another language
- legal: relative to law
- a bestseller: a successful book
- the plot: a story and the way it develops
- testimony: what a witness says
- witness (noun): a person who sees an event happening, especially a crime or an accident
- struggle: a very difficult task that you can do only by making a great effort
- suspense (noun): a feeling of excitement or anxiety while waiting for something uncertain to
happen
suspenseful (adj)
- defence: the act of protecting someone or something against attack or criticism
- defendant: a person in a law case who is accused of having done something illegal
- plaintiff: someone who makes a legal complaint against someone else in court
- crime: illegal activities
criminal (person): someone who commits a crime
criminal (adj): relating to crimes
The five essential elements of a story:
- The characters: they are the individuals that the story is about
- The setting: the time when and the place where the actions take place
- The plot: the story around which the entire book is based
There are 5 elements of plot: Exposition / Rising Action / Climax / Falling Action /
Conclusion
- The conflict: the plot is centered on this conflict and the ways in which the characters

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

attempt to resolve the problem

- The resolution: the solution to the problem is the way the action is resolved
What is a career change?
A career change does not just refer to finding a new job. It typically means that you are
changing the work you do and the industry you work in
Reasons to change careers:
- You earn a low salary
- The working environment is stressful
- You don’t feel like you’re making an impact
- Your life has changed
- You aspire to develop professionally
Pros of career change:
- It is an opportunity to reduce stress
- You will be able to earn a higher salary
- You will learn new skills
- You will get better chances for promotions
- It can help you grows as an individual and build strong character
- You create new relationships
Cons of career change:
- You will often have a probation period (a period of time at the start of a new job when you
are watched and tested to see if you are suitable for the job)
- It can be quite exhausting at the beginning of your new job
- You will not yet be established and have to prove yourself
- You might acquire an unwanted reputation and have less job security: employers may not be
confident in hiring you because you have a track record of changing jobs
- You may end up unemployed: not everyone is lucky to get a job as soon as they quit their
old job
- Changing jobs can be stressful: changing to new jobs requires learning new things for a
limited period of time.

32
Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Tips to keep your blood healthy

Vocabulary:

blood groups patient blood donation biologist

liver leafy vegetables beans lentils

cereals fridge lift = elevator chard

lettuce parsley spinach bleed

- biologist: someone who studies living things

- classify: to put in groups
- common: very ordinary, not special in any way
common ≠ rare
- donate (verb): give for free
donation (noun) / donor (person)
- freeze (verb): to keep at a low temperature
- blood: the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate
animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body
- Blood vessels flow blood throughout the body. Arteries transport blood away from the heart.
Veins return blood back toward the heart. Capillaries surround body cells and tissues to
deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients, and other substances.
- Red blood cells carry oxygen and nutrients
- Platelets stop bleeding and help to heal our wounds

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- White cells protect us against infection

- The yellow liquid plasma carries proteins that regulate bleeding and clotting
- bleed (verb): lose blood from the body as a result of injury or illness.
- stock: a large quantity
- fortify: to strengthen in order to protect
- enhance = boost = improve
- lift (noun): a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people or
things to different levels.
lift (verb): raise to a higher position or level.
- absorb (verb): to take something in, especially gradually
absorption (noun)
- vegetarian: a person who does not eat meat
- vegan: a person who does not eat or use any animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs,
cheese, or leather
- flexitarian: a person who eats mainly vegetarian food but eats meat occasionally
- omnivore: a person or an animal that eats all kinds of foods
- pescatarian: someone who eats fish but not meat
- volunteer (verb): to offer to do something that you do not have to do, often without having
been asked to do it and/or without expecting payment
During the emergency many staff volunteered to work through the weekend.
- volunteer (noun): a person who does something, especially helping other people, willingly
and without being forced or paid to do it
The Health clinic is relying on volunteers to run the office and answer the phones.
- volunteerism = voluntarism: the practice of doing work for good causes, without being paid
for it
- voluntary (adj): done, made, or given willingly, without being forced or paid to do it
- tip: a) a piece of advice
b) a small amount of money given to someone who has provided you with a service, in
addition to the official payment and for their personal use
- healthy (adj): strong and well

The benefits of blood donation:

- It stimulates Blood Cell Production
- Blood Donation helps to reduce risk of heart attack and cancer
- Donation of blood burns calories & helps in weight loss
- Blood donation helps to maintain healthy liver
- It helps to maintain iron level
- By donating blood, you can save someone's life
- It helps you to complete your social responsibilities

To donate blood you will need to:

- be generally fit and well
- be aged between 18 and 65
- weigh between 7 stone 12 lbs (50kg) and 25 stone (158kg)

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

A friend I could never forget

Vocabulary:
how to fill out an envelope

1) sender’s address 2) recipient’s address 3) stamp

- correspondence: the action of writing, receiving, and reading letters

- appeal: request
- barely: by the smallest amount / only just
- board (verb): to get onto
- pen pal: someone who you exchange letters with
- highlight: the best or most interesting part of something
- swap: exchange
- can (verb): to put food and drink into a closed metal container without air
- homesickness (noun): the feeling of being unhappy because of being away from home for a
long period
homesick (adj)
- fits of laughter: laughing a lot
- delay (verb): to make something happen at a later time than originally planned or expected
- except: not including / but not
- land of milk and honey: a place where there is plenty of food and money and life is very
easy
- look forward to: await something eagerly
look forward to + verb (ing) / noun
- without fail: with no exception / always
- motherhood: the state or time of being a mother

The benefits of having a pen pal:

- To discover new cultures and traditions
- To learn new languages
- To have fun
- To promote patience
- To improve one's reading and writing skills
- To establish a relationship with a friend afar

35
Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

House and home

Vocabulary:
- A HOUSE is the building where the majority of people live. It normally has bedrooms, a
kitchen, a living room, a bathroom and a dining room.
- A HOME is a place where someone lives. Normally it is a house but it can be other things

Hut Hotel Igloo

Light house Cabin Caravan

Tent Treehouse Castle

- afford: to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time
- beyond: further away in the distance (than something)
- build: a) to make something by putting bricks or other materials together
b) to create and develop something over a long period of time
- consist of: to be made of or formed from something
- cottage: a small house, usually in the countryside
- decorate: to add something to an object or place, especially in order to make it more
attractive
- entrance: a door, gate, etc. by which you can enter a building or place
enter (verb): to come or go into a particular place
- flat (noun): a set of rooms for living in that are part of a larger building and are usually all
on one floor
- foundation: the structures below the surface of the ground that support a building
- ground floor: the floor of a building that is at the same level as the ground outside
- plot: a piece of land
- renovate: to repair and improve something, especially a building
- lounge (noun): the room in a house or apartment that is used for relaxing and entertaining
guests in
- skill: an ability to do an activity or job well, especially because you have practised it
- staircase: a set of steps that lead from one level to another, esp. in a building

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- brick: a rectangular block of hard material used for building walls and houses
- bricklayer: someone who builds walls with bricks
bricklayer = mason = builder
- electrician: someone who connects and repairs electrical equipment
- plumber: someone whose job is to fit and repair water pipes and tanks
- decorator: someone whose job is painting and decorating rooms and houses
- DIY do-it-yourself: the activity of decorating or repairing your home, or making things for
your home yourself, rather than paying someone else to do it for you
Pros of building a house:
- You are able to choose the location where you want your permanent home to be
- You are able to come up with a custom design of your ideal home
- Maintenance costs on a new home are lower because everything is new
- When you build your own house you have total control over the budget.
- Whether you do all the work, or hire a certified professional to carry out the construction of
your own home, you will do something that will fascinate you and allow you to appreciate
your new home much more
Cons of building a house:
- You may end up spending a lot more than you anticipated. You can spend the savings of
your whole life and even have to resort to a bank loan to be able to build the house of your
dreams
- It can take a long time, which would become stressful
- The quality of your new build home may not be to the highest standard
- You will need help to build your property, this translates into more expenses
- Some people would tell you should have done differently
The importance of DIY:
- It helps you learn something new
- It keeps your brain sharp and improves Creativity
- It saves time and money
- It improves problem-solving ability
- It impacts someone else's life
- It gives you satisfaction and happiness

Reflexive pronouns:
- Reflexive pronouns can also be used to emphasize the subject or object - to say "that
person/thing and nobody/nothing else"
e.g.: - The Theorleys built the house themselves
- The house itself is nice, but the garden is small
- We use the reflexive pronouns when the object is the same person/thing as the subject.
e.g.: - I cut myself shaving this morning.
- The cat licks itself
Subject pronoun Reflexive pronoun
I Myself
You Yourself / yourselves
We Ourselves
They Themselves
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Learning languages
Vocabulary:
- language: a system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar
- alphabet: a set of letters arranged in a fixed order, used for writing a language
- meaning: what something represents or expresses
- communicate (verb): to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your
body, or using other signals
communication (noun) / communicative (adj)
- legible (adj): can be read easily
- native: relating to or describing someone's country or place of birth or someone who was
born in a particular country or place
native language = native tongue = mother tongue = first language: the first language that you
learn
- foreign: belonging or connected to a country that is not your own
foreign language = second language
- overnight (adj/adv): suddenly and unexpectedly
second language = foreign language
- master (verb): to know very well, to learn
- mirror (verb): to reflect, to represent.
- familiar: well-known / common
- plenty of: lots of
- scribble (verb): to write or draw something quickly or carelessly
- tricky: complicated / difficult.
- fluent (adj): be able to speak a language easily, well, and quickly
fluency (noun) / fluently (adv)
- monolingual: able to use one language well
- bilingual: able to use more than one language

Country / region Language

Arab world Arabic
England English
France French
China Chinese
Japan Japanese
Italy Italian
Spain Spanish
Portugal Portuguese
Hungary Hungarian
Netherlands Dutch
Germany German
Denmark Danish

Tips to learn a foreign language:

- Engage in conversations with natives or fluent speakers
- Start with learning phrases you will use frequently such as “what’s your name?”, “how are
you?” …
- Carry a pocket dictionary to check the meaning of new words
- Listen to songs with lyrics
- Watch movies, tv series

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- Read books, magazines, newspapers

- Never let fear stop you from using the foreign language and trust others to help you learn
from any mistakes you make.
- Use audio and online courses which to being able to speak basic sentences and phrases
within a few days’ time

The benefits of learning a foreign language:

- Bilingualism improves the functionality of your brain, which makes you smarter
- Bilingualism enhances memory
- Bilingualism is a way to connect and bridge new relationships with people from others parts
of the world
- being a bilingual is an asset that helps you to advance your professional career
- The bilingual are able to discover new cultures and civilisations
- Speaking a second language can provide more job opportunities
- Bilingualism makes travelling more enjoyable and easier

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Health matters
Vocabulary:

Flu Fever Cough Appendix

Plaster Injection Rub Cream

Pills Syrup drop Spray

Check-up Surgeon X-ray Stethoscope

Intestines Cupboard Toss Indigestion

- accommodation: a place to live, work or stay in

accommodate (verb): to provide with a place to live or to be stored in
- ache = pain: a feeling of physical suffering caused by injury or illness
- appendix: a small tube-shaped part that is joined to the intestines on the right side of the
body and has no use in humans
- off-colour: slightly ill
- chest: the upper front part of the body of humans and some animals, between the stomach
and the neck, containing the heart and lungs
- cough (verb/noun): to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short, loud
sound

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- curiosity: an eager wish to know or learn about something

curious (adj)
- fastidious (adj): giving too much attention to small details and wanting everything to be
correct and perfect
- ingest (verb): to eat or drink something
ingestion (noun): the process of absorbing nutrients or medications into the body by eating or
drinking them
- inject (verb): to use a needle and syringe (= small tube) to put a liquid such as a drug into a
person's body
injection (noun): the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a
needle and a syringe (= small tube)
- intestine: (either of the two parts of) a long tube through which food travels from the
stomach and out of the body while it is being digested
- lodge (verb): make or become firmly fixed or embedded in a place
- patient (noun): a person who is receiving medical care, or who is cared for by a particular
doctor or dentist when necessary
- pinpoint (verb): to find out or say the exact position in space or time of something
- plaster: a) a small piece of sticky cloth or plastic that you use to cover and protect a cut in
the skin
b) a substance that becomes hard as it dries and is used especially for spreading on
walls and ceilings in order to give a smooth surface
- put away: store something in an appropriate or usual place
- sick (adj): physically or mentally ill; not well or healthy
- sore (adj): painful and uncomfortable because of injury, infection, or too much use
- stomach: an organ in the body where food is digested, or the soft front part of your body
just below the chest
- surgery: the treatment of injuries or diseases in people or animals by cutting open the body
and removing or repairing the damaged part
- surgeon: a doctor who is specially trained to perform medical operations
- swallow: to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move from your mouth into your stomach by
using the muscles of your throat
- tempt (verb): to make someone want to have or do something, especially something that is
unnecessary or wrong
tempting: If something is tempting, you want to do or have it
- toss up: to throw a coin up into the air and guess which side will land facing up, as a way of
making a decision
- trap (noun): a device or hole for catching animals or people and preventing their escape
trap (verb): to catch an animal in a trap
- vet = veterinarian: a person with a medical degree trained to take care of the health of
animals
- x-ray: a type of radiation that can go through many solid substances, allowing hidden
objects such as bones and organs in the body to be photographed
- naughty: behaving badly and not being obedient
- cupboard: a piece of furniture or a space for storing things, with a door or doors and usually
with shelves
- windowsill: a shelf below a window, either inside or outside a building
- recover (verb): to become completely well again after an illness or injury
recovery (noun)

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

People often get so excited about the idea of having a pet but they forget some important
factors to consider beforehand. Let’s complete the following list of pros and cons of
adopting a pet.
Pros Cons
1) Pets can reduce the stress level 1) Owning a pet can be time -consuming
2) Owning a pet can make you more 2) Owing can be expensive
responsible 3) Some people are allergic to animals
3) You can save a pet from the street 4) You have to clean and tidy up the house
4) Pets are companions for a lifetime more often
5) Pets may be helpful for the older and 5) pets can be dangerous especially for kids
people with special needs 6) Some pets are noisy: they disturb your
6) Pets provide unconditional love sleep and the neighbours
7) Pets provide extra safety by alerting the 7) It is hard to say farewell(=goodbye) to a
owner to strangers or possible suspicious pet
activity outside the home

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Human rights
Vocabulary:
When the atrocities witnessed during World War II became apparent after the war, it was
deemed necessary to create a universal declaration that specified the rights of individuals.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was proclaimed by the United Nations
General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental
human rights to be universally protected
- Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world,
from birth until death

Right to education Right to work Freedom of expression Right to peace

Right to health care Right to life Equality between men and women

disability = handicap blindness dumbness deafness

paralysis guide dog Braille equality

walking stick hearing aid wheelchair dyslexia

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- beg: a) to make a very strong and urgent request

b) to ask for food or money because you are poor
- blindness (noun): the condition of being unable to see
blind (adj)
- call someone names: If a person, especially a child, calls someone names, he or she
addresses that person with a name that is intended to be offensive
- citizen: a person who is a member of a particular country
- client = customer: a person who buys goods or a service
- colleague: one of a group of people who work together
- command (verb/noun): to give someone an order
- cripple (noun): an extremely offensive word for a person whose legs or arms do not work in
the usual way
cripple (verb): to injure someone so that they are unable to walk or move in a normal way
crippled (adj): Someone who is crippled has serious injuries that affect their ability to walk or
move
- deafness (noun): the condition of being unable to hear
deaf (adj)
- disability (noun): an illness, injury, or condition that makes it difficult for someone to do
some things that other people do, and that is usually permanent or lasts for a long time
disabled (adj)
- disease: an illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by infection or a failure of health
- dumbness (noun): the fact of not speaking or of not being able to speak
dumb (adj)
- engineer: a person whose job is to design or build machines, engines, or electrical
equipment, or things such as roads, railways, or bridges, using scientific principles
- experience (verb): If you experience something, it happens to you, or you feel it
- handicap: a condition in which part of your body or mind has been permanently damaged or
does not work normally
handicapped (adj)
- hardly: only just / almost not
- inform: to tell someone about particular facts
- join in: to become involved in an activity with other people
- manage: a) to succeed in doing or dealing with something, especially something difficult
b) to be responsible for controlling or organizing someone or something, especially
a business or employees
manager (person): the person who is responsible for managing an organization
- paralysis: a condition in which you are unable to move all or part of your body because of
illness or injury
paralyse (verb): to cause a person, animal, or part of the body to lose the ability to move or
feel
paralysed (adj)
- punch (noun/verb): a forceful hit with a fist (= closed hand)
- relate (verb): to find or show the connection between two or more things
- resign (verb): to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are leaving
resignation (noun)
- right (noun): the fact that a person or animal can expect to be treated in a fair, morally
acceptable, or legal way, or to have the things that are necessary for life
right ≠ duty
- duty: something that you have to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel
is the right thing to do

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- script: the words of a film, play, broadcast, or speech

- sight: a) the ability to see
b) something that is in someone's view
- sock: a piece of clothing made from soft material that covers your foot and the lower part of
your leg
- tease (verb): to laugh at someone or say unkind things about them, either because you are
joking or because you want to upset that person
- step in someone‘s shoes: to take on a particular role or task that someone else has been
doing
- treat (verb): a) to use drugs, exercises, etc. to cure a person of a disease or heal an injury
b) to behave towards someone or deal with something in a particular way
treatment (noun)
- workplace: a building or room where people perform their jobs
- staff: the group of people who work for an organization
- rare: not common or frequent / very unusual
- insist (verb): to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or
oppose what you say
insistence (noun) / insistent (adj)
- attend (verb): to go to an event, place, etc.
attendance (noun)
- training: the process of learning the skills you need to do a particular job or activity

- equality (noun): the right of different groups of people to have a similar social position and
receive the same treatment
equal (adj)

Disability etiquette means respectful ways to communicate with and about people with
disabilities.
- Do not ask questions about a person’s disability unless it is brought up by the person.
- Before providing assistance, always ask the person if they would like assistance and how
you can help.
- Always speak directly to the disabled person, not to their companion
- Be cautious of using outdated, offensive terms such as “handicapped” or “wheelchair
bound”
- Do not victimize people with disabilities
- Don’t assume they see their disability as a tragedy
- Adjust posture to be eye-level
- Make eye contact; never avoid someone with a disability
- Do not underestimate the abilities of someone with a disability

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

About teachers
Vocabulary:
- energy: the power and ability to be physically and mentally active
- skinny (adj): with little flesh on the bones
- graduate (verb): to complete a first university degree successfully
graduate (person): a person who has a first degree from a university or college
- pay back: to return money to someone from whom you have borrowed it
- promise (noun): to tell someone that you will certainly do something
- principal (noun): the person in charge of a school
- debt: something, especially money, that is owed to someone else, or the state of owing
something
- lend: to give something to someone for a short period of time, expecting it to be given back
- borrow: to get or receive something from someone with the intention of giving it back after
a period of time
- owe: to need to pay or give something to someone because they have lent money to you, or
in exchange for something they have done for you
- hand (verb): to put something into someone's hand from your own hand
- relieved (adj): happy that something unpleasant has not happened or has ended
relief (noun)
- repay: to pay back or to reward someone or something

Relative clauses:
We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about
something. Relative pronouns connect nouns/pronouns to relative clauses, which can be
essential or non‐essential (restrictive or non-restrictive).
 Who refers to people
e.g. The person who called last night was my grandmother.
 Which refers to animals and things
e.g. Did you see the dog which is playing on the lawn?
 That refers to people, animals, and things
e.g. She likes the painting that is in the living room.
 Whom is an object pronoun for people
e.g. Josh Lee, whom the manager traded, later became a successful baseball star. (non-
essential relative clause)
 Whose shows possession for people, animals, and things
e.g. The girl whose notes I borrowed always pays attention in class.

where places I know a restaurant where the food is excellent.

when times There isn’t a day when I don’t feel rushed off my feet.

why reasons Do you know the reason why the shop is closed today?

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Have to:
- He had to his homework
- He has to respect his friends
- He will have to thank his teacher
Have to = must  express obligation
Have to / must + verb (bare infinitive form)

Obligation

in the past in the present in the future

I I I
You You have to / must You
We We We
They had to They They will have to
He He He
She She has to /must She
It It It

The qualities of a good teacher:

- A good teacher instills confidence
- A good teacher manages the classroom effectively
- A good teacher comes to class prepared to teach
- A good teacher uses different teaching strategies and incorporates new technologies
- A good teacher encourages their students
- A good teacher is a good communicator
- A good teacher listens well

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

A narrow escape
Vocabulary:

overtake highway lorry car rolling over

smash against a tree unconscious drag to safety explosion

skin burn rescue stagger terrified

- narrow escape: a situation in which an accident or other unfortunate incident is only just
avoided
- brave (adj): showing no fear of dangerous or difficult things
brave = courageous
bravery (noun) = courage
- hero: a person who is admired for having done something very brave or having achieved
something great
heroic (adj) / heroism (noun)
- burn (verb/noun): to be hurt, damaged, or destroyed by fire or extreme heat, or to cause this
to happen
- caring: a caring person is kind and gives emotional support to others
- come round: to visit someone in their home
- drug (noun): any natural or artificially made chemical that is used as a medicine
- drag (verb): to move something by pulling it along a surface, usually the ground
- explode (verb): to break up into pieces violently, or to cause something to do this
explosion (noun)
- flame: a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire
- hit (verb/noun): to move your hand or an object onto the surface of something so that it
touches it, usually with force
- intense: extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong
- lose (verb): to no longer have something because you do not know where it is
loss (noun) / lost (adj)
- occur (verb): to happen
- overtake: to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of them

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- roll: to cause something to move somewhere by turning over and over or from side to side
- proud (adj): feeling pleasure and satisfaction because you or people connected with you
have done or got something good
pride (noun)
- rescue (verb/noun): to help someone
- severe: causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, damage, etc. / very serious
- smash: to cause something to move with great force against something hard, usually causing
damage or injury
- stagger: to walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall
- unconscious (adj): in the state of not being awake and not aware of things around you,
especially as the result of a head injury
unconsciousness (noun)

While car accidents are often traumatic events, the things that people do and don’t do
immediately after a collision often have a dramatic impact on the outcome of their car
accident claim. Here are a few things to do and not to do after a car accident to keep in
mind if involved in a car accident.
Do’s Don’ts
1) Call the police 1) Don’t move the vehicle
2) Seek medical assistance / first aid 2) Don’t place yourself in danger
3) Get information from the other driver 3) Don’t dispose of evidence
4) Get information from the witnesses 4) Have your lawyer present before you:
5) Take photos * Sign any document
6) Notify you’re the insurance company * give any recorded statement
The benefits of heroism:
- Heroes solve problems
- Heroes save lives
- Heroes give hope
- Heroes deliver justice
- Heroes are a source of inspiration

Prepositions of place:

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Can an animal save someone’s life?

Vocabulary:

bask panicking flag deep

Shore drown waves run away

- bask: to lie or sit enjoying the warmth of the sun

- drown: to (cause to) die by being unable to breathe underwater
- exhausted (adj): very tired
exhaust (verb): to make someone extremely tired / exhaustion (noun)
- heroic (adj): very brave or great
- ignore (verb): to intentionally not listen or give attention to
ignorance (noun): lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something
- panic (noun/verb): a sudden strong feeling of fear
- powerful (adj): having a lot of power
- pull: to move something towards yourself, sometimes with great physical effort
pull ≠ push
- roll (verb): to (cause something to) move somewhere by turning over and over or from side
to side
- run away: to leave a place or person secretly and suddenly
- sandy (adj): covered with sand or containing sand
- set off: to start on a trip
- shore: the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river
- trusty (adj): able to be trusted
trust (verb): to believe that someone is good and honest and will not harm you, or that
something is safe and reliable
trust (noun):
- upset (adj): worried, unhappy, or angry
upset (verb): to make someone worried, unhappy, or angry
- wave (noun): a raised line of water that moves across the surface of an area of water,
especially the sea

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- wave (verb): to raise your hand and move it from side to side as a way of greeting someone
- grateful (adj): showing or expressing thanks, especially to another person
gratitude (noun)
- ungrateful (adj): not showing or expressing any thanks
ingratitude (noun)
- Mediterranean: the sea surrounded by southern Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia
- coward (adj): a person who is not brave
cowardice (noun): the behaviour of someone who is not at all brave

The importance of gratitude:

- It improves mental health
- It improves relationships and social interactions
- It improves quality of sleep
- It enhances empathy (=the ability to understand and share the feelings of another) and
reduces aggression
- It increases self-esteem
- It reduces levels of depression
- It increases resilience (=the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties)
- It makes the one less self-centered and materialistic
Past progressive (continuous)
1) Form:

Affirmative form Negative form Interrogative form

Yes/No question Wh question
- I/He/She/It + was + - I/He/She/It + was not + - Was + I/he/she/it + - wh word + was +
verb(ing) verb(ing) verb(ing)? I/he/she/it + verb(ing)?
- You/We/They + were - You/We/They + were not - Were + you/we/they - wh word + were +
+ verb(ing) + verb(ing) + verb(ing)? you/we/they + verb(ing)?

2) Uses:
Use Example
1) An action in progress in the past My father was gardening
2) two simultaneous actions in the past Last night, while I was watching TV, my
mother was cooking.
3) An action in progress in the past that was Last night, when I was watching TV,
interrupted by another action someone knocked on the door.

Simple past
1) Form:

Affirmative form Negative form Interrogative form

Yes/No question Wh question
Subject + verb (past Subject + did not + verb Did + subject + verb Wh word + did + verb
form) (bare infinitive form) (bare infinitive form) ? (bare infinitive form)?

2) Uses:
Use Example
1) An action that started and finished at a definite Last night, I watched TV
time in the past

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Holidays and tourism

“all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”
Vocabulary:
- holiday (noun): a time when someone does not go to work or school but is free to do what
they want, such as travel or relax
holiday = vacation
holiday (verb)= go on holiday: to take a holiday
- tourism: the business of providing services such as transport, places to stay, or
entertainment for people who are on holiday
tourist (noun): someone who visits a place for pleasure and interest, usually while on holiday
touristic (adj): for or relating to tourists
- Volunteer travel: Participants of this type of vacations typically “do something good” for charitable
cause while experiencing new places.
- Ecotourism: Tourists usually travel to fragile and protected areas. This form of tourism for those
who want to conserve the environment.
- Adventure tourism: This type of travel usually includes the idea of risk and traveling to remote and
exotic areas
- Cultural travel: Tourists attend festivals and rituals
- Educational tourism: it is about carrying out research activities and knowledge acquisition.
- Business travel: a journey specifically taken for work purposes
- Culinary tourism: the exploration of food and beverages as the purpose of tourism.
- journey: is the process of travelling from one place to another by land, air, or sea.
- trip: is the process of travelling from one place to another, staying there, usually for a short time, and
coming back again
- voyage: is a long journey from one place to another in a ship or spacecraft
- excursion: is a short trip made either as a tourist or in order to do a particular thing.
- travel (verb): to make a journey, usually over a long distance
travel (noun): the activity of travelling
travelling (noun) / traveller (person)
- compass: a device for finding direction

- resort: a place where many people go for rest

- tropical (adj): from or relating to the area between the two tropics
- tropics: the hottest area of the earth, the area on either side of the equator
- equator: an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the earth an equal distance from the
North Pole and the South Pole
- heavily: to a great degree
- clear up: If the weather clears up, the cloud and rain disappear
- off (adv): away from a place or position, especially the present place, position, or time
- coast: the land next to or close to the sea

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- crowded: full of people

crowded ≠ uncrowded
- sightseeing (noun): the activity of visiting interesting places, especially by people on
holiday
sightsee (verb)
- museum: a building where objects of historical, scientific, or artistic interest are kept
- temple: a building used for the worship of a god or gods in some religions
- lush: a lush area has a lot of green, healthy plants, grass, and trees
- pearl: a small, round object, usually white, that forms around a grain of sand inside the shell
of a sea creature, especially an oyster
- fascinating: extremely interesting
- mining: the industry or activity of removing substances such as coal or metal from the
ground by digging
- jungle: a tropical forest in which trees and plants grow very closely together
- marvellous: extremely good
- memory: a) the ability to remember information, experiences, and people
b) something that you remember from the past

island pearl museum temple

windsurfing waterskiing sailing sightseeing

The benefits of travelling:

- Travel calms your mind and ensures peace and encourages positive feelings.
- International travelling boosts creativity through experiences.
- Travelling is an opportunity to discover new cultures, which enhances your tolerance
towards different people.
- Travelling reduces stress and eases anxiety.
- World travel teaches us to appreciate the beauty of nature.
- Tavelling is way to bridge new relationships and learn foreign languages.
-ern:
an adjective suffix occurring with names of directions
North  Northern
South  Southern
East  Eastern
West  Western

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

The environment does matter

- “Earth is not a gift from our parents, it is a loan from our children.” Kenyan proverb
- “The Earth is what we all have in common.” Wendell Berry
- “One of the first conditions of happiness is that the link between man and nature shall not be
broken.” Leo Tolstoy
- “The environment is where we all meet; where we all have a mutual interest; it is the one
thing all of us share.” Lady Bird Johnson
- “We cannot say we love the land and then take steps to destroy it for use by future
generations.” John Paul II
Vocabulary:
- pollution (noun): the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or
thing that has harmful or poisonous effects.
Pollute (verb)
Polluted (adj)
Pollutant (noun): a substance that pollutes something
- contaminate (verb): make (something) impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or
polluting substance.
Contamination (noun)
Contaminated (adj)
- smog: fog or haze combined with smoke and other atmospheric pollutants
- release (verb/noun): allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free
- fumes: harmful gases released by cars and factories.
- rubbish = garbage = litter = waste
- blanket (noun): a cloth cover
blanket (verb): to cover
- catastrophic (adj): causing sudden and very great harm or destruction
catastrophe (noun): a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction
- count (verb): to have value or importance
- rest in the hands of: is the responsibility of
- odd: unusual
- warm up: get hotter
- be likely: will probably
- decent (adj): socially acceptable or good
decency (noun): behaviour that is good, moral, and acceptable in society
- desert (noun): an area, often covered with sand or rocks, where there is very little rain and
not many plants
desert (verb): to leave
- drought: a long period when there is little or no rain
- flood (noun): a large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
flood (verb): to cause to fill or become covered with water, especially in a way that causes
problems
- gas: a substance in a form like air that is neither solid nor liquid
- global warming: the increase in global average temperature.
- climate change: a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to

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define Earth’s local, regional and global climates

- greenhouse effect: a process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's
heat.
- greenhouse gas: a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide

Causes of pollution:

Types of pollution Causes

Air pollution - Forest fires
- Emissions from vehicles and factories
- Wars
Land pollution - Improper disposal of waste: illegal dumping and mining
- Excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Water pollution - Marine dumping
- oil spill
- sewage
Noise - traffic noise
- Air craft noise
- noise from the industries, the construction and engineering
works

Effects of pollution:

Types of pollution Effects

Air pollution - Acid rain
- Ozone depletion
- respiratory problems
Land pollution - The imbalance of nature
- It results in carious skin problems
- pesticides can damage crops, kill vegetation and poison animals
Water pollution - Diseases like Cholera, Malaria, and typhoid
- Aquatic life gets destroyed
Noise - hearing loss
- high blood pressure and stress
- sleep disturbance

Causes of global warming:

- Trees help to regulate the climate by absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere. When they are
cut down, that beneficial effect is lost.
- When we burn fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas to create electricity or power our cars, we
release CO2 pollution into the atmosphere.
- Cows and sheep produce large amounts of methane, a greenhouse gas, when they digest
their food.
- Fertilisers containing nitrogen produce nitrous oxide emissions.
Impacts of global warming:
- The Arctic Ocean is expected to become essentially ice free.
- Droughts and heatwaves will cause more dramatic water shortages and increase the risk of
wildfires.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

- Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding.

- Hurricanes will become stronger and more intense
- Disruption of habitats could drive many plant and animal species to extinction.
-Allergies, asthma, and infectious disease outbreaks will become more common due to higher
levels of air pollution.
Solutions to global warming:
- Renewable energy must be deployed quickly in order to reduce pollution.
- Change those light bulbs. LED lightbulbs use up to 80 percent less energy
- Eat less meat and go vegetarian
- Switching to low-carbon fuels.
- Reforestation helps to combat global warming
- Walk, cycle or take public transport
If they get it wrong, there will be no need to worry about anything else.

If + simple present + future

 We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations, we believe are real or possible.

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Social matters
Vocabulary:
Obesity / Starvation / overpopulation / Homelessness / water sacarcity / gender inequality

overpopulation starvation homelessness

water scarcity gender inequality obesity

He was running barefoot I can’t bear this stifling heat I have a lot of saggy skin on
my stomach since I lost
weight.

Many of the refugees are This year severe drought has There were reports of
suffering from severe ruined the crops. refugees dying of famine
malnutrition

- bare (adj): not clothed or covered.

- barefoot: wearing nothing on the feet.
- crop (noun): an amount of produce harvested at one time.
crop (verb): harvest plants or their produce from a particular area.
- drought: a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water.
- entail (verb)= necessitate: to involve or make something necessary
- famine: extreme scarcity of food.
- heartbreaking: causing overwhelming distress; very upsetting.

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- heat (noun): the quality of being hot; high temperature.

- malnutrition: lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating
enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
- serious: severe in effect; bad:
- solve: find a solution
- starve (verb): to (cause someone to) become very weak or die because there is not enough
food to eat
starvation (noun): the state of having no food for a long period, often causing death
- stifling: extremely hot and unpleasant
- tour (noun): a visit to a place or area, especially one during which you look around the place
or area and learn about it
- tragedy (noun): a very sad event or situation, especially one involving death or suffering
tragic (adj)
- widespread (adj): existing or happening in many places and/or among many people

indifference (noun) / indifferent excitement (noun) / excited helplessness (noun) /

(adj) (adj) helpless (adj)

surprise (noun) / surprised (adj) compassion (noun) / sadness (noun) / sad (adj)
compassionate (adj)

Comparative form Vs Superlative form:

Adjectives are words that are used to describe or modify nouns or pronouns.
There are two types of adjectives:

Short adjectives Long adjectives

Definition Example Definition Example
One-syllable adjectives Fast / nice Two-syllable adjectives Modern / pleasant
not ending in “Y”
Two-syllable adjectives Happy / easy Three-syllable adjectives Expensive / difficult
ending in “Y”

Comparative form:
Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between two objects or two people.

Superlative form:
Superlative adjectives are used to describe a person or an object that is at the upper or lower limit of a
quality.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Short adjective Long adjective

Comparative form Short adjective + er + than More + long adjective + than
Superlative form The + short adjective + est The + most + long adjective

Spelling of comparatives and superlatives with one-syllable adjectives:

Type of adjective Comparative Superlative
Adjectives ending in-e Add-r: add -st:
e.g: finer, nicer e.g.: finest, nicest
Adjectives with one double the final consonant and add - double the final consonant and
vowel + one consonant: er: add -est:
e.g.: bigger, hotter e.g.: biggest, hottest
Two-syllable adjectives Change “y” into “i” and add -er: Change “y” into “i” and add -
ending in -y e.g.: happier, easier est:
e.g.: happiest, easiest

Irregular comparatives and superlatives:

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Good Better Best

Bad Worse Worst
Far Farther / further Farthest / furthest
Little Less Least

Late Latter Last

Much / Many More Most
Old Older / elder Oldest / eldest

How to help those affected by natural disasters:

- Donating money
- Providing animals with shelter
- Reforming the education system
- Reinforcing of the rule of law
- Fostering orphans
- Volunteering in rescue efforts
- Raising awareness
- Donating blood
- Sending humanitarian aid

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Education matters
'Seek knowledge from the Cradle to the Grave' —Prophet Muhammad
“A child without education is like a bird without wings.” —Tibetan Proverb.
Vocabulary:
- alphabet: a set of letters arranged in a fixed order, used for writing a language
- confidence (noun): the quality of being certain of your abilities or of having trust in people
confident (adj)
- course: a set of classes or a plan of study on a particular subject, usually leading to an exam
or qualification
- direction: the position towards which someone or something moves or faces
- drop out: to not do something that you were going to do, or to stop doing something before
you have completely finished
dropout (noun): a person who leaves school, college, or university before completing a
qualification
- endless (adj): never finishing, or seeming never to finish
- fall behind: to fail to do something fast enough or on time
- get stuck: be unable to move further
- literacy (noun): the ability to read and write
illiteracy (noun): a lack of the ability to read and write
literate (adj) ≠ illiterate (adj)
- map: a drawing of the earth's surface, or part of that surface, showing the shape and position
of different countries, political borders, natural features such as rivers and mountains, and
artificial features such as roads and buildings
- move (verb/noun): change position
- nightmare: a very upsetting or frightening dream
- play truant: to be regularly absent from school without permission
truant (noun): a child who is regularly absent from school without permission
truancy (noun): the problem or situation of children being absent from school regularly
without permission
- pretend (verb): to behave as if something is true when you know that it is not, especially in
order to deceive people or as a game
- spell (noun): a short period of a particular type of weather
Causes of dropping out of school:
1) Bad company
2) Early or unlimited exposure to alcohol, drugs, internet, and television can distract children
from pursuing academics
3) Inability to cope with the academic pressure
4) Students belonging to low-income families are more likely to drop out of school
5) Illnesses that occur during childhood and continue lifelong may curb a child’s ability to
complete school.
6) Many kids find school boring
Impacts of dropping out of school:
1) Dropouts face social stigma(= a strong lack of respect for a person or a group of people or
a bad opinion of them because they have done something society does not approve of)
2) They have fewer job opportunities

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

3) They earn lower salaries

4) Young men without a diploma are more likely to wind up in prison  juvenile
delinquency (= the habitual committing of criminal acts or offences by a young person)
5) There is always a feeling of regret for those who drop out of school
Ways to decrease the dropout rate:
1) To present students with data on how dropping out can impact aspects of their well-being,
such as income and life expectancy.
2) When students enjoy a positive school environment, they’ll want to participate and stay in
school.
3) Educators can use technology as a tool to boost learning and keep the students’ attention.
4) To provide students in poor countries with nutritious meals and health care to encourage
them not to leave school
The benefits of education:
1) Attending school creates more job opportunities
2) People with higher education are more likely to get high-paying jobs.
3) The educational system teaches us how to obtain and develop critical and logical
thinking and make independent decisions.
4) People who grew up poor but educated themselves have high chances to transform their lives,
thus contributing to a decrease in society’s poverty rates.
5) Education is vital for modern society as it helps to acquire knowledge. Thus, being able to
contribute to modern society.
6) Digital education helps connect with people and organizations around the world.
7) Education introduces empowerment by giving people more knowledge about their
rights and freedoms.

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Writing
bank

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How to write a biography

Birth - He/She was born on + date (on February 6, 1950)
- He/She was born in + year (in 1950)
- He/She was born in + place (in Paris)
Family - His/ Her father’s name was … / His/Her mother’s name was …
- His/Her father was a + job / His/Her mother a + job
- He/she has … brothers and … sisters
Childhood - He/She lived in + place
- He/She was brought up by + person
Education - He/She studied … (french/ music / mathematics)
- His/Her major was in …. (french/ music / mathematics)
- He went to + school/college
- He/She did not (go to / attend) school
- He/She was interested in … (french/ music / mathematics)
Marriage - He/ she married + person in + year (he married Diana in 1950)
- He/She got married to + person in + year (he got married to Diana in
1950)
- He/ she divorced + person in + year (he divorced Diana in 1950)
Children - He/She had … Children
- He/She had … sons and … daughters
- He/She did not have any children
Job / occupation - He/She was a …
- He/She first worked as a …
- He/She became …
Reaons for being - He/She wrote … /composed … / painted … / discovered … /
famous invented … / created …
Awards - He/She won … (he won the Nobel Prize)
- He/She was awarded … (She was awarded the Nobel Prize)
Death - He/She died on + date / in + year
- He died of a heart attack / cancer / disease
- He/She died in a car accident / plane crash
- He/She commited a suicide
- He/She died at the age of …

Use the following notes to write Roger Federer’s biography

Birth 8 August 1981 Basel/ Switzerland

Profession Tennis player / philanthropist

Philanthropic * Establishing / Roger Federer Foundation / 18 years ago

Activities
* Dedicating fortune / improve the lives of children/ whole world
* providing / opportunity /poor children/for good education
*organizing celebrities tennis matches / raising money / reducing
poverty

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Roger Federer was born on August 8, 1981. While he is best known as one of the greatest
tennis players in the world, he is also a renowned philanthropist. 18 years ago, he established
Roger Federer Foundation. The tennis legend has dedicated his fortune to improve the
children’s lives around the world. His philanthropic activities aim at reducing poverty and
providing poor children with better opportunities for good education. The foundation raises its
organizing exhibition tennis matches
Use the following hints to write Marie Curie’s biography:
Birth November 7, 1867 (Warsaw)
Occupation Physicist / chemist
Education Sorbonne University
Family Husband Pierre Curie / children: 2
Achievement Discovery of Radioactivity
Awards Noble Prize in Physics (1903)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)
Death July 4, 1934 (France) / exposure to radiation

…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

How to write an advertisement

1) Grab your reader's attention. Choose a great headline to get your reader's attention.
a) The “Tired of Your Problems?” Headline
example: Tired Of The Daily Humdrum Life?
b) The “Problem/Solution” Headline
example: Eager To Go On Holiday? Visit Tunisia
c) The “Too Good to Refuse” Headline
example: Seven good Reasons Why Tunisia Is A Must Visit Destination
d) The “Feature-Focused” Headline
example: Discover The Cradle Of The Arab Spring
2) Create Interest. - After you've created a headline that will capture attention, you will have to get
your prospects interested in what you are offering.
3) Call to Action! Now is the time to pounce! Tell them what Action you want them to take to obtain
the desired product/service.

DO YOU FEEL IT?

The world. It's still out there. That city you've longed to explore. The beach you can feel as you
close your eyes and breath in. The natural wonder dancing in your soul, pulling you toward the
door. The world. It’s waiting for you. And, we feel it, too.
Come sail the most luxurious fleet in the world and rediscover the comfort and security found
aboard our smaller ships, with never a crowd and with every luxury included. Explore each
captivating port, returning each night to your own suite, refreshed and replenished daily, while
savouring the most exquisite luxury dining at sea.
The world is waiting. Begin your journey with Regent.

Useful expressions to describe a place to visit

- … is situated in … / … is located … / … lies in …
- it is only one hour’s drive from … / it is just two hours’ flight from …
- …offers a remarkable diversity of landscape
- … is rich with various historical sites
- … has a bucketful of tourist attractions
- … was a home to different civilisations and each one of them has left something behind in
terms of influencing the culture of the country / city / island
- There are many restaurants that offer delicious/luscious dishes.
- There is a wide range of luxurious(=sumptuous = lavish) hotels/resorts

Now, write your own ad about Djerba using the following notes:

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview


Destination: Djerba, the Dream Island

Location: The heart of the Mediterranean Sea

Refuel your energy with a boat tour and luscious sea food

Main features: kind people / white domed houses / sandy beaches / crystal-clear water
/ warm weather / luxurious resorts
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Useful expressions to describe a festival

- It is held in … every …
- It is celebrated on + date / in + month
- This festival takes place every … in …
- The festival spans over a period over a period of … days / It lasts for ….
- The festival is coupled with various events: parades, contests, exhibitions ….
Useful expressions to talk about an institution
- It was founded in … / It was established in … / it was set up in … / it was created in …
- It is headquartered in … / Its headquarter is located in ..
- (The institution) 's mission is to … / it seeks to … / it aims to + verb (bare infinitive form) /
it aims at + verb (ing) / It is committed to + verb (ing)
- The main sources of funding are … / to finance its activities, it resorts to …

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How to write a chart report

Different types of charts

Table Bar chart

Line graph Pie chart

Introduction:
a) State the type of the chart
b) State what the chart is about
verbs used to introduce what the chart is about: illustrate / show / depict / compare ….
c) State the source of the chart
Body:
State the details and detect patterns.
The following vocabulary may help:
Verbs: rise, increase, grow, go up to, climb, boom, peak, fall, decline, decrease, drop, dip, go down,
reduce, level up, remain stable, no change, remain steady, stay constant, stay, maintain the same
level, crash, collapse, plunge, plummet.
Adjectives: sharp, rapid, huge, dramatic, substantial, considerable, significant, slight, small,
minimal, massive.
Adverbs: dramatically, rapidly, hugely, massive, sharply, steeply, considerably, substantially,
significantly, slightly, minimally, markedly.
There is also a list of adverbs to describe the speed of a change: rapidly, quickly, swiftly, suddenly,
steadily, gradually, slowly.
Conclusion
State what the main trends or changes are

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The pie charts below show the devices people in the 18 to 25 age group use to watch
television in Canada in two different years.

The two pie charts illustrate [1]. One of the key changes over this decade is the transition
from conventional televisions to flat-screens, [2]. The latter has replaced the former as the
most popular TV viewing device.
Another general trend is that younger people are [3]. In particular, the use of mobile phones
for viewing purposes has increased by almost three quarters to 26% and [4].
Overall then, it can be said that the two pie charts suggest [5].
a- now watching television on smaller, more portable devices than in 2009.
b- with the former falling from 34% to 4% and the latter rising from 8% to 27% for the
period, making it the number one television device
c-the TV viewing habits in Canada over the period saw a move away from older devices and
towards more modern equivalents.
d- the appliances that young adults in Canada use to watch television programmes and how
this has changed over the ten-year period from 2009 to 2019.
e- tablet use seeing an almost four-fold increase to 19%.
1+ … 2+… 3 +… 4+… 5+…

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How to write an article

Heading: The heading of the article should be engaging and catchy and it should not exceed more
than 5 to 6 words. Make sure your heading doesn’t have any spelling mistakes or grammar errors.

Introduction: It should be accurate. Precisely explain what the article is talking about. You go from
the general to the specific. Try giving some quotations, facts, anecdote or statistics to excite the
interest of the readers. Then, you state your thesis statement i.e. you state your point of view on the
topic directly and often in one sentence.
Body:
* topic sentence: it is a sentence that introduces a paragraph by presenting the one topic that will be the
focus of that paragraph.
* Supporting details: they can be defined as additional information that explains, defines or proves an
idea. You can rely on facts, statistics, opinions, examples and personal observations
* Concluding: it is a paraphrase of the thesis statement
Conclusion:
It is a summary of the main points
REMEMBER
Before you begin writing it is important to consider:
• who are the intended readers - a specific group such as students or teenagers, or adults in
general?
• what is the aim of the article - to advise, suggest, inform, compare and contrast, describe,…
An opinion article:

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A for and against article

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How to write a formal letter

The outline of a formal letter

Opening paragraph: Use your opening paragraph to introduce the reason for
writing the letter.
Main body: Use this space to delve into the issues raised in the opening paragraph.
You provide supporting details
Closing statement: Ensure that you include a closing statement in order to thank the
recipient for their time, knowledge or help, to ask for action or to wish the advice
that you gave to the recipient are helpful.
Signing off: Signing off at the end of your letter is one of your last opportunities to
make an impression. E.g: Yours sincerely / Yours respectfully / Yours truly / Yours
faithfully

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Useful Language for Letters Giving Advice

Opening Remarks:
- Thank you for your letter requesting
- I am writing in reply to your letter asking for advice about
- I hope the following advice will be of some help to you
Suggestions can be introduced with expressions such as:
- I strongly recommend that
- I would suggest that
- I believe the best course of action is
- I would advise you to
- You should / You ought to / If I were you I would
Closing Remarks:
- I trust you will accept this advice
- I hope this will be of help
- I would very much like to know if this was helpful

Sample
Dear Sandy,

Thanks for your recent letter. I’m glad to hear that you are doing well, and I think that it’s
great that you have so many options for your future. You’re really lucky to have such a choice
to make, but let me tell you why I think you should get a job rather than go to college.
Nowadays, everyone seems to be going to college. It’s become such a common thing that
degrees and diplomas are actually being devalued and it’s the people who go out into the
world and get a job that are succeeding. Aside from that, I know that you really hated school
and could never seem to sit still long enough to get much value from a class. I just don’t see
you really getting much out of college and so maybe you’d function better in a regular job.
You were great in all of our practical classes like woodwork, so why don’t you look into
getting an apprenticeship as a carpenter or something like that? These people are making a
lot of money nowadays and so it’s a useful skill to have. By the time everyone graduates from
college and are fighting over the same jobs, you’ll be an experienced professional earning a
great salary.
Think about it and let me know. I’ll support you whatever you choose to do.
Best,
David

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Useful expressions for letters of complaint

INTRODUCTORY/OPENING (reason for writing)
- I am writing in connection with… to complain about / … to draw your attention to…
- I have to say that I was not at all satisfied with...
- I am sorry to say that I was extremely disappointed with…
- I am writing to complain about…
- I feel I must complain to you about…
- I wish to complain in the strongest terms about…
MAIN PART (state exactly what happened)
- Although you advertise ‘top quality’, I felt that the product I received was well below the
standard I expected.
- The goods were faulty/damaged/in poor condition.
- There seems to be an error in the invoice/ a misunderstanding
CONCLUSION/CLOSING
- I hope that this matter can be resolved…
- I hope that you will deal with this matter promptly as it is causing me considerable
inconvenience.
- I feel/believe that I am entitled to a replacement/ refund… I demand a full refund/an
immediate replacement/etc or I shall be forced to take legal action/the matter further.
- I hope that I will not be forced to take further action.
Sample:
Dear David,

I am writing this letter as a formal complaint against the hapless service I received at your
resort, Holiday Getaway in Las Vegas on 25 July 2013.
I had booked a week’s stay for my family and me at your resort between 25 July 2013 to 01
August 2013. I reserved travel tickets after receiving confirmation of accommodation
availability from your office.
We were not given the accommodation as promised on arrival and were left waiting in the
lobby for three hours before any customer care official could speak with us. We were
informed that certain guests had overstayed due to which the accommodation allotted was not
vacant.
Instead, we were offered two single-room accommodations. I had to stay in another hotel
since I did not want to cancel my reservations and had to bear unforeseen expenditure.
I am disturbed by your team’s mismanagement and insensitivity and would like to lodge a
formal complaint. I request your office to take immediate action and compensate me for the
lodging expenses I incurred and for the inconvenience caused.
You can call me on 76232345 or mail me at [email protected] for any further clarifications.
Regards,
Alicia Miles

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Useful expressions for letters of application

First paragraph
- I am writing in response to your advertisement in (newspaper name)
- Please accept this letter as an expression of my interest in the position of…
- I would like to express my interest in the position of….
- I am writing to express my interest in the …. position at … (company name).
- As a recent graduate with …. experience, I believe I am a strong candidate for a position at
… (company name).
- Although I am a recent university graduate, my .… (skill) and …. (skill) will make me an
excellent candidate for ….
Second paragraph
- As seen from my enclosed résumé, my experience and accomplishments match the
requirements of this position.
- I would like to point out …. (information relevant to the position).
- During my two years with … (company name), I initiated extensive improvements that
resulted in garnering 30 more clients for the period ending ….
- I possess the right combination of …. skills to be an asset to your organisation.
- For the past two years I have been working as …. at …. (company name). Experience has
taught me how to .…
Third paragraph
- I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss how my qualifications make
me ideally suited to the position.
- I would appreciate the opportunity to meet and speak with you in person.
- I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my potential contributions to
your company.
- I believe that my skill-set perfectly matches your requirements.
- I look forward to hearing from you / to speaking with you about….
- I look forward to your response.
- If I may, I will contact you next week to discuss ….
- Thank you for your time and consideration.
- My CV contains additional information on ….
- It would be an honour to start my career with your company, and I am confident that I will
be an asset to the business.

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You found an interesting job advertised online that you would like to apply for. Write a job
application letter (around 200 words) to the employer, addressing the following:
• Introduce yourself and discuss what job you’re applying for. (BULLET POINT 1)
• Your positive character traits and how they’ll help you do the job. (BULLET POINT 2)
• Your job skills and how they’ll help you be successful at work. (BULLET POINT 3)
• You work history and how this qualifies you for the position. (BULLET POINT 4)
Sample Job Application Letter (with reference to the bullet points):
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m writing to apply for the Distribution Supervisor management position you recently
advertised online. My name is Mark Marosi and I’m interested in this job because I believe
I’d be a great fit for your multinational company, which I’ve always admired.
(INTRO/BULLET POINT 1)
I’m very organized and task-driven, two traits that will help me manage employees at your
company during the product distribution process. I’m also a detailed-oriented perfectionist, a
trait that would set high standards for all of the individuals I would be responsible for
supervising. (BULLET POINT 2)
Not only do I have a Master’s in Business Management and Product Distribution, but I’ve
also been working in this field of distribution, supervision, and management for many years.
Please see my attached resume for more details as well as the recommendation letters I’ve
submitted from previous employers. I currently work for Compflex, a computer chip
manufacturer that distributes products worldwide. Here I manage more than 50 employees
and coordinate international distribution with more than 100 vendors. My skills and work
experience history will help me succeed at your company. (BULLET POINTS 3 and 4)
I am available for a job interview anytime. Please contact me at the email or phone number
below if you would like to schedule an interview. (CONCLUSION)
Sincerely,
Mark Marosi

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How to write a speech

Planning Guidelines Useful expressions
1) Greeting and welcoming the audience Ladies and gentlemen
Honourable guests
I am honoured
It is my pleasure
2) Introducing yourself I am ….
My name is ….
I'm a volunteer with (organization).
3) Catching your audience’s attention (a As the proverb goes
Introduction

question, an anecdote, a quote, statistics, I quote …

…) … once said
Figures show/prove that …
4) Thesis statement: (you state the scope I'm going to speak about
of your speech) I am here to shed light on
It’s more than evident / no one can deny / it’s
undeniable / we shall admit / studies have
proved that/ Undeniably/ Undoubtedly/
Unquestionably, Without doubt/ Without a
shadow of a doubt/ There’s not a single doubt/
incontrovertibly….
1) first supporting argument Linkers:
2) Second supporting argument To start with / Starting with / To begin with /
3) third supporting argument Firstly / Initially
Addition
- Moreover / Furthermore / In
Main points

addition / Besides / What's more Used after

a full stop and separated from the sentences.
They are introduced by a comma.
- As well as / In addition to used to add one
more piece of information. Followed by a
noun.
Exemplification
- For example / For instance / such as

Restating your thesis statement and Summary:

Conclusion

thanking the audience in brief, on the whole, in sum, to sum up, thus,
in conclusion, all in all, in a nutshell.
Thanking:
Thank you for your attention

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Correction code

Symbol Type of error Example Correct sentence

SV Subject-Verb The team always play on Saturday. The team always plays on Saturday.
agreement There is five employees. There are five employees.
Everybody have traditions Everybody has traditions.
Sg/Pl Wrong Singular or I want to become a famous business I want to become a famous business
Plural form women. woman.
Many problems have been resolved
Many problem have been resolved through cooperation.
through cooperation.
WW Wrong word The food is delicious. Besides the The food is delicious. Therefore, the
restaurant is always crowded. restaurant is always crowded.
I didn’t hear which you said. I didn’t hear what you said.
WT Wrong tense He visits London last month. He visited London last month.
Millions of fish lived in the sea. Millions of fish live in the sea.
They have been together since they first They have been together since they
have met in high school. first met in high school.
WF Wrong form The sad news made me depressing. The sad news made me depressed.
She works slow. She works slowly.
We will become independence thinkers We will become independent
and writers. thinkers and writers.
I washed the car me. I washed the car myself.
You should checking the weather before You should check the weather before
you go out! you go out!
WO Wrong order I like very much music. I like music very much.
Where you do work? Where do you work?
SP Spelling mistake The maneger is a woman. The manager is a woman.
We’ve spent a lot on the children’s We’ve spent a lot on the children’s
edication. education.

P Punctuation Where do you live. Where do you live?

she lives in berlin, germany. She lives in Berlin, Germany.
X Extra word Kelly and Ian lost in touch with each Kelly and Ian lost touch with each
other. other.
I am going to shopping. I’m going shopping.
I like the cheese. I like cheese.
M Missing word/ I am going read a book. I am going to read a book.
words They not from Ecuador. They are not from Ecuador.
The overuse of technology has negative The overuse of technology has
on health and wellbeing. negative effects on health and
wellbeing?
R Register I wish everyone could see this pretty I wish everyone could see this
house. beautiful house.
Professionals need to look at the
Professionals need to look at the country’s rich history.
country’s wealthy history. Buying a house requires a lot of time
and effort.

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 Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

Buying a home requires a lot of time and

effort.
? Not clear To be go to the shop went out.
the life at like new friends
Pre Wrong preposition Don’t laugh of me. Don’t laugh at me.
We haven’t met on real life. We haven’t met in real life.
Are you satisfied to your new car? Are you satisfied with your new car?
Anna’s birthday is in 22nd July. Anna’s birthday is on 22nd July.
RW Rewrite this part I very often trying new I often try new things.
Music likes me I like music.
// Start a new
sentence/
paragraph
irr irrelevant Travelling helps you relieve stress and Travelling helps you relieve stress and
anxiety. It also teaches you about the anxiety. It also teaches you about the
world. In fact, to travel is to explore new world. In fact, to travel is to explore
countries, experience new cultures and new countries, experience new
meet different people. Travelling is cultures and meet different people.
nothing but a waste of time and money. Travel boosts up your confidence.
Travel boosts up your confidence.

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Nouri Chakroun Hencha High School 1st form: An overview

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