Lab Report 3
Course Code: EEE 1302
Course Title: Electronic Circuits I Lab
Experiment No: 03
Experiment Name: Determine the Characteristics of Diode and half wave
rectifier simulation using Pspice.
Submitted By:
Name: Nusrat Jannat Tithy
ID: 223014116
Section: 04
Submitted to:
Name: Atik Jawad
Senior Lecturer,
Dept. of EEE.
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh (ULAB).
Date of Submission: 11/02/2024
Experiment Name: Determine the Characteristics of Diode and half wave
Rectifier simulation using Pspice.
Objective:
To obtain the characteristics of ideal diode and Zener diode by schematics. Additionally,
understand the half wave rectifier input output curve using schematics.
Tools: Pspice software.
Apparatus:
1) Resistor
2) Diode
3) Vdc
4) Ground Earth
Theory:
Ideal Diode: The key function of an ideal diode is to control the direction of current-flow. An
ideal diode is a diode that acts like a perfect conductor when voltage is applied forward biased and
like a perfect insulator when voltage is applied reverse biased. So when positive voltage is applied
across the anode to the cathode, the diode conducts forward current instantly. When voltage is
applied in reverse, the diode conducts no current at all.
Zener Diode: A Zener Diode, also referred to as a breakdown diode, is a highly doped
semiconductor device specifically designed to function in the reverse direction. It is engineered
with a wide range of Zener voltages (Vz), and certain types are even adjustable to achieve variable
voltage regulation. When the voltage across a Zener diode’s terminals is reversed and reaches the
Zener Voltage (also known as the knee voltage), the junction experiences a breakdown, allowing
current to flow in the opposite direction. This phenomenon, known as the Zener Effect, is a key
characteristic of Zener diodes.
Half Wave Rectifier: Half-wave rectifiers transform AC voltage to DC voltage. A halfwave
rectifier circuit uses only one diode for the transformation. A halfwave rectifier is defined as a type
of rectifier that allows only one-half cycle of an AC voltage waveform to pass while blocking the
other half cycle. Half-wave rectifiers can be easily constructed using only one diode, but are less
efficient than full-wave rectifiers.
Since diodes only carry current in one direction, they can serve as a simple half-wave rectifier.
Only passing half of an AC current causes irregularities, so a capacitor is usually used to smooth
out the rectified signal before it can be usable.
Procedure :
1) To start a Pspice at first we opened “Capture Student”.
2) Then we Clicked: File => New => Project Name and then we selected Analog or Mixed A/D”
and clicked OK Select.
3) Then we opened “Create a blank project” and clicked OK.
4) Then we added Library and after adding the library we placed parts of the circuit.
5) For normal diode we used D1N4002 and then in simulation settings we added DC sweep and
start value -30 and end value 0 and also give increment 1 for both forward and reverse bias diode.
6) And then after adding current indicator we ran the simulation and found a graph of both forward
and reverse bias diode.
7) Same process for Zener diode the start value for the DC Sweep is -30 to 30 and a increment of
+1..
8) And also we put ground earth for both the circuits of ideal diode and Zener diode.
Picture of an ideal diode by schematics:
Fig no: 01
Fig no: 02
Picture of Zener diode by schematics:
Fig no: 03
Fig no: 04
Half way Rectifier:
Procedure:
1. First of all we open the schematics software and drew the given circuit below in fig no 05.
The circuit contains AC voltage source (Vsin), resistor, diode and took a ground.
2. Now, we save the simulation and set time period.
3. Then we took voltage marker in the circuit.
4. Finally, we run the circuit and got the input output waveform of the circuit.
Fig no: 05
Result:
Fig no: 06
Discussion:
In this experiment we learnt how to determine the characteristics of ideal diode and Zener Diode
in schematics. In ideal diode there is a large increase in forward bias but not in reverse bias .But
in Zener diode there is an increase in forward bias and there is also increase in reverse bias but
only after the breakdown voltage.
By the half wave rectifier simulation we got to know about the half way rectification circuit
characteristics. For positive half cycle the circuit work but for negative half cycle the circuit does
not work. This characteristics is opposite of full wave rectifier.
We have to avoid technical problem and also have to avoid parallax error. And also we have to
repeat the procedure to get more valid and accurate result.
