02-03-2024

CE-PC601: Design and Drawing of

Steel Structures

Topic: Riveted Connections

S. Lalit Sagar
Doctoral Candidate & PMRF Scholar
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi,
Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016
Email: [email protected]

Outline
Riveted connection
 Types of rivets
 Permissible stresses in rivets
 Types of riveted joints
 Specifications of riveted joints as per IS:800-2007
 Failure of a riveted joint
 Assumptions in the theory of riveted joints
 Strength and efficiency of a riveted joint
 Design of riveted joints for axially loaded members

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Riveted connection: Types of rivets

 Following three types of connections are
made in steel structures:
 Riveted
 Bolted
 Welded
 Rivet: It is a metal pin with head at one
end and shank at the other. The usual
form of rivet head is the snap head.
 Snap and pan head form a projection
beyond the plate face.
Classification of rivet based
 When the projection beyond the plate on the shape of the head
face is an objection, countersunk rivet
heads are provided.

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Riveted connection: Types of rivets

 Classification of rivets based on the  Classification of rivets based on the
heating process: location of fabrication and quality:
 Hot driven rivets  Shop rivets
 Cold driven rivets  Field rivets

Symbols used for different

types of rivets

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Riveted connection: Permissible stresses in rivets

 The permissible stresses are based on working stress method…

 NOTE: Kindly remember the values in the above table as the values are
not present in IS:800-2007.

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Riveted connection: Types of riveted joints

 Lap joint: Two members to be connected are overlapped and connected
together. The load in the lap joint has eccentricity as the centre of gravity of load
in one member and the C.G. in the other member are not in the same line.
 Butt joint: Two members to be connected are placed end-to-end together.
Additional plate/s provided on either one or both sides called cover plates are
placed and connected to the main plates as shown in the subsequent diagrams.

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Riveted connection: Types of riveted joints

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Specifications of riveted joints as per IS:800-2007

 The following terms are used in a riveted connection:

 Pitch of the rivets (p): Centre-to-centre

spacing of the rivets in a row measured
along the direction of loading.
 Gauge distance (g): Distance between two
consecutive rows of rivets measured
perpendicular to the loading direction.
 Edge distance (e): Distance between centre
of the rivet hole to the plate edge.
Terminology used in the
 End distance (e’): Distance of nearest rivet riveted connection
hole from the end of the plate.

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Specifications for riveted joints as per IS:800-2007

1. Provisions for the clearance of fastener holes provides as per Table 19 of IS:800-
2007.
2. Pitch (p) shall not be less than 2.5d where d is the nominal diameter of the rivet.

S. Lalit Sagar, IITD CE-PC601: Design and Drawing of Steel Structures Slide 9 of 30

Specifications for riveted joints as per IS:800-2007

3. Pitch (p) shall not be more than:
a) 16t or 200 mm, whichever is less in case of tension members
b) 12t or 200 mm, whichever is less in case of compression members
where t is the thickness of thinnest member.
4. For butt joint, minimum pitch (p) shall not be more than 4.5d where d is the nominal
diameter of the rivet, for 1.5 times the width of the plate from the face of butting
surfaces.
5. Gauge length (g) should not be more than 100 + 4t or 200 mm, whichever is less.
6. Minimum edge and end distances shall not be less than:
a) 1.7 times the hole diameter for sheared edges
b) 1.5 times the hole diameter for machine flame cut edges
7. Maximum edge distance should not exceed:

a) 12tε where t is the thickness of thinner plate and ε is equal to

b) 40 + 4t where t is the thickness of thinner plate if exposed to corrosion.

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Failure of riveted joints

 Riveted joints may fail in any of the following six ways:

 Shear failure of the rivets: Shear stress in the rivet may exceed the value of
working stress in shear.
 Shear failure of the plates: Internal pressure of over-driven (shank length
greater than grip length) rivets placed at lesser than specified edge distance.
 Tension or tearing failure of the plates: Tensile stress in the plate is greater than
working tensile strength. This occurs when the rivets are stronger than plates.
 Splitting of plates: Rivets placed at a distance less than the specified value,
causing the plates to split and shear out.
 Bearing failure of plates: Plates may be crushed when the bearing stress in the
plates exceeds the working bearing stress.
 Bearing failure of rivets: Rivet is crushed around half circumference. The plate
ma be strong in bearing and the heaviest stressed plate crushes the rivet.

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Failure of riveted joints

Failure of the riveted connection

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Assumptions in the theory of riveted joints

 The following assumptions are made in the design of riveted joints:
i. Rivets stressed equally: The rivets in a joint are assumed to be stressed
equally. This is true if the plates are rigid and the rivets elastic. But, outer
rivets are stressed more than the inner rivets due to higher deformation of
the outer rivets.
ii. Rivet hole is completely filled by the rivet: This is true only for cold-driven
rivet as the hot driven rivet are subjected to high shrinkage after cooling.
iii. Friction between the plates is neglected: The load is resisted by friction and
not shearing and bearing when the load is less than the frictional resistance
of the plates.
iv. Uniform shear stress within the
rivet: Shear stress distribution
within a rivet is not uniform within
the elastic range, but it approaches
uniformity near ultimate load. Outer rivets a & c deform more

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Assumptions in the theory of riveted joints

v. Stress in a plate assumed to be uniform:
Stress in a plate is not uniform due to the
concentration of stresses near the holes. It
approached uniformity close to the
ultimate load.
vi. Bending of a rivet is neglected: Bending Stress concentration around hole
of a rivet is generally neglected. It cannot
be neglected for joints of higher grip
length.
vii.Bearing stress is uniform between the Bending stresses in plate
plate and rivets: The load is resisted by
friction and not shearing and bearing
when the load is less than the frictional
resistance of the plates.
Bearing stresses for plate and rivet

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Strength and efficiency of riveted joints

 Shear strength of a riveted joint:
 Strength of plate in shear, bearing and splitting can be ensured by providing
adequate edge distance.
 The strength of a riveted joint is determined by considering the failure of
rivets in shear, bearing and tearing of the plate only.

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Strength and efficiency of riveted joints

 Shear strength of a riveted joint:

Rivets in single shear

(Lap joint)

Rivets in double shear

(Butt joint)
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Strength and efficiency of riveted joints

 Bearing strength of a riveted joint:

Bearing strength
of a rivet

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Strength and efficiency of riveted joints

 Strength of plate in tearing:

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Strength and efficiency of riveted joints

Strength of plate in tearing…:

Rivet value and strength of the joint:

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Design of riveted joints

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Problem 1: Page 1

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Problem 2: Page 1

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Problem 3: Page 1

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Problem 3: Page 2

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Problem 4: Page 1

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Problem 4: Page 2

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Problem 4: Page 3

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Problem 4: Page 4

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Problem 4: Page 5

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Slide 30 of 30

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