International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878 (Online), Volume-7 Issue-4s2, December 2019

Smart Helmet and Bike System

K. Vidhya, M. Kasiselvanathan

Abstract: Nowadays most of the countries are enforcing their project[4]. Each unit has used a separate microcontroller, for
citizen to wear helmet while riding bike and not to ride bike when bike unit ATMEL microcontroller is used. Signal
the person is under the influence of alcohol, but still rules are transmission between the helmet unit and bike unit is using
being violated. In order to overcome this problem, “Accident
a RF concept.
Detection, Theft and Drive protection using Intelligent Wireless
Safety Helmet” is developed. It consists of an intelligent system
embedded into the helmet and the vehicle. Helmet unit ensures II. RELATED WORKS
that the rider is wearing helmet and not under the influence of
In India still most of the people prefer two wheelers
alcohol throughout the ride. It communicates with vehicle unit to
switch off ignition system of bike if above condition is not met. compared to other form of vehicle due to simplicity and its
Vehicle unit checks and intimates accident through geometric low cost. One important problem is bike riders suffer from
coordinates via Short Message Service. By using geometric inadequate roads and bad driving conditions. Other
coordinates, location of the in juried rider can be traced using important problem with bikers is that most of the time they
simple Global Positioning System tracking application. Also, this don’t like to wear helmet which could be fatal when
system provides theft protection as helmet is also essential along
accidents happen. Two wheelers in everyone’s life play vital
with key to start bike.
role, moreover the safety is considered to be primary of all.
Keywords: ATMEL Microcontroller, Arduino, GSM, GPS.
According to some statistics 50% of accident occurs due to
bad conditions of road and not wearing helmet[2]. To avoid
I. INTRODUCTION
accidents and to encourage people to wear helmet is to be
Nowadays there are many accidents occurred in our daily introduced that includes smart interactive robotic helmet
life. This system is mainly for the security purpose and with features like road hazard warning, wireless bike
safety for the bike riders against the accidents. the first step authentication and traffic adaptive mp3 playback. This
in this system is to check whether the helmet has been wear helmet will warn the rider when road hazard is ahead,
or not ,the bike will not start unless the rider wears the helmet will also communicate with rider if he is not wearing
helmet for this we go for FSR sensor which will sense the it and will perform wireless bike authentication that act as
pressure and force. The camera in the bike will check prevention from theft. It will also adjust the volume of the
whether the rider had wear the helmet or not. The second speakers automatically while rider is listening to music as a
step is to identify whether the rider has consumed the safety precaution. Since in India the usage of two wheelers
alcohol or not. An alcohol sensor will check the alcohol in is more compared to four wheelers, it requires more
rider’s breath, in order to prevent the accidents due to attention as far as safety is concerned. Safety-along with
drunken and driving which cause a lot of accidents[1]. security plays a vital role in today’s society. The goal of this
Alcohol sensor is use as breath analyzer which detect the Anti-theft mechanism system is to design embedded safety
presence of alcohol in rider breathe if it is exceeds and security system for vehicle by integrating and
permissible range ignition cannot start. It will send the modifying existing modules. This system endures mainly
message to register number. For this only go for MQ3 with three modules namely Gas sensing module, Obstacle
alcoholic sensor. These two steps are used in helmet unit. detection module and Anti-Theft alert system; these are
Third step is, in case of any accidents GPS system in the interfaced with ATmega16 microcontroller. IR sensors
bike unit will globally locate the rider and immediate transmit signal from its sensor head and again receive the
message will be sent to the family members or local signal reflected from an obstacle and instruct the
authorities about the location of the accident. For this go for microcontroller which alerts the driver with an alarm and
vibration sensor which will sense the pressure of the bike. controls the vehicle by stopping it. The gas sensor here is
The aim of this paper is to make a protection system in a mounted inside the vehicle such that it senses the presence
helmet for a good safety of bike rider. The smart helmet that of the gases inside the vehicle cabin if there is any increase
is fixed with sensors which act as to detect wear helmet or in the level of the toxic gases it informs to the
not. There are two different microcontroller is used in this microcontroller which alerts the persons inside the vehicle
with an alarm and also sends a SMS to the authorized user
through GSM[3] At the same time automatic ventilation will
be provided to the vehicle. When an unauthorized person
Manuscript published on 30 December 2019.
*Correspondence Author(s) opens the car door, the car anti-theft system becomes active
Dr. K. Vidhya, Associate Professor, Department of ECE, Sri Ramakrishna and gives indication by raising an alarm that the car is being
Engineering College, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India. under theft. This design and implementation of intelligent
M. Kasiselvanathan, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sri
Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India. bike system is aimed at making vehicle driving safer than
before.
© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and
Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the
CC-BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: Es2029017519/2019©BEIESP and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org 1
© Copyright: All rights reserved.
 Smart Helmet and Bike System

This is implemented using Arduino. The driver’s alcohol sensor is capable of detecting the alcohol consumed
condition is derived in real time environment and the by the rider and the helmet detection key is used to identify
detection of alcohol is proposed using alcohol detector whether the rider wears the helmet or not. The key and the
connected to Arduino such that when the level of alcohol sensors were connected to an encoder, so the values sent by
crosses a permissible limit, the alcohol sensor and the key were sent as encoded signal
the vehicle ignition system will turn off and the GPS from the smart helmet, which is decoded in the bike circuit
module will capture the present location of the vehicle[5]. to decide whether to allow the person for ignition or not[6].
Also the GSM module will automatically send distress The ignition is controlled by the microcontroller through the
message to police or family members. Disadvantage of relay circuit. Even if the ignition key is turned on, the on
current technology is due to negligence of rider and signal is given only to microcontroller, the microcontroller
difficulty of implementation of traffic rules by traffic police. check for the safety of the rider, if the rider found to be not
Following are the main drawback of existing technology wearing helmet or seems drunken they the controller not tell
• Rider do not wear helmet in regions where the the relay to turn on the ignition, otherwise the controller
traffic checking is not done. asks for the rider to enter the password using the keypad for
• There is a tendency of the driver to wear helmet authenticating the rider and if the authentication is
only where the anticipate checking may take place, successful, relay is allowed to turn on the ignition. If the
else they do not wear helmet where no checking is rider enters the password wrongly, then the bike alerts the
done. user with a SMS using GSM module[7]. In any case if the
• The vehicle can be turned on and stolen by rider met an accident, based on the vibration obtained from
bypassing the ignition switch. the vibration sensor the accident is identified by the
• Testing alcohol content present in blood in each controller and sends an emergency alert to the hospital by
individual rider in big countries like India is almost sending as SMS to hospital number with the GPS location
not possible. obtained from the GPS module as shown in figure 2.

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

The system mainly consists of two major units. The two
units are
• Helmet unit
• Bike unit
Helmet Unit

Alcohol sensor

Encoder

Helmet
detection key

Fig. 1: Block Diagram of Helmet Unit

Microcontroller is the flash type microcontroller in which
already programmed to control the ignition of bike based on
the decoded value of the encoded signal from smart helmet.
It consists of Helmet Detection Key, Alcohol sensor,
Encoder as shown in figure 1.
Bike Unit
LCD

Ignition key

MAX 232 GSM

Vibration
sensor
Microcontroller Relay
GPS

Decoder Fig. 3: Flowchart of the Proposed System

Keypad
Figure 3 shows the flowchart of the proposed system. The
flowchart describes the functionality of the “Accident
Fig. 2: Block Diagram of Bike Unit Detection, Theft detection and drive protection using
intelligent wireless safety helmet”.
This module helps the rider to drive with full safety by
allowing the rider for ignition of bike only if rider wears the
helmet and not drunken alcohol, for doing this the helmet is
provided with alcohol sensor and helmet detection key. The

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: Es2029017519/2019©BEIESP and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org 2
© Copyright: All rights reserved.
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878 (Online), Volume-7 Issue-4s2, December 2019

The helmet unit conditionally checks “Helmet Wearing” whether the head is touch with helmet or not. If it touches
and “Alcohol Sensing”. If condition is met then helmet unit with head,it enables the alcoholic sensor to check the
sends affirmative signal to bike unit through RF alcohol consumption of a person. Based on the Ethane
communication[8] .There after the vehicle start moving. content in the breathe,the alcoholic sensor detects the
When accident take place then GSM module sends location drunken person. If a person is drunken,the encoder will not
using GPS to saved contact list. send signal to the decoder. It will automatically lock the
ignition system.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
With the help of helmet detection key ,driver without
helmet can be avoided. If rider does not wear helmet then
the LCD will display as “NO HELMET PLS WEAR IT” in
figure 4.

Fig.4: Helmet Detection Result

If RF module is not in range or it has not been switched
on then the output will be in figure 5.

Fig. 9: Helmet Unit

Figure 10 shows the bike unit construction. If the decoder
Fig.5: Password Detection Result receives the signal from helmet unit,it will move on to a
Illegal consumption of alcohol during driving is 0.08 security system. If rider enter an encrypted password, it
mg/L as per the government act but for demonstration enables the ignition system through relay.Otherwise, it locks
purpose, it is programed to the threshold limit 0.04 mg/L the ignition system. If any accidents occures, the vibration
.threshpld can be adjusted using potentiometer. If sensitivity sensor senses the vibration value[9]. If it reaches the
of MQ-3 is more 0.04 mg/L of alcohol in breath then the threshold value, it will sends a signal to microcontroller and
helmet unit will communicate with vehicle unit and GSM. The SMS will sent to a registered mobile number
show”Driver is drunken”thereafter the ignition system get through GSM[10]. The accident location will sent to a
switched off as shown in figure 6. registered mobile number through GPS based on latitude
and longitude value.

Fig. 6: Alcohol Detection Result

Arange of frequency generated depending upon the
vibration produced due to accident or obstacle .if the
frequency is greater than the threshold value then vehicle
unit shows “Bike has fallen”as shown in figure 7.

Fig.7: Accident Detection Result

Once vehicle unit detected that there was an accident then
Gsm sends location of accident with the help of GPS .It
sends latitude and longitude continously to saved SIM Fig. 10: Bike Unit
number as shown in below figure8.
V. CONCLUSION
The developed system efficiently ensures. Rider is
wearing helmet throughout the rider. Rider should not be
under influence of alcohol, Accident detection &theft
protection. By implementing this system a safe two wheeler
journey is possible which would decrease the head injuries
during accidents and also reduce the accident rate due to
driving bike after consuming alcohol.

Fig. 8: Accident Intimation Result

The helmet unit shows in figure 9 receives the supply
from internal source. The first stage of helmet unit checks

Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: Es2029017519/2019©BEIESP and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org 3
© Copyright: All rights reserved.
 Smart Helmet and Bike System

A helmet is not be 100% foolproof but it definitely the

first line of defence for the rider in case of an accident to
prevent fatal brain injuries. The proposed approach makes it
mandatory for the ruder to use this protective guard in order
to drive a two wheeler vehicle and ensures the safety of
human brain and therefore reduces the risk of brain injuries
and deaths in case of an accidents. Besides the developed
system prevents the theft of two wheeler.

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Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
Retrieval Number: Es2029017519/2019©BEIESP and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org 4
© Copyright: All rights reserved.