Date: 01/02/2024

Class: #1

Syllabus Topic: Computation & Number Theory and Consumer Arithmetic

Title: Notes Review, Past Paper Questions, Multiple Choice Questions

CSEC Math Syllabus

The syllabus is divided into 9 sections:

Section 1 Number Theory and Computation

Section 2 Consumer Arithmetic

Section 3 Sets

Section 4 Measurement

Section 5 Statistics

Section 6 Algebra

Section 7 Relations, Functions and Graphs

Section 8 Geometry and Trigonometry

Section 9 Vectors and Matrices

Number Theory and Computation – Notes

Approximation

You can be asked to approximate numbers to a certain number of decimal places or

significant figures.

Example 1:

Approximate 200.056 to 2 decimal places.

Answer:

200.056 = 200.06 (to 2 decimal places)

Example 2:

Approximate 215.012 to 2 significant figures.

Answer:

215.012 = 220 (to 2 significant figures)

Scientific Notation

Scientific notation is not an approximation.

It involves taking a number and representing it in a different form.

Scientific notation is also referred to as standard form in the Caribbean.

Example 1:

Place 200.5 in standard form.

Solution:

200.5 = 2.005 × 102

Example 2:

Place 0.002005 in standard form.

Solution:

0.002005 = 2.005 × 10−3

Fractions, Percentages, Decimals

You should know how to convert between fractions, percentages and decimals.

Fraction Decimal Percent

1 0.5 50%
𝟏
2
Family
𝟐
2 1 100%
2

1 1
0.333 (to 3 d.p.) 33 3%
3

2 2
𝟏 0.667 (to 3 d.p.) 66 3%
Family
𝟑 3

3 1 100%
3
1
0.25 25%
4

2
0.5 50%
4
𝟏
Family
𝟒
3
0.75 75%
4

4
1 100%
4

1
0.2 20%
5

2
0.4 40%
5

𝟏 3
Family 0.6 60%
𝟓 5

4
0.8 80%
5

5 1 100%
5
 1
0.125 12.5%
8

2
0.25 25%
8

3
0.375 37.5%
8

4
0.5 50%
8
𝟏
Family
𝟖
5 0.625 62.5%
8

6
0.75 75%
8

7
0.875 87.5%
8

8
1 100%
8

1
0.1 10%
10

2
0.2 20%
10

3
0.3 30%
10

4
0.4 40%
10

5 0.5 50%
10
𝟏
Family
𝟏𝟎
6
0.6 60%
10

7
0.7 70%
10

8
0.8 80%
10

9
0.9 90%
10

10
1 100%
10
Ratios

Tips are:

→ Find the value of all parts.

→ Find for one part.

Example of finding for one:

10 apples cost $60

10 apples = $60

$60
1 apple = ← notice that finding for one is a division process
10

1 apple = $6
Directed Numbers

Rule #1: For Multiplication, Division or if two Signs are next to each other

1st Sign 2nd Sign Result is

+ + +
− − +
+ − −
− + −

Rule #2: For Addition and Subtraction

• Check to see if signs are next to each other. (If so, change to one sign)

• Same signs? → add the numbers → put back the sign

(without the signs)

• Different signs? → subtract the numbers → put back sign of

(without the signs) larger (absolute value)
number
Consumer Arithmetic – Notes

Discount, Tax
These concepts use percentages.

Cost Price, Marked Price, Selling Price

Cost Price

• This is the amount that the store pays for their item.

Marked Price

• This is the amount that the store displays the item for.

Selling Price

• This is the amount that the customer paid the store for the item.

Profit, Loss

Equations:

Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price

(when Selling Price > Cost Price)

Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price

(when Selling Price < Cost Price)

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡/𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 100
Percentage Profit/Loss = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒
× 1
Example:

Suppose you bought a shirt for $10. You placed a tag on the shirt for $20 as shown below.

$𝟐𝟎

A customer with a loyalty card receives a 25% discount.

What is the marked price, cost price and selling price?

Solution:

Marked Price = $20

Cost Price = $10

Discount = 25% of $20

1 20
Discount = 4 × 1

Discount = $5

Selling Price = Marked Price − Discount

Selling Price = $20 − $5

Selling Price = $15

Hire Purchase

Definition of Instalment:

• This is paying back a sum of money in equal parts over a period of time.

• Hire Purchase, Mortgage and Loans all involve instalments.

• Interest is the extra money paid in an instalment type of payment.

Formula:

Interest = Lump Sum – Cash Price

Example:

Suppose you are buying a cupboard.

$𝟏𝟔 𝟎𝟎𝟎

A Hire Purchase plan is offered. This plan includes paying a downpayment of $5000 and

monthly instalments of $1500 for 12 months.

Cash Price = $16 000

Downpayment = $5000

Instalment = $1500 per month

Hire Purchase Price = Downpayment + Instalments

Hire Purchase Price = $5000 + 12($1500)

Hire Purchase Price = $5000 + $18 000

Hire Purchase Price = $23 000

Interest = Hire Purchase Price − Cash Price

Interest = $23 000 − $16 000

Interest = $7000

$7000
% Interest = $16 000 × 100%

% Interest = 43.75%
Simple Interest

Simple Interest is calculated by the following formula:

𝑷×𝑹×𝑻
Simple Interest = 𝟏𝟎𝟎

where

𝑃 = principal

𝑅 = rate (%)

𝑇 = time (years)

Depending on the variable you are trying to find and the information provided in the

question, the Simple Interest formula can be rearranged as follows.

𝑺𝑰 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
• Principal = 𝑹×𝑻

𝑺𝑰 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
• Rate = 𝑷×𝑻

𝑺𝑰 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
• Time = 𝑷×𝑹

To determine the total amount after receiving the interest, add the principal amount to the

simple interest.

Formula: Amount = Principal + Simple Interest

Compound Interest

Compound interest is when you earn interest on both the money you've saved and the

interest you earn.

Formula:

𝑹 𝒏
Amount = 𝑷 (𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎)

where

𝑃 = principal

𝑅 = rate as a percentage

𝑛 = number of years
Appreciation and Depreciation

Definition for Appreciation:

Appreciation refers to when the value of something increases over time.

Examples include land (real estate), gold, antiques and fine art.

Formula:
𝑹 𝒏
Amount = 𝑷 (𝟏 + 𝟏𝟎𝟎)

where

𝑃 = principal

𝑅 = rate as a percentage

𝑛 = number of years

Definition for Depreciation:

Depreciation refers to when the value of something decreases over time.

Examples include cars and machinery.

Formula:
𝑹 𝒏
Amount = 𝑷 (𝟏 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎)

where

𝑃 = principal

𝑅 = rate as a percentage

𝑛 = number of years
Salaries and Wages

Wage Salary
• In exams, wage usually tests • For the exam, salary usually tests your
the knowledge of basic rate knowledge on taxes and tax allowance.
and overtime. • Salary is worked out as a stipulated amount.
• Wage is based off an hourly • Salary is paid based on a contract at the start
rate. of the job.
• A person who is paid wage • Salary remains the same if the person misses
is paid by the hour and is a day or arrives late.
paid overtime for extra • The person can also receive late minutes or
hours worked. a letter.

Note:

• A major difference between Wage and Salary is time.

• For exams, wage and salary are not usually tested together in the same question.

Example 1:

Suppose a person at a company is being paid an hourly rate of $20. If the basic week is 40

hours, calculate the basic wage.

Solution:

Basic wage = Rate × Basic week (hours)

Basic wage = 20 × 40

Basic wage = $800

Example 2:

Suppose the overtime rate of time and a half. If the person at the company works for 44

hours, calculate their total wage.

Solution:

Overtime rate = 1.5 × $20

Overtime rate = $30

Overtime hours = 44 − 4

Overtime hours = 4 hours

Overtime wage = 4 × $30

Overtime wage = $120

Total wage = $800 + $120

Total wage = $920

Taxes and Allowances

• Gross salary is the total salary before tax, that is, the sum of all wages before tax.

• Taxable income is the income that can be taxed.

• Taxes are deductions taken from the gross income to arrive at the net income.

• Out of the gross salary, some of it are not taxed. This is called Allowances.

• Types of Allowances include personal allowance, dependence allowance, luxury,

health plans, etc.

• It is important to remember that Allowances are not taxable.

Simple Arrangement

Consider the flow chart below:

Tax It! Net Income

Gross
25% of Gross Gross – Tax = $20 − $5
$20
is taxed = $15

Tax
$5

The gross salary is $20.

However, the tax rate is 25%. The amount of tax is 25% of $20 which is $5.

Thus, the net income is

Gross – Tax = $20 − $5
= $15
Arrangement including Allowances

Consider the flow chart below:

Allowances
$8

Gross Net Income

$20 Gross – Tax = $20 − $3
= $17

Taxable Income
$12

Taxed 25%

Tax
$3

The gross salary is $20.

The amount of Allowances is $8.
So, the income that can be taxed is $20 − $8 = $12.

However, the tax rate is 25%.

The amount of tax is 25% of $12 which is $3.

Thus, the net income is

Gross – Tax = $20 − $3
= $17
June 2008 – Question 1

1. (a) (i) Using a calculator, or otherwise, determine the EXACT value of

(3.9 × 0.27) + √0.6724 [2]

(ii) Express as a single fraction

1 4
2 −
2 5
3 [3]
4

(b) In this question, use CAN $1.00 = JA $72.50.

(i) On a vacation in Canada, Steve used his credit card to buy a camera for

CAN $250.00.

What is the value of the camera in Jamaican dollars? [2]

(ii) Steve’s credit card limit is JA $30 000.00. After buying the camera, how

many Canadian dollars does he have left on his credit card for

spending? [3]

Total: 10 marks
June 2008 – Question 1 – Solution

1. (a) (i) Using a calculator, or otherwise, determine the EXACT value of

(3.9 × 0.27) + √0.6724 [2]

1873
By use of a calculator, (3.9 × 0.27) + √0.6724 = 1000 .

(ii) Express as a single fraction

1 4
2 −
2 5
3 [3]
4

1 4
Numerator = 2 2 − 5

5 4
Numerator = 2 − 5

25−8
Numerator = 10

17
Numerator = 10

3
Denominator = 4

17 3
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 10 ÷ 4

17 4
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 10 × 3

34
Numerator ÷ Denominator = 15

1 4
2 − 34
2 5
∴ 3 = 15
4
(b) In this question, use CAN $1.00 = JA $72.50.

(iii) On a vacation in Canada, Steve used his credit card to buy a camera for

CAN $250.00.

What is the value of the camera in Jamaican dollars? [2]

1 CAN = 72.50 JA

250 CAN = 72.50 × 250

250 CAN = $18 125 JA

(iv) Steve’s credit card limit is JA $30 000.00. After buying the camera, how

many Canadian dollars does he have left on his credit card for

spending? [3]

Amount he has left = $30 000 − $18 125

Amount he has left = $11 875 JA

Now,

72.50 JA = 1 CAN
1
1 JA = 72.50 CAN

1
$11 875 JA = 72.50 × 11875

$11 875 JA = $163.79 CAN

Total: 10 marks
June 2007 – Question 1

1. (a) (i) Using a calculator, or otherwise, determine the exact value of

(3.7)2 − (6.24 ÷ 1.3). [3]

(b) A total of 1 200 students attend Top View High School.

The ratio of teachers to students is 1:30.

(i) How many teachers are there at the school? [2]

Two-fifths of the students own personal computers.

(ii) How many students do NOT own personal computers? [2]

Thirty percent of the students who own personal computers also own play

stations.

(iii) What fraction of the students in the school own play stations?

Express your answer in its lowest terms. [4]

Total: 10 marks
June 2007 – Question 1 – Solution

1. (a) (i) Using a calculator, or otherwise, determine the exact value of

(3.7)2 − (6.24 ÷ 1.3). [3]

889
By use of a calculator, (3.7)2 − (6.24 ÷ 1.3) = 100 .

(b) A total of 1 200 students attend Top View High School.

The ratio of teachers to students is 1:30.

(i) How many teachers are there at the school? [2]

Students : Teachers

30 : 1
1
1 : 30

1
1200 : 30 × 1200

1200 : 40

∴ There are 40 teachers at the school.

Two-fifths of the students own personal computers.

(ii) How many students do NOT own personal computers? [2]

2
of students own personal computers.
5
 2
Remainder = 1 − 5

5 2
Remainder = 5 − 5

3
Remainder = 5

3
Number of students who do not own = 5 × 1200

Number of students who do not own = 720 students

∴ 720 students do not own personal computers.

Thirty percent of the students who own personal computers also own play

stations.

(iii) What fraction of the students in the school own play stations?

Express your answer in its lowest terms. [4]

2
Number of students who own personal computers = 5 × 1200

Number of students who own personal computers = 480 students

Number of students who own play stations = 30% of 480

30
Number of students who own play stations = 100 × 480

Number of students who own play stations = 144 students

Now,
 144
Fraction of the students in the school own play stations = 1200

3
Fraction of the students in the school own play stations = 25

Alternatively,
2
Fraction of the students in the school own play stations = 30% of 5

30 2
Fraction of the students in the school own play stations = ×
100 5

3
Fraction of the students in the school own play stations = 25

Total: 10 marks
January 2006 – Question 1

1. (a) Calculate
1 4
2 ×
4 5
(i) the exact value of 3 1 [4]
−
5 2

(ii) correct to 3 significant figures, the value of 18.75 − (2.11)2 . [3]

(b) A loan of $12 000 was borrowed from a bank at 14% per annum.

Calculate

(i) the interest on the loan at the end of the first year [2]

(ii) the total amount owing at the end of the first year [1]

A repayment of $7 800 was made at the start of the second year.

Calculate

(iii) the amount still outstanding at the start of the second year [1]

(iv) the interest on the outstanding amount at the end of second year. [1]

Total: 12 marks
January 2006 – Question 1 – Solution

1. (a) Calculate
1 4
2 ×
4 5
(i) the exact value of 3 1 [4]
−
5 2

1 4
2 ×
4 5
By use of a calculator, 3 1 = 18.
−
5 2

(ii) correct to 3 significant figures, the value of 18.75 − (2.11)2 . [3]

By use of a calculator,

18.75 − (2.11)2 = 14.2979

18.75 − (2.11)2 = 14.3 (to 3 significant figures)

(b) A loan of $12 000 was borrowed from a bank at 14% per annum.

Calculate

(i) the interest on the loan at the end of the first year [2]

𝑃×𝑅×𝑇
𝑆𝐼 = 100

12000×14×1
𝑆𝐼 =
100

𝑆𝐼 = $1680

∴ The interest on the loan at the end of the first year is $1680.
(ii) the total amount owing at the end of the first year [1]

Amount = Principal + Simple Interest

Amount = $12 000 + $1680

Amount = $13 680

∴ The total amount owing at the end of the first year is $13 680.

A repayment of $7 800 was made at the start of the second year.

Calculate

(iii) the amount still outstanding at the start of the second year [1]

Amount still outstanding = Amount owing – Amount repaid

Amount still outstanding = $13680 − $7800

Amount still outstanding = $5880

(iv) the interest on the outstanding amount at the end of second year. [1]

𝑃×𝑅×𝑇
𝑆𝐼 = 100

5880×14×1
𝑆𝐼 = 100

𝑆𝐼 = $823.20

Total: 12 marks
June 2005 – Question 1

1. (a) Calculate the EXACT value of

1 1
4 5 − (1 9 × 3) [3]

(b) The table below shows Amanda’s shopping bill. Some numbers were removed

and replaced with letters.

Items Quantity Unit Price ($) Total Cost ($)

Stickers 12 0.49 5.88

T-shirts 3 12.50 𝑨
CD’s 2 33.90
𝑩
Posters 6.20 31.00
𝑪
Total 108.28

15% VAT (to the nearest cent)

𝑫

(i) Calculate the values of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷. [5]

(ii) Amanda sold 6 out of the 12 stickers which she had bought at 75 cents

each, and the remaining stickers at 40 cents each.

Show, using calculations, whether Amanda made a profit or loss on

buying and selling stickers. [3]

Total: 11 marks
June 2005 – Question 1 – Solution

1. (a) Calculate the EXACT value of

1 1
4 5 − (1 9 × 3) [3]

1 1 13
By use of a calculator, 4 5 − (1 9 × 3) = 15 .

(b) The table below shows Amanda’s shopping bill. Some numbers were removed

and replaced with letters.

Items Quantity Unit Price ($) Total Cost ($)

Stickers 12 0.49 5.88

T-shirts 3 12.50 𝑨
CD’s 2 33.90
𝑩
Posters 6.20 31.00
𝑪
Total 108.28

15% VAT (to the nearest cent)

𝑫

(i) Calculate the values of 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷. [5]

𝐴 = 3 × 12.50

𝐴 = 37.50
 𝐵 = 33.90 ÷ 2

𝐵 = 16.95

𝐶 = 31.00 ÷ 6.20

𝐶=5

𝐷 = 15% of 108.28

15
𝐷 = 100 × 108.28

𝐷 = $16.24

(ii) Amanda sold 6 out of the 12 stickers which she had bought at 75 cents

each, and the remaining stickers at 40 cents each.

Show, using calculations, whether Amanda made a profit or loss on

buying and selling stickers. [3]

Cost Price = $5.88

Total Selling Price = (6 × 0.75) + (6 × 0.40)

Total Selling Price = $6.90

Since the selling price is greater than the cost price, then Amanda made a

profit.
Q.E.D.

Total: 11 marks
January 2008 – Question 1

1. (a) Calculate the EXACT value of:

1 3
1 −
7 4
(i) 1 1 [4]
2 ×
2 5

0.24
(ii) 2 − 0.15 [2]

(b) The cash price of a bicycle is $319.95. It can be bought on hire purchase by

making a deposit of $69.00 and 10 monthly installments of $28.50 EACH.

(i) What is the TOTAL hire purchase price of the bicycle? [2]

(ii) Calculate the difference between the total hire purchase price and the

cash price. [1]

(iii) Express your answer in (ii) above as a percentage of the cash

price. [2]

Total: 11 marks
January 2008 – Question 1 – Solution

1. (a) Calculate the EXACT value of:

1 3
1 −
7 4
(i) 1 1 [4]
2 ×
2 5

1 3
1 − 55
7 4
By use of a calculator, 1 1 = 322 .
2 ×
2 5

0.24
(ii) 2 − 0.15 [2]

0.24 2
By use of a calculator, 2 − 0.15 = 5 .

(b) The cash price of a bicycle is $319.95. It can be bought on hire purchase by

making a deposit of $69.00 and 10 monthly installments of $28.50 EACH.

(i) What is the TOTAL hire purchase price of the bicycle? [2]

Hire Purchase Price = Deposit + Monthly Installments

Hire Purchase Price = $69 + (10 × $28.50)

Hire Purchase Price = $354

(ii) Calculate the difference between the total hire purchase price and the

cash price. [1]

Difference = Hire Purchase Price – Cash Price

Difference = $354 − 319.95

Difference = $34.05

(iii) Express your answer in (ii) above as a percentage of the cash

price. [2]

34.05 100
Percentage = 319.95 × 1

Percentage = 10.64% (to 2 decimal places)

Total: 11 marks
Multiple Choice Questions

1. 0.45 may be written as

9
(A) 20

4
(B) 5

9
(C) 10

5
(D)
4

2. The number 3.14063 written correct to 3 decimal places is

(A) 3.140

(B) 3.141

(C) 3.146

(D)3.150

3. The number 3076 written in standard form is

(A) 3.076 × 10−3

(B) 3.076 × 10−2

(C) 3.076 × 102

(D)3.076 × 103
 Item 4 refers to the following diagram.

285°
𝑂

4. The fraction of the circle which has been shaded is

5
(A) 24

8
(B) 24

15
(C)
24

19
(D)24

5. The EXACT value of 2 ÷ (0.01)2 is

(A) 0.0002

(B) 0.0005

(C) 5000

(D)20 000
6. In a school, the ratio of the number of pupils to the number of teachers is 20 : 1. If

the number of pupils is 840, how many teachers are there?

(A) 40

(B) 42

(C) 800

(D)840

7. 𝑃 = {52, 77, 91, 124, 217}

Three members of the set 𝑃 have a common factor which is

(A) 4

(B) 7

(C) 13

(D)31
 Item 8 refers to the diagram below.

8. In the figure above, ∆𝑂𝑃𝑄 is mapped to ∆𝑂𝑃′𝑄′. What type of transformation has

taken place?

(A) Reflection

(B) Shear

(C) Translation

(D)Rotation
9. 301 can be written as

(A) 3 × 102 + 1

(B) 3 × 103 + 1

(C) 3 × 102 + 1 × 10

(D)3 × 103 + 1 × 10

10. If 𝑝 = 3(𝑎 − 𝑞), then 6𝑎 is equal to

(A) 2(𝑝 + 3𝑞)

(B) 2(𝑝 + 𝑞)

(C) 𝑝 + 3𝑞

(D)𝑝 + 𝑞
Multiple Choice Questions – Answers

1. A

2. B

3. D

4. A

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. D

9. A

10. A
Additional Multiple Choice Questions

1. 0.0346 written in standard form is

(A) 3.46 × 102

(B) 3.46 × 10

(C) 3.46 × 10−1

(D)3.46 × 10−2

2. 3.3 × 2.5 + 5.7 × 2.5 =

(A) 8.25

(B) 9.00

(C) 13.25

(D)22.50

3. √172 − 152 =

(A) 16

(B) 8

(C) 2

(D)1
4. The ratio of two number is 4 : 5. The smaller number is 240. What is the larger

number?

(A) 133

(B) 192

(C) 300

(D)720
Additional Multiple Choice Questions – Answers

1. D

2. D

3. B

4. C