A

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

HELD AT

THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY LENS POLYTECHNIC OFFA, KWARA STATE.

BY

FAGADE PRECIOUS PHILIP

22/ND/SLT/405

SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABORATORY

TECHNOLOGY,SCHOOL OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND
TECHNOLOGY, LENS POLYTECHNIC OFFA, KWARA
STATE.IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NATIONALDIPLOMA AWARD
(ND) IN SCIENCE LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

JANUARY,
2024.

1
 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report on industrial training was done and written by Fagade Precious
Philip with the Matriculation Number 22/ND/SLT/405 has been read and approved as meeting
part of the requirements for the award of National Diploma (ND) in department of Science
Laboratory Technology, Lens Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State.

Mr. Lawal S.T Date

(Supervisor)

Mrs. Moradeyo B. M Date

(SIWES Coordinator)

2
 DEDICATION

I dedicate this report to Almighty God , the most beneficent , the most merciful who is the source
of wisdom and knowledge and surpassed to whomsoever he wishes for being right from the
beginning to this very point, To God be the glory.

3
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All thanks are due to Almighty God for his love, mercy and grace that endure forever in my life
and for his gift of life to me during and after my industrial training period.

My dearest appreciation goes to my beloved parents for their cares, love, effort, prayer and
finance which manifested in my academic success. May they live to reap the fruit of their labours
(Amen).

I am grateful to my SIWES supervisor Mr Lawal for making necessary correction, may almighty
continue to increase you in wisdom, knowledge and understanding.

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Certification ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Content v - vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction to SIWES 1

1.1 Background of SIWES 2

1.2 Brief History of SIWES 2

1.3 Function of ITF 3

1.4 Aim and Objective of SIWES 3

1.5 Importance of SIWES 4

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ORGANIZATION PROFILE 5

2.1 History of Organization 5

2.2 Objective of the Organization 5

2.3 Organizational Chart/ Organigram 6

2.4 Introduction to Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses 7

2.5 Safety Precaution in the Laboratory 7

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 EXPERIENCE GAIN DURING THE SIWES PROGRAM 9

3.1 Blood Grouping 9

5
3.2 Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Test 11

3.3 Production of Antiseptic (Dettol) 12

3.4 Determination of Moisture Content 13

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Challenges faced 15

4.2 Conclusion. 15

4.3 Recommendation 15

6
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is an accepted skills programme
which forms part of the approved academic standards in the degree programme for Nigerian
Universities. In 1974, the Federal Government of Nigeria introduced the national policy on
Industrial training, called the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES). This
programme is under the umbrella of the Ministry of Education through the Industrial Training
Fund (ITF), was designed to help students acquire the necessary practical education/experience
in their fields of study and other related professions. This is an effort which was created in order
to bridge the existing gap between the theory taught in the classroom and practice of science,
agriculture, medicine, engineering, technology and other professional programme in the Nigerian
tertiary institutions (SIWES Handbook, 2017).

This programme is aimed at exposing the students to the use of various machines and
equipment's, professional work methods and ways of safeguarding the work areas in industries as
well as other organizations and parastatals. The programme was established basically to impact
elaborate practical understanding to students with respect to their various disciplines. It is also
intended that the student through a process of relation to academic knowledge and practical
industrial application would understand the underlying principles and become better focused and
acquire the practical applications towards excellence in his or her discipline. The Students
Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) programme involves the student, the Universities
and the industries. This training is funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and coordinated
by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and the National Universities Commission (NUC) (SIWES
Handbook, 2017),

1.1 Background of SIWES

The S.I.W.E.S. was launched in 1973 by the Industrial Training Fund (I.T.F) as a programme
designed to impart the undergraduate of the nation’s tertiary institutions studying various
professional courses with the practical methods of performing professional functions to real life
situations on site, in the office or even the factory and how they apply themselves mentally,
intellectually and physically in relation to what they have been taught in the classrooms
theoretically. It works with the following professional bodies to function effectively across the
tertiary institutions nationwide. These are the Nigeria University Commission (N.U.C), National
Board for Technical Education (N.B.T.E.) and the National Commission for Colleges of

7
Education (N.C.C.E.). Thus, equipping the students with the necessary skills and technical
knowledge to make them highly competitive and professional individuals in the Labour Market

1.2 Brief History of SIWES

The Industrial Training Fund was established in 1971, Industrial Training Fund has operated
consistency prior stakingly within the contact of its enabling i.e degree 1947 to 1971. The
objective for which fund was established has been pursed vigorously, efficaciously in the three
decades of its existence ITF has not only raised training consciousness in economy but has only
helped in generating a corp of still incligenous manpower which has been maintaining and
manage various sector of the national economy (ITF, 1973).

1.3 Function of ITF

 ITF was able to provide insurance cover for student attachment
 In monitoring of lecturers involved in the supervision of student on SIWES
 Provision of information in companies for attachment and assist in the industrial placement
of study.
 Provision of vet and process student log book.
 Provision of logistic and materials necessary for effective and ministration of the scheme.
(ITF, 1973).

1.4 Aim and Objective of SIWES

The aim of S.I.W.E.S is to bridge the gap between the level of knowledge acquired in tertiary
institutions and the practical application of such knowledge in the field of work.
The Objectives are:
 To provide an avenue for students in industries of higher learning to acquire industrial skills
and experience in their course of study.
 To prepare students for the work situations they are to meet after graduation.
 To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not available in the educational institution.
 To make transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance students contact for
later job placements.
 To improve student’s interpersonal relationship with others in their field.
 To prove students an opportunity to apply his/her knowledge in real work situation, thereby
bridging the gap between college work and actual practice

8
1.5 Importance of SIWES

 SIWES is an effort to bridge the existing gap between theory and practice.
 It expose student to necessary skills for smooth transition from the classroom to the word of
work.
 It enables student to acquire technical skills and experience for professional development in
their study.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ORGANIZATION PROFILE

9
2.1 History of Organization

Lens Polytechnic is a polytechnic incorporated in Nigeria by the same management that owns
and runs Lens school of management, Offa which is an innovation enterprise institution. Lens
Polytechnic is an expansion from Lens School of Management and Technology. The school was
established on 20th April, 2012. Lens polytechnic was founded by Azeez Yisa Bukola and
Abdulazeez Isahq, an educationalist and a banker of high repute, the school was accredited duly
by National Board for technical education. The Proprietors have always been concerned with
education and had always been disturbed with the situation of Nigeria youth who struggle to get
admitted into tertiary institutions but cannot. Another set of concern are those that studied in the
tertiary institutions and then find it difficult to get employed. They cannot integrate well into the
industry or they cannot start up something on their own because they lack entrepreneurship
skills. As part of remedy to all these situations, the Proprietors then decided to establish Lens
Polytechnic.

2.2 Objective of the Organization

The objectives of the school are;

 To enroll qualified students and equip them with world class skills and knowledge.
 To create studies that is highly practical based, innovative and dynamic for direct absorption
into industries and for self-empowerment.
 To train the students to be ethically upright and contribute their best to the society.
 To create the best possible learning environment that moves wit.h convention
 To establish the best possible working environment and avenue for career advancement for
staff; both academic and non-academic.
 To build an organization that is economically and environmentally sustainable.

2.3 Organizational Chart/ Organigram

Rector

Deputy Rector
Administration
Academic
10
 Dean of faculty
Registrar

Bursar
Head of Department
Deputy Registrar

Unit of Head of Department

Student Liaison Officer

Lecturer

Technologist MIS

Laboratory attendant Work & physical planners

2.4 Introduction to Laboratory Equipment and Their Uses

Laboratory is a room or building where scientific research performance of test, searching for
manufacture of products, investigation procedure and experience are carryout. A laboratory is a
room where technologist, scientist, students and academic lecturers can be found. A laboratory

 Microscope: It is use to observe organism that cannot be seen with unaided eyes.

11
 Autoclave: t is used for sterilization.
 Water bath: It is used for heating purpose.
 Weighing balance: It is used for weighing sample.
 Water distiller: It is used to prepare distill water.
 Soxhlet extractor: It is used for the extraction of lipid from solid materials.
 Rotary evaporator: It is used in separating two immiscible compound.
 Calorimeter: It is used to determine specific capacity of good and bad conductor.
 Van da graph: To generate electrostatic current.
 Milican tube: To determine oil depression micrometer.

2.5 Safety Precaution in the Laboratory

Laboratories contain significant risks and prevention of laboratory accidents requires great care
and constant vigilance. Examples of risk factors include high voltage, high and low pressures and
temperatures, corrosive and toxic chemical and biohazards including infective samples and
specimens.

Measures to protect against laboratory accidents include;

 Safety training and enforcement of laboratory safety rules;

 Safety review of experimental designs;

 The use of personal protective equipment

 The use of buddy system for particularly risky operations.

Laboratory safety policies in Golden cross Infirmary are as follows;

1. Read instructions and labels carefully.

2. Do not operate or use any equipment unless you are trained and approved as a user by your
supervisor.

3. Always wear personal protective equipment e.g. gloves, face mask, laboratory coats, safety
boots and glasses when working with hazardous materials or equipment.

4. Treat all blood samples and bodily fluids as if it were hazardous.

5. Do not store food in the laboratory.

6. Avoid horse-play

12
 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 EXPERIENCE GAIN DURING THE SIWES PROGRAM

3.1 Blood Grouping

A blood group is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and
inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells

Blood grouping of the A B O system is determined with Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-D sera, which
form agglutination complex with antibodies found in the blood sample.

Aim: To determine the group and the rhesus of a patient’s blood

Equipments/Materials:
13
 Blood sample

 White Tile

 Lancet

 A Rubber Rod

 Anti-sera (A,B,D)

Procedure: The blood sample was collected into an EDTA bottle through venipuncture. A drop
of blood was placed 3 spots on the tile with the aid of Pasteur pipette. The antisera A, B and D
were placed carefully on each spots, ABO of the grouping system on the tile respectively and an
applicator stick was used to thoroughly mix the drop of blood with the anti-sera one after the
other without contamination. The tile was gently rocked from side to side for 3 minutes to allow
agglutination occurrence, then result was observed

Conclusion: The result was observed according to the agglutination that occurred in each spots on the
tile. Anti D determines the present of the rhesus ‘D’ factor in blood group.

Factors that affect blood grouping are; wrong labeling of spot and confusion of anti-sera with spots,
Contamination of test card or tiles with detergents, Expired anti-sera

3.2 Packed Cell Volume (PCV) Test

Introduction: The packed cell volume is the volume occupied by the packed red cell after a
volume of anti-coagulated venous blood is fully centrifuged into plasma and red blood cell. The
volume of packed cell is expressed as a percentage of the original volume of the blood.

Aim: To estimate the relative mass of red blood cells present in a blood sample in percentage
volume.

Equipments/Materials: Haematocrit reader, Micro haematocrit centrifuge, Heparinised

capillary tube, whole blood in an anticoagulant bottle, Micro haematocrit reader, an absorbent
cotton wool.

14
Procedures: The blood sample was collected into an EDTA bottle. The heparinized capillary
tube was filled to 2/3 length of the tube from the blood sample and One end of the tube was
sealed with flame using the Bunsen burner, then absorbent cotton wool was used in cleaning the
tube before placing in the centrifuge. The sealed tube was placed in the micro- haematocrit
centrifuge machine, thereby placing the sealed end outward to touch the base of the spinner. The
sealed tube was spun in the haematocrit centrifuge at 12,000/13,000rpm for 5 minutes. The spun
tube was placed on the micro haematocrit reader to read the result in percentage, positioned in
slot so that the base line intersects the base of red cells and tube holder was moved so that the top
line intersects the top of plasma, then knob was adjusted so that the middle line intersects the top
of red cell.

The percentage packed cell volume on the scale was read.

Result: Adult: Normal range for male 37-50%

Normal range for female 35-45%

Children: Normal Range 29-41%

3.3 FASTING BLOOD SUGAR (FBS) AND RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR (RBS))

FBS is carried out when patient must have fast for 8-12 hours.

RBS can be carried out anytime in the morning, afternoon or night.

The test is carried out to know the amount/level of glucose in the blood.

Materials
 Glucometer
 Strip
 Lancet
 Cotton wool
 Methylated Spirit
Procedure
 The patient was allowed to sit,
 Alcohol swab was then used to sterilize the patient thumb,
 It was allowed to air dry,
 After air-drying lancet was use to preek the tip of the patient thumb,
 A little force was applied to the thumb so that the blood to gush out,
 Then the blood was smear on the green part of the strip,

15
 After smearing the blood, then wait for 2-3 seconds to get result.

Range for FBS Range for RBS

3.9 ---5.6 (Normal) 6.1 ---7.7 (Normal)
5.7 ---6.9 (Prediabetes) 7.7 ---11 (Prediabetes)
7.0 --- (Diabetes) 11.1 --- (Diabetes)

3.4 Determination of Moisture Content

Moisture content is the quantity or the amount of water present in a material or food substance
(Dingman, 2002). Water is the most constituent of life. It is a medium through which all cellular
reaction occurs. It is an integral part of animal and vegetable tissue. It functions in digestion,
absorption, circulation and excretion. Water help in maintenance of electrolyte balance of the
body. Water also plays important role in the maintenance of the body temperature. Fruit and
vegetable contain 90% of water, milk as 87%, meat contains 60-75% water. Oven dried foods
such as dry pulses cereals and flour also contain water (van Genuchten, 2000).

Aim: To determine the moisture content of a sample.

Material/Apparatus: Oven desicator, crucible, filter paper, weighing balance,

Procedure

A clean and well labeled crucible was oven dried and weighed as W1. 2g of the sample was
weighed on a weighing balance and then it was transferred into the already weighed crucible as
W2 The crucible and the content were transferred to the thermo-setting oven at about 105 oCthree
hours. The crucible was then transferred from the oven to the desiccator for cooling for about
thirty minutes and weighed The drying and cooling process was repeated until constant weight
was obtained as W3 (Oso and Fawole, 2010).

Percentage moisture content = weight loss during drying x 100

Weight of the sample

% moisture-W2-W3 x 100

16
 W₂-W₁

W₁= weight of empty crucible

W₂ = weight of crucible + sample

W3 = weight of crucible + sample after drying.

3.5 HEPATITIS B VIRUS

Hepatitis an infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Several different viruses cause
hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The hepatitis A and E viruses typically cause
acute infections. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can cause acute and chronic infections.

Materials Needed

 Hepatitis B Strip
 EDTA Bottle
 Alcohol Swab
 Rubber Pippette
 Taniquent Rubber
 Buffer Solution
 Needle & Syringe
 Lancet

Procedure

Allow the patient to sit comfortable and use the alcohol swab to sterilize the thumb in order to
kill the bacteria, then allow it to air dry. After that, use Lancet to preek the thumb and use rubber
Pippette to collect amount of blood sample neede. Then take the hepatitis B strip, add the sample
to it and add two drops of buffer solution to it. Leave it for 5-15 minutes to read the result.

3.6 MALARIA PARASITE

A disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes.

Materials Needed:
17
  Alcohol Swab
 Malaria Kit
 Buffer Solution
 Lancet
 Rubber Pippette

Procedure

Alcohol swab was used to sterilize the patient thumb, it was allowed to air-dry, after air-drying
lancet was used to preek the tip of the thumb. Rubber Pippette was used to collect the amount of
sample needed into the sample hole in the malaria kit. Two drop of buffer solution was added
into the buffer hole, the test was allowed to read for 5-15 minutes to know the result.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Challenges faced

 Bad electricity
 Lack of equipment
 Lack of reagent

4.2 Conclusion.

SIWES is of great benefit to students in tertiary institutions. It therefore implies that the proper
and effective administration of SIWES will go a long way in boosting and enhancing the
competencies of the workforce of the country. I also conclude that SIWES is confronted with
series of challenges and this may have hindered the realization of the goals and objectives of the
scheme and it therefore needs to be given attention by all concerned stakeholders. Also, my
general relationship with people and also work ethics has increased greatly.

4.3 Recommendation

In view of the relevance of the SIWES program, it is important that it is sustained by the
government through the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) as it exposes the student to work tools,
facilities, and equipment that may not be available in their respective institutions in relation to
their course of study.

To this end, I recommend that the following under-listed points should be implemented:

18
 i. Students' Industrial Works Experience Scheme (SIWES) needs to be strengthened by all
concerned stakeholder in order for its objectives to be fully realized.

ii. Regular monthly allowances for students on attachment should be paid promptly.

iii. Organizations should always accept students for SIWES and subsequently assign them to
relevant jobs.

19