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Ultrasonic Borehole Imager

The document describes an ultrasonic borehole imager tool used for downhole logging. The tool provides high resolution acoustic images of the borehole wall to improve structural interpretations and analyze fractures, stress, and borehole stability. It measures amplitude and transit time accurately to discern bedding and structural dip without influence from mud type.

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110 views

Ultrasonic Borehole Imager

The document describes an ultrasonic borehole imager tool used for downhole logging. The tool provides high resolution acoustic images of the borehole wall to improve structural interpretations and analyze fractures, stress, and borehole stability. It measures amplitude and transit time accurately to discern bedding and structural dip without influence from mud type.

Uploaded by

muftahgloria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ultrasonic Borehole Imager

Advanced borehole imaging independent of mud type

Improve structural interpretations


UBI Ultrasonic Borehole Imager lets you analyze fractures, stress and borehole stability studies. Your
structural interpretations are not influenced by mud type. Borehole stability and breakout information can be
derived from an accurate borehole cross section. The tool's transducer gives high-resolution openhole
measurements.

Measure amplitude and transit time accurately


This processing technique results in improved accuracy, avoids cycle skips and reduces echo losses. The
tool's higher frequency yields higher-image resolution. The lower frequency gives a robust measurement in
highly dispersive muds.

Discern bedding and structural dip


Schlumberger services such as the FMI Fullbore Formation MicroImager, OBMI Oil-Base MicroImager and
ARI Azimuthal Resistivity Imager offer imaging through an array of high-resolution measurements of the
formation resistivity.

Reduce rig time


Many drilling problems, especially those in deep wells, are caused by shear sliding along fractures. In one
case, repetitive problems were solved by reducing the mud weight from 1.6 to 1.25 g/cm3.

Ultrasonic Borehole Imager Image

Benefits
 Improve structural interpretations
 Improve image resolution
 Measure amplitude and transit time accurately
 Get clear and easy-to-understand, real-time wellsite presentations
 Reduce rig time

Formation MicroScanner (FMS)/Ultrasonic Borehole Imager (UBI)


images from the massive ponded basalt (Subunit 1256D-1c) recovered
in Section 206-1256D-6R-5 (at ~300 mbsf). Unrolled core image is
also reported for comparison. WR = whole-round.


Downhole logging tools
Specialty Tools
Ultrasonic Borehole Imager (UBI*)
Description
The Ultrasonic Borehole Imager features a high-resolution transducer that
provides acoustic images of the borehole. Critical borehole stability and
breakout information can be derived from the accurate borehole cross section
measured by the tool. The high-resolution image from the transducer is also
ideal for measuring casing internal geometry. The rotating transducer
incorporated in the UBI sonde is both a transmitter and a receiver. The
transducer subassembly is available in a variety of sizes for logging the
complete range of normal openhole sizes. The subassembly is also selected to
optimize the distance traveled by the ultrasonic sound pulse in the borehole
fluid by reducing attenuation in heavy fluids and maintaining a good signal-to-
noise ratio. For open hole applications, the UBI tool is logged with the
transducer operating at either 250 or 500 kHz. The higher frequency has
better image resolution, but the lower frequency provides a more robust
measurement in highly dispersive muds.
The UBI tool measures amplitude and transit time. An innovative processing
technique improves accuracy, avoids cycle skips and reduces echo losses,
which makes the UBI transit-time measurement as reliable as that of the
amplitude. The tool is relatively insensitive to eccentralization up to 1/4 in
(0.6 cm)and yields images that are clean and easy to interpret, even in
highly deviated wells. Processing software further enhances UBI images by
correcting amplitude and transit-time information for the effects of logging
speed variations and tool eccentering and by applying noise filtering. Transit
times are converted to borehole radius information using the velocity of the
ultrasonic signal in mud, measured by the tool on the way down. The images
are oriented with inclinometry data from the combinable GPIT inclinometry
tool and then enhanced by dynamic normalization and displayed as an image
for visual interpretation. Amplitude and radius image data can be loaded on a
geology workstation for analysis and interpretation. Major events can be
automatically extracted from the radius data for wellbore stability evaluation.
Applications
High-resolution geological interpretation
The high resolution of open hole borehole wall images with 360° coverage
makes the UBI tool suitable for dip and stratigraphic analysis, as well as
fracture evaluation.

Borehole stability
Borehole stability problems can lead to stuck pipe, lost time, and even the
loss of equipment or part of the well, resulting in added drilling costs. The
UBI radius and the cross-section analysis accurately report the shape of the
borehole, enabling a clear and detailed analysis of the problem.

Stress analysis
The UBI tool indications of stress anisotropy and orientation characterize
borehole deformations such as breakouts for predicting perforation stability
in unconsolidated formations. Shear sliding along a fracture or bedding plane
can be detected with UBI radius measurements and cross-section plots,
providing strong evidence of potential borehole and drilling problems.

Tool Specifications
Temperature rating: 350° F (177° C)
Pressure rating: 20 kpsi (13.8 kPa)
Diameter: 3.375 in (8.57 cm)
Length: 21 in (6.4 cm)
Weight: 377.6 lbs (171.4 kg)
Sampling interval: 0.1 in (2.54 mm)
Logging speed: 425 ft/hr (130 m/hr)- 2,125 ft/hr (648 m/hr)
(depending on desired resolution)
Measurement Specifications
Vertical resolution: 0.2 in (0.51 cm) at 500 kHz
0.4 in (1.02 cm) at 250 kHz
Depth of borehole wall
investigation:
Accuracy: borehole radius: ± 0.12 in (± 3 mm)

dipmeter log

dip The angle that a structural surface (e.g., a bedding or fault


plane) makes with the horizontal, measured perpendicular to
the strike of the structure. Observe dip patterns on idealized log
in illustration. Also see illustration of dip at strike.
A dip log. (1) A well log from which formation dip magnitude and azimuth can be
determined. The resistivity dipmeter includes three or four (sometimes eight) micro-
resistivity readings made using sensors distributed in azimuth about the logging sonde
and a measurement of the azimuth of one of these; a measurement of the hole deviation
or drift angle and its bearing; and one or two caliper measurements. The azimuth,
deviation, and relative bearing are measured by a system similar to that described for the
poteclinometer. The microresistivity curves are correlated to determine the difference in
depth of bedding markers on different sides of the hole. See also high-resolution dipmeter
and poteclinometer.

(2) Other types of dipmeters use three SP curves, three wall scratchers, etc. to produce
logs.

(3) A log showing the formation dips calculated from the above, such as a tadpole plot or
stick plot. See illustration of dip patterns at dip.

azimuth (1) In well logging. In a horizontal plane, it is the clockwise


angle of departure from magnetic north. See also magnetic
declination.

(2) Curve recorded in dipmeter surveys. Looking down the


hole, it is the clockwise angle from magnetic north to the
reference electrode number 1 on the sonde or tool.

(3) In land surveying. It is the clockwise angle of departure in a


horizontal plane from true north.

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