Unit 5:

Direct and Inverse Proportion

ISTEN
NGLISH

CTIVE PARTICIPATION

ESPECT

O group answer
Lesson objective

To explain the concept of direct proportion

using table and equation
 Direct Proportion

In a library, if we borrow a book and are late to return it, we will be fined 15 cents
per day for each overdue book.
Number of days (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fine (y cents) 15 30 45 … … …
 Direct Proportion

In a library, if we borrow a book and are late to return it, we will be fined 15 cents
per day for each overdue book.
Number of days (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Fine (y cents) 15 30 45 … … …
 Direct Proportion

Number of days (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6

Fine (y cents) 15 30 45 60 75 90
𝒚
Rate … … … … … …
𝒙
 Direct Proportion

If 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥, then

𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
= or =
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥1 𝑦1

𝑦
=𝒌 or 𝑦 = 𝒌𝑥, where 𝒌 is a constant
𝑥
 Simple problem involving
Direct Proportion
Worked Example 1 page 157
If 6 kg of biscuits cost $27, calculate the cost of 13 kg of biscuits.
If 6 kg of biscuits cost $27, calculate the cost of 13 kg of biscuits.

Method 1: Unitary Method Method 2: Proportion Method

• 6 kg of biscuits cost $27 Let the cost of 13 kg of biscuits be $x.
$27
• 1 kg of biscuits costs Biscuits (kg) 6 13
6 Cost ($) 27 x
$27
• 13 kg of biscuits cost x 13= $58.50 𝑥 27
6 =
13 6
27
𝑥= ×13
6
𝑥 = 58.50
∴ 13 kg of biscuits cost $58.50.
 Equation of Direct Proportion
Worked Example 2 page 160
If 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 12 when 𝑥 = 4, find
(i) an equation connecting 𝑥 and 𝑦,
(ii) the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 8,
(iii) the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 21.
If 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 12 when 𝑥 = 4, find
(i) an equation connecting 𝑥 and 𝑦,
(ii) the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 8,
(iii) the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 21.

(i) y = 𝒌x (ii) when x = 8, (iii) When y = 21

12 = k ⨯ 4 y = 3x y = 3x
k=3 y=3⨯8 21 = 3x
∴ y = 3x ∴ y = 24 x = 21
3
∴x=7
Practise Now 1 page 158
Practise Now 1 page 158
Practise Now 2 page 160
 Additional Exercise

Exercise 7A page 163

 Unit 5:
Direct and Inverse Proportion
ISTEN
NGLISH

CTIVE PARTICIPATION

ESPECT

O group answer
Lesson objective

To solve problem involving direct proportion

 Recall

If 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥, then

𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
= or =
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥1 𝑦1

𝑦
=𝒌 or 𝑦 = 𝒌𝑥, where 𝒌 is a constant
𝑥
Worked Example 3 page 161
Practise Now 3 page 161
The cost, $C, of transporting goods is directly proportional to the distance covered, d km.
The cost of transporting goods over a distance of 60 km is $100.
(i) Find an equation connecting C and d.
(ii) Find the cost of transporting goods over a distance of 45 km.
(iii) If the cost of transporting goods is $120, calculate the distance covered.
 The cost, $C, of transporting goods is directly proportional to the distance
covered, d km.
The cost of transporting goods over a distance of 60 km is $100.
(i) Find an equation connecting C and d.
(ii) Find the cost of transporting goods over a distance of 45 km.
(iii) If the cost of transporting goods is $120, calculate the distance covered.

(i) C is directly proportional to d, (ii) When d = 45, (iii) When C = 120,

C = kd (When d = 60, C = 100) 5 5
C= ×d C= ×d
100 = k × 60 3 3
5 5
100 C = × 45 120 = × d
k= 3 3
60
5 = 75 d = 120 ×
3
k= 5
3 ∴ The cost of transporting goods is
d = 72
∴C= d
𝟓 $75.
𝟑 ∴ The distance covered is 72 km.
Exercise 7A page 164 #12
Additional Exercise
 Unit 5:
Direct and Inverse Proportion
ISTEN
NGLISH

CTIVE PARTICIPATION

ESPECT

O group answer
Lesson objective

To solve problem involving direct proportion

Exercise 7A page 163
Exercise 7A page 164
Exercise 7A page 164
Exercise 7A page 164
Additional Exercise
 Unit 5:
Direct and Inverse Proportion
ISTEN
NGLISH

CTIVE PARTICIPATION

ESPECT

O group answer
Lesson objective

To solve equation of another form of direct

proportion
 Equation of Another Form of
Direct Proportion
Worked Example 6 page 167
Practise Now 6 page 168
Exercise 7B page 169
Exercise 7B page 169
Exercise 7B page 169
 Additional Exercise

Review Exercise page 185

 Unit 5:
Direct and Inverse Proportion
ISTEN
NGLISH

CTIVE PARTICIPATION

ESPECT

O group answer
Lesson objective

To solve problem involving another form of

direct proportion
Worked Example 7 page 168
Practise Now 7 page 169
The length, 𝑙 cm, of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square of its
period (time taken to complete one oscillation), 𝑇 seconds. A pendulum with length of
225 cm has a period of 3s.
(i) Find an equation connecting 𝑙 and 𝑇.
(ii) Find the length of a pendulum which has a period of 5s.
(iii) What is the period of a pendulum which has a length of 100 cm?
The length, 𝑙 cm, of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square of its
period (time taken to complete one oscillation), 𝑇 seconds. A pendulum with length of
225 cm has a period of 3s.
(i) Find an equation connecting 𝑙 and 𝑇.
(ii) Find the length of a pendulum which has a period of 5s.
(iii) What is the period of a pendulum which has a length of 100 cm?

(i) 𝑙 is directly proportional to 𝑇2 (ii) When 𝑇 = 5 (iii) When 𝑙 = 100

𝒍 = 𝐤T2 𝒍 = 25T2 𝒍 = 25 T2
When 𝑇 = 3, 𝑙 = 225 𝑙 = 25 ⨯ 52 100 = 25 T2
225 = k ⨯ 32 𝑙 = 625 𝑇2 = 4
225 = k ⨯ 9 𝑇 = 4 (T > 0)
k = 25 𝑇=2
𝒍 = 25 T2 The period of the pendulum is 2 s.
 Additional Exercise

Exercise 7B page 170

 Unit 5:
Direct and Inverse Proportion
ISTEN
NGLISH

CTIVE PARTICIPATION

ESPECT

O group answer
Lesson objective

To explain the concept of inverse proportion

using table and equation
 Inverse Proportion

Table below show the time taken for a car to travel a distance
of 120 km at different speeds.

Speed (𝒙 km/h) 10 20 30 40 60 120

Time taken
(𝒚 hours) 12 6 4 3 2 1
 Inverse Proportion

Speed (𝒙 km/h) 10 20 30 40 60 120

Time taken (𝒚 hours) 12 6 4 3 2 1
Product (𝒙𝒚 km) … … … … … …

If y is INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to x, then

𝑘
𝑥1𝑦1 = 𝑥2𝑦2 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = , where 𝑘 is a constant
𝑥
Which of the following quantities are in inverse proportion? State the assumption
made in each case.
(a) The number of pencils Ali buys and the total cost of the pencils.
(b) The number of taps filling a tank and the time taken to fill the tank.
(c) The number of men laying a road and the time taken to finish the laying road.
(d) The number of cattle to be fed and the amount of fodder.
(e) The number of cattle to be fed and the time taken to finish a certain amount of the
fodder.
Worked Example 8 page 171
Practise Now 8 page 172
Exercise 7C page 179
Worked Example 9 page 172
Practise Now 9 page 172
 Additional Exercise

Exercise 7C page 179