4 Ws of Publishing my
research data
Elmar M. Villota
Image source: https://scienceofparkinsons.com/2018/06/11/nad/
OUTLINE
Part I. Part II.
Author’s
4Ws Basic Toolkit
(if we still have time, I would
Part III. like to talk about CLSU’s
publication performance
Q&A profile as seen from Elsevier
Tool Scival)
4 Ws
Why?
When?
What?
Where?
Why publish?
• Recognition
(Incentive)
• Advancement of
career
• Required!!!
Image source: https://simplyeducate.me/2013/07/20/why-publish-research-findings/
Why publish? Your research goal is to acquire:
(1) new knowledge,
(2) expertise, and
There is only one reason: (3) experience in research
We owe it science! communications.
Your output MUST contribute to the knowledge
base and scientific literature of the field.
“NO PUBLICATION MEANS IT DID
NOT HAPPEN”
Image source: https://lifeshappymoments.com/tip-of-the-iceberg/
“…publish as soon as you have enough data to
put together a good story. The keys to this are
WHEN? realizing that you don’t have to answer all the
research questions in your field, and realizing
when you have just enough data to get
published. “
“…you can publish sooner, the data is out there
for the benefit of advancing the research topic,
you receive recognition for your work, and
decrease your chances of getting scooped.
Better to get a paper in a “lesser” journal
than no paper at all!”
https://www.digital-science.com/blog/2015/09/publish-or-perish-but-when-is-the-right-time/
Types of manuscript
1. Original research
Also called: Original article, research article,
research, article
• most common type of journal manuscript used to publish full reports
of data from research (Springer)
• original works of broad scientific significance (ACS)
• Originality is defined as new experimental data, new
interpretations of existing data, or new theoretical analyses of phenomena
• Significance is judged with respect to the breadth of impact of the reported
findings
• 7000 word-equivalent limit (ACS)
WHAT?
Types of manuscript
2. Short reports
Also called: Letters, brief communications
• communicate brief reports of data from original research
that editors believe will be interesting to many researchers,
and that will likely stimulate further research in the field
(Springer)
• can be preliminary but original works of broad scientific
significance (ACS)
• 3000 word-equivalent limit (ACS)
WHAT?
Types of manuscript
3. Review Articles
• provide a comprehensive summary of research on a certain topic,
and a perspective on the state of the field and where it is heading
• often written by leaders in a particular discipline after invitation
from the editors of a journal
• widely read and highly cited
• (for example, by researchers looking for a full introduction to a field)
• reviews commonly cite approximately 100 primary research articles
WHAT?
Types of manuscript
Others
Case studies, Features, Perspectives,
WHAT?
Peer reviewed vs not
Peer reviewed
Refereed = Peer-reviewed
• Peer-reviewed articles, also known as scholarly
articles, are published based on the approval
of a board of professional experts in the
discipline relating to the article topic
• Scholarly/peer-reviewed articles differ from
other easily available print sources because the
review process gives them more authority than,
for example, a newspaper or magazine article
• Archived
WHERE??
Table source: https://www.nacc.edu/
The Battle of Databases:
Web of Science (WoS) vs
Scopus
• Web of Science is an online subscription-based
scientific citation indexing service originally produced
by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) all the
way from 1900, now maintained by Clarivate
Analytics
• WoS Core Collection, as the most important legacy of Eugene Garfield,
especially its three classical journal citation indexes, i.e., Science Citation
Index Expanded (SCIE), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and Arts and
Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI), are well-known and widely used in
academia.
• Scopus is an interdisciplinary bibliographic online
database launched in 2004 containing abstracts and
citation database as a competitor to Web of Science.
Scopus is owned by Elsevier, an international
publication group
The Battle of Databases:
Web of Science (WoS) vs
Scopus
• The number of papers mentioning “WoS” rose rapidly
from 102 in 2004 to 4932 in 2018, especially after
2011, which demonstrates the increasing use of WoS
in scientific papers. “
• Like the WoS-related records, the annual production of
Scopus-related records also grows rapidly. Only two
Scopus-related papers were published in 2005,
however, the number of Scopus-related papers went
up to 3252 in 2018.
• As a new database, Scopus is increasingly used (at
least mentioned) in academic papers (only a bit less than
the competitor WoS) and is challenging the dominating
role of WoS
Official link for sources
Web of Science
https://mjl.clarivate.com/collection-list-downloads
Scopus
https://www.scopus.com/home.uri
Web of Science vs Scopus vs (Google Scholar)
Web of Science Core
Features Scopus Google Scholar
Collection
Number of journals 13,100 21,950 Unknown
(20,556 if include ESCI) (22,800 if include trade pubs)
Proceedings 10.5 million 8 million Unknown
Focus Science, technology, social sciences, Physical sciences, health sciences, life All subject areas
arts and humanities sciences, social sciences & humanities
Period covered 1900-present 1970-present Unknown
Non-English Yes, if has an English abstract Yes, if has an English abstract; 22% Articles published in many
of journals are non-English languages
# Published outside North 14,420 16,000 Unknown
America (20,420 if include ESCI)
Updated Daily Daily Unknown
Author profiles Author-created as part of Auto-generated by Scopus – edits Author created and edited
ResearcherID – edited by authors only done by Scopus staff
As of Jan. 2019
https://instr.iastate.libguides.com/c.php?g=901522&p=6492159
Web of Science vs Scopus vs (Google Scholar)
Web of Science Core
Features Scopus Google Scholar
Collection
Strengths • Covers only "journals of • Visually stunning author and • Includes all types of documents -
influence" citation reports e.g., tutorials, posters, presentations
• Coverage back to 1900 • International and • Finds more citations in most
subject areas
• Organization name unification specialized disciplinary • Book coverage via Google
• Publisher neutral (they coverage Books and free online publications.
are an info provider, not a • Includes Altmetrics when • International and interdisciplinary
publisher) available (on abstract page) coverage
• Includes in-press articles
Weaknesses • Difficulty searching unusual • Early reports pointed out • Few sorting options
author name formats: weak in social sciences and • Questionable content quality
hyphenated, compound names, humanities and • Problems correctly ingesting
umlauts, etc. physics/astronomy meta-data from PDF files
• Punctuation issues - e.g., • Typographical errors in • Many non-peer-reviewed
ampersands in journal titles. records sources
• Must create a Scholar Citation
Profile to create reports
https://instr.iastate.libguides.com/c.php?g=901522&p=6492159
Web of Science vs Scopus vs (Google Scholar)
Which Source to Use for What:
Coverage of journals published outside Google Scholar and Scopus do a lot more of this than Web of Science.
the U.S.
Non-English language publications Google Scholar will find more of these.
Interdisciplinary field coverage Scopus and Google Scholar cover more journals in fields that span multiple
disciplines.
“High-influence” publications Web of Science
Peer reviewed journals Scopus and Web of Science. Google Scholar is known to cover a lot of
non-reviewed content.
Non-journal coverage Google Scholar has more unique types of materials (PDF files, Word docs, technical
reports, theses and dissertations, etc.). Web of Science and Scopus both have “some”
proceedings and books but they are mainly covering journal articles.
Book coverage Google Scholar excels at this way more than the others as it covers Google
Books content along with other freely-accessible online publications.
https://instr.iastate.libguides.com/c.php?g=901522&p=6492159
Quality and Inequality:
Journal Impact Factor vs CiteScore
Journal Impact Factor CiteScore
(WoS) (Scopus)
✓ Published by Clarivate Analytics (Subscription) ✓ Published by Scopus (Free to download)
✓ 44th year since initial publication ✓ 2012 to present
✓ Updated annually ✓ Updated annually with monthly CiteScore tracker
✓ Metrics and analysis of the world’s most impactful ✓ Include other performance metrics such as SJR and
journals SNIP
✓ Impact metrics only include original ✓ Inclusion of peer-reviewed journals, book series,
research and review articles conference proceedings, and trade publications
(Journals are editorially picked and excludes ones with
predatory nature and ones with excessive self citation and
citation stacking behavior)
Quality and Inequality:
Journal Impact Factor vs CiteScore
Impact Factor calculation
IF for current year
IMPORTANT!!!
Documents from past 2 years ❖ From the equations, we see
that these quantities simply
reflect the average citation
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 per article a certain journal
𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟2020 =
𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2019 + 𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2018 published over a period (2
𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2019 + 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2018 years for JIF and 3 years for
CiteScore for current year CiteScore).
CiteScore calculation
Documents from past 3 years ❖ JIF and CiteScore reflects the
performance (mainly
relevance and impact) of the
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 JOURNAL and not the
ARTICLES.
𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2019 + 𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2018 + 𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2017
𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒2020 =
𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2019 + 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2018 + 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠2017
Quality and Inequality:
Journal Impact Factor vs CiteScore
Descriptive statistics, normality test, and correlation values,
between CiteScore and corresponding Journal Impact Factor
for the top 43 Library of Science (LIS) journals.
Key takeaways:
• On average, the journals have a higher CiteScore value
(3.27) than JIF (2.425). This indicates that the citation
patterns are slightly different in the two databases (WoS
vs Scopus)
• The CiteScore and JIF of these journals are not normally
distributed.
• There is a strong significant positive correlation (r =
0.787; rs = 0.828) between the CiteScore and JIF of the
43 journals.
Quality and Inequality:
What is a good impact factor? “In most fields, the
impact factor of 10 or
greater is considered an
excellent score while 3
is flagged as good and
the average score is less
than 1. This is a rule of
thumb. However, the
wild card to pay
attention to is that
impact factor and
comparing journals are
most effective in
the same discipline”
https://www.scijournal.org/articles/good-impact-factor
Distribution of Journal IF by Categories
Quality and Inequality:
The h-index vs i10-index
• h-index (or Hirsch index), is the most used author metric. It was created by the physician
Jorge E. Hirsch in 2005 (California University).
• Hirsch defined: “a scientist has index h if h of his or her Np papers have at least h
citations each and the other (Np-h) papers have ≤ h citations each.”
• An author with h-index=12 would mean 12 of his/her publications have at least 12
citations while the rest of his/her publications have ≤ 12 citations.
• i10-index is simply the number of publications with at least 10 citations
• Keep in mind that h and i10 indices are author metrics and is time
dependent
• accessible from Google Scholar (author profile) or from other
author/researcher profile websites such as Scopus Preview and Publons
https://academicbeez.com/how-to-calculate-h-index/
https://libguides.graduateinstitute.ch/metrics/author_impact
Quality and Inequality:
The h-index vs i10-index
Quality and Inequality:
The h-index vs i10-index
“Fees be with you”:
Subscription vs Open Access (OA) Journals
Subscription-based model Open Access
✓ Traditional model in the academic ✓ A more recent model (in the advent of
publishing industry the internet)
✓ Require readers to pay for the ✓ Readers are not charged: they have
content that they read free online access to the content
✓ Limited readership ✓ Wider readership
✓ Copyrights for the published content ✓ Authors generally retain copyright
are usually transferred to the journal (easier to share and reuse)
✓ Minimal to Zero Publishing charges ✓ Article processing charges (APCs) can
go up to 5000 USD (Cell Reports)
“Fees be with you”:
Subscription vs Open Access (OA) Journals
• Factors to consider:
• Visibility
• Publishing your article in an OA journal means that more people are likely to see
it, simply because more people will be able to access it.
• Cost
• APC vs Subscription cost. Pay for your readers or let them pay to see you?
• Prestige
• OA journals because they may not be as well known as some of the larger, more
well-established journals in a given field
• Speed
• the time from acceptance to publication is significantly shorter for OA journals
compared with traditional journals.
https://www.aje.com/arc/making-the-choice-open-access-vs-traditional-journals/
“Fees be with you”:
Subscription vs Open Access (OA) Journals
Predatory Journals
• OA system has spawned a darker side, the world of “predatory
journals”
• Defined as - open access publishing that involves charging publication
fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing
services associated with legitimate journals
• Becoming more sophisticated and can fool even experienced published
scientists
https://www.writescientificpapers.com/blog/10-signs-you-are-dealing-with-a-predatory-journal
10 Signs that you’re dealing with a Predatory Journal
• Read some of their published papers.
• Check out who's who on the editorial board?
• There are no submission requirements, or the requirements seem way too easy.
• Spelling and grammatical errors in the publication.
• The costs.
• Check the Indexes.
• The journal only works via email and doesn't have an online submission
platform.
• Journals that send you unsolicited invitations to submit a paper.
• Journals that promise really quick "review" and publication time.
• Trust your instinct.
https://www.writescientificpapers.com/blog/10-signs-you-are-dealing-with-a-predatory-journal
AUTHOR’S
BASIC TOOLKIT
“GUIDE FOR AUTHORS”
• Journal Specific
• All journals (should) have it
• Uniformity
• Form and format
• Readability
• Always read it THOROUGHLY!
• Contains everything you need in
preparing and submitting your
manuscript to the journal of interest.
“GUIDE FOR AUTHORS”
• Number of words limitation
• Sections and sectioning
• Paragraph forms and formatting
• Rules on Tables
• Rules on Figures
• Citation styles
• Other requirements
OTHER Submission
Requirements
• Cover Letter
• Supporting Information
• Highlights or Synopsis
• Graphical Abstract
• Declaration of interest
• Declaration of novelty and significance
• Authors contribution to the paper
• Word Processor
• Graphing/plotting tools
• Spelling and grammar
checkers
My Personal • Citation managers
AUTHOR STARTER • Plagiarism checkers
PACK
Word Processor
• MS Word
• Open Office??
Graphing and plotting tools
• MS PowerPoint and Excel
Others
• Statistical software (Statistica,
Design Expert)
• SigmaPlot
• ChemDraw
• OriginPro
Spelling and Grammar
checkers
• MS Word (bult-in
editor/checker)
• Grammarly
Citation/Reference
managers
• Mendeley (Elsevier)
• Others:
Endnote (Clarivate)
Zotero (Non-profit group?)
Plagiarism checkers
• iThenticate
• Turnitin
Donald Stokes’ Pasteur’s Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological
Innovation
Use-inspired basic research
Basic research (Bohr) (Pasteur)
Applied research
(Edison)
Source: https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/psychology/pdf/klahr/learning-sciences-research-and-pasteurs-quadrant.pdf
Q&A
