Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Civil Engineering

Capstone Project (CIV2201)
Proposal Report

Lecturer: Mr. Safrawz Sharief

Date of submission: April 2, 2024
 1

TITLE PAGE

Title: Design and Construction of a Sustainable Rainwater Harvesting System for a Potable Water
supply at the University of Guyana.

Group Members:

Name USI#

Grace Hinds 1043200

Alyisa Lambert 1045605

Shemar Lanferman 1039043

Achim Abrams 1045584

Chanderpaul Sookdeo 1045329

Nizi Realine 1044734

Demarion Roberts 1045213

Leticia Andrews 1044015

Zaved Yunas 1045127

Natisha Dos Santos 1043584

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ABSTRACT

The proposed sustainable rainwater harvesting system for a potable water supply at the University of
Guyana will be located on the Eastern side of the campus library area. The aim is to address water
sustainability challenges, and the overall lack of potable water at the University. This technology will reduce
reliance on municipal water supply by 60%. The proposed project will be implemented by attaching the
system to the existing catchment area already in place at the library. The proposed system at the University
of Guyana holds great promise in addressing water scarcity and promoting environmental responsibility. By
harnessing the natural resource of rainwater, the University can contribute to a more sustainable campus
while ensuring safe drinking water for students around the library area.
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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE...................................................................................................... 1

ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................4

BACKGROUND OF STUDY.........................................................................4

SCOPE OF STUDY........................................................................................ 5

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY............................................................................. 6

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY............................................................................7

LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................8

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS......................................................................... 9

EVALUATION AND DECISION....................................................................13

The Decision Matrix A along with the alternatives, criteria and weights..... 13

Criteria used to Evaluate Design Approach and Weights..............................14

PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATION.................................................................... 18

Background Research (Theoretical Implementation)....................................18

Practical Implementation...............................................................................20

FLOW CHART..............................................................................................21

FACILITIES......................................................................................................22

Laboratory Testing.........................................................................................22

Laboratory Equipments................................................................................. 22

PERSONNEL/ORGANISATIONAL CHART...............................................24

GANTT CHART...............................................................................................26

BUDGET............................................................................................................27

REFERENCES..................................................................................................31

APPENDICES...................................................................................................33
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INTRODUCTION

Background of study

Guyana, also called ‘The Land of Many Waters’ is known for its vast amount of rainforest areas and
its rich water resources. Many people have access to various water sources, which balance the availability
and quality of the different sources. These options include bottled water, public supply, and rainwater
harvesting.

The process of collecting and storing rainwater that runs off surfaces like roofs or that falls into a
storage container is known as "rainwater harvesting." Rainwater may be collected using a variety of methods
in both homes and commercial areas. Techniques can vary in complexity based on the desired outcome,
volume, and intended usage. In Guyana, rainwater collection is a traditional technique. Approximately,
fourteen (14) percent of the people in the population get their drinking water solely from rainwater
harvesting.

Recent study shows that from the years 2005 to 2006, thirteen (13) to sixteen (16) percent of the
people residing in the urban areas harvested rainwater for drinking purposes and in the rural areas the
percentages jacked up to a twenty-six (26) to twenty-seven (27) percent.

(Office of Climate Change, n.d.)

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SCOPE OF STUDY

This project encompasses the installation of a rainwater harvesting system with filtration for the University of
Guyana, Turkeyen Campus, this system will supply water for students and staff around the library area. The
following stages of the project are:

1. Planning and Designing a suitable rainwater harvesting system with a filter to remove contaminants

2. Deciding what recyclable materials can be used for the construction of the system to minimize the
environmental footprint of the project.

3. Determining the overall cost associated with the implementation of the system.

The rainwater harvesting system will be planned and built adjacent to the library. The materials chosen for
constructing different parts of the system may include plastic, metal, concrete, glass, or composite materials
to promote sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of the project.
 6

OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The proposed project objectives are as follows:

1. To ascertain the overall cost associated with planning, building and deploying a rainwater harvesting
system with filtration for the University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus (Library area).

2. To minimise the environmental footprint by constructing at least 10% of the system's components from
recycled or recyclable materials, thereby promoting an eco-friendly approach to water resource
management.

3. Implement a filtration system that removes at least 90% of identified contaminants from rooftop-
collected rainwater, aligning with local safety standards.

4. To meet the increasing water demand, by providing potable water for consumption for students and
staff in the library area, thus significantly reducing reliance on municipal water supply by at least 60
%.

\
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LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

Limitations: (Rainwater Management Solutions, n.d.)

1. Unreliable Rainfall:

Rainwater harvesting relies on precipitation, which is inherently unpredictable. Since rain events are
considered acts of nature, expecting a consistent and reliable water supply solely from rainwater is not
feasible.

2. Installation Challenges:

The capital cost of a rainwater harvesting system can be higher than obtaining centralised distribution
systems.

3. Maintenance and Cleaning Burden:

Rainwater collection systems require regular maintenance to function optimally. Gutters, downspouts,
and storage tanks can accumulate debris, leaves, and sediment over time. Neglecting maintenance can
lead to clogs, reduced water flow, and compromised water quality.
 8

LITERATURE REVIEW

Rainwater harvesting, an old and traditional approach to collecting and saving rainwater, has
experienced renewed attention in recent years (Hansen, et al., 2016). In Guyana, it has served as a reliable
source of potable water for a significant portion of the population (Technology Needs Assessment for the
Adaptation Republic of Guyana PROJECT

IDEA NOTES AGRICULTURE, WATER, AND COASTAL ZONE & LOW-LYING

COMMUNITIES, 2018). With technological advancements, feasibility, and sustainability in mind, several
research studies have delved into ensuring the efficacy of rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS),
specifically in an educational environment.

A study conducted by Moglia et al. (2012) advocated the importance of carefully planning and
designing an RWHS, emphasizing the required storage volume to the rainfall variability and the
consumption rate. The proposed project aligns with this research by intending to design an efficient and
suitable RWHS taking into account local conditions at the University of Guyana.

The use of recycled materials for the construction of RWHS has been advocated by multiple
researchers (Coombes et al., 2002; Farreny et al., 2011). As the proposed project aims to construct a major
part of RWHS using recyclable materials, it supports the research literature that recommends using such
materials to reduce the environmental impact.

Implementing a proper filtration system is important to eliminate contaminants from the harvested
rainwater. According to Ghisi and Ferreira (2007), an effective filtration system can achieve a high level of
water quality, making the water safe for consumption. This research is a basis for the proposed project's
objective of including a sturdy filtration system.

Studies show that decisions on the overall cost-efficiency of RWHS are essential (Fewkes and
Warm, 2000; Campisano and Modica, 2012). The research literature complements the specific objective
of the proposed project to ascertain the overall costs associated with implementing the system.
Moreover, Ghisi et al., (2007) support the role of RWHS in significantly reducing reliance on municipal
water supply, which is in line with the proposed project’s specific objectives aimed at meeting the rising
water demand at University of Guyana, Turkeyen Campus.
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ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

(1) Drawing depicting the 3D view of the Reinforced Concrete Trestle.

TYPICAL REINFORCED CONCRETE TRESTLE.

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Proposed Solution: Rainwater Harvesting System connected to library:

The proposed design for the rainwater harvesting system at the University of Guyana, situated on the
library’s eastern side, entails the construction of a meticulously designed trestle (6’ x 8’ x 10’). This
structure will accommodate two 1700L storage tanks, in close proximity to each other, along with the
necessary piping systems and other components. These elements will be installed in their respective
positions, extending from the gutters to the tank, and from the tank to the pump and filtration system. While
the library’s current catchment area requires some refurbishment, the gutters and piping are in good
condition and will necessitate only minor adjustments.

Additionally, a water supply sink (2'- 8" x 6' x 5') will be integrated into the system, providing easy
access to the treated water. The implementation of a concrete sink will not only enhance its lifespan but also
ensure a sustained water supply for users. This contributes significantly to the effectiveness and longevity of
the rainwater harvesting system, thereby ensuring a reliable potable water supply at the University.

The proposed design approach stands out as the most cost-effective and pragmatically feasible option
for implementation.
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Two Alternative Solutions that could have been implemented are as follows:

Constructing a separate structure for the catchment area, instead of using the library:

1. An alternative solution that involves the construction of a dedicated, standalone structure designed
specifically for rainwater harvesting This structure, located in close proximity to the library, would be
equipped with a comprehensive gutter system to maximize water collection and will have a foundation of
12’x13’x10’. The system would channel rainwater from the roof directly into a storage tank, mirroring the
primary proposed solution. The stored water would then undergo a pumping and filtration process before
being directed to the sink. This alternative solution could offer significant advantages, particularly if the
library’s roof is unsuitable or insufficiently large for optimal rainwater harvesting. This approach ensures a
reliable water supply while also promoting sustainable water management practices.
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Shipping Container Setup

2. The proposed system utilizes a (6 x 6 x 8) shipping container as the foundation for a water harvesting
and supply mechanism. The design incorporates a roof, affixed atop the container, to facilitate water
collection. The harvested water is then directed into a solitary tank, strategically positioned at the container’s
rear on a concrete slab. This arrangement ensures a seamless flow towards a pump and an internal filtration
system housed within the container. The system also accommodates necessary maintenance materials. The
final component of this design is the supply station, which will be erected adjacent to the pathway leading to
the library, ensuring a consistent water supply.

TYPICAL SHIPPING CONTAINER SHED

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EVALUATION AND DECISION

The Decision Matrix (A) along with the alternatives, criteria and weights:

● 1- Very Low
● 2- Fairly Low
● 3- Moderate
● 4- Fairly High
● 5 - Very High

Weight (0.40) (0.15) (0.15) (0.10) (0.10) (0.10)

Alternative Cost Area size Amount of Economical Sustainable Durable Total

(Dimension) rainwater
being collected

1. Rainwater 3 4 5 4 5 4 25
Harvesting
System attached
to the Library
(Proposed
Solution)

5 3 3 3 3 3 20
2.Constructing a
shed roof for a
Rainwater
Harvesting
System

3. Shipping 4 4 2 3 3 2 18
container used
for a Rainwater
Harvesting
System.
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Criteria used to Evaluate Design Approach and Weights

In this initiative, the research team is set to establish a rainwater harvesting system aimed at supplying
potable water to the students and staff around the library area. This endeavor is a response to the escalating
concerns over water scarcity, a repercussion of global climate change.

The design approach’s efficacy will be assessed using a decision matrix based on several criteria.
These include the total cost of installing the rainwater harvesting system, the volume of rainwater that the
system can collect, the dimensions of the area required for the system, and the economic and environmental
sustainability of each alternative. Additionally, the durability of each alternative in serving the design
approach will be considered to ensure long-term effectiveness.

The assignment of weights to each criterion is based on their respective significance and influence on
the project design, cumulatively adding up to 100%. In the decision matrix, the cost criterion carries a
weight of 0.40, signifying its 40% importance. This was the primary factor considered during the planning
phase to ensure full budget transparency and effective procurement of necessary materials

The dimension, or area size, criterion has a weight of 0.15, indicating its 15% importance. This was a
crucial factor considered when installing the rainwater harvesting system on the campus, ensuring no
obstructions to the setup process.

Lastly, the volume of rainwater collected by the system also holds a weight of 0.15, reflecting its 15%
importance. This criterion is vital in addressing the challenges of flooding and promoting water and energy
conservation.

The economic value of the rainwater harvesting system is assigned a weight of 0.10, indicating its
10% importance. The system is expected to provide significant benefits to the campus’s students and staff
around the library area. By implementing such a system, select individuals in the campus’s library area can
potentially save money by using the harvested rainwater instead of purchasing bottled water, thereby
reducing the need for bottled water purchases.

Sustainability, which pertains to the upkeep or maintenance of the rainwater harvesting system, is also
assigned a weight of 0.10, reflecting its 10% importance. Maintenance plays a crucial role in the
 15

construction of a rainwater harvesting system as it helps extend the system’s service life, improve efficiency,
and increase productivity.

Lastly, durability, which refers to the system’s ability to withstand wear and damage due to
environmental factors such as temperature, natural light, and terrain, is assigned a weight of 0.10, signifying
its 10% importance. This criterion is crucial in determining the system’s lifespan and its ability to maintain
optimal performance.
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Evaluation and Decision

As indicated in the Decision Matrix, the proposed solution emerges as the most suitable choice for the
placement of the rainwater harvesting system on the campus. It is the optimal approach in designing the
rainwater harvesting system for potable water supply. According to the design matrix, the proposed solution
scores a value of 25, making it the most favorable design approach for this project. It is followed by
Alternative 1 with a value of 20, positioning it as the second-best approach. Alternative 2, with a value of 18,
is considered the least favorable alternative for executing this project.

The cost associated with setting up the system was moderately high, given the existence of gutters
already attached to the library’s roof. In comparison to Alternatives 1 and 2, the cost was relatively high as
the researchers would have had to construct a shed with a gutter attached to the roof for rainwater collection
and purchase a shipping container to set up a roof and gutter for rainwater capture.

Upon evaluating the proposed locations for the rainwater harvesting system, the selected solution
proved to be the most suitable compared to the other alternatives. The research team ensured there was
sufficient space to install the rainwater harvesting system on the eastern side of the library. A concrete trestle
with dimensions of 4 x 6 x 10 ft will be constructed behind the sink, housing two storage tanks and pipes
leading to the pump and filter.

Alternative 1 was the next best solution for setting up the rainwater harvesting system. A foundation
measuring 12 x 13-10 x 4 ft. would have been constructed, along with a shed equipped with gutters. This
would have been located on the eastern side of the library, approximately 10 feet away.

The second alternative involved using a shipping container, which would have been placed in the same
location as the shed to collect rainwater. Geographical constraints, such as weather, accessibility, and terrain,
were considered when determining these proposed locations for the rainwater harvesting system.

The volume of rainwater collected from the library’s roof is expected to be substantial, making the
proposed solution more reliable compared to Alternatives 1 and 2. This approach, being the most suitable for
this project, will ensure that the two storage tanks are filled in a timely manner, thus making this alternative
the most successful.

When comparing Alternatives 1 and 2, Alternative 1 would have been the second preference for
designing the rainwater harvesting system, as per the design matrix. The shed, with dimensions of 6 x 6 x 8
ft and a slope of 1 ½ ft, would have been effective in collecting rainwater to fill the two storage tanks.
 17

For Alternative 2, a shipping container with a dimension of 10ft, along with a shed elevated at one end
of the container with a slope of 2ft, would not have been able to capture as much rainfall. Therefore, this
makes it the least favorable approach for constructing the rainwater harvesting system.

The rainwater harvesting system will require some maintenance to extend the service life of the
equipment and reduce downtime of the system. Although the proposed solution is the best selection to
initiate this project, it will require a hefty amount of maintenance compared to the alternatives, which is due
to the pipe gutters being high on the library and scaffolds will be required to get on the top of the building.
This decision relies on some predominant variables such as the budget, installation and quality of materials.

Endurance without significant degradation is the standard measure of durability. By saving resources,
cutting waste, and minimizing the environmental effects of replacement and maintenance, a durable material
benefits the environment. The rainwater harvesting system for potable water supply attached to the library
requires high-quality materials and proper installation for durability and needs regular maintenance.
Constructing a shed roof for rainwater harvesting for potable water supply has a higher initial cost for
supplies and moderate maintenance required, however it provides some protection from external elements
and could improve durability. Using the shipping container for this system was not a good option due to it
not being as durable as the proposed solution and alternatives 1.

The economic aspect of this project is indeed a crucial parameter. When comparing the cost-
effectiveness of attaching a rainwater harvesting system to the library, constructing a shed roof for the
system, and using a shipping container, several factors come into play. These include initial costs, long-term
savings, maintenance, space, aesthetics, and environmental impact.

People are undoubtedly aware of the environmental issues caused by heavy rainfall and the
inconvenience it can cause. Rainwater harvesting provides a solution to some of these problems, such as
reducing the need for energy and drinking water and mitigating local flooding.

As mentioned before in terms of constructing the rainwater harvesting system for potable water
supply, the proposed solution is deemed to be the most economical route compared to Alternatives 1 and 2,
according to the design matrix. Both Alternatives 1 and 2 have lower values compared to the proposed
solution, making them secondary choices for designing the rainwater harvesting system.
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PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATION

Background Research (Theoretical Implementation)

1. Proposed Project Selection

The team members gathered on campus to propose ideas for the CIV2201 Capstone project, this
entailed deciding on a project title, location, as well as overall effectiveness of the selected proposal. After
careful thought, the team members decided on the design and construction of a “Sustainable Rainwater
Harvesting System for a Potable Water supply at the University of Guyana”. The system would be erected at
the eastern side of the library, just after the main entrance of the building.

This project was chosen due to the longstanding need for access to potable water at the University of
Guyana.

2. Literature Review / Design

After proposing the project for completion, the team members proceeded to conduct background
research on the intended proposal. This was necessary to acquire in depth knowledge on rainwater
harvesting systems in order to effectively carry out the implementation. The information was then used to
create the proposed design as well as two alternative design approaches.

3. Cost Analysis / Estimate

The proposed design’s foundation, dimensions and materials were used to create an overall cost
estimate of the entire project.

4. Data Assessment

All collected data was revised before the completion of the proposal report, this was done collectively
to ensure that the information was accurate.

5. Completion of Project Proposal

The capstone project comprised several components, with active participation from all team members.
While individual team members handled the theoretical aspects, critical elements such as Alternative
 19

Solutions, Methodology, and Evaluation and Decision were collaboratively addressed. This approach
ensured both efficient work output and alignment among team members.

7. Maintain and Optimize (Recommendations and Conclusion)

Regular inspection and maintenance of the rainwater harvesting system will be conducted to ensure
efficient functioning. Optimized usage will be done based on feedback from the students at the University.
 20

Practical Implementation

1. Transportation of Materials

Efficiently transporting the necessary materials to the project site is crucial. This included items like system
components, construction materials, and tools and equipment.
Transportation was organised ahead of time to avoid delays in the implementation process.

2. Laboratory Testing (Concrete sample)

Before constructing any concrete structure, it's essential to perform laboratory testing on concrete samples.
Collected concrete samples from the construction site were taken to the Faculty of Engineering and
Technology laboratory where they were subjected to various tests, including compressive strength,
durability, and workability.

3. Consulting Contractor

The team members actively liaised with the project manager to discuss commencement dates, receive
progress reports, and stay informed about the ongoing construction of the rainwater harvesting systems.

4. Commencement of Concrete Works

The construction of the trestle foundation adhered meticulously to approved designs and specifications,
prioritising structural integrity. The concrete works included column and beam formwork installation,
precise rebar placement, concrete pouring, and subsequent removal of the formwork.

5. Installation of System Components

Following the concrete curing process the trestle was painted. After which, the installation of various rainwater
harvesting system components commenced. This encompassed positioning storage tanks, connecting piping,
installing valves, pump, filters, and other essential elements - all in accordance with the system’s design.
 21

FLOWCHART

Figure 1: Showing flowchart of Plan of Implementation.

 22

FACILITIES

 Laboratory Testing

Concrete Works - The proposed system requires the team members to construct a concrete trestle to
contain the system components (Storage tanks). In order to determine the ratio of the various constituents for
the concrete work a series of laboratory tests needs to be conducted. This test will be done at the University
of Guyana Civil Engineering Laboratory and will provide the engineering properties for the concrete sample
to be used for the trestle. All tests will be done according to ASTM procedure. Some of the Tests that will be
carried out at the FOET laboratory are as follows:

Concrete Mix Design

1. Workability Test (Slump Test)

2. Sieve analysis for coarse and fine aggregates
3. Compaction Factor Test
4. Tensile Strength Test
5. Consistency Test

 Laboratory Equipments (Labtech plus, 2022)

Some lab equipments to be used for the Testing of the concrete sample are as follows:

1. Vicat Apparatus: Used to determine the setting time of cement.Measures the consistency of cement
paste.

2. Standard Slump Cone: The slump cone is a frustum-shaped container used to measure the slump or
settlement of concrete.

3. ASTM Test Sand: Used to prepare mortar specimens for testing also ensures consistent sand
properties for mix design evaluation.
 23

4. Cube Moulds: Constructed of plastic, cast-iron, or zinc-plated steel is used for compressive strength
testing of concrete.

5. Concrete Mixers: Prepare concrete, asphalt, cement, and grout mix design samples for laboratory
testing.

6. Standard Sieve Set: Consists of a stack of sieves with different mesh sizes. Each sieve has a specific
opening size to allow particles of a certain range to pass through.

7. Tensile Testing Machine (Tensile Tester): An electromechanical system that applies a pulling force
(tensile force) to a material until it fractures.
 24

PERSONNEL/ORGANISATIONAL CHART

Team Members - This consist of the members of the group that proposed the implementation of the
rainwater harvesting system, group members will be present on site when all works are being conducted.

Project Manager (Civil Engineer) - Will oversee the entire construction of the rain water harvesting
system, ensuring its successful execution. This includes Planning, Coordinating, Resource Management, and
Quality Assurance.

Contractor - Responsible for executing the construction work, hiring subcontractors, (Plumbers for piping
works) as well as overseeing labourers and ensuring work is carried out according to plans and
specifications.
 25

Labourers - The hands-on workers who will physically construct the project. Their tasks include:

1. Site Preparation: Clearing and levelling the construction site.

2. Material Handling: Moving and organising construction materials.

3. Construction Work: Performing tasks such as digging, pouring concrete, framing, and installing
fixtures (Schwartz, 2024)
 26

GANTT CHART

Figure 1: Gantt chart depicting our group schedule

 27

BUDGET

Preliminary Construction Budget. (A. ally & sons, 2024)

NO. Description Quantity Estimated Cost Total Cost ( GYD )

( GYD )

SYSTEM COM PONENTS

1. 1700L Water 2 $40,000 $80,000

Storage Tank

2. Water Pump 1 $11,000 $11,000

110 V/60Hz
3. 1 $27000 $27000
Water
Treatment/Filtratio n
System

4. Screen Filter 1 $1,500 $1,500

First flush diverter
5. 1 $11628 $11628
Backflow preventer
6. 1 $1242 $1242
Water level indicator
7. 1 $14346 $14346

8. Water Flow Meter 1 $4000 $4000

9. 3” Pvc Pressure 4 Length $9,995 $39,980
SCH40 Pipe,

10. PVC Paste 1 pt $2160 $2160

11. PVC Pipe Strap 4” 20 $217 $4,340

 28

12. 2 $750 $1500

3” x 4” Downspouts

Lever Valve 3 $884 $2652

Total: $201,348

TOOLS & EQ UIPMENT

1. Wheelbarrow 1 $14250 $14250

2. Spade 2 $1362 $2724

3. Level 1 $3192 $3192

4. Gloves 4 $325 $1,300

5. Hand saw 450mm 1 $1,500 $1,500

6. Hammer 1 $898 $898

7. Measuring Tape 2 $423 $846

8. Trowel 2 $564 $1,128

9. Float 2 $437 $874

Total: $26,712

C ONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

1 Truck
1. Sand load 30,000 $30,000

2. Cement 40 $2000 $71,000

 29

3. 10mm Stone 2 ton $10,000 $20,000

4. 8mm Corrugated 200ft $850(per 20 ft) $8500

Rebar

$1000(per 20
5. 10mm Corrugated 160ft $8000
ft)
Rebar

10FT X
6. Construction 100FT $5100 $5100
Plastic Roll
44LB Box

7. Nails (2”) $9460 $9460

8. —------ $8,000
1” x 4” Pine
Board [ Formwork ]
[Concrete Slab]
9. —------- $15,000

4” x 6”Pine Board [
Formwork][Colu mns]

10. 9” Roller brush 2 $378 $756

Total: $175,816

FIN ISHING AND M AINTENANCE

1. Primer 3 Gal $3990 $7980

2. 3 Gal $9114 $18,228

Finishing
Semi-gloss paint
( Grey )

Total: $26,208
 30

LOGIST ICS

1. Transportation —--------- $15,000 $15,000

Total: $15,000

OVERHEAD
Manual Labour
1.
3 Persons $7000 $21,000
Utilities
2.
$5000 $5000

Total: $26,000

OVERALL COST= $471,084

The library’s existing guttering, along with the downspout, will be repurposed, resulting in significant cost
savings for the piping.
 31

REFERENCES

Department of Energy (.gov) (1977) Rainwater Harvesting System Technology Review

(online) Available at hpps://www.energy.gov/femp/rainwater- harvesting-system-technology review.

(Accessed on 14th March 2024)

Bushman Tanks (2014) What size water tank do I need? – Bushman Tanks (online) Available at
https://www.bushmantanks.com.au/blog/what-size-water- tank-do-I-need/
(Accessed on 19th March 2024).

A. ally & sons (2024) A. ally & sons, A. Ally & Sons. Available at: https://www.aallyandsons.com/
(Accessed: 19 March 2024).

Ofiice of climate change (no date) Project idea notes - office of climate change - guyana, Project Idea Notes
. Available at: https://climatechange.gov.gy/en/index.php/resources/documents/technology-needs-assessmen
t-tna/70-project-idea-notes-for-adaptation-guyana/file
(Accessed: 20 March 2024).

Rainwater Management Solutions (no date) Rainwater collection systems: Buy rainwater harvesting systems
for residential & commercial business, Rainwater Management Solutions. Available at:
https://rainwatermanagement.com/
(Accessed: 19 March 2024).

Labtech plus (2022) Concrete & Cement Testing Lab Equipment - Manufacturer & Supplier, Labtech Plus -
Soil Testing Lab Equipment, Manufacturers & Suppliers in Delhi. Available at:
https://www.labtechplus.com/concrete-and-cement-testing-lab-equipments/
(Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Schwartz, B. (2024) Construction project manager job description (with free example!), ProjectManager.
Available at:

https://www.projectmanager.com/blog/construction-project-manager-job-description
(Accessed: 28 March 2024).

Hansen, R., et al.(2016). "Rainwater Harvesting Trends." Journal of Water Management. (Accessed: 17 March
2024).
 32

Technology Needs Assessment for the Adaptation Republic of Guyana PROJECT IDEA

NOTES AGRICULTURE, WATER, AND COASTAL ZONE & LOW-LYING COMMUNITIES (2018).
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Moglia M, et al. (2012). "Planning of Rainwater Harvesting Systems." Environmental Engineering Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Coombes P, et al. (2002). "Rainwater Tanks and Microbial Water Quality." Environmental Health Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Farreny R, et al. (2011). "The Suitability of Using Recycled Materials in Rainwater Harvesting Systems."
Waste Management Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Ghisi E, Ferreira DF. (2007). "Potential for Potable Water Savings by Using Rainwater: An Analysis over 62
cities in southern Brazil." Building and Environment Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Fewkes A, Warm P. (2000). "The Influence of Rainwater Harvesting on the Overall Water Saving Efficiency."
Green Building Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Campisano A, Modica C. (2012). "Optimal Sizing of Storage Tanks for Domestic Rainwater Harvesting in
Sicily." Resources, Conservation and Recycling Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).

Ghisi E, et al. (2007). "Potential for Potable water savings by combining the use of rainwater and greywater in
houses in southern Brazil." Building and Environment Journal.
(Accessed: 17 March 2024).
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APPENDICES

Figure 1: Picture showing the proposed location for the rainwater harvesting system.
Taken by: Shemar Lanferman
Date: 12, March 2024