RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE #ictfromabc

ishÆ u ysñlï weúßKs /All Rights Reserved ]

Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu
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Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu
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Information and Communication Technology
Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc
Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu
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Ravindu IKh - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu
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Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu Bandaranayake - ictfromabc Ravindu
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2024 ojig fld<hla jevigyk 03

1. What is a type of memory, in which data can only be written once and cannot be erased?
o;a; tla jrla muKla ,súh yels iy uld oeñh fkdyels wdldrfha u;lhla jkafka my; tAjdhska
l=ulao@

1) PROM 2) EPROM 3) EEPROM 4) RAM 5) None of the above

by; lsisjla fkdfõ

Answer: 1)

The correct answer is PROM. PROM is a type of memory that is programmed once by a manufacturer or
user, typically during the manufacturing process.
ksjerÈ ms<s;=r PROM fõ' PROM hkq ksIamdolfhl= fyda mßYS,lfhl= úiska idudkHfhka ksIamdok
l%shdj,sfha§ tla jrla jevigyka.; lrk ,o u;l j¾.hls'

Once programmed, the data stored in PROM cannot be altered or erased. PROM retains its programmed
data even when the power is turned off.
jevigyka.; l< miq" PROM ys .nvd lr we;s o;a; fjkia lsÍug fyda uelSug fkdyelsh' PROM
n,h wl%sh jQ úg mjd tys jevigyka o;a; r|jd ;nd .kS'

2. If the following numbers are arranged in descending order, the answer is,
my; ixLHd wjfrdayK ms<sfj,g ieliQ úg ms<s;=r jkafka"
A. BC16 B.101010112 C. 17910 D. 2618

1) A,D,C,B 2) A,C,B,D 3) C,A,D,B 4) A,C,D,B 5) B,A,C,D

Answer: 4)
Hexa-decimal to decimal Octal to decimal
BC16 2618
B C 2 6 1
161 160 82 81 80
16×11 1×12 64×2 8×6 1×1
176+12=188 128+48+1=177
= 18810 = 17710

Binary to decimal
101010112
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
2 =128 2 =64 2 =32 2 =16 2 =8 2 =4 2 =2 2 =1
128 0 32 0 8 0 2 1
128+32+8+2+1=171
= 17110

188 > 179 > 177 > 171

BC16 > 17910 > 2618 > 101010112
A> C > D> B
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -2- #ictfromabc

3. What is the logic gate that has a similar function to the one in the circuit below?
my; i|ykaa úoHq;a mßm:fha l%shdldÍ;ajhg iudk l%shdldÍ;ajhla we;s ;d¾lsl oajdrh jkafka
l=ulao@

1) AND
2) OR
3) NOT
4) NAND
5) XNOR

Answer: 4)
There are several components used to draw circuit diagrams.
mßm: igyka we§ug Ndú;d lrk ix>gl lSmhla mj;S'

 Switch as Input (A, B)

iaúphla wdodkhla f,i (A, B)

ON – “1”
OFF – “0”

 Bulbs as Output (F)

n,anhla m%;sodkh f,i (F)
Truth table for above circuit
ON – “1” by; úoHq;a mßm:hg wod< i;H;d j.=j

OFF – “0”
A B F
 Wires
0 0 1
jh¾ 0 1 1
1 0 1
 Batteries 1 1 0
negß This is similar to the truth table of NAND gate.
fuh NAND oajdrfha i;H;d j.=jg iudkh'
 Resistors
m%;sfrdaOlh
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -3- #ictfromabc

4. What does the term "unicasting" refer to in computer networking?

mß.Kl cd,lrKfha§ "unicasting" hk fhÿfuka woyia lrkafka l=ulao@
1) Sending data to multiple recipients in a network simultaneously.
cd,hl .%dylhka lsysmhla fj; tljr o;a; heùu'
2) Transmitting data from one sender to one specific recipient in a network.
cd,hl tla hjkafkl=f.ka tla úfYaIs; ,nkafkl= fj; o;a; iïfm%aIKh lsÍu'
3) Broadcasting data to all devices on a local network.
foaYSh cd,hl ish¨u Wmdx. fj; o;a; úldYkh lsÍu'
4) Exchanging data between multiple devices using a central server.
uOHu fiajdodhlhla Ndú;d lrñka nyq Wmdx. w;r o;a; yqjudre lsÍu'
5) Replicating data across multiple servers for redundancy.
w;sßla;h i|yd nyq fiajdodhlhka yryd o;a; wkqlrKh lsÍu'

Answer: 2)
Imagine you have two computers connected to the same local network Computer A and Computer B.
Computer A wants to send a message to Computer B.
Tn i;=j Computer A iy Computer B f,i tlu m%dfoaYSh cd,hlg iïnkaO mß.Kl folla
we;ehs is;kak' Computer A yg Computer B fj; mKsúvhla heùug wjYH fõ'

1. Computer A prepares the message it wants to send.

Computer A úiska heùug wjYH mKsúvh ilia lrhs'

2. It then addresses the message specifically to Computer B.

bkamiq th Computer B fj; mKsúvh úfYaIfhka fhduq lrhs'

3. Computer A sends the message directly to Computer B over the network.

Computer A cd,h yryd Computer B fj; fl,skau mKsúvh hjhs'
.
4. Computer B receives the message and processes it.
Computer B mKsúvh ,ndf.k th ilihs'

In this scenario, Computer A is the sender and Computer B is the specific recipient. The communication
between them is an example of unicasting. Where data is transmitted from one sender to one specific
recipient.
fuu wjia:dfjys§ Computer A hjkakd jk w;r Computer B hkq ksYaÑ; ,nkakd fõ' Tjqka w;r
ikaksfõokh Unicasting i|yd WodyrKhla jk w;r tys§ tla hjkafkl=f.ka tla úfYaIs; ,nkakd
fj; o;a; iïfm%aIKh fõ'
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -4- #ictfromabc

5. What will be the output of the following Python code when x = 3?

x = 3 jk úg my; mhs;ka l%uf,aLfha m%;sodkh l=ulao@
len("hello") % x ** 2 + 4

1) 8 2) 9 3) 4 4) 5 5) 7

Answer: 2)
1. The pre-built len("hello") function calculates the length of the string "hello", which is 5.
fmr-ilik ,o (pre-built) len("hello") function tl "hello" hk ;ka;=fjys(string) È.
.Kkh lrk w;r th 5la fõ'

2. x ** 2 calculates 3 raised to the power of 2 (32), resulting in 9.

x ** 2 3 ys 2 ys n,h (32) .Kkh lrhs' fuh 9 ls'

3. The modulo operation, denoted by %, calculates the remainder when 5 is divided by 9 (5 % 9), which
is 5.
modulo operation tl % u.ska ksrEmkh lrhs' th 5, 9ka fn¥ úg b;sß w.h fmkakqï lrhs
(5 % 9)' th 5ls'

4. Finally, adding 5+4 results in 9.

wjidk jYfhka" 5+4 tl;= lsÍfuka 9 ,efí'
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -5- #ictfromabc

6. keys=[100,200,250,300,275,400,555]
for num in keys:
if num%2!=0:
continue
print(num)

What is the output of above python code?

by; mhs;ka fla;fha m%;sodkh l=ulao@
1) 100 2) 100 3) 100 4) 275 5) Error
200 200 200 555
250 250 300
300 300 555
275 400
400
555

Answer: 2)

for num in keys: loop iterates through each element in the keys list.
for num in keys: Æmh keys kï ,ehsia;=fõ tla tla uQ,dx. yryd mqkrdj¾;kh fõ'

Inside the loop, the if num%2!=0: condition checks if the current number(num) is not even
(i.e: If it's odd).
Æmh ;=<" if num%2!=0: j;auka number(num) brÜfÜ ke;skï ^tkï" th T;af;a kï& ;;a;ajh
mÍlaId lrhs'

If the number is odd, the continue statement is executed, which means the loop moves on to the next
iteration without executing the print(num) statement.
ixLHdj T;af;a kï" continue m%ldYh l%shd;aul fõ" thska woyia jkafka print(num) m%ldYh
l%shd;aul fkdlr Æmh B<Õ mqkrdj¾;kh fj; .uka lrk njhs'

If the number is even, the print(num) statement is executed, and the even number is printed.
wxlh brÜfÜ kï" print(num) m%ldYh l%shd;aul jk w;r brÜfÜ wxlh print fõ'

So, in the provided list of named keys, the code will print the even numbers.
tneúka" imhd we;s keys kï ,ehsia;= ;=<" fla;h brÜfÜ wxl print lrkq we;'

So output of this Python code is,

tu ksid fuu fla;fha m%;sodkh,

100
200
250
300
400
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -6- #ictfromabc

7. What statement/s is/are correct about EER (Extended ER) diagrams?

EER (Extended ER) igyka ms<snoj ksjerÈ m%ldY$h l=ulao@
A. Generalization is the process of defining a higher-level entity that encompasses common characteristics
of multiple lower-level entities.
idudkHlrKh hkq my< uÜgfï we;s N+;d¾: lsysmhl fmdÿ ,laIK we;=<;a by< uÜgfï
N+;d¾:hla ks¾jpkh lsÍfï l%shdj,shls'
B. Specialization is the process of refining or further dividing a higher-level entity into more specific
lower-level entities based on additional attributes or relationships.
úfYaISlrKh hkq w;sf¾l .=Kdx. fyda iïnkaO;d u; mokïj by< uÜgfï N+;d¾:hla jvd;a
ksYaÑ; my< uÜgfï N+;d¾: lsysmhlg ;jÿrg;a fn§fï l%shdj,shhs'
C. Both of the above statements are incorrect and the two concepts are almost identical.
by; m%ldY folu jerÈ jk w;r tu ixl,am fol wdikak jYfhka iudk fõ'
1) A only. 2) B only. 3) C only. 4) A and B only. 5) All of the above.
A muKs. B muKs. C muKs. A yd B muKs. by; ish,a,u.

Answer: 4)

Aspect Specialization Generalization

Process of refining a more general Process of abstracting common features

entity into one or more specific from specific entities to form a more
Definition entities. general entity.
w¾: oelaùu jvd;a fmdÿ N+;d¾:hla úfYaIs; jvd;a fmdÿ N+;d¾:hla msysgqùu i|yd
N+;d¾: tlla fyda lsysmhla njg úfYaIs; N+;d¾: j,ska fmdÿ ,laIK
fjka lsÍfï l%shdj,sh' úhqla; lsÍfï l%shdj,sh'
Top-down approach, moving
from general to specific. Bottom-up approach, moving from
Direction by< isg my<g m%fõYh" specific to general
ÈYdj idudkH isg ksYaÑ; olajd .uka my< isg by<g m%fõYh" úfYaIs; isg
lsÍu' idudkH olajd .uka lrhs
Forms a sub-type or subclass Forms a super-type or superclass
Hierarchy hierarchy. hierarchy.
Oqrdj,sh Wm-j¾.h fyda Wm mx;s iqmsß j¾.fha fyda iqmsß mka;sfha
Oqrdj,shla idohs' Oqrdj,shla idohs'
"is a" relationship
Relationship "is a" relationship
"is a" iïnkaO;djhla
iïnkaO;djh "is a" iïnkaO;djhla

Example
Car → Sedan, SUV, Truck Vehicle → Car, Truck, Motorcycle
WodyrK
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -7- #ictfromabc

8. Which of the following codes is used to change the case of a text using CSS?
mdGhl simple, capital nj fjkia lsÍug wod, CSS fla;kh jkafka?

1) text – transform : uppercase ;

2) text – decoration : uppercase ;
3) text – case : uppercase ;
4) text : uppercase ;
5) case : uppercase ;

Answer: 1)
The correct code to change the case of text using CSS is text-transform: uppercase;
CSS Ndú;fhka wl=rej, case (uppercase / lowercase) fjkia lsÍug Ndú;d lrk ksjerÈ fla;h
jkafka text-transform: uppercase; fõ

1) text-transform: uppercase;
This property is used to convert text to uppercase in CSS.
fuu .=Kdx.h CSS ys jdlH uppercase njg mßj¾;kh lsÍug Ndú;d lrhs'

2) text-decoration: uppercase;
The text-decoration property in CSS is typically used to add decorations such as underline,
overline, or line-through to text. Using "uppercase" with text-decoration doesn't change the case
of the text.
CSS ys we;s text-decoration .=Kdx.h idudkHfhka mdGhg underline, overline fyda line-through
jeks style tla lsÍug Ndú;d lrhs' text-decoration iuÕ uppercase Ndú;d lsÍfuka wl=re
uppercase fkdfõ'

3) text-case: uppercase;
There is no CSS property called "text-case." So, this option is not valid in CSS.
"text-case" kñka CSS m%ldYhla fkdue;' tneúka" fuh j,x.= fkdfõ'

4) text: uppercase;
This is not a valid CSS property or declaration. CSS properties typically follow a syntax like
"property: value;", but "text: uppercase;" doesn't conform to this structure.
fuh j,x.= CSS .=Kdx.hla fyda m%ldYhla fkdfõ' CSS .=Kdx. idudkHfhka "property: value;"
jeks wdlD;shla wkq.ukh lrhs" kuq;a "text: uppercase;" fuu wdlD;shg wkql+, fkdfõ'

5) case: uppercase;
Similarly, "case: uppercase;" is not a valid CSS property-value pair. There is no "case"
property in CSS used for changing text case.
"case: uppercase;" o j,x.= CSS property-value hq.,hla fkdfõ' uppercase i|yd fuho
Ndú; l, fkdyel'
RAVINDU BANDARANAYAKE -8- #ictfromabc

9. Consider the following statements about HTML tags. Correct statement(s) is/are,
HTML Wiq,k iïnkaOfhkajk my; j.ka;s i,lkak' ksjerÈ m%ldY^h& jkafka"

A. The <strong> tag makes the text bold.

<strong> Wiq,kh u.ska wl=re ;o lr fmkajhs'
B. The default background color of the HTML table is white.
HTML j.=jl iïu; miqìï j¾Kh jkafka iqÿ j¾Khhs'
C. The default value of the border attribute in the HTML table is 1.
HTML j.=jl border Wm,laIKfha iïu; w.h 1fõ'
1) A only. 2) A and B only. 3) B and C only. 4) A and C only. 5) All of the above.
A muKs. A yd B muKs. B yd C muKs. A yd C muKs. by; ish,a,u.

Answer: 1)
The <strong> tag makes the text bold.
<strong> Wiq,kh u.ska wl=re ;o lr fmkajhs'

The default background color of the HTML table is transparent.

HTML j.=jl iïu; miqìï j¾Kh úksúO fõ

The default value of the border attribute in the HTML table is 0.

HTML j.=jl border Wm,laIKfha iïu; w.h 0 fõ'