Chemical

Engineering

Chemical Technology

Comprehensive Theory
with Solved Examples and Practice Questions

Publications
 Publications

MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Corporate Office: 44-A/4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Metro Station), New Delhi-110016
E-mail: [email protected]
Contact: 011-45124612, 0-9958995830, 8860378007
Visit us at: www.madeeasypublications.org

Chemical Technology
© Copyright, by MADE EASY Publications Pvt. Ltd.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced
into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical,
photo-copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above
mentioned publisher of this book.

First Edition : 2022

© All rights reserved by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form without
the written permission from the publisher.
Contents
Chemical Technology

Chapter 1 3.5 Reactions.......................................................................................35

3.6 Important Characteristics of Oil and Fats..........................35

Inorganic Chemical Industries................. 1
3.7 Soaps and Detergents: Glycerin............................................35
1.1 Sulphur and Sulphuric Acid Industry.................................... 1
3.8 Function of Soaps and Detergents......................................36
1.2 Sulphuric Acid............................................................................... 4
3.9 Carbohydrates and Fermentation Industries...................38
1.3 Comparison of Vanadium and Platinum Catalyst............. 7
Student Assignments..................................................................50
1.4 Chlor-Alkali Industry................................................................... 7

1.5 Dual Process [Modified Solvay Process].............................10

Chapter 4
1.6 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Chlorine (Cl2).................11
Polymer Industries.................................53
Student Assignments..................................................................14
4.1 Polymers........................................................................................53

4.2 Monomers....................................................................................53
Chapter 2
4.3 Classification based on Physical &
Fertilizer Industry...................................19
Chemical Structure ...................................................................53
2.1 Primary Nutrients and Their Functions .............................19
4.4 Classification based on Preparation Methods.................58
2.2 Ammonia.......................................................................................20
4.5 Classification of Polymers based on
2.3 Nitric Acid (HNO3).......................................................................21
Their Applications......................................................................60
2.4 Urea.................................................................................................23
4.6 Polymer Manufacturing Processes......................................61
2.5 Phosphorous ...............................................................................25
4.7 Elastomers (Rubbers) ...............................................................67
2.6 Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)..........................................................26
4.8 Fibers..............................................................................................70
2.7 Calcium Phosphates..................................................................26
Student Assignments..................................................................75
Student Assignments..................................................................29
Chapter 5
Chapter 3
Petroleum Industries..............................78
Organic Industries..................................31
5.1 Crude Oil........................................................................................78
3.1 Chemical Structure....................................................................32
5.2 Refining Process.........................................................................78
3.2 Methods of Extracting of Oils and Fats..............................32
5.3 Crude Distillation Unit (CDU).................................................83
3.3 Extraction of Vegetable Oils...................................................33
5.4 Cracking.................................................................................................. 86
3.4 Hydrogenation of Oil ...............................................................33
5.5 Reforming.....................................................................................90

(iii)
5.6 Isomerisation ..............................................................................91 6.6 Production of Ethylene Oxide
5.7 Hydroprocessing........................................................................92 and Ethanolamines................................................................. 115
5.8 Alkylation......................................................................................96 6.7 Production of Isopropanol and Acetone........................ 117
5.9 Visbreaking and Coking...........................................................99 6.8 Production of Cumene.......................................................... 120
5.10 Gas Processing......................................................................... 102 6.9 Production of Acrylonitrite.................................................. 121
5.11 Olefin Polymerization............................................................ 103 6.10 Production of Butadiene...................................................... 122
Student Assignments............................................................... 104 6.11 Production of Benzene by

Hydrodealkylation Route..................................................... 123

Chapter 6 6.12 Production of Isoprene......................................................... 124

Petrochemical Industries.....................107 6.13 Oxoprocessing of Olefins..................................................... 126

6.1 Production of Methanol from Synthesis Gas................ 108 6.14 Production of Phenol............................................................. 128

6.2 Manufacture of Formaldehyde from Methanol........... 109 6.15 Production of Styrene........................................................... 133

6.3 Production of Chloromethanes......................................... 110 6.16 Production of Pthalic Anhydride....................................... 135

6.4 Steam Cracking for Petrochemicals.................................. 111 6.17 Production of Maleic Anhydride........................................ 136

6.5 Vinyl Chloride from Ethylene.............................................. 113 Student Assignments............................................................... 139

nnnn

(iv)