Workplace 4.

Never assign them tasks beyond In a workplace are a set of values,

their strengths. Do not employ them moral principles, and certain
It refers to the place of the work or in work not suited to their age or standards that need to be followed
to the place where work is done. sex. by all staff in the workplace.
Workplace is also called a work 5. Provide them with the
opportunities for promotions. An ethical guideline at work provides
environment. benefits to the employer, employee,
2 types of activities Duties of workers to employers co-workers, and the public.

1. Formal activities - regular duties 1. Work honestly and comply with all Importance of ethical behaviors
as an employee or as a contractor of agreements. In the workplace
a service. (preparing payroll) 2. Never injure capital or steal from
2. Non-formal activities- activities in the employer. •honest and ethical business
conformity to some customary and 3. Never outrage the person of the practices
tacitly observed practices and codes employer. •helps maintain business reputation.
of behavior. (pakikisama) 4. Never employ deceit with •helps avoid financial and legal
The workplace across nations and agitators or men evil principles. issues.
cultures Dispute and disagreement in the •helps with bringing beneficial value
workplace to the business, the employees, and
The transformation of the workplace the customers.
• the workplace has evolved into a Disagreements in the workplace are •practicing business ethics and
complex economic and social inevitable as both workers and ethical behaviors in a business
system. employers bring with them their •the workplace will begin to
• the transformation of man's differing, and oftentimes, conflicting prosper.
political, economic, and social life expectations, interest, values and •the workplace will notice a positive
has resulted in significant changes in attitudes to the workplace. change in employees and customers.
the nature of his work and how he Cause of disputes •influences positive employee-
performs it. employee relationship positive and
•wage and salary that are not fair employee- customer relationship.
Information change in the nature and commensurate to the difficulty
and required skills of workers, and of the job and the responsibilities Anger
the nature of the work they inherent to it. Is the strong emotion that you feel
perform. •poor working condition. when you think that someone has
•unreasonable personnel policy. behaved in an unfair, cruel, or
Gender brought more opportunities •lack of job security and stability of unacceptable way.
for women to participate in work. employment.
Safety and insurance the blessings •lack of opportunity for Stress
brought by the information age are advancement and self-improvement. Defined as the degree to which you
yet to be fully experienced in •in considerate supervisors or feel overwhelmed or unable
workplaces in developing countries. managers. To cope because of pressures that
are unmanageable.
Privacy advances in technology Forces shaping the future
allowed employers to directly There are two types of stressors:
monitor the performance of their Workplace Distress is a stress that has a
employees. •employee negative effect on you while
•manager eustress a stress that has a positive
Family it is inevitable that conflicts •work effect on you.
between work and family duties will The 5 trends are:
arise.
•globalization Stress management in the
The worker and the employer •mobility Workplace
•millennials
The employee is usually the person Tracking stress: the management
•new behaviors
who provides work for workers, standard approach
•technology
compensating them in exchange for
their labor or services. High levels of stress in the workplace
There are three main business ethics
A worker is usually referred to as a theories can lead to:
paid laborer, or broadly, any person 1. Poor decision making
1. Deontological theory actions are 2. An increase in mistakes which in
who does manual or industrial labor
good or bad according to a clear set turn may lead to more customer or
as a means of livelihood.
of rules. client complaints
Duties of workers and employers 2. Utilitarianism theory determines 3. Increase sickness and absence.
right from wrong by focusing on 4. High staff turnover.
Duties of the employers to their outcomes. 5. Poor employee/workplace
workers 3. Norm theory that the affective Relation.
1. Respect the human dignity of the response to an outcome is affected
workers by the magnitude of the difference Key areas of the workplace that
2. Appreciate their works between the expected outcome and should be monitored to assess levels
3. Never treat them as slaves for the actual outcome. of stress.
making money 1. Demands.
Ethical behavior 2. Control
3. Support Building a team environment in the 4. Create an open culture.
4. Relationships workplace 5. Schedule regular one-
5. Role 1. Choose your leader To-one and team meetings.
6. Change 2.find the right team size
3.pick your team members Good workplace communications
Not all stress is harmful 4.set roles skills:
Stress affects people differently, 5.determine how the team will fit • Active Listening
Some people seem to thrive on within the organization • Friendliness
Extremely stressful lifestyle, while 6. Established a collaborate • Confidence
Others struggle to cope with environment •Open-Mindedness
Everyday life. • Clarity and Concision
Building a team environment in the •Respect
Panic attacks this is a brief but workplace •Empathy
extremely frightening spell of severe Setting clear goals to improve • Non-verbal Communication
anxiety. teamwork •Feedback
•Picking the right medium.
Symptoms of panic attack: •simply fall apart with the slightest
1. Feeling faint nudge. 1. WHAT IS PRESENTATION
2. Trembling •set up a results-oriented structure An audience receives information
3. Dizziness that encourages the from a speaker through a
4. Pounding, fast heart rate Team to achieve its goals. presentation. The Typical purpose of
5. Feeling hot and sweaty •accountability is important in a a presentation is to inform,
6. Legs turning to jelly team goal setting. Members persuade, inspire, motivate, build
7. Butterflies (a fluttery feeling in the Need to understand that each of Goodwill, or present a new idea or
stomach them will be personally product.
8. Shortness of breath Responsible if the team succeeds.
9. Dry mouth In the workplace 2. HOW TO PREPARE THE
•communication and workplace PRESENTATION
Ten reasons why to use stress teamwork-no team Knowing your audience is the first
Management in the workplace Can exist in a vacuum. In order to and most crucial rule of presenting
1. Improves your ability to motivate work effectively, your Work. Throughout the
Employees. Team members need to Preparation of your presentation,
2. Lessen opportunity for decrease in communicate effectively with keep the audience in mind.
Productivity. Each other, and with the company’s
3. Improves your ability to lead. management. 3. WRITING YOUR PRESENTATION
4. Allows the meeting of deadlines. •improve teamwork in the The Phrase “say what you’re going
5. Decrease chances of unethical workplace –once you have to say, say it, then say what you’ve
issues. Your team in place, here are a few said” is
6. Reduces possibilities of workplace general tips to make sure, the Sometimes used to summarize this.
Conflicts. collaborative process runs smoothly.
7. Strengthens communication 4. MANAGING YOUR PRESENTATION
process. Effective communication NOTES
8. Smooth running projects You’ll realize when you start giving
9. Improves your ability to develop Communication presentations that you also need to
Teamwork and team building. figure Out how to handle your text.
10. Helps in the writing performance It is a latin word "communis," which
Appraisal. means "something shared," is where 5. WORKING WITH VISUAL AIDS To
the word communication comes present
Importance of time from. Data, use graphs and charts. Use
Management visual aids to emphasize your
•it can allow you to deliver work on Different categories of arguments so That the audience can
time communication focus on you rather than having to
•better performance 1. Verbal communication read and listen at the same time.
•high work quality 2. Non-verbal communication
•less stress and anxiety 3. Written communication 6. HOW YOU PRESENT YOUR DATA
• better work and life balance 4. Listening Running text, framed boxes, lists,
•help your team grow 5. Visual communication tables, and figures are just a few of
• improve efficiency and productivity the Several ways that data can be
•less procrastination Oral communication is replaced by: presented.
In oral communication sometimes it
Time management includes: is replaced with things like tone, 7. MANAGING THE EVENT
•effective planning form, and hand gestures. Events like festivals, conferences,
• setting goals and objectives ceremonies, marriages, formal
•delegation of responsibilities Importance of communication skills parties, Concerts, or conventions can
•prioritizing tasks in the workplace. be created and developed on a
•spending the right time on right 1. Work on individual small-scale or Large-scale using the
activity communication skills. project management methodology.
2. Understand which method to use.
3. Make meetings efficient.
8. COPING WITH PRESENTATION Are generally much less expensive to 6. Video
NERVES use, but they have less available Refers to the transmission of
Despite having given hundreds of bandwidth. information via live video
presentations, many seasoned streaming or through video sharing.
instructors, Lecturers, and other BANDWIDTH
presenters get anxious before they bandwidth is the maximum rate of SELECTING AND ORIENTING OFFICE
start. data transfer across a given path. EMPLOYEES

9. DEALING WITH QUESTION DEDICATED LINES SOURCES OF POTENTIAL OFFICE

if there is a huge crowd, pay close A dedicated line is a type of always- EMPLOYEES
attention to the question and repeat on connection that is established
it to make sure everyone has heard between two communications INTERNAL SOURCES
it. devices Best employees can be found within
the organization
10. SELF PRESENTATION IN ISDN LINES
PRESENTATIONS/HOW YOU Integrated services digital network is EXTERNAL SOURCES
PRESENT YOURSELF a set of communication standards All organizations have to use
Inform your viewers of your identity. for simultaneous digital transmission external sources for recruitment to
Once your audience is aware of your of voice, video, data, and other higher positions when existing
name, introduce yourself and then network services over the digitalized employees are not suitable.
explain why they should pay circuits of the public switched
attention to you. telephone network. UNSOLICITED APPLICATION
Those that apply for a job without
Telecommunication Effectively Electronic the employer's advertisement or
The medium of signal transmission Communication request are considered unsolicited
can be via electrical wire or cable applicants.
also known as copper optical fiber, Electronic communication has
electromagnetic fields, or light. changed the way businesses OUTSOURCING
communicate with each other. is a business practice in which a
Types of Telecommunications Electronic communication company hires a third-party to
•Corporate and Academic wide area can be very beneficial if used perform tasks, handle operations or
Networks (WAN’s). effectively. provide services for the company.
•Telephone Networks.
• Cellular Networks. Types of Electronic A HIRING POOL
•Police and fire communications Communication. It is also sometimes known as an
systems. applicant pool. It's formed of anyone
•Taxi Dispatch networks. 1. Email is a computer-based who has applied, including
•Groups of amateur (ham) radio application for the exchange of underqualified candidates to the
operators; and messages between users. most experienced candidates who
•Broadcast networks. will likely get an interview.
2. Instant messaging live chat Refers
Effective Office Communication to the real-time or instantaneous EMPLOYMENT SCREENING is the
Explanation transmission of messages via the process of assessing how suitable a
It is a bridge that connects the internet or an internal network or candidate is for the job.
employees and management of an server.
organization. THESE ARE THE 4 IMPORTANT
3. Website and blogs DETAILS THAT YOU MUST HAVE IN
1. Share important news and Websites are typically static and YOUR RESUME
Developments. aren't updated very
2.Have 1:1 meeting frequently. Sometimes blogs are also 1. Work Experience
3. Solicit feedback from your part of a bigger 2. Education
employees website.
4. Use collaboration software 3. Skills, Knowledge, and
5. Keep your office door open 4. SMS/text messaging Competencies
6. Create an honest and open This means things will continue to 4. Personality and Values
culture look up for companies
taking advantage of the power of THE INTERVIEW
Office Communication Over a short message service
Telephone (SMS) and text messaging for An interview is a meeting in which
customer communications. you answer questions that highlight
The telephone network is an integral your skills and qualifications for a
part of computer communications. 5. Phone and voicemail job. Interviews are often held with
Data, instructions, and information Voicemail systems have come a long one interviewer and an interviewee,
are transmitted over the telephone way too. Modern but you may meet with multiple
network using dial-up lines or voicemail services take messages interviewers at once.
dedicated lines. and send them as text
(voicemail to text) or email TYPES OF INTERVIEWS:
DIAL-UP LINES (voicemail to email). •Job interview
•Student interview
 Supervisory objectives include methods used in performance
What is clearly communicating the appraisal
Supervision is the act or process of work priorities, deadlines, and methods
directing a person or group of parameters for each assignment. A common approach to assess
people. Supervision is a Latin word. The supervisor should listen to ideas performance is to use a numerical or
Super means 'from the above' and and feedback from team members scalar rating system whereby
vision means to see. and be prepared to adjust then managers are asked to score an
strategy if necessary. individual against several objectives
THE ROLE OF attributes.
SUPERVISION SUPERVISOR AS EVALUATOR The most popular methods used in
1. Educator The role of supervisors as the performance appraisal process
2. Sponsor evaluators include evaluating the include the following:
3. Coach performance of the employees and •behavioral observation scale
4. Counselor organization. •behaviorally anchored rating scales
5. Director •management by objectives
SUPERVISOR AS HUMAN •360-appraisal
FUNCTION OF SUPERVISOR Supervisor's role in human
1. Management resource management is that of Trait-based system, which rely on
2. Development setting the strategic course for factors such as integrity and
3. Support the department to improve conscientiousness are also
4. Mediation employee and company's commonly used by business.
performance.
Supervisor as Supervisor as 1.Because trait-based systems are
Communicator SUPERVISOR AS PRODUCER based on personality traits, they
A supervisor is a critical link between As a supervisor you must give make it difficult for manager to
management and the workforce the needs of your employees and provide feedback.
and, as such, must be a highly understand employee complaints 2. Trait-based systems, because they
effective communicator. and to work with them to reach a are vague, are more easily
solution. influenced by office politics, causing
Supervisor as TRAINER them to be less reliable as a source
Training supervisors are responsible SUPERVISOR AS ADVISER of information on an employee's
for the coordination of training and A supervisor is "a person who is in true performance.
development within a company. charge of a group of people or an
area of work and who makes sure Characteristics of Performance
Supervisor as STUDENT that the work is done correctly and Appraisal Systems
A supervisor's primary responsibility according to the rules." An adviser is A performance appraisal is a means
is as providing student employees "Someone whose job is to give of systematically evaluating a person
with adequate guidance, training, advice about something, for and across established performance
and support. example, to a company or dimensions.
government."
Student Worker SUPERVISOR 4 Characteristics of performance
RESPONSIBILITIES TRAINING appraisal
The role of the supervisor is vital to "Training means the process 1. Appraisals Match the Job
the success of any student worker of increasing the knowledge Description
program, and to be effective the and skills of an employee for 2. Appraisals are Legally Compliant
supervisor must perform a wide doing a particular job." 3. Appraisers Should be Trained
range of activities 4. Appraisal Systems Require
PERFORMANCE Follow-up
Supervisor as Student worker APPRAISAL OF OFFICE EMPLOYEES
1. Submit Performance appraisal BASICS OF CONDUCTING EMPLOYEE
2. Inform A part of guiding and managing PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS
3. Assist career development. it is the process With the help of the performance
4. Provide of obtaining, analyzing, and review, the supervisor inside the
5. Keep recording information about relative company were able to backtrack the
6. Safe worth of an employee to the performance of his employee and
7. Treat organization. honestly review her relationship
8. Evaluate with their subordinates, allowing
9. Work aims of performance appraisal them to feel better about
10. Supervisor as adviser •feedback system themselves and assured to them the
11. Verify •Pay rise clear understanding of what they
•promotions should be expecting from the
GOAL SETTER ROLES •trainings and development company.
1. Leadership program
2. Communication •improves supervision BASICS OF CONDUCTING EMPLOYEE
3. Employee relation •Career planning PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
4. Policy and Procedures. •Productive work environment
•Improves communication •design a legally valid performance
WHAT IS SUPERVISOR AS GOAL review process
SETTER?
•design a standard form for • To make employees more • Senior staff or employees which
performance appraisals comfortable and increase have been with the company longer
•schedule the first performance productivity.” than most will most likely feel as if
review for six months after the they can be entitled to a private
employee starts employment Know the Costing of Office Space office. This can cause problems
•Initiation of the performance • It is important that you know among the employees, which can
review process and upcoming exactly what want in a lease before damage productivity and employee
meeting document your input you begin looking for office space or relationship.
reference the job description and initiate you want or don't the
performance goals. have the negotiating process. New Demands in an Office
employee suggest any updates to • The more that you require, the less Environment
the job description and provide negotiating room you will have. On The changing need for office
written input to the appraisal the other hand, make sure you, or property is being influenced heavily
•Hold the performance appraisal the realtor, find out important by the universal adoption of
meeting information like the occupancy ratio information and communication
•Nothing should be surprising to the over the last year. technology.
employee during the appraisal • Leasing space for your company • Cabling
meeting. affects profit, employee satisfaction • Furniture
•Update and finalize the and ability to grow. Plan, know what • Noise
performance appraisal form you're looking for, and be ready to • Breaks
shop aggressively. • Eyesight
MANAGEMENT OF THE OFFICE • You need to determine what type MODERN OFFICE MACHINE AND
ENVIRONMENT of office layout suits your business EQUIPMENT
OFFICE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH best; open space, private office or a Mechanization?
The office can be a healthy and combination of both. The action of putting machines into
comfortable place to work in if a sector of the economy or other
the correct combination of these AN OPEN OFFICE activity to replace human labor.
element is maintained. CONCEPT
•Temperature When choosing how to plan the Advantages and Disadvantages of
•Humidity office, you are faced with the Mechanization in the office
•Ventilation decision of an open plan or separate 1. Quality of work
•Contaminated air offices. Decision should be based on 2. High efficiency
•Smoking knowing the advantages and 3. Accuracy
•Ozone and disadvantages of both. 1. Heavy investment
•photocopiers 2. No power no work
•Office floor space ADVANTAGES 3. Breakdown of machined
•Welfare facilities • Open plan office is more
•Cleanliness economical. Advantages Disadvantages
• Communication is easier between Factors in selecting
ERGONOMICS workstations and departments. machine
The science that seeks to adapt There is no time wasted between 1. Cost
work or working conditions to suit offices because everyone is in the 2. Durability
the worker; the study of the same area. 3. Compact
problem of people adjusting to their • Managers and Senior Managers 4. Moveability
environment. are in constant contact with the 5. Safety
staff. 6. Multiple uses
Appreciate the Importance of • Expenditures are economical when 7. Design and Standardization
Ergonomics it comes to money that put out of air 8. Comfort
conditioning and electricity. MAIL ROOM EQUIPMENT
“Why is Ergonomics important? • If the layout of the office needs to Is the Machines and supplies used
• In the workplace, when the body is be changed, it can be done quickly for sending and receiving large
stressed by an awkward posture, and with minimum effort. quantities of mail for businesses and
extreme temperature, or repeated companies.
movement, the musculoskeletal DISADVANTAGES
system can be affected. Hence • Open spaces office is noisier and COMMUNICATION
ergonomics plays major role in can be more chaotic than closed SYSTEM
reducing work-related injuries or plan offices. A communications system or
illness like computer vision • People passing to and for can also communication system
syndrome, neck and back pain, cause distraction of employees. is a collection of individual
carpal tunnel syndrome, etc. • In an office space, security is telecommunications networks,
• To create safe, comfortable, and reduced. transmission systems, relay stations,
productive workspaces by bringing • Privacy is difficult to obtain with an tributary stations, and terminal
human abilities open office plan. equipment usually capable of
and limitations into the design of a • Sickness and infections can be interconnection and interoperation
workspace, which includes the more spread. to form an integrated whole.
individual’s body size, strength, skill, • Lightning, heating, and air
speed, sensory abilities, and conditioning to suit of all the EXAMPLE OF MACHINE AND
attitudes. employees tastes can be difficult to EQUIPMENTS
achieve. • Frank Machine
• Addressing Machine
• Teleprinter
• Electronic Mail
• Fax
• Internal and external use of
telephone
•Direct link
•Intercom
•Subscribers’ trunk
dialling call
•Demand calls
•Trunk calls