Question Answer

What is a construction estimate? A document detailing the direct, indirect, labor, and material costs associated with a construction
project.

Who uses construction estimates during the Project owners, construction estimators, and contractors.
construction bidding process?

What are labor costs in construction? The costs associated with the human resources needed for the construction project.

What do material costs refer to in The costs of raw materials needed to build structures.
construction?

What does profit margin specify in The profit margin percentage for the contractor who will execute the construction work, covering
construction? labor costs, material costs, direct costs, indirect costs, and overhead costs.

What is the role of construction estimators? Specializing in calculating costs for construction projects based on the analysis of architectural
design documents and construction estimating software.

How do preliminary estimates differ from Preliminary estimates provide a general overview of the total project cost, while detailed estimates
detailed estimates? use information from construction design documents to estimate the costs of raw materials,
equipment, and labor.

What is the purpose of quantity estimates in Quantity estimates rely on material takeoffs to measure materials into units, which are then
construction? assigned a unit price.

What is a work breakdown structure used for? To split up the work into small tasks that can be priced accurately.

What is a bid estimate in construction? The final version of a cost estimate sent by general contractors to project owners during the
construction bidding process, including indirect, direct, and overhead costs, as well as the profit
margin for the general contractor.

What is the first step in the basic construction Enter general information about the construction project, including company name, project name,
estimate procedure? client, location, architect, date of the document, and project manager on the site.

What are the three main stages of any Preconstruction, construction, and post-construction.
construction project in the basic construction
estimate procedure?

What does the template for construction General activities, responsible vendor or subcontractor, labor and material costs, line item total, and
estimate include for each main stage of the a cell for adding any necessary notes.
project?

What does each section in the template for Additional costs.

What does the construction estimate format All your expenses.

What is Value Engineering? A technique used to assess project progress by comparing the planned amount and cost of work
with the actual amount and cost.

What is the purpose of Value Engineering? To create alternative means for accomplishing functions by providing better answers, improving
quality and reliability, and reducing costs.

What is the history of Value Engineering? It originated during the 2nd World War due to material shortages, and Lawrence Miles developed the
systematic process known as 'Value Analysis'.

Who developed the systematic process known Lawrence Miles, along with Jerry Leftow and Harry Erliche in G.E.
as 'Value Analysis'?

What is the basic purpose of Value Analysis? To find acceptable substitutes that often reduce costs, improve the product, or both.

What is the Value Analysis Functional It is a systematic process that creates alternative means for reliability in accomplishing functions.
Approach?

What did Lawrence Miles write in 1961? The definitive book of VE entitled ‘Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering’.

What are the basic steps of Value 1. Identify the function. 2. What does the object do? 3. What must it do?
Engineering?

What are primary functions in a project? They represent the reason for the project’s existence.

What are secondary functions in a project? They are the functions that the project serves without being core to the project.

How is the function evaluated in value By comparing if the function is accomplished reliably at the best cost.
engineering?
Question Answer

What is the purpose of the Orientation phase Understanding the project’s purpose, obtaining project data, and familiarizing with schedule, costs,
in value engineering? budget, risk, and other non-monetary issues.

What is done in the Information phase of value Determining the functions of the project and gathering all pertinent information.
engineering?

What is the purpose of the Speculation phase Generating and applying various techniques to generate every possible solution.
in value engineering?

What is the goal of the Analysis phase in value Developing the ideas, determining their potential costs, and choosing the best ideas to implement
engineering? into the project.

What is the objective of the Program Planning Breaking the project down into a progression of functional areas, selecting the best specialists and
phase in value engineering? vendors for consultation, and establishing a program of investigation.

What is the purpose of the Program Execution Executing the project with the selected idea/solution.
phase in value engineering?

What are the phases of modernized value 1. Preparation, 2. Information, 3. Analysis, 4. Creation, 5. Evaluation, 6. Development, 7.
engineering? Presentation, 8. Follow-up.

How does value engineering reduce costs? By eliminating wasteful practices.

What is the concept of material substitutions in Every component of the product functions perfectly until the product is no longer useful, at which
value engineering? time all components will deteriorate.

How does process efficiency and producibility It reduces unnecessary parts, precision, and production operations, thus lowering costs and
contribute to value engineering? increasing manufacturability, reliability, and profits.

What is the concept of modularity in value Subassemblies are designed and developed once and reused in many slightly different products to
engineering? reduce engineering and design costs.

How does market-driven product It ensures that a product has features that customers want, avoiding inefficiency and unnecessary
improvements contribute to value costs.
engineering?

What is the purpose of value engineering? To increase the value of products by satisfying performance requirements at the lowest possible
cost.

What is one way value engineering can create By making a product or process more energy efficient for the user.
value?

What is the aim of value engineering? To identify and eliminate unwanted costs while improving function and quality.

What are construction methods? The techniques construction professionals use to build structures and complete projects.

Why are construction methods important for To design structures, plan projects, create safe working environments, and understand when
construction professionals, engineers, and interviewing for positions related to the construction field.
architects?

How are construction method types often By the structure, primary purpose, and materials of the building's foundation and framing.
classified?

What is flat slab construction? One of the most efficient and common construction methods using heavy-duty columns attached to
the middle of a slab of concrete to reinforce floors from below.

What is the precast flat panel system in A method that involves using precast flat panels for construction.
construction?

What is the flat panel system for building Creating the floor and walls of the structure off-site and then transporting and assembling them
construction? on-site.

What type of buildings is the flat panel system Buildings with a repeated design, such as stores in a strip mall or office buildings.
useful for?

What are precast cladding panels used for? For both aesthetic and load-bearing purposes, and as an inexpensive way to replicate the design of
any building.

What is the process of creating concrete walls Pouring and curing concrete walls and floors, also known as cement floors.
and floors on the construction site called?

What advantages do concrete walls and floors Low production cost and minimal maintenance for the building owner.
offer?
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What is the 3D volumetric construction Manufacturing 3D modules off-site and then piecing them together on the construction site to rapidly
method? construct a building.

What is the twin wall technology in A system with two parallel walls reinforced by filling the gap between them with concrete, providing
construction? structural integrity and waterproof conditions.

When is precast concrete foundation used? When a project requires rapid installation of the foundation for a structure, especially in areas of
extreme weather or contaminated grounds.

What type of lumber is used in timber framing High-quality and heavy-duty lumber.
methods?

How do professionals connect long beams of Together to make a building frame.

What type of buildings are recommended for Buildings that need extensive structural support, such as skyscrapers.
heavy steel framing construction method?

What materials are used in light framing Dimensional lumber or light-frame steel.
methods?

How do professionals connect each framing With nails or by welding the pieces together.
aspect in light framing methods?

What materials are used in masonry Stone-based materials, individual bricks or stones, and mortar.
construction methods?

What is the purpose of using masonry For aesthetic and reinforcement purposes.
construction methods?

What is formwork used for in construction? To create foundations and structural frames using concrete materials.

What are the types of formwork used in Timber, engineered, reusable plastic, flexible, and permanent insulated.
construction?

What is the purpose of using raft foundations To support a building by shifting its weight to the ground below it, especially on soft soil or areas with
in construction? frequent rainfall.

What is the primary use of load-bearing Building walls to provide stability to the structure, commonly used in small residential buildings.
masonry construction methods?

What type of structures are built using tunnel Structures that utilize several units within the interior of the building, such as hotels, apartment
formworks? buildings, and office spaces.

What is tunnel formwork? A construction method that uses reinforced concrete to ensure quality and speed on site.

What are the benefits of hybrid concrete Lower costs, quicker construction, sustainable buildings, and safe construction processes.
construction methods?

Where are hybrid concrete construction In commercial structures such as parking garages, banks, and office buildings.
methods often used?

What is insulating concrete? A construction method used in collaboration with formwork and twin wall technology to provide
stable structure and sound/thermal insulation.

What is the purpose of thin joint masonry To apply mortar between masonry materials and scrape a portion off for aesthetic and cost-effective
techniques? purposes.

What does a tile setter do? Covers walls, floors, ceilings, and stairs with various tile materials, and applies setting materials like
grout.

What does a drywall finisher do? Measures, cuts, sets drywall panels, creates simple or ornamental surfaces, applies finish material,
and restores or maintains plaster or putty.

What is the role of a quantity surveyor? Responsible for setting and managing budgets for construction projects, preparing estimates, and
negotiating contracts.

What are some administrative tasks related to Detailing and recording project costs, reconciling project versus company finances.
project costs?

What does a roofer specialize in? Roof construction, including replacement, repair, and installation on various types of architecture.
Question Answer

What roofing styles are roofers knowledgeable Gabled, flat, gambrel, or hip roofs.
about?

What is the role of an elevator technician? To install, assemble, replace, or maintain large equipment like elevators, escalators, and chairlifts.

What type of plumber is a sprinkler fitter? A plumber who installs, modifies, inspects, tests, and repairs sprinkler systems.

What materials do sprinkler fitters work with Tubes, pipes, and fittings, using soldering and welding techniques.
when installing or repairing sprinkler systems?

What is the role of a millwright? To handle the installation, maintenance, and setup of industrial machinery and equipment used on
construction sites.

What type of work does a cabinetmaker do? They read architectural blueprints and build woodwork, cabinetry, furniture, and ornamental design
elements for a project.

What type of installations does a glazier work Glass installations including windows, mirrors, skylights, storefronts, and display cases.
with?

What is the role of a solar installer? To assemble and maintain systems that turn sunlight into energy, sometimes called a photovoltaic
(PV) installer.

What is the role of a Sheet Metal Mechanic in Fabricating and installing thin metal sheets for various construction applications.
construction?

What are the tasks performed by a Civil Designing, overseeing, researching potential project locations, using software to design structures,
Engineer in public construction projects? presenting ideas, submitting permits, managing the project, and preparing estimates.

What is the focus of a Structural Engineer in Developing structures that withstand pressure, evaluating existing structures or plans, preparing
construction? cost estimates, submitting permits, supervising construction, and advising on safe demolition when
necessary.

What are the responsibilities of an Architect in Drawing plans and designing buildings for new construction, redevelopment, or renovation, creating
construction? safe, functional, and unique designs for various projects.