IMO – GHG minimization time-line
EEDI
IMO GHG Study 2009
● In 2007, the CO2 emissions from shipping were
847 Mt i.e 2.7% of global GHG emissions
● This is projected to increase to 6% of total
global emissions in 2020
● Improved ship design can reduce the emissions
by about 10 – 50%
● Improved operational arrangements could
reduce further 10 – 50%
Emission performance –
Transportation
IMO Measures to reduce GHG
emission from shipping
● EEDI – Energy Efficiency Design Index
(Mandatory) – From 1st January 2013 – New
ships
● EEOI – Energy Efficiency Operational Index
(Voluntary) – Usually part of SEEMP
● SEEMP – Ship Energy Efficiency Management
Plan (Mandatory) - 1st January 2013 – All ships
greater than 400GT
SEEMP
● SEEMP is an operational measure that establishes
a mechanism to improve the energy efficiency of a
ship in a cost-effective manner
● SEEMP must be prepared for each ship
● It is an operational tool for energy optimization and
an opportunity for the operator to cut fuel costs by
increasing energy efficiency of the ship
● SEEMP guides owners and operators to plan and
consider new technologies and practices
SEEMP
● Implemented properly should significantly reduce fuel
consumption
● SEEMP is a part of MARPOL Annex VI regulation and requires
the International Energy Efficiency Certificate – (IEEC)
● IMO does not give a mechanism to force or incentivise ship
operators to implement the measures listed in their SEEMPs.
● Monitoring and enforcements is limited to simply verifying that
SEEMP exists onboard, as a part of the offician ship's
document
● SEEMP may be required by a PSC
SEEMP
● Each ship specific plan should be monitored,
updated and improved upon frequently
throughout the life of the vessel
SEEMP
● EEOI enables operators to measure the fuel efficiency of
a ship in operation and to gauge the effect of any
changes in operation
● Examples are – voyage planning, propeller or hull
cleaning, waste heat recovery systems or efficiency
enhancing modifications – new propeller
● SEEMP should be prepared for each ship (ship specific)
● ISO standards such as 50001 (Energy Management
Systems) or 14001 (Environmental Management
Systems) can be of of help in SEEMP implementation
SEEMP
SEEMP
SEEMP
● Planning
– Ship – specific measures – speed optimization, weather routeing, hull cleaning,
machinery operation
– Company – specific measures – Just in time, communication with all stake holders
etc.,
– Human resource development
– Goal setting – Voluntary means for a owner to provide incentive for energy reduction
both at ship level and also at company level. This is not subject to inspection
● Implementation - a system of how each energy improvement measure is to be
implemented needs to be developed. The development of the system can be
considered under the planning stage and should set out the tasks required to achieve
each measure along with who is assigned to them. The implementation itself needs to
be in accordance with the implementation system and should involve a system of
recordkeeping.
SEEMP
● Monitoring
● Self – evaluation and improvement
EEOI
● The Marine Environment Protection Committee in 2009 agreed
to circulate the Guidelines for voluntary use of the Ship Energy
Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI)
● IMO policies and practices related to the reduction of greenhouse
gas emissions from ships urged the Marine Environment
Protection Committee (MEPC) to identify and develop the
mechanism or mechanisms needed to achieve the limitation or
reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from
international shipping and, in doing so, to give priority to the
establishment of a GHG baseline; and the development of a
methodology to describe the GHG efficiency of a ship in terms of
GHG emission indicator for that ship.
EEOI
● MEPC 53 approved Interim Guidelines for Voluntary Ship CO2
Emission Index for Use in Trials.
● These Guidelines can be used to establish a consistent
approach for voluntary use of an EEOI, which will assist
shipowners, ship operators and parties concerned in the
evaluation of the performance of their fleet with regard to CO2
emissions. As the amount of CO2 emitted from a ship is directly
related to the consumption of bunker fuel oil, the EEOI can also
provide useful information on a ship’s performance with regard to
fuel efficiency.
EEOI
Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) for ships.
● Provide the users with assistance in the process of establishing a
mechanism to achieve the limitation or reduction of greenhouse
gas emissions from ships in operation
● Present the concept of an indicator for the energy efficiency of a
ship in operation, as an expression of efficiency expressed in the
form of CO2 emitted per unit of transport work
● These Guidelines are recommendatory in nature and present a
possible use of an operational indicator
EEOI
In its most simple form the Energy Efficiency Operational
Indicator is defined as the ratio of mass of CO2 (M) emitted per
unit of transport work:
● Indicator = Mass of CO2 /(transport work)
EEOI
Cargo Mass Carried or Work Done :
● for dry cargo carriers, liquid tankers, gas tankers, ro-ro cargo
ships and general cargo ships, metric tonnes (t) of the cargo
carried should be used
● for containerships carrying solely containers, number of
containers (TEU) or metric tons (t) of the total mass of cargo and
containers should be used
● for ships carrying a combination of containers and other cargoes,
a TEU mass of 10 t could be applied for loaded TEUs and 2 t for
empty TEUs
● for passenger ships, including ro-ro passenger ships, number of
passengers or gross tonnes of the ship should be used
● for car ferries and car carriers, number of car units or occupied
lane metres
EEOI
● The EEOI should be a representative value of the energy
efficiency of the ship operation over a consistent period which
represents the overall trading pattern of the vessel.
● In order to establish EEOI the following steps are followed:
● Define the period for which the EEOI is calculated
● Define data sources for data collection
● Collect data
● Convert data to appropriate format
● Calculate EEOI
EEOI
Primary data sources selected could be the ship’s log-book
(bridge log-book, engine log-book, deck log-book and other
official records)
EEOI – abbreviationas
● j is the fuel type
● i is the voyage number
● FCij is the mass of the fuel j at voyage i
● CFj is the fuel mass to CO2 conversion factor for
fuel j
● D is the distance in nautical miles corresponding
to the cargo carried or work done
EEOI
