Technical

Seminar
JNN College of Engineering
Batch 21 Sawalanga Road, Navule, Shivamogga -277204
(Accredited by NBA, NAAC ’A’ and Certified by UGC 2f and 12B)
Title

Abstract

Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

manuscript Technical Seminar on
Evolution of “6G Wireless Communications Network:A
cellular
Networks from
Comprehensive Survey”
1G to 6G Presented by
6G vision Ananya N G 4JN20EC006
Maximizing Under the guidance of
the Data
Rate/Spectral Mrs.Nalina S B
Efficiency
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE
Terahertz JNN College of Engineering, Shimoga
Communica-
tion
 Contents:

Technical 1 Abstract
Seminar

Batch 21
2 Introduction
3 Literature survey
Title
4 Gist of the manuscript
Abstract

Introduction
5 Evolution of cellular Networks from 1G to 6G

Literature 6 6G vision
survey
7 Maximizing the Data Rate/Spectral Efficiency
Gist of the
manuscript 8 Terahertz Communication
Evolution of 9 Optical wireless Communication
cellular
Networks from 10 Increasing Connectivity and full coverage
1G to 6G

6G vision
11 Internet of Smart Things Application

Maximizing 12 Maintaining and security,secrecy,and privacy

the Data
Rate/Spectral 13 Realizing Intelligence
Efficiency
14 Summary
Terahertz
Communica- 15 References
tion
 Abstract:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21
The commercial fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications networks
Title
have already been deployed with the aim of providing high data rates.
Abstract
However, the rapid growth in the number of smart devices and the
Introduction emergence of the Internet of Everything (IoE) applications, which require
Literature an ultra-reliable and low-latency communication, will result in a substantial
survey burden on the 5G wireless networks.
Gist of the As such, the data rate that could be supplied by 5G networks will unlikely
manuscript sustain the enormous ongoing data traffic explosion. This has motivated
Evolution of research into continuing to advance the existing wireless networks toward
cellular the future generation of cellular systems, known as sixth generation (6G).
Networks from
1G to 6G Therefore, it is essential to provide a prospective vision of the 6G and the
6G vision
key enabling technologies for realizing future networks. To this end, this
paper presents a comprehensive review/survey of the future evolution of 6G
Maximizing networks.
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Abstract:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract
Specifically, the objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive
Introduction
review/survey about the key enabling technologies for 6G networks, which
Literature include a discussion about the main operation principles of each technology,
survey envisioned potential applications, current state-of-the-art research, and the
Gist of the related technical challenges.
manuscript
Overall, this paper provides useful information for industries and academic
Evolution of researchers and discusses the potentials for opening up new research
cellular
Networks from directions.
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Introduction:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21
The global mobile data traffic has increased considerably during the last
Title
few years. Assessment of recent statistics collected by International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) indicate that global mobile data traffic is
Abstract expected to grow to 607 Exabytes (EBs) per month by 2025 and 5016 EB
Introduction by 2030.
Literature The amount of data traffic per subscriber is expected to be around 39 EBs
survey by 2025 and about 257 EBs by 2030. Furthermore, almost 70 percentage of
Gist of the the population is expected to subscribe to mobile services by 2025. Besides
manuscript this, 60 percentage out of this 70 percentage are estimated to use mobile
Evolution of Internet.
cellular
Networks from
The huge data traffic demands have been accompanied by increasing
1G to 6G requirements for heterogeneous services, full coverage, ultra high-speed
wireless communications with ultra high reliability and ultra low-latency.
6G vision
The main drivers of the dramatic growth in data traffic are personal
Maximizing computers (PCs), laptops, tablets, smartphones, sensors and Internet of
the Data
Rate/Spectral Everything (IoE) devices/applications.
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Introduction:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract These devices are typically consuming data capacity (mainly video) rather
than voice traffic. In addition to this, the number of Internet users, mobile
Introduction
subscribers, machine-to-machine (M2M) connections and connected devices
Literature worldwide are also expected to considerably increase in the next few years.
survey
However, 6G wireless communications networks will require advanced
Gist of the
manuscript
physical layer solutions, new advanced modulation schemes, advanced multi
access techniques, energy harvesting, edge computing, new spectral bands,
Evolution of
cellular
integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communications, cell-free
Networks from massive MIMO, blockchain and quantum technologies and adoption of
1G to 6G artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques
6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Literature survey:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21 [1] Alsabah, M., Naser, M.A., Mahmmod, B.M., Abdulhussain, S.H., Eissa, M.R.,
Al-Baidhani, A., Noordin, N.K., Sait, S.M., Al-Utaibi, K.A. and Hashim, F., 2021.
Title 6G wireless communications networks: A comprehensive survey. Ieee Access, 9,
Abstract pp.148191-148243.
Introduction This paper presented a comprehensive review of evolution toward the future
Literature 6G wireless communications networks. To this end, the key performance
survey indicators of 6G networks have been identified.
Gist of the The essential technologies that can achieve the key performance indicators
manuscript of 6G networks have been described in detail.
Evolution of In particular, the key idea and operation principle of each technology has
cellular
Networks from been presented.
1G to 6G
This paper also elaborated several research challenges that remain open
6G vision and identified new research directions that worth investigating in the future.
Maximizing This paper also delivered important insights and recommendations related
the Data to the practical implementation of the technologies considered.
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency This paper provided a clear vision of what should 6G wireless
communications networks be, which is essential for both industries and
Terahertz
Communica- academic researchers.
tion
 Literature survey:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21
[2] Chowdhury, M.Z., Shahjalal, M., Ahmed, S. and Jang, Y.M., 2020. 6G
Title wireless communication systems: Applications, requirements, technologies,
challenges, and research directions. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications
Abstract
Society, 1, pp.957-975.
Introduction
Each generation of communication system brings new and exciting features.
Literature
survey
The 5G communication system, which will be officially launched worldwide
in 2020, has impressive features.
Gist of the
manuscript However, 5G will not be able to support the growing demand for wireless
communication in 2030 entirely. Therefore, 6G needs to be rolled out.
Evolution of
cellular Research on 6G is still in its infancy and the study phase. This paper
Networks from
1G to 6G
envisions the prospects and ways to reach the goal of 6G communication.
In this paper, we presented the possible applications and the technologies
6G vision to be deployed for 6G communication.
Maximizing We also described the possible challenges and research directions to reach
the Data
Rate/Spectral the goals for 6G. Besides clarifying the vision and goal of 6G
Efficiency communications, we have stated the various technologies that can be used
Terahertz for 6G communication.
Communica-
tion
 Literature survey:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title [3] Akyildiz, I.F., Kak, A. and Nie, S., 2020. 6G and beyond: The future of
wireless communications systems. IEEE access, 8, pp.133995-134030.
Abstract

Introduction This paper surveys the key enabling techniques for the next generation of
wireless communication networks, outlines their essential use cases, and
Literature
survey provides a perspective on current as well as future research and
development efforts.
Gist of the
manuscript We envision that 6G and beyond wireless systems will be largely driven by a
Evolution of focus on wireless ubiquity, i.e., the unrestricted availability of high quality
cellular wireless access.
Networks from
1G to 6G To this end, we have highlighted the key enabling technologies that are
vital to the success of 6G and beyond systems.
6G vision
By detailing both the operational nuances and open challenges associated
Maximizing
the Data with each, we not only hope to provide a detailed insight into the next
Rate/Spectral frontier in wireless communications
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Literature survey:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

[4] Rappaport, T.S., Xing, Y., Kanhere, O., Ju, S., Madanayake, A., Mandal, S.,
Title
Alkhateeb, A. and Trichopoulos, G.C., 2019. Wireless communications and
Abstract applications above 100 GHz: Opportunities and challenges for 6G and beyond.
Introduction IEEE access, 7, pp.78729-78757.
Literature This paper has provided a broad and deep look at fundamental
survey
opportunities, challenges, and approaches to creating future wireless,
Gist of the sensing, and position location systems for spectrum above 100 GHz, which
manuscript
are likely to be a part of the 6G era in the 2025-2035 time frame.
Evolution of
cellular
The paper described recent regulatory and standard body activities aimed
Networks from at fostering future wireless systems that will use multi-GHz bandwidth
1G to 6G channels at above 100 GHz, and which may support data rates in excess of
6G vision 100 Gbps.
Maximizing We demonstrated a large number of promising applications that future THz
the Data frequencies will support, as computing power concurrently grows to
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency
approach the processing power of the human brain

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Literature survey:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title
[5] Hong, W., Jiang, Z.H., Yu, C., Hou, D., Wang, H., Guo, C., Hu, Y., Kuai, L.,
Abstract Yu, Y., Jiang, Z. and Chen, Z., 2021. The role of millimeter-wave technologies in
Introduction
5G/6G wireless communications. IEEE Journal of Microwaves, 1(1), pp.101-122.
Literature The key enabling mmWave technologies for 5G communications are
survey reviewed, including the different kinds of system architectures,
Gist of the multi-channel beamforming chips, antennas for BSs and UTs, measurement
manuscript and calibration techniques, and wireless channel characterization.
Evolution of The recent developments are described with examples, and the
cellular
Networks from
requirements and challenges for 6G communications are also discussed.
1G to 6G In general, compared with 5G, the 6G requires the integration of more
6G vision physical transceiver channels, more frequency bands, more operation
Maximizing
flexibility, and more diverse functionalities into a communication system
the Data with considerably superior electrical performance.
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Gist of the manuscript:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract
The manuscript serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the
Introduction advancement and implications of 6G wireless communication networks in
Literature the modern digital landscape
survey
Highlighting breakthroughs in technology, including higher frequencies,
Gist of the massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), advanced beamforming,
manuscript
and new modulation schemes.
Evolution of
cellular
Addressing spectrum utilization strategies, including utilizing terahertz
Networks from frequencies and cognitive radio techniques to optimize spectral efficiency.
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Evolution of Cellular networks from 1G to 6G:

Technical In order to provide a clear vision of what 6G networks could offer, it is

Seminar essential to give a brief background of the evolution of mobile
Batch 21 communications networks from the firstgeneration (1G) to the
fifth-generation (5G).
Title To date, there are five different generations of mobile communications
Abstract systems, which belong to different standards and have different techniques
and capabilities as shown in fig[1].
Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Figure 1: Key evolution indication of 1G to 5G mobile wireless
Communica- communications
tion
 Evolution of cellular Networks from 1G to 6G:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21 Each generation of mobile communications networks has been developed

roughly every ten years. The evolution from 1G to 6G mobile wireless
Title communications networks is shown in Fig[1]
Abstract 1G was introduced in the 1980s to provide voice services. 1G networks
Introduction provided a data rate of 2.4 kbps. However, 1G was developed based on
analog transmission, and was faced challenges such as low capacity,
Literature
survey inconsistent delivery and lack of security.
Gist of the To address the issues of 1G, secondgeneration (2G) mobile communications
manuscript networks based on digital modulation technologies were developed in the
Evolution of
1990s. 2G has been used to provide encrypted data services such as short
cellular message services(SMS) in addition to traditional voice communications
Networks from
1G to 6G The second-generation network was based on the global systems for mobile
communications (GSM) and provided a data rate of 64 kbps. The 1G and
6G vision
2G mobile communications systems are based on public switched telephone
Maximizing network (PSTN), which is considered as a combination of several telephone
the Data
Rate/Spectral
networks, including telephone lines, switching centers, fiber optic networks,
Efficiency cellular networks and satellites networks
Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Evolution of cellular Networks from 1G to 6G:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract

Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G
Figure 2: Evloution of mobile generation from 1G to 5G
6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Unlike previous networks, 6G aims to fully support the Tactile Internet
Efficiency communication, which needs less than 1 ms delay for being able to perform
light surgeries.
Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 6G vision:

Technical 6G networks are visioned to further enhance the conventional wireless

Seminar communications systems, improve the quality of services, and support the
Batch 21 huge data traffic demands. 6G networks aim to maximize the data rates,
reduce energy consumption, enhance broadband connectivity and coverage,
Title improve communication security and trustworthiness, increase link
Abstract reliability, reduce latency, and achieve intelligent communication.
The below shows a schematic diagram of moving toward an ultra era in the
Introduction
future 6G networks
Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica- Figure 3: A diagram shows the ultra era in 6G networks
tion
 6G vision:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract

Introduction An extremely high data rate of above 100 Gbps with an end to end delay of
Literature less than 1ms may be supported by 6G. 6G is also expected to meet the
survey extremely high levels of communication reliability.
Gist of the 6G networks are expected to support wireless communications with
manuscript ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability. Future 6G networks also aim to
Evolution of support ultra-fast mobility.
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Maximizing the Data Rate/Spectral Efficiency

Technical
Seminar
Maximizing the data rate is considered the most important performance
Batch 21 indicator for any cellular technology. The Reconfigurable Intelligent
Reflecting SurfacesIRSs subsection discuss the key fundamental technology
Title
to improve the data rate for future 6G networks.
Abstract
RSs can be more energy efficient in comparison to conventional wireless
Introduction transmission technologies. This is because IRSs do not require power
Literature amplifiers, radio-frequency (RF) chains, sophisticated signal processing, and
survey interference management schemes. IRSs can be practically fabricated with
Gist of the
low-cost.
manuscript IRSs can be useful to communications systems with high frequencies bands
Evolution of such as mmWaves and THz. This is because high frequencies bands are
cellular considered to be highly sensitive to different propagation conditions.
Networks from
1G to 6G IRSs have the ability to provide further improvement in the degrees of
6G vision
freedom of the wireless communications channels, especially when the
line-of-sight (LoS) path is not available. IRSs can also be efficiently
Maximizing powered by renewable energy sources, which are energy efficient, and can
the Data
Rate/Spectral also be used with wireless power transfer and mobile edge computing to
Efficiency support dense IoT devices, multicell networks, and in cognitive radio
Terahertz communications.
Communica-
tion
 Terahertz Communication:

Technical
Seminar
THz communication is envisioned as a key enabler for 6G networks due to
Batch 21 its capability to achieve ultra-highspeed data rates (up to 1
Terabit-per-second (Tbps)) and support bandwidth-intensive applications.
Title

Abstract

Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency
Figure 4: An Illustration of electromagnetic spectrum
Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Terahertz Communication:

Technical THz communication explores the frequency spectrum bands between(0.1-10

Seminar
THz) and the corresponding wavelengths range between(0.03 mm-3 mm.
Batch 21 THz frequency band is located between mmWave and infrared(IR) bands.

Title

Abstract

Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica- Figure 5: Terahertz frequency
tion
 Terahertz Communication:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract Operating at higher frequency ranges, which are provided by the THz
Introduction communications, can be efficiently exploited to support various remote
sensing applications for 6G network.
Literature
survey In addition, THz communications can effectively support traditional
Gist of the macro-scale and future emerging micro-scale applications, which include the
manuscript Internet of NanoThings (IoNT) and the Internet of BioNanoThings (IoBT).
Evolution of Recently, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has considered the
cellular spectrum frequencies between 95 GHz to 3 THz to be used for future 6G
Networks from
1G to 6G research.
6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 optical wireless communication:

Technical Beyond the THz communication, optical wireless communication (OWC)

Seminar systems, which include infrared (IR), visible and ultraviolet frequency bands
Batch 21 , are considered as an efficient way to explore the available electromagnetic
spectrum to provide more broadband connectivity and coverage for 6G
Title networks.
Abstract The exploration of such huge bandwidth in OWC would support a wide
range of IoT connectivity and applications.
Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G

6G vision
Figure 6: Optical Wireless Communication types
Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
The performance of OWC systems can be affected by ambient light noise,
Efficiency atmospheric turbulence path loss in outdoor scenarios and pointing errors.
Several technologies are involved in OWC systems include visible light
Terahertz
Communica- communication (VLC), light fidelity (LiFi), freespace optical (FSO)
tion communication, LiDAR and optical camera communication
 Optical wireless communication:

Technical
Seminar 1.visible light communication:
Batch 21 VLC has been introduced as a key promising technology for 6G networks
due to its capability to combine lighting and high-speed wireless
Title communication in a single source, i.e., power-efficient light emitting diodes
Abstract (LEDs), and to complement the existing RF networks.
Introduction In VLC systems, LEDs are used at the transmitter to transfer high-speed
data rates, where the data is wirelessly transmitted using intensity
Literature
survey modulation (IM) technique.
Gist of the VLC uses photodiode (PD) or laser diodes (LDs) and direct detection (DD)
manuscript technique, which has the potential to convert the received light intensity to
Evolution of
a useful signal at the receiver.
cellular 2.Light-Fidelity (LiFi):
Networks from
1G to 6G LiFi is considered an effective extension of VLC technology with an aim to
6G vision provide a more secure, bi-directional, higher data rate and realize fully
connected wireless networks.
Maximizing
the Data LiFi is a part of optical wireless communication that explores the infrared
Rate/Spectral and visible light spectrum. This allows the available unlicensed spectrum to
Efficiency
be fully exploited and provides wireless data communication together with
Terahertz illumination.
Communica-
tion
 Optical wireless communication:

Technical 3.Free-space optical communication:

Seminar Free space optical (FSO) communication is a special form of OWC system
Batch 21 that takes place in the near-infrared frequency range.
FSO is considered as a promising technology for providing wireless backhaul
Title broadband connectivity to enable long-range communications, i.e, several
Abstract kilometers, to meet the huge traffic demands in 6G networks.
Introduction
FSO communication explores laser technology to produce a focused light or
narrow beam towards the desired user. The optical light beam in FSO
Literature
survey
system is used to convey a high-speed data rate for long distances wirelessly.
4.Light Detection and Ranging:
Gist of the
manuscript LiDAR technology is considered as a part of OWC operating in infrared
frequency band rang. LiDAR denotes an image light wireless
Evolution of
cellular communication technology that can be used to provide a dynamic digital
Networks from representation of different objects surroundings.
1G to 6G
The narrow beam produced by LiDAR can be efficiently used to map
6G vision different physical objects with relatively high resolution.
Maximizing This could significantly enhance the safety and efficiency of automated
the Data driving . LiDAR uses different components such as optical light, position
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency
navigation systems, photodetector and scanner .
Combining LiDAR sensing with radio-frequency communication or radar
Terahertz
Communica-
systems can be useful for future 6G networks especially for autonomous
tion driving systems.
 Increasing connectivity and full coverage:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21
Cell-free massive MIMO system:
Title

Abstract Cell-free massive MIMO communication system has the potential to

Introduction
achieve spatial diversity by allowing a mobile user to be jointly served on
the same time-frequency resource by more than one base station in a
Literature coordinated manner.
survey
The main difference between cell-free communication and conventional
Gist of the
manuscript MIMO systems is that instead of allocating each mobile user to a particular
cell with a specific base station, which is equipped with a relatively large
Evolution of
cellular number of antenna elements, it relaxes the constraint of cell boundaries.
Networks from Thus, the inter-cell interference caused by mobile users located at cell
1G to 6G boundaries can effectively be mitigated or even eliminated.
6G vision In addition, the disadvantage of poor channel quality that may happen
Maximizing when only one base station is serving can be effectively addressed.
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Increasing connectivity and full coverage:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract
The main objective of a cell-free massive MIMO communication system is
Introduction to achieve coherent processing over large geographically distributed base
Literature station antennas.
survey
This would allow an enhanced quality of service, nearly uniform achievable
Gist of the rates across the coverage area, and seamless handover across all mobile
manuscript
users regardless of their position in the networks.
Evolution of
cellular
Cell-free massive MIMO works with any frequency bands, including sub-6
Networks from GHz, mmWave bands, and THz frequencies.
1G to 6G

6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Internet of Smart Things Application:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title Internet of things (IoT) is defined as interconnected machines and objects

that contain various computing capabilities.
Abstract
In IoT networks, several different sensors and chips are embedded in
Introduction
physical devices or objects, which make them wirelessly connected. These
Literature physical sensors and objects have the ability to exchange a huge amount of
survey data between each other and with other digital components without any
Gist of the human intervention.
manuscript
The IoT connections and applications are expected to be significantly
Evolution of increased in the future 6G communications systems.
cellular
Networks from 6G networks are expected to support massive Internet of smart things
1G to 6G connections, which include smart cities, smart radio environments, smart
6G vision healthcare systems, smart grids, smart transportation, smart factories,
Maximizing
smart farming, and smart home.
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Internet of Smart Things Application:

Technical
Seminar The IoT connections and applications are expected to be significantly
Batch 21
increased in the future 6G communications systems

Title

Abstract

Introduction

Literature
survey

Gist of the
manuscript

Evolution of
cellular
Networks from
1G to 6G
Figure 7: The Key essential application on the Internet of Smart
6G vision Things(IoST)
Maximizing
the Data The above Fig summarizes the key smart applications, which will be
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency discussed in the next subsections. Generally speaking, the vast majority of
these smart applications are delay-sensitive, energy-demanding, small in
Terahertz
Communica- size, and required computational demanding signal processing capabilities.
tion
 Maintaining and security,secrecy,and privacy:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title

Abstract Security, secrecy, and privacy are expected to be essential parts in future 6G
communications systems.
Introduction
However, the technical challenges related to security, secrecy, and privacy
Literature
survey should be addressed in the 6G communications systems. For example,
cyber-attacks and physical layer security need to be addressed in future 6G
Gist of the
manuscript
communications systems

Evolution of
To this end, blockchain, quantum communications, artificial intelligence
cellular and machine learning are introduced as powerful technologies for
Networks from addressing the security, secrecy, and privacy challenges of the future 6G
1G to 6G
networks.
6G vision

Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Realizing Intelligence:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21

Title Artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are essential for
Abstract
ultra-reliable and low-latency communications in 6G networks.
Introduction
Furthermore, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques are
expected to play an essential role in the security of future 6G networks.
Literature
survey Compared to the other related survey papers on artificial intelligence, we
provide an in-depth discussion of the role of artificial intelligence, machine
Gist of the
manuscript learning, and deep learning techniques in future 6G networks.
Evolution of Artificial intelligence and machine learning is expected to play an essential
cellular role in the future 6G networks.
Networks from
1G to 6G In general, artificial intelligence makes the machines behave like humans. It
also allows the machines to make suitable decisions and achieve specific
6G vision
goals
Maximizing
the Data
Rate/Spectral
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 Summary:

Technical
Seminar

Batch 21
This paper presented a comprehensive review of evolution toward the future
Title 6G wireless communications networks. To this end, the key performance
indicators of 6G networks have been identified.
Abstract
In addition, the essential technologies that can achieve the key performance
Introduction
indicators of 6G networks have been described in detail.
Literature
survey In particular, the key idea and operation principle of each technology has
been presented. Furthermore, the key fundamental benefit and the
Gist of the
manuscript
potential application of each technology has been described.
Evolution of
The current state-of-the-art research related to each technology has been
cellular highlighted. This paper also elaborated several research challenges that
Networks from remain open and identified new research directions that worth investigating
1G to 6G
in the future.
6G vision
Overall, this provided a clear vision of what should 6G wireless
Maximizing communications networks be, which is essential for both industries and
the Data
Rate/Spectral
academic researchers.
Efficiency

Terahertz
Communica-
tion
 References:

Technical
Seminar
[1] M. Alsabah, M. A. Naser, B. M. Mahmmod, S. H. Abdulhussain, M. R. Eissa,
Batch 21 A. Al-Baidhani, N. K. Noordin, S. M. Sait, K. A. Al-Utaibi, and F. Hashim,
“6g wireless communications networks: A comprehensive survey,” Ieee
Title
Access, vol. 9, pp. 148 191–148 243, 2021.
Abstract
[2] M. Z. Chowdhury, M. Shahjalal, S. Ahmed, and Y. M. Jang, “6g wireless
Introduction communication systems: Applications, requirements, technologies, challenges,
Literature and research directions,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society,
survey vol. 1, pp. 957–975, 2020.
Gist of the
manuscript [3] I. F. Akyildiz, A. Kak, and S. Nie, “6g and beyond: The future of wireless
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