International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics
Vol. 6Issue 5, September 2017,
ISSN: 2320-0294 Impact Factor: 6.765
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Application of ZZ Transform Method for Newton’s Law of Cooling
R.Umamaheshwar Rao
Abstract
ZZ Transform Method was introduced by Zain Ul Abadin Zafar [1]
in 2016. In this paper, I have applied this new integral transform
method for finding solutions to the problems occured on a principle
Newton’s Law of Cooling, which is an application of first order and
first degree ordinary linear differential equation. ZZ Transform
Method is similar to the other transforms such as Laplace and
Keywords: Sumudu Transforms. The advantagae of ZZ Transform Method is
ZZ Transform Method; that it solves a differential equation with variable coefficients.
Newton’s Law of Cooling;
Differential equations.
Copyright © 2017 International Journals of Multidisciplinary
Research Academy. All rights reserved.
Author correspondence:
Faculty of Mathematics,
Department of Science and Humanities,
Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-501301.
1. Introduction
In science and engineering Differential equations plays an important role. In order to solve the certain
differential equations, the integral transforms were extensively used. The importance of an Integral
Transforms is that they provide powerful operational methods for solving initial value problems. Mostly we
use Laplace Transform technique for solving differential equations. ZZ Transform Method is the new integral
transform method which is introduced by Zain Ul Abadin Zafar [1], is very much useful to solve a
differential equation with variable coefficients. Here in this paper ZZ transform method is used for solving
the problems on Newtons Law of Cooling.
1.1 Defintion of ZZ Transform
Let f(t) be a function defined for all t≥0. The ZZ transform of f(t) is the function Z(v,s) defined by
Z v, s H f (t ) s f (vt ) e st dt _________(1.1.1) provided the integral exists. Equation (1.1.1)
can be written as Z v, s H f (t ) f (t ) e v dt ____(1.1.2) .
0
st
s
v0
1.2 Existance of ZZ Transform Method
If f(t) is sectionally continuous in every finite interval 0≤t≤k and of exponential order for t>k, then its ZZ
transform Z(v,s) exists for al s>, v>.
166 International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics
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s sva
1.3 ZZ Transform of Some Required Functions
Let f(t)=eat, where t≥0 and a is a constant, then H e
at
(i) ______(1.3.1)
1 t 0
Let f (t ) then H 1 1
0 t0
(ii) _____(1.3.2)
H t n n !
vn
(iii) Let f(t)=tn, where nN, then ________(1.3.3)
sn
1.4 Linear Property
H a f (t ) b g (t ) a H f (t ) b H f (t )
If a, b are constants and f(t) and g(t) are functions, then
______(1.4.1)
1.5 ZZ Transform for Derivatives
n 1 n 1
Let H{f(t)}=Z(v,s), then H f (t )
sn s
n k
n
Z (v, s ) f k (0) ________(1.5.1)
k 0 v
n
v
2. Newton’s Law of Cooling
Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of change of the temperature of a body is proportional to the
Let be the temperature of the body at any time t, 0 be the temperature of its surrounding medium. Then
difference of the temperature of the body and that of its surrounding medium.
d d
(t ) 0 (t ) (t ) 0 (t ) ___(2.1) , where k is proportionality constant (k>0).
by Newton’s law of cooling we have
dt dt
3. Application of ZZ transform to a problem on Newton’s Law of Cooling and Analysis
3.1 Problem: A body temperature is comedown from 800C to 600C in 20 minutes, when it was placed at
which the surrounding air temperature is at 400C. Then
(i) What will be the body temperature after 40 minutes?
(ii) When will be the temperature is 550C?
Solution: Given that, the surrounding temperature of the air is 0 40 C , initial temperature i.e. at time
0
t 0, (0) 800 C and after time t 20min, (20) 600 C .
d
(t ) 0 (t )
From Newton’s Law of cooling (equation 2.1), we have
d
(t ) 0 (t )
dt
where is a cons tan t.
d
dt
(t ) 0 (t )
d
dt
(t ) 0 (t ) or 1 (t ) (t ) 40
Taking ZZ Transform on both sides of (3.1.1), we get H (t ) (t ) H 40k
____________(3.1.1)
dt
1
H 1 (t ) H (t ) 40 H 1
Using the linear property, we can write the above equation as
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v H (t ) v (0) H (t ) 40
s
Now by using the property of ZZ transform of derivative,
s
___________(3.1.2)
Since at time t=0, given that (0) 80 C , substituting this in equation (3.1.2), we have
0
s s
v v 80 40
v s
H (t ) 40
80s
v v
40 v 80s v v 2s v (v s) s
H (t ) . 40 . 40
v v s v v s v s
s
40 1
v s
________(3.2.3)
s
Applying inverse ZZ Transform on both side of equation (3.2.3), then we get
H 1 H (t ) H 1 40 1
v s
s 1 s t
Since it satisfies the linear property,
(t ) 40 H 1 1 H 1 H e
v s v s
40 1 e t _______________(3.2.4)
Using the condition at t=20min,(20)=600C, from (3) we have
1
60 40 40e 20 40e e20 k e k
1
20 k 20 k
20
1
2
_______(3.2.5)
2
To find the temperature after time t=40min, from (3.2.5) we have (t ) 40 40e
40k
(t ) 40 40 e
(i)
1 20 1 2
40 40 40 40 500 C.
40 1
k 40
2 2
Therefore, after 40 minutes of time the temperature of the body is 50 0C.
(ii) Now to find the time required to become the temperature of the body is 55 0C, again
from (3), we get
55 40 40e kt 15 40(e k )t (e k ) t
15
____(3.2.6)
40
( ) 20 .Taking natural logarithms on both side’s
15 1 t
Substituting (3.2.5) in (3.2.6), we get
40 2
15
of this equation, then we have
20 log e
15 t 1 40 min 28.3min utes
log e log e t
40 20 2 log e 1
2
Therefore after 28.3 minutes of time, the body temperature is 550C.
168 International Journal of Engineering, Science and Mathematics
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[email protected] ISSN: 2320-0294 Impact Factor: 6.765
The graph is drawn by taking the time on X-axis and the temperature of the body is on Y-axis.
4. Conclusion
We can apply ZZ Transform Method for solving ordinary differential equation, which is obtained based on
the principle Newton’s Law of Cooling.
References
[1] Zain UlAbadin Zafar, “ZZ Transform Method”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global
Technoloy, Vol.4, Issue-1, pp.1605-1611, Jan. 2016.
[2] Tarig.M.Elzaki, “The New Integral Transform “Elzaki Transform” Global Journal of Pure and Applied
Mathematics, Vol.7, Number-1, pp.57-64, 2011.
[3] Alan Jeffrey, “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, Academic Press, 2002.
[4] Hasen Eltayeh and Adem Kilicman, “On Some Application of a New Integral Transform”, International Journal of
Math Analysis, Vol.4, No.3, pp.123-132, 2010.
[4] J.Zhang and A Sumudu “Based Algorithm for Solving Differential Equations”, Comp.Sci.J. Moldova Vol.15, No.3,
pp.303-313, 2007.
[5] G Kwatugala, “Sumudu Transform-An Integral Transform to Solve Differential Equations Control Engineering
Problems”, International J.Math.Ed.Sci.Tech, 24, pp.35-43, 1993.
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