Key Paraphrasing Module 4
1. The transfer = deportation, removal of ten skilled = experienced workers to a more distant factory
caused a lot of distress = agony, anguish among their families.
2. Lisa is a distinguished = an important person who is not only intelligent = smart, bright, brilliant,
but also dominant = authoritative, leading and doesn’t fit the regular stereotype.
3. The opposition had a strategy = scheme, system to consistently = regularly, routinely refuse =
decline, reject to grant permission to build the factory near the playground.
Key Paraphrasing Module 5
1. The intensity = strength with which she battled = fought for stronger regulations =
instructions, rules, laws on drug abuse terrified = scared him.
2. She received a prestigious = respected, reputed award from the town’s most influential =
authoritative, forceful businessman, who had become inspired = motivated, encouraged
by the prodigious = extraordinary, remarkable sacrifices = offerings she had made.
3. Because the motive = reason for his deed was explained so eloquently = fluently, it made
his behavior seem acceptable = justifiable, bearable.
Key Paraphrasing Module 6
1. Many dedicated = committed, devoted pioneers = explorers, innovators, founders in
scientific discoveries remained persistent = resolute, dogged, constant in their work without
getting distracted = preoccupied, diverted, inattentive by prejudices and what not.
2. Pretend = Make-believe, imaginary, unreal matadors who are tempted = enticed, allured,
persuaded to antagonize = anger, annoy, provoke bulls should refrain from doing so, since
bulls can easily outrun humans.
3. Highly persuasive = convincing, effective, credible salespersons emphasize = highlight,
stress, focus attention on selling opportunities that benefit = help their customers and provide
= supply them insurance against potential losses.
Derivations VWO 4 TEACHER’S KEY
Module 4 Upper Intermediate
1. Consistently We have argued consistently for a change in the law.
She’s not very consistent in the way she treats her children.
He has been Milan’s most consistent player this season.
2. Intelligent He’s a highly intelligent man.
He didn’t even have the intelligence to call for an ambulance
She intelligently handled all the necessary matters for the chairman.
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3. Transfer This disease is rarely transferable from mother to baby.
He asked for a transfer to the company’s Paris branch.
This ticket is not transferable.
The transference of heat from the liquid to the container is not easy.
The action of transferring someone or something is called a transferal.
4. Efficient As we get older, our bodies become less efficient at burning up calories.
This was a very efficiently organized event.
I was impressed by the efficiency with which she handled the crisis.
5. Absorb The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.
His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport.
This factory produces all absorbent tissue paper.
6. Distinguish Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.
The male bird is distinguished from the female by its red beak.
Does your cat have any distinguishing marks?
The coast was barely distinguishable in the mist.
7. Spatial He is doing a research on the development of a child’s spatial awareness.
Nature and super nature were taken as physically and spatially distinct.
8. Refuse He flatly refused to discuss the matter.
She refused to accept that there was a problem.
His refusal to discuss the matter is very annoying
9. Experiment I’ve never cooked this before so it’s an experiment.
He wanted to experiment more with different textures in his paintings.
The new drug is being used experimentally on some patients.
The equipment is still at the experimental stage.
10. Barrier The crowd had to stand behind barriers.
The language barrier between the student and her teachers is immense.
11. Distress The newspaper article caused the actor considerable distress.
She was obviously in distress after the attack.
When the baby was born it was blue and distressed.
It was clear that the letter had deeply distressed her.
It was extremely distressing to see my mom suffering from cancer.
12. Skill The job requires skill and an eye for detail.
The photographer’s skill in capturing a beautiful moment is remarkable.
She is highly skilled at dealing with difficult customers.
13. Strategy We need to develop a strategy for dealing with unemployment.
Cameras were set up at strategic points.
The journalist relied heavily on the strategically placed microphone.
A person who is skilled at planning things is a strategist.
14. Behavior Karen’s parents were absolutely disgusted with the behaviour of Ria and
Kate. Many teachers have to deal with behavioral problems of the primary
school. The behaviorally disturbed children were very busy during the break.
My sisters worked hard and behaved themselves. A researcher invented the
belief that one can cure an autistic child by using behaviorism.
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15. Ancestor There were portraits of Jayden’s ancestors on the walls of the room.
Chantal was proud of her Native American ancestry so she decided to tour her
family’s ancestral homeland.
16. Culture Suriname has an amazing diversity of cultures. The center provides
a wide range of cultural activities. This is the most culturally diverse on the
planet. The doctor took a swab of cells from his tongue to culture in the lab.
Margin is what one would cultured woman.
17. Articulate Janet was able to articulate her points during any discussion.
Yesterday she also gave me an entertaining and articulate speech. Martha’s
question was not articulately answered. Articulation was difficult and I didn’t
know my own voice.
18. Intuitive He had an intuitive sense of what the reader wanted. Intuitively, she knew that
he was lying. Intuition told her that we had spoken the truth.
19. Dominant There was an article about the dominant company in the newspaper.
“I’m going to walk with Suzanne,” he said dominantly. With this victory, the
team has maintained its dominance. One company has dominated the market of
the European football for years.
20. Logical It’s logical to assume that she’ll help us again. Try to stay calm and
think logically about the questions. If you just use a little logic, you’ll see I’m
right.
Module 5 Upper Intermediate
1. prestigious: It’s the city’s most prestigious and exclusive hotel. There is a lot prestige
attached to owning a car like this. Last week the Gold Cup was
prestigiously handed over to the winner of the race.
2. financial: Tokyo and New York are major financial centres. She is still financially
dependent on her parents. It’s about time you sorted out your finances.
The money will go to finance a new community centre.
3. influential: She is the one of the most influential figures in local politics. What
exactly is the influence of television on children? His writings have
influenced the lives of millions. The committee influentially formulated
the government policy on employment.
4. eloquence: She spoke with such eloquence that they admired her for her well-
informed speech. The pyramids are an eloquent testimony to the ancient
Egyptians’ engineering skills. His face expressed his grief more
eloquently than any words.
5. prodigy: The 12-year-old prodigy will play America’s reigning chess champion
next week. Laser discs can store prodigious amounts of information. He
was a prodigiously talented musician.
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6. sacrifice Would you sacrifice a football game to go out with a girl? Her parents
made sacrifices so that she could have a good education. He was a
sacrificial lamb to a system that destroyed him. Most remained focused
and sacrificially fulfilled Christ’s Great Commission.
7. benefit: We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.
Who exactly stands to benefit from these changes? The new regulations
will be of benefit to everyone concerned. A good diet is beneficial to
health. It is healthy to use your wealth beneficially for others and yourself.
He was a friend and benefactor who will be missed deeply.
8. regret He gave up teaching in 2001, much to the regret of his students. If you
don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it. It is regrettable that the police were
not informed sooner. Regrettably, crime has been increasing in this area.
9. regulation: About half of all bombing cases are actually acts of regulation. They had
to be dressed in regulation uniform like the others. The activities of credit
companies are regulated by law. The public constantly demanded
regulated food prices.
10. battle The essay discusses the endless battle between man and nature. She’s still
battling with a knee injury.
11. terrifying For some people flying is a terrifying experience. Does flying terrify
you? People fled from the explosion in terror. I’m terrified of losing you.
The building was terrifyingly high.
12. motive There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
13. provide The hospital has a commitment to provide the best possible medical care.
We are one of the largest providers of employment in the area.
14. journey They went on a long train journey across India. They have been
journeying for seven long months.
15. make history: Willy Brandt made history by achieving reunion between East and West
Germany in 1971.
16. acceptance: Please confirm your acceptance of this offer in writing. The new laws
have gained widespread acceptance. They accepted the court’s decision.
There is no generally acceptable definition of life. We want a political
solution is acceptable to all parties. The aim of discipline is to teach
children to behave acceptably.
17. pay tribute to: At her funeral her oldest friend paid tribute to her life and work.
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18. inspire: The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm. Dream can be a rich
source of inspiration for an artist. The book “Sold” is a very
inspirational book to most women. Hassam has always been an inspiring
writer.
19. distinction: Philosophers did not use to make a distinction between arts and science.
At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
The male bird is easily distinguishable from the female. I think grey hair
makes you look very distinguished. That bird has no distinguishing
features.
20. intensity: The storm resumed with even greater intensity. It was a period of
intensive training. This case has been intensively studied.
Key Opposites:
• prestigious: She spent the evening with her disreputable / obscure brother Stefan.
• influential: When the enemy attacked, we were completely powerless against them.
• eloquence: Due to her inarticulateness she was not able to express her thoughts.
• prodigious: The meal was very ordinary.
• sacrifice: The new card will safeguard the company against fraud.
• benefit(v): We should not spend the money on something that will harm everyone.
benefit(n): One major detriment of the area is the lack of public transport.
• regret(n): The rules are there to ensure everyone’s safety and satisfaction/enjoyment
regret(v): He always enjoys playing guitar after dinner.
• battle: The white flag of truce / ceasefire is understood universally.
• terrifying: It’s a comforting car to drive long distance.
terrify: The victim’s widow was today being comforted by family and
friends.
• provide: These seats are reserved / held back for special guests.
• history: You’ve got to forget the past and start living in the present.
• acceptance: He shook his head in denial / rejection.
accept: The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
• inspire: Don’t be discouraged by the first failure—try again!
• distinction: This induces a feeling of similarity in them.
• intensity: Alcohol should only ever be taken in moderation.
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Module 6 Upper Intermediate
1. antagonis(z)e : Not wishing to antagonize her further he said no more. The antagonism
he felt towards his old enemy was still very strong. In the book, the
antagonist kidnaps the good guy’s wife. She was staring at the girls with
an antagonistic expression on her face. The county would discuss her
antagonistically at a hundred tables. The boy’s interest in theatre exposed
him to the antagonism of his father.
2. persist: Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened? I don’t like
persistent salesmen who don’t take no for an answer. They have
persistently denied claims of illegal dealing. It was her sheer persistence
that wore them down in the end.
3. identity Their identities were kept secret. The bodies were identified as those of
two suspected drug dealers. The identification of the crash victims was a
long and difficult task. The ringtone identifier let him know immediately
that it was his mother.
4. encouragement: He needs all the support and encouragement he can get. You could try and
be a little more encouraging. My parents have always encouraged me in
my choice of career. The coach smiled encouragingly at the youngsters so
they would be motivated to try harder.
5. survive: I can’t survive on 100 srd a week. Exporting is necessary for our
economic survival. The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle and there
were no survivors. Many believe that aviation accidents are not
survivable.
6. stabilis(z)e: The government has taken measures to stabilize prices, but it hasn’t been
effective. Sustainable economic growth in the region is also crucial to
regional stability. Delta air crafts have large delta wings instead of the
conventional wings and tail stabilizers. This ladder doesn’t seem very
stable. The economy is starting to show signs of stabilization.
7. emphasize: The emphasis is very much on learning the spoken language. The doctor
emphasized how little was known about the disease. He was emphatic
that he could not work with her. The proposal was emphatically defeated.
8. sterile: Hospital rooms always feel cold and sterile. The disease can cause
sterility in men. The surgical instruments are sterilized before each
operation. The sterilization that occurs naturally in coconut is a primary
reason it is used.
9. circulate: The one-cent coins were taken out of circulation. Rumors began to
circulate about their financial problems. The veins and arteries are the
principal pathways of the human circulatory system.
10. distract: You’re distracting me from my work. It is hard to work at home because
of all the distractions.She couldn’t concentrate because of the distracting
noise. All day, moaning and warmth from the movie theater below wafted
distractingly through the floorboards. The silver-haired man offered a
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distracted smile. He continued to stare distractedly at her although he
knew she was uncomfortable with it.
11. indicate: Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. Their failure to act
is indicative of their lack of interest. There are no clear indications that
the economy is improving.
12. biography: Using my grandmother’s diaries, I was able to mesh her stories into a
biography, so technically my grandmother is called the biographee of the
story. The Maverick duo were not easy to biographize. The biographer
sat down to his task with his mind full of matters. He’s gathering
biographical data for his book on Trump.
13. persuade: He can be very persuasive at times. They argued persuasively in favour
of a total ban on handguns. After a little gentle persuasion, he agreed to
come. He makes his points with force and persuasiveness. Try to
persuade her to come to the party.
14. generalize: It would be foolish to generalize from a single example. His
generalizations are vivid and enlightening. The general opinion was that
the training was a success. Their plan was generally welcomed.
15. insure: The painting was insured for $1 million. When her husband died, she
receive USD 50.000 in insurance. In this policy, the insurer agrees to pay
for all medial expenses.
16. dedicate: Megan dedicated her life to helping the poor. He is a dedicated teacher
who always makes time for students’ activities. Due to their dedication
and hard work the police were able to catch the criminals. The dedicator
devoted all his free time to the church.
17. pioneer: Who was the pioneer of British canoeing. Large sums of money are
awarded to persons who come with a pioneer design. A new technique
pioneered by surgeons in a Cuban hospital was successfully performed.
18. pretend: Let’s pretend we’re professional singers. His pretended wealth was
proved to be non-existent. All his kindness towards us was just pretend.
19. tempt: Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible in your car. She
turned away from the temptation to watch tv and went to her room to
study. The cake looked very tempting. The store displayed the newest
Levi pants temptingly in their shop-window.
20. log in (or on): To use this computer you’ll need a password to log in. You can also use
your smarthphone to log on to the internet.
