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Power and Control Fuses

The document provides an extensive index of definitions for various types of fuses and their applications in protecting electrical systems. It includes descriptions of low voltage motor protection, medium voltage motor protection, transformer protection, semiconductor protection and other applications. The document contains detailed information on fuse construction, selection and coordination.

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Mohamed Mostafa

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

25 views

Power and Control Fuses

Uploaded by

Mohamed Mostafa

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Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

INDEX TO APPLICATION INFORMATION

Definitions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 2
Fuse Descriptions - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 4
Fuse Construction & Operation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 5
How to Read Time vs. Current Curves - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 6
Low Voltage Motor Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 7
Medium Voltage Motor Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 13
Transformer Protection
General Discussion- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 14
Low Voltage Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 15
Medium Voltage Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 16
Control Transformers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 18
Semiconductor Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 19
DC Circuit Protection & Fuse DC Ratings - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 19
Let-Thru Current & I2t- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 21
Fuse Let-Thru Tables - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 22
Bus Duct Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 27
Capacitor Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 28
Cable Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 29
Welder Protection- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 30
Selectivity Between Fuses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 31
Short Circuit Calculations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 37
Properties of Materials - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 42
Stranded Copper and Aluminum Cable Data - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 43
Recommended Tightening Torque
for Bolt-on and Stud Mounted Fuses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 43
Small Ampere Rating Equivalents - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 43
Rules for Equipment Short Circuit Rating - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 44
Ferraz Shawmut Instructional Videos- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 44
10 Reasons for Using Current Limiting Fuses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - L 44
Suggested Specifications for Ferraz Shawmut Fuses - - - - - - - - - - - - L 45

FUSE DEFINITIONS
Bolt-in Fuse
Ampacity A fuse which is intended to be bolted directly to bus bars, con-
The current a conductor can carry continuously without exceed- tact pads or fuse blocks.
ing its temperature rating. Ampacity is a function of cable size,
insulation type and the conditions of use. Contacts
The external live parts of the fuse which provide continuity
Ampere Rating between the fuse and the balance of the circuit. Also referred to
The continuous current carrying capability of a fuse under as ferrules, blades or terminals.
defined laboratory conditions. The ampere rating is marked on
each fuse. Class L fuses and E rated fuses may be loaded to Coordination
100% of their ampere rating. For all other fuses, continuous load The use of overcurrent protective devices which will isolate only
current should not exceed 80% of fuse ampere rating. that portion of an electrical system which has been overloaded or
faulted. See Selectivity.
Available Fault Current
The maximum short circuit current that can flow in an unprotect- Current-Limiting Fuse
ed circuit. A fuse which will limit both the magnitude and duration of cur-
rent flow under short circuit conditions.

L2
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE DEFINITIONS (Continued)
Overload
Current-Limiting Range The operation of conductors or equipment at a current level that
The available fault currents a fuse will clear in less than 1/2 cycle, will cause damage if allowed to persist.
thus limiting the actual magnitude of current flow.
Peak Let-Thru Current (lp)
Dual Element Fuse The maximum instantaneous current passed by a current- limit-
Often confused with time delay, dual element is a term describing ing fuse when clearing a fault current of specified magnitude.
fuse element construction. A fuse having two current responsive
elements in series. Rejection Fuse Block
A fuse block which will only accept fuses of a specific UL class.
Element Rejection is a safety feature intended to prevent the insertion of a
A calibrated conductor inside a fuse which melts when subjected fuse with an inadequate voltage or interrupting rating.
to excessive current. The element is enclosed by the fuse body
and may be surrounded by an arc-quenching medium such as Rejection Fuse
silica sand. The element is sometimes referred to as a link. A current-limiting fuse with high interrupting rating and with
unique dimensions or mounting provisions.
Fault
An accidental condition in which a current path becomes avail- Renewable Fuse
able which by-passes the connected load. A fuse which can be restored for service by the replacement of
its element.
Fault Current
The amount of current flowing in a faulted circuit. Renewable Element or Link
The field-replaceable element of a renewable fuse. Also referred
Fuse to as a renewal link.
An overcurrent protective device containing a calibrated current
carrying member which melts and opens a circuit under speci- Selectivity
fied overcurrent conditions. A main fuse and a branch fuse are said to be selective if the
branch fuse will clear all overcurrent conditions before the main
I2t (Ampere Squared Seconds) fuse opens. Selectivity is desirable because it limits outage to
2 that portion of the circuit which has been overloaded or faulted.
A measure of the thermal energy associated with current flow. I t
is equal to (lRMS)2 x t, where t is the duration of current flow in Also called selective coordination.
seconds.
Semiconductor Fuse
Clearing I2t is the total I2t passed by a fuse as the fuse An extremely fast acting fuse intended for the protection of power
clears a fault, with t being equal to the time elapsed from semiconductors. Sometimes referred to as a rectifier or
the initiation of the fault to the instant the fault has been ultra fast fuse.
cleared.
Melting I2t is the minimum I2t required to melt the fuse Short Circuit
element. Excessive current flow caused by insulation breakdown or wiring
error.
Interrupting Rating (Abbreviated I.R.)
The maximum current a fuse can safely interrupt. Some special Threshold Current
purpose fuses may also have a “Minimum Interrupting Rating”. The minimum available fault current at which a fuse is current
This defines the minimum current that a fuse can safely interrupt. limiting.

Kiloamperes (Abbreviated kA) Time Delay Fuse L

1,000 amperes. A fuse which will carry an overcurrent of a specified magnitude
for a minimum specified time without opening. The specified
Limiter or Back-up Fuse current and time requirements are defined in the UL/CSA/NOM
A special purpose fuse which is intended to provide short circuit 248 fuse standards.
protection only.
Voltage Rating
Overcurrent The maximum voltage at which a fuse is designed to operate.
Any current in excess of conductor ampacity or equipment Voltage ratings are assumed to be for AC unless specifically
continuous current rating. labeled as DC.

L3
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE DESCRIPTIONS ➤ PT Fuses - Potential transformers require current limiting
fuses or equivalent on the primary connection side. Standard
High voltage (over 34,500V) PT primary voltages range from 2.4kV to 36kV. Since the power
Expulsion-Type power fuses are available for nominal voltages of requirement is low (for relays, metering, etc.) fuses of the proper
46, 69, 115, 138 and 161KV in current ratings up to 400 voltage are applied in the 1/2 to 5 ampere range. Several voltage
amperes. ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Standards ratings are available, physical sizes vary among
are followed. manufacturers.

Medium Voltage (601-34,500V) Low Voltages (600V or less)

Many types of low voltage fuses are classified and identified
➤ Current-Limiting or Expulsion-Type power fuses are for use in 125, 250, 300, 480, or 600V circuits. UL/CSA/NOM
available for nominal voltages of 2.4, 2.75, 4.16, 5.5, 7.2, 8.25, standards are followed. Common types are briefly
14.4, 15.5, 23 and 34.5 KV in current ratings up to 720 summarized below:
amperes. ANSI and UL Standards are followed.

➤ Current-limiting motor starter fuses are available for

nominal voltages of 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2KV in current ratings up to
36R (650A). These are special purpose R rated fuses for motor
short circuit protection only and are not full-range power fuses.
ANSI and UL Standards are followed.
Summary of Low Voltage Fuses
AMPERE INTERRUPTING
VOLTAGE FUSE TYPE RATING RATING-KA NOTES
UL CLASSIFICATIONS
125 Plug 0-30 10

250 Class H 0-600 10 Includes renewables

Class K 0-600 50,100 or 200 Interchangeable with Class H
Class RK1 0-600 200 One-end rejection
Class RK5 0-600 200 One-end rejection
Midget 0-30 10 13/32” x 1- 1/2”

300 Class T 0-1200 200 Very small dimensions

600, 480 Class G 0-60 100 13/32” diameter

600 Class H 0-600 10 Includes renewables

Class J 0-600 200 600V dimensions. only
Class K 0-600 50, 100 or 200 Interchangeable with Class H
Class RK1 0-600 200 One-end rejection
Class RK5 0-600 200 One-end rejection
Class T 0-1200 200 Very small dimensions.
Class CC 0-30 200 Midget one-end rejection
Midget 0-30 10, 50 or 100 13/32” x 1- 1/2”
Class L 601-6000 200 Bolt-in

OTHER TYPES

130-4000 Semiconductor 0-2000 200 Many sizes UL component recognized

protection

1000 Glass & Ceramic 0-30 up to 10 Automotive and electronic, 1/4” dia., 5 mm dia.
Many sizes UL Listed & CSA certified

600 Cable protector 4/0-750 kcmil 200 Crimp type, bolt type or solid stud
Cu or Al cables

600-4300 Capacitor 25-225 200 Variety of mountings

250, 600 Welder 70-600 200 Class H, J, or L dimensions

L4
APPLICATION INFORMATION

BLADE BODY FILLER ELEMENT

FUSE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

The typical fuse consists of an element which is surrounded by a

filler and enclosed by the fuse body. The element is welded or
soldered to the fuse contacts (blades or ferrules).

The element is a calibrated conductor. Its configuration, its

mass, and the materials employed are selected to achieve the
desired electrical and thermal characteristics. The element
provides the current path through the fuse. It generates heat at
a rate that is dependent upon its resistance and the load current.

The heat generated by the element is absorbed by the filler and

passed through the fuse body to the surrounding air. A filler such
as quartz sand provides effective heat transfer and allows for the
small element cross-section typical in modern fuses. The effective
heat transfer allows the fuse to carry harmless overloads. The
small element cross section melts quickly under short circuit
conditions. The filler also aids fuse performance by absorbing
arc energy when the fuse clears an overload or short circuit.

When a sustained overload occurs, the element will generate

heat at a faster rate than the heat can be passed to the filler. If
the overload persists, the element will reach its melting point
and open. Increasing the applied current will heat the element
faster and cause the fuse to open sooner. Thus fuses have an
inverse time current characteristic, i.e. the greater the overcurrent
the less time required for the fuse to open the circuit.

This characteristic is desirable because it parallels the character-

istics of conductors, motors, transformers and other electrical
apparatus. These components can carry low level overloads for
relatively long times without damage. However, under high L
current conditions damage can occur quickly. Because of its
inverse time current characteristic, a properly applied fuse can
provide effective protection over a broad current range, from low
level overloads to high level short circuits.

L5
APPLICATION INFORMATION
HOW TO READ A TIME-CURRENT CURVE

A time-current characteristic curve for a specific fuse is shown

as a continuous line and represents the opening time in seconds
for that fuse for a range of overcurrents. The opening time is con-
AJT TIME DELAY / CLASS J
sidered nominal unless noted otherwise. Several curves are tradi- Melting Time -Current Data
tionally shown on one sheet to represent a family of fuses. The 1-600 Amperes, 600 Volts AC
family shown here is the Time Delay Class J AJT Amp-trap 2000
fuse.

Information can be accessed from these curves in several ways:

➤ If a fuse has been selected, the designer can use the curve
for that fuse to check its opening time versus a given overcurrent.
Example: Using the 30 ampere fuse curve, what is the fuse open-
ing time in seconds at a current of 160 amperes? At the bottom
of the sheet (Current in Amperes) find 160 amperes (Pt. A) and
follow that line straight up to the point where it intersects the
30A curve (Pt. B). Then follow that line to the left edge (Time in
Seconds) and read 10 seconds. (pt. C). This tells us that the
AJT30 will open in 10 seconds on a current of 160 amperes.
Time in Seconds

➤ Likewise, for the same fuse we might want to know what cur-
rent will open the fuse in .1 second. At the side of the sheet
(Time in Seconds) find .1 second (Pt. D) and follow that line to
the right until it intersects the 30A curve (Pt. E). Then follow that
line straight down to the bottom line (Current in Seconds) and
read 320 amperes (Pt. F). This shows that the AJT30 requires an
overcurrent of 320 amperes to open in .1 second.

➤ The curves can be used in other ways by the designer. For

example, if a family has been chosen (i.e. Time Delay Class J
AJT) and an opening time of approximately 1 second is required
at 3000 amperes, what fuse in the family best meets this need?
Find the 3000 ampere line at the bottom of the sheet (Pt. G) and
follow it up to the 1 second line (Pt. H). The nearest curve to the
right is the AJT400. If the point is not near a curve shown, other
intermediate curves are available from the factory.

Sometimes the fuse family or type has not been chosen, so a Current in Amperes
design requirement can be presented to several family character-
istic curves. One fuse type will emerge as a good choice. Voltage
rating, interrupting rating, physical size, time delay, etc. are all
considerations in the final choice.

L6
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES FOR MOTOR PROTECTION
Disconnect
Code Requirements
The NEC or CEC requires that motor branch circuits be protected
against overloads and short circuits. Overload protection may be
provided by fuses, overload relays or motor thermal protectors. Fuse
Short circuit protection may be provided by fuses or circuit
breakers.
Contactor
Overload Protection
The NEC or CEC allows fuses to be used as the sole means of
overload protection for motor branch circuits. This approach is often
practical with small single phase motors. If the fuse is the sole Overload Relay
means of protection, the fuse ampere rating must not exceed the
values shown in Table 1.
Motor
Most integral horsepower 3 phase motors are controlled by a motor
starter which includes an overload relay. Since the overload relay
provides overload protection for the motor branch circuit, the fuses Motor Branch Circuit
may be sized for short circuit protection.
Table 1- Maximum Fuse Rating for Overload Protection
Short Circuit Protection
MOTOR SERVICE FACTOR or FUSE RATING AS %*
The motor branch circuit fuses may be sized as large as shown MARKED TEMPERATURE RISE MOTOR FULL LOAD
in Table 2 when an overload relay or motor thermal protector is
included in the branch circuit. Time delay fuse ratings may be Service factor of 1.15 or greater 125
increased to 225% and non-time delay fuse ratings to 400% Marked temperature rise
(300% if over 600 amperes) if the ratings shown in Table 2 will not exceeding 40°C 125
not carry motor starting current. All others 115

Some manufacturers’ motor starters may not be adequately pro- * These percentages are not to be exceeded.
tected by the maximum fuse sizing shown in Table 2. If this is
the case, the starter manufacturer is required by UL 508 to label
the starter with a maximum permissible fuse size. If so labeled, Table 2- Maximum Fuse Rating For
this maximum value is not be be exceeded. Short Circuit Protection
FUSE RATING AS
Where the percentages shown in Table 2 do not correspond to % MOTOR FULL LOAD*
standard fuse ratings the next larger fuse rating may be used. TYPE OF MOTOR FUSE TYPE
Standard fuse ratings in amperes: NON-TIME DELAY TIME DELAY
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 All Single-phase AC motors 300 175
60 70 80 90 100 110 125 150
175 200 225 250 300 350 400 450 AC polyphase motors other than
wound-rotor:
500 600 700
2500 3000 4000 5000 6000
800 1000 1200 1600 2000 Squirrel Cage
Other than Design E
Design E
300
300
175
175
L
Synchronous 300 175
Fuse Selection Guidelines Wound rotor 150 150
What fuse type and ampere rating is best for a given application? Direct-current (constant voltage) 150 150
The answer depends upon the application and objective to be
met. Here are some suggestions. * The non-time delay ratings apply to all class CC fuses.

L7
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES FOR MOTOR PROTECTION Single Phase Motor Fuse Selection
(Continued) UL Class RK5 - Tri-onic® (TR)
FULL RECOMMENDED FUSE AMPERE RATING
Time Delay vs. Non-Time Delay MOTOR LOAD MINIMUM TYPICAL HEAVY
Time delay fuses are the most useful fuses for motor branch circuit HP AMPERES 1.0 SF 1.15 SF LOAD
application. A time delay fuse can be sized closer to motor full 115V-RK5-TR (Tri-onic)
load current, providing a degree of overload protection, better short 1/6 4.4 5-6/10 5-6/10 6-1/4 8
circuit protection, and possible use of a smaller disconnect switch. 1/4 5.8 7 8 9 12
1/3 7.2 9 10 12 15
Which Fuse Class? 1/2 9.8 12 12 15 17.5
UL Classes RK5, RK1, and J are the most popular. The Class 3/4 13.8 15 17-1/2 20 25
RK5 ( Tri-onic® ) is the least expensive. The Class RK1 (Amp-trap®) 1 16 17-1/2 20 25 30
1-1/2 20 20 25 30 35
is used where a higher degree of current limitation is required for
2 24 25 30 35 40
improved component protection or system coordination. The RK5 3 34 35 40 50 60
and RK1 are dimensionally interchangeable. 5 56 60 70 80 100
7-1/2 80 90 100 125 150
Since its 1983 introduction, the Class J time delay fuse 10 100 110 125 150 175
(Shawmut AJT) has become an increasingly popular choice. The 115V-CC-ATDR
AJT provides a higher degree of current limitation than the RK1. 1/8 4.4 8 - 15 17-1/2
More important, the AJT is approximately half the 1/4 5.8 12 - 20 20
physical size of the Class RK5 and RK1 fuses. 1/3 7.2 15 - 25 25
1/2 9.8 20 - 30 -
What Ampere Rating? 3/4 13.8 30 - - -
The selection of fuse ampere rating is a matter of experience and 230V-RK5-TR (Tri-onic)
personal preference. Some prefer to size time delay fuses at 1/6 2.2 2-1/2 2-8/10 3-1/2 4
125% of motor full load amperes. This sizing will provide a 1/4 2.9 3-2/10 3-1/2 4-1/2 5.6
degree of overload protection for motors with a service factor of 1/3 3.6 4 4-1/2 5-6/10 7
1.15. Sizing fuses at 125% of motor nameplate amperes in some 1/2 4.9 5-6/10 6-1/4 7 9
applications may result in nuisance fuse openings. Time delay 3/4 6.9 8 9 10 15
fuses sized at 125% may open at motor locked rotor current 1 8 9 10 12 15
1-1/2 10 10 12 15 17-1/2
before some NEMA Class 20 overload relays operate. Nuisance 2 12 12 15 17-1/2 25
fuse openings may result if Class RK1 or Class J fuses are sized 3 17 17-1/2 20 25 30
at 125% of motor full load current. These fuses are more current 5 28 30 35 40 50
limiting than the RK5 and have less short time current carrying 7-1/2 40 45 50 60 70
capability. 10 50 60 60 75 90
230V-CC-ATDR
Sizing time delay fuses between 125% and 150% of motor full 1/8 2.2 4 - 7 8
load current provides advantages. The fuse will coordinate with 1/4 2.9 6 - 9 10
NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Nuisance fuse opening will 1/3 3.6 7 - 12 15
virtually be eliminated and effective short circuit protection will 1/2 4.9 10 - 15 17-1/2
be maintained. 3/4 6.9 15 - 20 25
1 8 17-1/2 - 25 30
1-1/2 10 20 - 30 -
Protecting IEC Style Motor Starters 2 12 25 - - -
The new IEC European style motor starters and contactors are
becoming increasingly popular but they present different problems
Minimum - Largest fuse rating which will provide both overload and short
in protection. These devices represent substantial savings in circuit protection per the code. Choosing this fuse rating eliminates the
space and cost but they have a lower withstand capability than need for an overload relay. Nuisance fuse opening may occur if motor is
their NEMA counterparts. used with repetative cycle loads.

In order to achieve the same level of protection for IEC style Typical - Suggested rating when fuse is used in conjunction with an
overload relay. Fuse sized near 150% of motor full load current.
devices that we expect for NEMA devices, the AJT Class J Time
Delay fuse is the best choice, sized at 1.25 to 1.50 times motor Heavy Load - In accordance with Table 2. If this fuse is not sufficient to
full load amperes. Also, the AJT has the advantage of being half start the load, it may be increased to a maximum of 225% of full-load
the size of RK5 and RK1 fuses and thereby fits the trim IEC package. amperes. This column should be used for Design E and high efficiency
Design B motor fuse sizing.

L8
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES FOR MOTOR PROTECTION (Continued)

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

RECOMMENDED FUSE AMPERE RATING
FULL MOTOR ACCELERATION TIMES
MOTOR LOAD MINIMUM TYPICAL HEAVY LOAD MINIMUM TYPICAL HEAVY LOAD MINIMUM TYPICAL HEAVY LOAD
HP AMPERES 2 SECS. 5 SECS. OVER 5 SECS. 2 SECS. 5 SECS. OVER 5 SECS. 2 SECS. 5 SECS. OVER 5 SECS.
208V RK5–TR (Tri-onic®)/RK1–A2D J–AJT UL CLASS CC ATDR
1/2 2.4 3 3-1/2 4-1/2 3 3-1/2 4-1/2 5 8 10
3/4 3.5 4-1/2 5 6-1/4 4-1/2 5 6-1/4 7 10 15
1 4.6 6 7 9 6 7 9 10 15 17-1/2
1-1/2 6.6 8 10 12 8 10 12 15 20 25
2 7.5 9 10 15 9 10 15 17-1/2 20 30
3 10.6 15 15 20 15 15 20 25 30 -
5 16.8 20 25 30 20 25 30 - - -
7-1/2 24.2 30 35 45 30 35 45 - - -
10 30.8 40 45 60 40 45 60 - - -
15 46.2 60 70 90 60 70 90 - - -
20 60 75 90 110 75 90 110 - - -
25 75 90 110 150 90 110 150 - - -
30 88 110 150 175 110 150 175 - - -
40 114 150 175 200 150 175 200 - - -
50 143 175 225 300 175 225 300 - - -
60 169 200 250 300 200 250 300 - - -
75 211 250 350 400 250 350 400 - - -
100 273 350 400 500 350 400 500 - - -
125 343 450 500 600 450 500 600 - - -
150 396 500 600 - 500 600 - - - -
230V RK5–TR (Tri-onic® )/RK1–A2D J–AJT UL CLASS CC ATDR
1/2 2.2 2-8/10 3-1/2 4 3 3-1/2 4 5 7 9
3/4 3.2 4 5 6 4 5 6 8 10 12
1 4.2 5 6-1/4 8 5 6-1/4 8 10 12 15
1-1/2 6 8 9 12 8 9 12 15 17-1/2 25
2 6.8 8 10 12 8 10 12 17-1/2 20 25
3 9.6 12 15 17-1/2 12 15 17-1/2 20 30 -
5 15.2 20 25 30 20 25 30 - - -
7-1/2 22 30 35 40 30 35 40 - - -
10 28 35 40 50 35 40 50 - - -
15 42 50 60 80 50 60 80 - - -
20 54 70 80 100 70 80 100 - - -
25 68 80 100 125 80 100 125 - - -
30 80 100 125 150 100 125 150 - - -
40 104 125 150 200 125 150 200 - - -
50 130 175 200 250 175 200 250 - - -
60 154 200 225 300 200 225 300 - - -
75 192 250 300 350 250 300 350 - - -
100
125
150
248
312
360
300
400
450
350
450
500
450
600
600
300
400
450
350
450
500
450
600
600
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
200 480 600 - - 600 - - - - -

Minimum - Fuses are sized near 125% of motor load current. This sizing is not recommended if motor acceleration time exceeds 2 seconds. Minimum
sizing will provide close overload relay back-up protection but may not coordinate with some NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Also, for RK1 and J fuses,
minimum sizing may not be heavy enough for motors with code letter G or higher.
Typical - Suggested for most applications. Will coordinate with NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Suitable for motor acceleration times up to 5 seconds.
Heavy Load - In accordance with Table 2. If this fuse is not sufficient to start the load, it may be increased to a maximum of 225% of full-load
amperes. This column should be used for Design E and high efficiency Design B motor fuse sizing.

L9
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES FOR MOTOR PROTECTION (Continued)

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

Minimum - Fuses are sized near 125% of motor load current. This sizing is not recommended if motor acceleration time exceeds 2 seconds. Minimum
sizing will provide close overload relay back-up protection but may not coordinate with some NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Also, for RK1 and J fuses,
minimum sizing may not be heavy enough for motors with code letter G or higher.
Typical - Suggested for most applications. Will coordinate with NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Suitable for motor acceleration times up to 5 seconds.
Heavy Load - In accordance with Table 2. If this fuse is not sufficient to start the load, it may be increased to a maximum of 225% of full-load amperes
This column should be used for Design E and high efficiency Design B motor fuse sizing.

L 10
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES FOR MOTOR PROTECTION (Continued)

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

Minimum - Fuses are sized near 125% of motor load current. This sizing is not recommended if motor acceleration time exceeds 2 seconds. Minimum
sizing will provide close overload relay back-up protection but may not coordinate with some NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Also, for RK1 and J fuses,
minimum sizing may not be heavy enough for motors with code letter G or higher.
Typical - Suggested for most applications. Will coordinate with NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Suitable for motor acceleration times up to 5 seconds.
Heavy Load - In accordance with Table 2. If this fuse is not sufficient to start the load, it may be increased to a maximum of 225% of full-load amperes
This column should be used for Design E and high efficiency Design B motor fuse sizing.

L 11
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LOW VOLTAGE FUSES FOR MOTOR PROTECTION (Continued)

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

400 382 -- 601 700

500 472 -- 700 1000

Minimum - Fuses are sized near 125% of motor load current. This sizing is not recommended if motor acceleration time exceeds 2 seconds. Minimum
sizing will provide close overload relay back-up protection but may not coordinate with some NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Also, for RK1 and J fuses,
minimum sizing may not be heavy enough for motors with code letter G or higher.
Typical - Suggested for most applications. Will coordinate with NEMA Class 20 overload relays. Suitable for motor acceleration times up to 5 seconds.
Heavy Load - In accordance with Table 2. If this fuse is not sufficient to start the load, it may be increased to a maximum of 225% of full-load amperes
This column should be used for Design E and high efficiency Design B motor fuse sizing.

L 12
APPLICATION INFORMATION
MEDIUM VOLTAGE MOTOR PROTECTION Fuse/Overload Relay Crossover Point
Fuse Application Guidelines
The guidelines for applying R-rated fuses are significantly differ-
ent from those applying to low voltage motor fuses. This is
because R-rated fuses are special purpose devices which are
intended to provide short circuit protection only for medium volt-
age starters and motors.

TIME
An R-rated fuse is not designed to protect itself or other circuit
components during long term overloads. This is why these fuses
are given an R rating, and not an ampere rating. An R-rated fuse will
safely interrupt any current between its minimum interrupting rating
and its maximum interrupting rating. The minimum interrupting
rating is verified during UL tests for UL component recognition.
CURRENT
R-rated fuses must be applied in combination with an overload
relay and a contactor. The time current characteristics of the fuse
and overload relay should be matched so that the contactor inter- where B ≥ 1.2 x locked rotor amperes
rupts currents below the fuse’s minimum interrupting rating
while the fuse interrupts fault currents, thus easing duty on the
contactor and extending the interrupting ability of the controller.
Motor Full Load Currents for R-Rated Fuses*
A medium voltage starter is usually engineered for a specific MAX. MOTOR FULL-LOAD CURRENT
motor and application. For this reason the starter manufacturer FUSE FOR FULL VOLTAGE START - AMPERES
generally selects the proper fuse R rating and provides the fuses R RATING 10 sec. start 3 sec. start
as part of the starter package. Unless the user has good reason,
no deviation should be made from the R rating recommended by 2R 28 32
the starter manufacturer. If the user has an existing starter which 3R 40 45
is to be applied to a new or different motor, the application 4R 55 65
should be reviewed with the starter manufacturer. Recalibration of 6R 80 95
the overload relay(s) or fuses of a different R rating may be 9R 125 140
required. 12R 165 190
18R 250 280
Properly sized R-rated fuses should provide a service life approach- 24R 330 360
ing that of the contactor. If fuse openings are experienced with no 36R 500 550
faults present, the fuses, overload relay or both may be improperly
sized. The table in this section is offered as a guideline and shows *Note: Always round up to the next larger R rating.
the maximum motor full load current appropriate for a given R rating.
In addition to this table it is advisable to compare the fuse minimum
melt time-current curve and the nominal time-current characteristic
curve for the overload relay. These curves should intersect at (B) no
less than 120% of motor locked rotor current (see figure). This will
assure that the contactor will open before the fuse during locked
rotor conditions.

The 10 or 3 Second Start

L
The 10 or 3 Second Start listed in the table is a start during
which the motor accelerates from standstill to rated speed in 10
(or 3) seconds or less. For reduced voltage starting, motor start-
ing current should not exceed 75% of the fuse minimum melt
current for the required motor acceleration time.

Consult the factory for application assistance for ratings

above 36R.

L 13
APPLICATION INFORMATION
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION Secondary Fuses
Selecting fuses for the secondary is simple once rated secondary
The National Electrical Code and the Canadian Electrical Code current is known. Fuses are sized at 125% secondary FLA or next
cover overcurrent protection of transformers. Some of the higher rating or at maximum 167% of secondary FLA depending
requirements in this article are summarized here. on secondary current. The preferred sizing is 125% of rated
secondary current Isec) or next higher fuse rating. To determine
Transformers - Primary 600 Volts or Less Isec, first determine transformer rating (VA or kVA), secondary
If secondary fuse protection is not provided, primary fuses are to voltage (Vsec) and use formula’s below.
be selected according to Table 1. If both primary and secondary 1. Single Phase : Isec = Transformer VA
fuses are used, they are to be selected according to Table 2. Vsec
or Transformer kVA x 1000
Table 1- Primary Fuse Only Vsec
2. Three Phase : Isec = Transformer VA
TRANSFORMER 1.73 x Vsec
PRIMARY MAXIMUM PRIMARY
AMPERES FUSE % RATING or Transformer kVA x 1000
1.73 x Vsec
9 or more 125*
2 to less than 9 167 When Isec is determined, multiply it by 1.25 and choose that
less than 2 300 fuse rating or next higher rating. [ Isec x 1.25 = Fuse Rating ]

Table 2- Primary & Secondary Fuses Transformers - Primary Over 600 Volts
If In unsupervised locations, fuses are to be selected according
TRANSFORMER MAXIMUM % RATING to Table 3. Where the required fuse rating does not correspond to
SECONDARY a standard ampere rating, the next higher standard rating shall be
AMPERES PRIMARY FUSE SECONDARY FUSE permitted. In supervised locations,fuses are to be selected
according to Table 4.
9 or more 250 125*
less than 9 250 167

* If 125% does not correspond to a standard ampere rating, the next higher stan-
dard rating shall be permitted.
Table 3- Unsupervised Locations
Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Currents MAXIMUM % RATING
TRANSFORMER
When voltage is switched on to energize a transformer, the trans- SECONDARY FUSE
RATED % PRIMARY
former core normally saturates. This results in a large inrush cur- IMPEDANCE FUSE OVER 600V 600V or LESS
rent which is greatest during the first half cycle (approximately
.01 second) and becomes progressively less severe over the next 6 or less 300* 250* 125*
several cycles (approximately .1 second) until the transformer More than 6 &
not more than 10 300* 225* 125*
reaches its normal magnetizing current.

To accommodate this inrush current, fuses are often selected

which have time-current withstand values of at least 12 times Table 4- Supervised Locations
transformer primary rated current for .1 second and 25 times for
.01 second. Recommended primary fuses for popular, low-volt- MAXIMUM % RATING
age 3-phase transformers are shown on the next page. Some TRANSFORMER
RATED % PRIMARY SECONDARY FUSE
small dry-type transformers may have substantially greater inrush IMPEDANCE FUSE OVER 600V 600V or LESS
currents. For these applications, the fuse may have to be select-
ed to withstand 45 times transformer primary rated current for All 250 - -
.01 second. 6 or less 300 250 250
More than 6 &
not more than 10 300 225 250

* Where fuse sizes doe not correspond to a standard ampere rating, the next
higher standard rating shall be permitted.

L 14
APPLICATION INFORMATION
PRIMARY FUSES FOR THREE PHASE LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

Recommended Primary Fuses for 240 Volt, Three Phase Transformers

240 VOLT PRIMARY
PRIMARY PRIMARY FUSE RATING
TRANSFORMER FULL LOAD AJT* or
RATING KVA AMPS TR-R A2D-R* A4BT* A4BY* A4BQ*
3 7.2 9 15 - - -
5 12 15 25 - - -
7-1/2 18 25 40 - - -
9 22 30 45 - - -
15 36 45 60 - - -
30 72 90 150 - - -
45 108 150 225 - - -
75 180 225 400 - - -
100 241 300 450 - - -
112-1/2 271 350 500 - - -
150 361 450 600 - - -
225 541 600 - 800 900 1200
300 722 - - 1200 1200 1600
500 1203 - - 1800 2000 2500
750 1804 - - - 3000 4000
1000 2406 - - - 5000 5000
1500 3608 - - - 6000 -

Recommended Primary Fuses for 480 & 600 Volt, Three Phase Transformers
480 VOLT PRIMARY 600 VOLT PRIMARY
PRIMARY PRIMARY FUSE RATING PRIMARY PRIMARY FUSE RATING
TRANSFORMER FULL LOAD AJT* or FULL LOAD AJT* or
RATING KVA AMPS TRS-R A6D-R* A4BT* A4BY* A4BQ* AMPS TRS-R A6D-R* A4BT* A4BY* A4BQ*
3 3.6 4-1/2 6 - - - 2.9 4 5 - - -
5 6.0 8 12 - - - 4.8 6 10 - - -
7-1/2 9.0 12 15 - - - 7.2 9 15 - - -
9 11 15 25 - - - 9.0 12 17-1/2 - - -
15 18 25 35 - - - 14 20 25 - - -
30 36 45 60 - - - 29 35 45 - - -
45 54 70 100 - - - 43 60 80 - - -
75 90 125 175 - - - 72 90 150 - - -
100 120 150 225 - - - 96 125 200 - - -
112-1/2 135 175 300 - - - 108 150 225 - - -
150 180 225 400 - - - 144 200 300 - - -
225 271 350 500 - - - 217 300 450 - - -
300 361 450 600 - - - 289 350 500 - - -
500 601 - - 1000 1000 1200 481 600 - 700 900 1000
750 902 - - 1400 1600 2000 722 - - 1200 1400 1600
1000
1500
2000
1203
1804
2406
-
-
-
-
-
-
1800
-
-
2000
3000
4000
2500
4000
5000
962
1443
1925
-
-
-
-
-
-
1600
2000
-
1800
2500
4000
2000
3000
4000
L
2500 3007 - - - 5000 6000 2406 - - - 5000 5000

*When using these fuses, the secondary of the transformer must be fused to comply with the Code.

L 15
APPLICATION INFORMATION
E-RATED PRIMARY FUSES FOR THREE PHASE POWER TRANSFORMERS

Primary Fuse Ratings - 2400, 4160, 4800 Volts

PRIMARY FUSE RATING1
2400V (A055) 4160V (A055) 4800V (A055)
TRANSFORMER FULL FULL FULL
RATING LOAD LOAD LOAD
KVA2 AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133%
112-1/2 27 30E 40E 16 20E 20E 14 20E 20E
150 36 40E 50E 21 25E 30E 18 20E 25E
225 54 65E 80E 31 40E 40E 27 30E 40E
300 72 80E 100E 42 50E 65E 36 40E 50E
500 120 125E 200E 69 80E 100E 60 65E 80E
750 180 200E 250E 104 125E 150E 90 100E 125E
1000 241 250E 400E 139 150E 200E 120 125E 200E
1500 361 400E 500E 208 250E 300E 180 200E 250E
2000 482 600E - 278 300E 400E 241 250E 400E
2500 602 - - 348 400E 500E 301 350E 400E
3000 722 - - 416 450E 600E 361 400E 500E
3750 902 - - 520 600E 750E 451 500E 600E
5000 1203 - - 694 750E - 601 750E 900E

Primary Fuse Ratings - 6900, 7200, 8320 Volts

PRIMARY FUSE RATING1
6900V* (A825X)* 7200V* (A825X)* 8320 (A155)
TRANSFORMER FULL FULL FULL
RATING LOAD LOAD LOAD
KVA2 AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133%

112-1/2 9 - - 9 - - 7.8 10E 10E

150 12 - 20E 12 - 20E 10.4 15E 15E
225 19 25E 25E 18 20E 25E 15.6 20E 20E
300 25 30E 40E 24 30E 40E 20.8 25E 30E
500 42 50E 65E 40 50E 65E 34.7 40E 50E
750 63 80E 100E 60 65E 80E 52 65E 80E
1000 84 100E 125E 80 100E 125E 69.4 80E 100E
1500 126 150E 200E 120 125E 200E 104 125E 150E
2000 167 200E - 160 200E 200E 139 150E 200E
2500 209 - - 201 - - 173 200E -
3000 251 - - 241 - - 208 - -

1 Minimum fuse size shown will carry transformer magnetizing inrush current of 12 times full load amperes for .1 second.
133% fuse size permits continuous operation of transformer at 133% of its self cooled KVA rating.
2 The self-cooled rating of the transformer. (If a forced-air cooled KVA rating is given, use that rating to size the fuse and be sure the fuse will carry the higher load current.)

Recommended Fuses
Ferraz Shawmut CS-3: 5KV-A055F, 8KV-A825X*, 15KV-A155F, CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15KV-A155C
* Consult factory for technical information.
Examples:
1. A new installation has a 300KVA transformer with 4160V 2. What is the normal fuse size recommended for a 1000KVA
primary. It is not fully loaded. What is minimum size primary transformer with 832OV primary?
fuse recommended?
8320V
4160V Source
Source
Unless special conditions are noted, the 133% primary fuse
A 50E rating (Ferraz Shawmut A055F1DORO-50E or equivalent) rating is correct. For this application use a 100E rating
is correct. Lower ratings may open when transformer is energized. A155F2DORO-100E or equivalent which will allow normal
overload operations of transformer up to 133% of rating.

L 16
APPLICATION INFORMATION
E-RATED PRIMARY FUSES FOR THREE PHASE POWER TRANSFORMERS (Continued)

Primary Fuse Ratings - 12,000, 12,470, 13,200 Volts

PRIMARY FUSE RATING1
12,000V (A155) 12,470V (A155) 13,200V (A155)
TRANSFORMER FULL FULL FULL
RATING LOAD LOAD LOAD
KVA2 AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133%

112-1/2 5.4 10E 10E 5.2 10E 10E 4.9 10E 10E
150 7.0 10E 10E 7.0 10E 10E 6.6 10E 10E
225 10.8 15E 15E 10.4 15E 15E 9.8 15E 15E
300 14.4 20E 20E 14 15E 20E 13 15E 20E
500 24 30E 40E 23 25E 30E 22 25E 30E
750 36 40E 50E 35 40E 50E 33 40E 50E
1000 48 65E 65E 46 50E 65E 44 50E 65E
1500 72 80E 100E 70 80E 100E 66 80E 100E
2000 96 125E 150E 92 100E 125E 88 100E 125E
2500 120 125E 200E 116 125E 200E 109 125E 150E
3000 144 150E 200E 139 150E 200E 131 150E 200E

Primary Fuse Ratings -13,800, 14,400 Volts

PRIMARY FUSE RATING1
13,800V (A155) 14,400V (A155)
TRANSFORMER FULL FULL
RATING LOAD LOAD
KVA2 AMPERES MIN. 133% AMPERES MIN. 133%
112-1/2 4.7 10E 10E 4.5 10E 10E
150 6.2 10E 10E 6.0 10E 10E
225 9.4 15E 15E 9.0 10E 15E
300 12.6 15E 20E 12 15E 20E
500 21 25E 30E 20 25E 30E
750 32 40E 50E 30 40E 40E
1000 42 50E 65E 40 50E 65E
1500 63 80E 100E 60 65E 80E
2000 84 100E 125E 80 100E 125E
2500 105 125E 150E 100 125E 150E
3000 125 150E 200E 120 150E 200E

Recommended Fuses
Ferraz Shawmut CS-3: 5KV-A055F, 15KV-A155F, CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15KV-A155C
L
Maximum Fuse Size
The Code allows primary fuses to be sized up to 250% of transformer primary current rating. Sizing this large may not provide adequate
protection. Maximum fuse size should determined by making sure the fuse total clearing curve does not exceed transformer damage curve.
The transformer manufacturer should be consulted to determine transformer overload and short circuit withstand capability.

L 17
APPLICATION INFORMATION
CONTROL CIRCUIT TRANSFORMERS inrush. We recommend that fuses be selected to withstand 40 x
FLA for .01 sec. and to stay within the NEC guidelines specified
Control circuit transformers used as part of a motor control above.
circuit are to be protected as outlined in Tables 1 & 2 (p. AP13)
with one important exception. Primary fuses may be sized up to For example: 300VA Transformer, 600 V primary.
500% of transformer rated primary current if the rated primary
current is less than 2 amperes. Ipri = Transformer VA = 300 = 1/2A = FLA
Primary V 600
When a control circuit transformer is energized,the typical magne-
tizing inrush will be 25-40 times rated primary full load current The fuse time-current curve must lie to the right to the point
(FLA) for the first 1/2 cycle and dissipates to rated current in a 40 x (1/2A) = 20A @ .01 sec.
few cycles. Fuses must be sized so they do not open during this
Recommended Primary Fuses for Single Phase Control Transformers
600 VOLT PRIMARY 480 VOLT PRIMARY
TRANS
FLA ATQR ATMR A6D-R+ AJT+ TRS-R FLA ATQR ATMR A6D-R+ AJT+ TRS-R
VA
25 .042 1/10 2/10 2/10 - 1/10 .052 1/10 1/4 1/4 - 1/10
50 .083 1/4 3/10* 4/10 - 2/10 .104 1/4 1/2* 1/2 - 2/10
75 .125 1/4 1/2* 6/10 - 2/10 .156 3/10 3/4* 6/10 - 2/10
100 .167 3/10 3/4* 8/10 - 3/10 .208 4/10 1 1 1 3/10
130 .22 4/10 1 1-1/4 1-1/4 4/10 .27 1/2 1 1-4/10 1-1/2 4/10
150 .25 1/2 1* 1-1/4 1 4/10 .313 1/2 1-1/2 1-4/10 1-1/2 4/10
200 .33 1/2 1-1/2 1-6/10 1-1/2 6/10 .417 6/10 2 2 2 6/10
250 .42 6/10 2 2 2 6/10 .52 8/10 2 2-1/2 2-1/2 6/10
300 .50 1 2 2-1/2 2 8/10 .62 1-1/2 3 3 3 8/10
350 .583 1-1/4 2 2-8/10 2 1 .73 1-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 1
500 .833 1-1/2 4 4 4 1-1/4 1.04 2 5 4 4 1-4/10
750 1.25 2-1/2 6 4 4 1-6/10 l.56 3 7 5 5 2
1000 1.67 3 8 5 5 2-1/4 2.08 4+ - 5 5 3
1500 2.5 5+ - 6 6 4 3.125 7+ - 6-1/4 6-1/4 4
2000 3.33 8+ - 8 8 5 4.17 10+ - 7 7 5
3000 5.00 12+ - 12 12* 8 6.25 15+* - 15* 15 8
5000 8.33 20+ - 20* 20** 12 10.4 25+** - 25* 25* 15
7500 12.5 30+ - 30* 30* 17-1/2 15.6 - - 35** 35** 20
10000 16.7 - - 40* 40* 25 20.8 - - 50** 50** 30
240 VOLT PRIMARY 120 VOLT PRIMARY
25 .104 2/10 1/2 1/2 - 2/10 .21 4/10 1 1 1 3/10
50 .21 4/10 1 1 1 3/10 .42 6/10 2 2 2 6/10
75 .31 1/2 1-1/2 1-4/10 1-1/2 4/10 .6 1 3 3 3 8/10
100 .42 6/10 2 2 2 6/10 .83 1-1/2 4 4 4 1
130 .54 1 2-1/2 2-1/2 2-1/2 8/10 1.08 2-1/2 5 4 4 1-6/10
150 .625 1 3 3 3 8/10 1.25 2-1/2 6 4 4 1-6/10
200 .83 1-1/2 4 3-1/2 3-1/2 1 1.67 3+ 8 5 5 2-1/4
250 1.04 2 5 4 4 1-4/10 2.08 4+ - 5 5 2-8/10
300 1.25 2-1/2 6 4 4 1-6/10 2.5 5+ - 6 6 3-2/10
350 1.46 3 7 5 5 2 2.92 7+ - 6 6 4
500 2.08 4+ - 5 5 2-8/10 4.17 10+ - 10 6 5.6
750 3.13 7+ - 6-1/4 6-1/4 4 6.25 15+ - 15** 15 8
1000 4.2 10+ - 7 7 5-6/10 8.33 20+ - 20** 20* 12
1500 6.25 15+ 15 15 8 12.5 30+ - 30 30 15
2000 8.3 20+ - 20** 20** 12 16.7 - - 40** 40 25
3000 12.5 30+ - 30** 30** 15 25 - - 60** 60* 35
5000 20.8 - - 50** 50* 25 41.7 - - 100** 100** 60
7500 31.3 - - 70** 70** 40 62.5 - - 150** 150** 90
10000 41.7 - - 100** 100** 60 83.3 - - 200** 200** 125

The above fuses will withstand 40 x FLA for .01 second except where noted.
+ Secondary fusing required. * Fuse will withstand 30 x FLA for .01 second. ** Fuse will withstand 35 x FLA for .01 second.

L 18
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SEMICONDUCTOR PROTECTION Solid state devices have relatively short thermal time constants.
An overcurrent which may not harm an electro-mechanical
Solid State devices have progressed through several generations device can cause catastrophic failure of a solid state device.
of sophistication since their introduction in the 1940s. Fuse
designs have changed to match solid state protection demands. Many solid state devices have an overcurrent withstand rating
which is termed “I2t for fusing”. These values are found in most
The protection task looks simple- choose a fuse of correct volt- power semiconductor application handbooks.
age and ampere rating which will protect a solid state device
(diode, silicon-controlled rectifier, triac, etc.) through a wide Fuses intended for solid state device protection are rated in
range of overcurrents, yet carry normal rated loads without dete- terms of total clearing I2t.. Fuses and devices are matched so that
rioration through a long life. the total clearing I2t of the fuse is less than the withstand I2t for
the device.
Solid state power devices operate at high current densities.
Cooling is a prime consideration. The fuse should be cooled with The published fuse total clearing I2t values are derived from
the solid state device. Cycling conditions must be considered. short-circuit test oscillograms of the fuse under controlled
The ability of solid state devices to switch high currents at high conditions. The end application can vary significantly from the
speed subjects fuses to thermal and mechanical stresses. Proper tested conditions. The specifier must take these differences into
fuse selection is mandatory for long-term reliability. account since they will affect fuse clearing I2t.
For application guidelines, request the Ferraz Shawmut publication titled Power Semiconductor Fuse Application Guide,
and the software program, Select a Fuse for Power Electronics.
DC CIRCUIT PROTECTION Graph A- Current as a Function of Time During
AC applications are more common than DC. this is why fuses a DC Short Circuit
are generally designed, tested and rated for AC. Fuses rated for
AC are also capable to DC circuit interruption. The key question
is how much DC voltage interrupting capability does an AC rated
fuse have? There is no safe rule of thumb that will convert AC
voltage rating to a DC voltage rating. Testing is required to
determine the DC voltage rating of a fuse, and Technical Services
must be consulted.

DC Circuit Parameters
The degree of difficulty of interrupting a DC circuit is a function Time Constants (n)
of the voltage, current and circuit time constant. The higher the
voltage and time constant, the more difficult the interruption is Instantaneous Current (I inst) = Isc [I - e-n]
for the fuse.
Time constant is defined as t = L/R where:
t is time constant in seconds
RMS Current (l rms) = Isc √1 + 2e-n -2n
- e - 1.5
2n
n n
L is inductance in henrys
R is resistance in ohms Where Isc = short circuit current, n = number of time constants

Example.
If rated voltage is applied, 63% of rated current will be reached
Given: Voltage = 600VDC
in one time constant.
Circuit Resistance (R) = 0.1 ohm
DC Short Circuit
Graph A shows the relationship of current as a function of time
Circuit Inductance (L) = 1.0 x 10-3 henry

Isc = 600 Volts = 6000 Amperes

L
during a DC short circuit. 0.1 ohm
-3
t (time constant) = L/R = 1.0 x 10 henry = .01 second
0.1 ohm
In the example, if a short circuit occurs, the instantaneous cur-
rent will rise to .63 x 6000 = 3780 amperes in .01 second (one
time constant). In .05 second (5 time constants) the short-circuit
current will reach its ultimate value of 6000 amperes.

L 19
APPLICATION INFORMATION
DC CIRCUIT PROTECTION (Continued) protection of trailing cables in mines. UL198M is equivalent to
the requirements of MSHA, which are administered by the United
Typical Time Constants States Department of Labor. The MSHA requirements for approval
The time constant of a circuit is a function of the resistance and of DC rated fuses are specified in the Code of Federal
inductance of the components in the circuit. Here are typical Regulations, Title 30, Part 28.
time constants associated with the different DC voltage sources:
Table 1 shows the voltage ratings and time constants associated
Less than 10 milliseconds Battery supply of capacitor bank with these standards.
Less than 25 milliseconds Bridge circuit
10 to 40 milliseconds Armature circuit of DC motor Ferraz Shawmut fuses which have been tested and rated for DC
1 second* Field winding of DC motor by third party certification agencies are shown in Table 2 and
* Where time constants exceed 100 milliseconds, we do not Table 3. The Ferraz Shawmut Applications Engineering
recommend the use of fuses. A fuse can be used to interrupt Department should be contacted for assistance with applications
short circuits in these cases, but only under conditions where not served by these products.
the inductance (load) is effectively by-passed.

Maximum parallel conductor inductance can be assumed to be less Table 1- DC Parameters of UL and MSHA Standards
than .5 x 10–6 henry per foot of conductor. Graph B approximates
conductor inductance based on conductor size and spacing. STANDARD VOLTAGE TIME CONSTANT TEST CURRENT

UL248 Up to 600V DC .01 second 10kA or higher

Conductor End Views

MSHA & 300 or 600V DC .016 second 10kA or higher

UL198M .008 second 1kA to 9.99kA
.006 second 100A to 999A
.002 second Less than 100A

Table 2- DC Ratings of General Purpose Shawmut Fuses

FUSE FUSE AMPERE DC INTERRUPTING LISTING OR
RATING VOLTAGE RATING APPROVAL

Graph B- Conductor Inductance ATM 0 to 30A 500V 100kA UL 248-14

TRS-RDC 35 to 400A 600V 20kA MSHA
A4BQ 601 to 3000A 500V 100kA UL 248-10
TRS-R 0 to 12A 600V 20kA UL 248-12
TRS-R 15 to 60A 300V 20kA UL 248-12
Inductance TRS-R 70 to 600A 600V 100kA UL 248-12
(10-6 Henrys per ft.) AJT 1 TO 600 500V 100kA UL 248-8
A3T 1 to 1200 160V 50kA UL 248-15
A6T 1 TO 800 300V 100kA UL 248-15
ATDR 1/4 TO 30 300V 100KA UL 248-4

Table 3-DC Voltage Ratings of Component

f (from Formula)
Recognized Shawmut Fuses*
CATALOG FUSE AMPERE DC INTERRUPTING
Third Party Approval/Listing NUMBER RATING VOLTAGE RATING
Underwriters Laboratories and the Mine Safety and Health A13X 70 TO 2000A 100V 10kA
Administration (MSHA) are third party organizations which test A50P 35 TO 800 A 450V 79kA
and list or approve fuses for DC application, respectively. A50QS 70 TO 600A 500V 87kA
A70P 10 TO 800A 650V 100kA
A7OQ 35 TO 600A 650V 100kA
Two UL standards exist for the DC rating of fuses. UL 248, entitled A2Y Type 1 1 TO 60A 500V 100kA
Low Voltage Fuses which provides for both AC and DC rating of A2Y Type 3 70 TO 600A 500V 100kA
A5Y, A6Y Types 1, 11 1 to 60A 500V 100kA
UL class fuses in accordance with the Code. The previous A5Y, A6Y, Types 3, 21 70 TO 600A 500V 100kA
standard U/L 198L has been absorbed into U/L 24B. UL 198M, A60Q 5-40A 600V 100KA
entitled Mine-Duty Fuses addresses the DC rating of Class R and A7OQS 35-800 700V 100KA
Class K fuses intended for the short circuit. *UL Recognized Components complying with UL198L DC requirements.
L 20
APPLICATION INFORMATION
LET-THRU CURRENT AND I2t
Current limitation is one of the important benefits provided by
modern fuses. Current-limiting fuses are capable of isolating a
faulted circuit before the fault current has sufficient time to reach
its maximum value. This current-limiting action provides several
benefits:
- It limits thermal and mechanical stresses created by the
fault currents.
- It reduces the magnitude and duration of the system
voltage drop caused by fault currents.
- Current-limiting fuses can be precisely and easily
coordinated under even short circuit conditions to minimize
unnecessary service interruption.

Peak let-thru current (lp) and I2t are two measures of the degree
of current limitation provided by a fuse. Maximum allowable lp
and I2t values are specified in UL standards for all UL listed
current-limiting fuses, and are available on all
semiconductor fuses. Figure 3 illustrates the use of the peak let-thru current graph.
Assume that a 200 ampere Class J fuse (#AJT200) is to be
applied where the available fault current is 35,000 amperes
RMS. The graph shows that with 35,000 amperes RMS available,
the peak available current is 80,500 amperes (35,000 x 2.3) and
that the fuse will limit the peak let-thru current to 12,000
amperes.
Current
Why is the peak available current is 2.3 times greater than the
RMS available current. In theory the peak available fault current
can be anywhere from 1.414 x (RMS available) to 2.828 x (RMS
available) in a circuit where the impedance is all reactance with
no resistance. In reality all circuits include some resistance and
Time
the 2.3 multiplier has been chosen as a practical limit.
Let-Thru Current
Let-thru current is that current passed by a fuse while the fuse is
interrupting a fault within the fuse’s current-limiting range. Figure
1 illustrates this. Let-thru current is expressed as a peak instanta-
neous value (lp).

Ip
Ip data is generally presented in the form of a graph. Let’s review
the key information provided by a peak let-thru graph. Figure 2
shows the important components.

(1) The X-axis is labeled “Available Fault Current” in RMS

(2)
symmetrical amperes.
The Y-axis is labeled as “Instantaneous Peak Let-Thru
L
Current” in amperes.
(3) The line labeled “Maximum Peak Current Circuit Can
Produce” gives the worst case peak current possible
with no fuse in the circuit.
(4) the fuse characteristic line is a plot of the peak let-thru
currents which are passed by a given fuse at various
available fault currents.

L 21
APPLICATION INFORMATION
2
LET-THRU CURRENT AND I t (Continued) FUSE LET-THRU TABLES
2
Ip versus I t Apparent RMS Symmetrical Let-Thru Current
Ip has a rather limited application usefulness. Two fuses can Although the current-limiting characteristics of current-limiting
have the same Ip but different total clearing times. See Figure 4. fuses are represented in Peak Let-Thru charts, an increasingly
easy to use method of presenting this data uses Peak Let-Thru
tables. The tables are based on Peak Let-Thru charts and reflect
fuse tests at 15% power factor at rated voltage with prospective
fault currents as high as 200,000 amperes. At each prospective fault
current, let-thru data is given in two forms for an individual fuse -
lrms and lp. Where lrms is the “Apparent RMS Symmetrical
Current” and lp is the maximum peak instantaneous current passed
by the fuse, the lp let-thru current is 2.3 times lrms. This relation-
ship exists between peak current and RMS available current under
o
worst-case test conditions (i.e. closing angle of 0 at 15% power
factor).

The fuse that clears in time A will provide better component Let-thru tables are easier to read than let-thru charts. Presenting
protection than will the fuse that clears in time B. let-thru data in table versus chart format reduces the possibility
of misreading the information and saves time. These tables are
Fuse clearing I2t takes into account Ip and total clearing time. also helpful when comparing the current-limiting capability of
Fuse clearing I2t values are derived from oscillograms of fuses various fuses.
tested within their current-limiting range and are calculated as
follows:

The “t” in the equation is the total clearing time for the fuse.
To be proper, I2t should be written as (IRMS)2t. It is generally
understood that the “I” in I2t is really IRMS, and the RMS is
dropped for the sake of brevity.

Note, from Figure 4, since clearing time “B” is approximately

twice clearing time “A”, the resultant I2t for that fuse will be at
least twice the I2t for the fuse with clearing time “A” and its level
of protection will be correspondingly lower.

The I2t passed by a given fuse is dependent upon the characteristics

of the fuse and upon the applied voltage. The I2t passed by a given
fuse will decrease as the application voltage decreases. Unless
stated otherwise, published I2t values are based on AC testing. The
I2t passed by a fuse in a DC application may be higher or lower
than in an AC application. The voltage, available fault current and
time constant of the DC circuit are the determining factors.

Fuse I2t value can be used to determine the level of protection

provided to circuit components under fault current conditions.
Manufacturers of diodes, thyristors, triacs, and cable publish I2t
withstand ratings for their products. The fuse chosen to protect
these products should have a clearing I2t that is lower than the
withstand I2t of the device being protected.

L 22
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE LET-THRU TABLES
Table 1- Class L, A4BQ Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
CIRCUIT
RMS. SYM 601 800 1000 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000 4000 5000 6000
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp Irms lp Irms lp
10,000 7.4 17 8.7 20 10 23 10 23 10 23 10 23 10 23 10 23 10 23 10 23 10 23
15,000 8.3 19 10 23 12 27 13 30 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35
20,000 9.1 21 11 25 13 29 14 33 17 39 20 46 20 46 20 46 20 46 20 46 20 46
25,000 9.8 23 12 27 13 31 15 35 18 42 22 50 25 58 25 58 25 58 25 58 25 58
30,000 10 24 13 29 14 33 16 37 20 45 23 53 29 66 30 69 30 69 30 69 30 69
35,000 11 25 13 30 15 35 17 39 20 47 24 56 30 69 35 81 35 81 35 81 35 81
40,000 12 27 14 32 16 37 18 41 21 49 25 58 31 72 36 83 40 92 40 92 40 92
50,000 13 29 15 34 17 40 19 44 23 53 27 63 34 78 39 89 48 111 50 115 50 115
60,000 13 30 16 36 18 42 20 47 25 57 29 67 36 83 41 94 51 118 60 138 60 138
80,000 14 33 17 40 20 46 23 52 27 62 32 73 40 91 45 104 57 130 67 153 77 176
100,000 16 36 19 43 22 50 24 56 29 67 34 79 43 98 49 112 61 140 72 165 83 190
150,000 18 41 21 49 25 57 28 64 33 77 39 90 49 112 56 128 70 160 82 189 94 217
200,000 20 45 24 54 27 63 31 71 37 84 43 100 53 123 61 141 77 176 90 208 104 239

Table 2 - Class L, A4BY Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
CIRCUIT
RMS. SYM 601 800 1000 1200 1600 2000 2500 3000 4000
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp

15,000 11 24 13 29 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35
20,000 12 26 14 32 16 37 19 43 20 46 20 46 20 46 20 46 20 46
25,000 13 29 15 34 18 40 20 46 24 55 25 58 25 58 25 58 25 58
30,000 13 30 16 36 19 43 21 49 25 58 29 67 30 69 30 69 30 69
35,000 14 32 17 38 20 45 23 52 27 61 30 70 33 76 35 81 35 81
40,000 15 34 17 40 21 47 24 54 28 64 32 73 35 79 37 86 40 92
50,000 16 36 19 43 22 51 25 58 30 68 34 78 37 86 41 95 50 115
60,000 17 38 20 45 24 54 27 62 31 72 37 84 40 91 44 100 53 121
80,000 18 42 22 50 26 59 29 67 35 80 40 92 44 100 48 110 58 133
100,000 20 45 24 54 28 64 32 73 38 87 43 99 47 108 52 119 62 143
150,000 23 52 27 62 32 73 37 84 43 99 49 113 54 123 59 137 73 167
200,000 25 56 29 67 35 80 40 91 48 110 54 123 59 136 65 150 79 181

Table 3 - Class L, A4BT Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 800 1000 1200 1600 2000
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp

15,000 14 33 15 35 15 35 15 35 15 35
20,000
25,000
30,000
16
17
18
36
39
41
18
19
21
41
45
48
20
22
23
46
50
54
20
25
28
46
58
63
20
25
30
46
58
69
L
35,000 19 43 22 50 25 56 29 67 34 79
40,000 20 45 23 52 26 59 30 70 35 81
50,000 21 49 25 56 28 63 33 75 38 87
60,000 23 52 26 60 29 67 35 80 40 93
80,000 25 57 29 66 32 74 38 88 44 102
100,000 27 62 31 71 35 80 41 95 48 110
150,000 31 70 35 81 40 92 47 109 55 126
200,000 34 78 39 89 44 101 52 120 60 139

L 23
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE LET-THRU TABLES (Continued)
Apparent RMS Symmetrical Let-Thru Current

Table 4 - Class RK1, A6K Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 .63 1.4 1.4 3.2 2.0 4.6 3.2 7.4 4.6 11 5.0 11.5
10,000 .80 1.8 1.7 3.9 2.6 6.0 4.0 9.2 5.8 13 7.5 17
15,000 .91 2.1 2.0 4.6 2.9 6.7 4.6 11 6.7 15 8.6 20
20,000 1.0 2.3 2.2 5.1 3.2 7.4 5.0 12 7.4 17 9.5 22
25,000 1.1 2.5 2.4 5.5 3.5 8.1 5.4 12 7.9 18 10 23
30,000 1.2 2.6 2.5 5.8 3.7 8.5 5.8 13 8.4 19 11 25
35,000 1.2 2.8 2.6 6.0 3.9 9.0 6.1 14 8.9 20 11 26
40,000 1.3 2.9 2.8 6.4 4.1 9.4 6.3 14 9.3 21 12 27
50,000 1.4 3.1 3.0 6.9 4.4 10 6.8 16 10 23 13 30
60,000 1.4 3.3 3.2 7.4 4.7 11 7.3 17 11 24 14 32
80,000 1.6 3.7 3.5 8.1 5.1 12 8.0 18 12 27 15 35
100,000 1.7 3.9 3.7 8.5 5.5 13 8.6 20 13 29 16 37
150,000 2.0 4.5 4.4 9.9 6.3 14 9.9 23 14 33 19 43
200,000 2.2 4.9 4.7 11 7.0 16 11 25 16 37 20 47

Table 5 - Class RK1,A6D Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 .80 1.8 1.5 3.5 2.0 4.6 3.5 8.0 5.0 12 - -
10,000 1.0 2.3 1.9 4.4 2.5 5.8 4.4 10.1 7.1 16.4 10 23
15,000 1.2 2.7 2.2 4.9 2.9 6.6 5.0 11.6 8.2 18.8 12 27
20,000 1.3 2.9 2.4 5.4 3.1 7.1 5.5 12 9.0 20.7 13 29
25,000 1.4 3.2 2.6 5.9 3.4 7.8 6.0 13.8 9.7 22.3 14 32
30,000 1.5 3.4 2.7 6.2 3.6 8.3 6.3 14.6 10.3 23.6 15 33
35,000 1.5 3.5 2.9 6.6 3.8 8.7 6.7 15.4 10.8 24.9 15 35
40,000 1.6 3.7 3.0 6.9 4.0 9.1 7.0 16.5 11.3 26 16 37
50,000 1.7 4.0 3.2 7.4 4.3 9.8 7.5 16.5 12.2 28 17 40
60,000 1.8 4.2 3.4 7.8 4.5 11.0 8.0 17 13 30 18 42
80,000 2.0 4.7 3.8 8.6 5.0 12 8.8 20.3 13 33 20 46
100,000 2.2 5.0 4.1 9.3 5.4 12 9.5 20 14 35 22 50
150,000 2.5 5.8 4.6 11 6.1 14 10.9 25 16 40 25 57
200,000 2.8 6.3 5.1 12 6.8 16 11 25 19 45 27 63

Table 6 - Class J, A4J Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 .85 2.0 1.4 3.2 2.0 4.6 3.1 7.2 4.5 10 5.0 12
10,000 1.1 2.5 1.8 4.4 2.8 6.4 3.6 8.2 5.7 13 8.7 20
15,000 1.2 2.8 2.0 4.6 2.9 6.6 4.1 9.4 6.5 15 9.9 23
20,000 1.4 3.1 2.4 5.1 3.2 7.3 4.5 10 7.1 16 11 25
25,000 1.5 3.4 2.4 5.5 3.8 8.7 5.3 12 7.7 18 12 27
30,000 1.6 3.6 2.5 5.8 4.0 9.2 5.5 13 8.2 19 13 29
35,000 1.6 3.7 2.7 6.2 4.2 9.7 5.9 14 8.6 20 13 30
40,000 1.7 3.9 2.8 6.4 4.5 10 6.0 14 9.0 21 14 32
50,000 1.8 4.2 3.0 6.9 4.7 11 6.1 14 9.7 22 15 34
60,000 2.0 4.5 3.2 7.4 5.0 11 6.5 15 10 23 16 36
80,000 2.2 4.9 3.5 8.1 5.5 12 7.1 16 11 25 17 40
100,000 2.3 5.3 3.8 9.5 6.0 14 7.7 18 12 28 19 43
150,000 2.7 6.1 4.7 10.9 6.8 16 8.8 20 14 32 21 49
200,000 2.9 6.7 4.8 11 7.5 17 9.7 22 15 35 24 54

L 24
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE LET-THRU TABLES (Continued)
Apparent RMS Symmetrical Let-Thru Current

Table 7 - Class J, AJT Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 .79 1.8 1.2 2.8 1.8 4.0 3.1 7.0 4.8 11 5.0 12
10,000 1.0 2.3 1.6 3.6 2.2 5.1 3.8 8.8 6.0 14 8.3 19
15,000 1.2 2.6 1.8 4.1 2.5 5.8 4.4 10 6.9 16 9.5 22
20,000 1.3 2.9 2.0 4.5 2.8 6.4 4.8 11 7.6 18 11 24
25,000 1.4 3.1 2.1 4.8 3.0 6.9 5.2 12 8.2 19 11 26
30,000 1.4 3.3 2.2 5.1 3.2 7.4 5.5 13 8.7 20 12 28
35,000 1.5 3.5 2.4 5.4 3.4 7.7 5.8 13 9.1 21 13 29
40,000 1.6 3.7 2.5 5.6 3.5 8.1 6.1 14 9.6 22 13 30
50,000 1.7 3.9 2.7 6.1 3.8 8.7 6.6 15 10.3 24 14 33
60,000 1.8 4.2 2.8 6.4 4.0 9.2 7.0 16 11 25 15 35
80,000 2.0 4.6 3.1 7.1 4.4 10 7.7 18 12 28 17 38
100,000 2.2 4.9 3.3 7.6 4.8 11 8.3 19 13 30 18 41
150,000 2.5 5.7 3.8 8.7 5.4 12 9.5 22 15 34 21 47
200,000 2.7 6.2 4.2 9.7 6.0 14 10.4 24 16 37 23 59

Table 8 - Class T, A6T Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600 800
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp Irms Ip
5,000 .62 1.4 1.2 2.8 1.6 3.8 2.6 6.0 4.2 9.7 5.0 12 5.0 12
10,000 .78 1.8 1.5 3.5 2.1 4.8 3.3 7.5 5.3 12 8.2 19 10 22
15,000 .89 2.1 1.7 4.0 2.4 5.4 3.7 8.6 6.1 14 9.4 22 11 26
20,000 .98 2.3 1.9 4.4 2.6 6.0 4.1 9.5 6.7 15 10 24 12 28
25,000 1.1 2.4 2.0 4.8 2.8 6.5 4.4 10 7.2 17 11 26 13 31
30,000 1.1 2.6 2.2 5.0 3.0 6.9 4.7 11 7.7 18 12 27 14 32
35,000 1.2 2.7 2.3 5.3 3.1 7.2 5.0 11 8.1 19 12 29 15 34
40,000 1.2 2.9 2.4 5.6 3.3 7.5 5.2 12 8.5 19 13 30 16 36
50,000 1.3 3.1 2.6 6.0 3.5 8.1 5.6 13 9.1 21 14 32 17 38
60,000 1.4 3.3 2.8 6.4 3.8 8.6 5.9 14 9.7 22 15 34 18 41
80,000 1.6 3.6 3.0 7.0 4.1 9.5 6.5 15 11 25 16 38 20 45
100,000 1.7 3.9 3.2 7.5 4.5 10 7.0 16 11 26 18 40 21 48
150,000 1.9 4.4 3.8 8.6 5.1 12 8.1 19 13 30 20 46 24 55
200,000 2.1 4.9 4.1 9.5 5.6 13 8.9 20 14 33 22 51 27 61

Table 9 - Class T, A3T Fuses at 300 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600 800 1200
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000
10,000
15,000
.53
.66
.76
1.2
1.5
1.7
.95
1.2
1.4
2.2
2.8
3.2
1.4
1.7
2.0
3.1
3.9
4.5
2.0
2.5
2.9
4.6
5.8
6.6
3.0
3.8
4.4
6.9
8.7
10
4.5
5.6
6.4
10
13
15
5.0
7.2
8.2
12
16
19
5.0
9.3
11
12
21
24
L
20,000 .83 1.9 1.5 3.5 2.1 4.8 3.1 7.1 4.8 11 7.0 16 9.0 21 12 27
25,000 .90 2.1 1.6 3.7 2.3 5.3 3.4 7.8 5.2 12 7.6 17 9.7 22 13 29
30,000 .96 2.2 1.7 3.9 2.5 5.6 3.6 8.3 5.5 13 8.1 19 10 24 13 31
35,000 1.0 2.3 1.8 4.1 2.6 6.0 3.8 8.7 5.8 13 8.5 20 11 25 14 32
40,000 1.1 2.4 1.9 4.4 2.7 6.2 4.0 9.2 6.0 14 8.9 20 11 26 15 34
50,000 1.1 2.6 2.1 4.7 2.9 6.7 4.3 9.9 6.5 15 9.6 22 12 28 16 37
60,000 1.2 2.8 2.2 5.1 3.1 7.1 4.5 10 6.9 16 10 23 13 30 17 39
80,000 1.3 3.1 2.4 5.5 3.4 7.8 5.0 12 7.6 17 11 26 14 33 19 43
100,000 1.4 3.3 2.6 6.0 3.7 8.4 5.4 12 8.2 19 12 28 15 35 20 46
150,000 1.6 3.7 3.0 6.8 4.2 9.7 6.1 14 9.4 22 14 32 18 41 23 53
200,000 1.8 4.1 3.3 7.5 4.6 11 6.8 16 10 24 15 35 19 45 25 58

L 25
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE LET-THRU TABLES (Continued)
Apparent RMS Symmetrical Let-Thru Current
Table 10- Class RK1, A2K Fuses at 250 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 .61 1.4 1.4 3.2 1.7 4.0 2.9 6.7 4.4 10 5.0 12
10,000 .77 1.8 1.7 4.0 2.2 5.0 3.7 8.5 5.5 13 7.4 17
15,000 .88 2.0 2.0 4.6 2.5 5.8 4.2 9.7 6.3 14 8.5 19
20,000 .97 2.2 2.2 5.0 2.8 6.3 4.6 11 6.9 16 9.3 21
25,000 1.1 2.4 2.4 5.4 3.0 6.8 5.0 12 7.4 17 10 23
30,000 1.1 2.6 2.5 5.8 3.2 7.3 5.3 12 7.9 18 11 25
35,000 1.2 2.7 2.6 6.0 3.3 7.7 5.6 13 8.3 19 11 26
40,000 1.2 2.8 2.8 6.3 3.5 8.0 5.9 13 8.7 20 12 27
50,000 1.3 3.0 3.0 6.8 3.8 8.6 6.3 14 9.4 22 13 29
60,000 1.4 3.2 3.2 7.2 4.0 9.2 6.7 15 10 23 13 31
80,000 1.5 3.5 3.5 8.0 4.4 10 7.4 17 11 25 15 34
100,000 1.7 3.8 3.7 8.6 4.7 11 7.9 18 12 27 16 37
150,000 1.9 4.4 4.3 9.8 5.4 12 9.1 21 14 31 18 42
200,000 2.1 4.8 4.7 11 6.0 14 10 23 15 34 20 46

Table 11 - Class RK1, A2D Fuses at 250 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 .77 1.8 1.4 3.2 2.0 4.6 3.2 7.3 5.0 12 5.0 12
10,000 .97 2.2 1.8 4.0 2.5 5.8 4.0 9.2 6.4 15 8.0 18
15,000 1.1 2.6 2.0 4.6 2.9 6.6 4.6 11 7.3 17 9.2 21
20,000 1.2 2.8 2.2 5.1 3.2 7.3 5.0 12 8.1 19 10 23
25,000 1.3 3.0 2.4 5.5 3.4 7.9 5.4 12 8.7 20 11 25
30,000 1.4 3.2 2.5 5.8 3.6 8.3 5.8 13 9.2 21 12 27
35,000 1.5 3.4 2.7 6.1 3.8 8.8 6.1 14 9.7 22 12 28
40,000 1.5 3.5 2.8 5.7 4.0 9.2 6.4 15 10 23 13 29
50,000 1.7 3.8 3.0 6.9 4.3 9.9 6.8 16 11 25 14 32
60,000 1.8 4.0 3.2 7.3 4.6 11 7.3 17 12 27 15 34
80,000 1.9 4.5 3.5 8.1 5.0 12 8.0 18 13 29 16 37
100,000 2.1 4.8 3.8 8.7 5.4 12 8.6 20 14 32 17 40
150,000 2.4 5.5 4.3 9.9 6.2 14 9.9 23 16 36 20 46
200,000 2.6 6.0 4.8 11 6.8 16 11 25 17 40 22 50

Table 12 - Class RK5, TRS Fuses at 600 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 1.7 3.9 3.2 7.4 3.4 7.8 5.0 12 - - - -
10,000 2.1 4.8 4.0 9.2 4.2 9.7 6.2 14 10 23 10 23
15,000 2.4 5.5 4.6 11 4.8 11 7.1 16 12 27 15 35
20,000 2.7 6.2 5.1 12 5.3 12 7.8 18 13 30 18 42
25,000 2.9 6.7 5.5 13 5.7 13 8.4 19 14 32 20 45
30,000 3.1 7.1 5.8 13 6.1 14 8.9 20 15 35 21 48
35,000 3.3 7.6 6.1 14 6.4 15 9.4 22 16 36 22 50
40,000 3.4 7.8 6.4 15 6.7 15 9.8 23 17 38 23 53
50,000 3.7 8.5 6.9 16 7.2 17 11 24 18 41 25 57
60,000 3.9 9.0 7.3 17 7.7 18 11 26 19 43 26 60
80,000 4.3 9.9 8.1 19 8.5 20 12 29 21 48 29 66
100,000 4.6 11 8.7 20 9.1 21 13 31 22 52 31 72
150,000 5.3 12 9.9 23 10 24 15 35 26 59 36 82
200,000 5.8 13 11 25 12 26 17 39 28 65 39 90

L 26
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUSE LET-THRU TABLES (Continued)
Apparent RMS Symmetrical Let-Thru Current

Table 13 - Class RK5, TR Fuses at 250 Volts AC, 15% Power Factor
PROSPECTIVE FUSE LET-THRU CURRENT IN KILO-AMPERES
SHORT CIRCUIT BY FUSE RATING IN AMPERES
RMS. SYM 30 60 100 200 400 600
AMPERES irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp irms lp
5,000 1.4 3.2 3.0 6.9 3.2 7.4 5.0 12 - - - -
10,000 1.8 4.1 3.8 8.7 4.1 9.4 6.6 15 10 23 10 23
15,000 2.1 4.8 4.4 10 4.7 11 7.6 17 13 29 15 35
20,000 2.3 5.3 4.8 11 5.1 12 8.4 19 14 32 19 44
25,000 2.5 5.6 5.2 12 5.5 13 9.0 21 15 34 21 48
30,000 2.6 6.0 5.5 13 5.9 14 9.6 22 16 37 22 50
35,000 2.7 6.2 5.8 13 6.2 14 10 23 17 38 23 53
40,000 2.9 6.7 6.1 14 6.5 15 11 24 18 40 24 56
50,000 3.1 7.1 6.5 15 7.0 16 11 26 19 43 26 60
60,000 3.3 7.6 7.0 16 7.4 17 12 27 20 46 28 63
80,000 3.6 8.3 7.7 18 8.1 19 13 31 22 51 30 70
100,000 3.9 9.0 8.3 19 8.8 20 14 33 24 55 33 75
150,000 4.4 10 9.4 22 10 23 16 38 27 62 38 86
200,000 4.9 11 11 24 11 26 18 41 30 69 41 95

BUS DUCT SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION

FEEDER & PLUG-IN MAXIMUM FERRAZ SHAWMUT FUSE
BUS DUCT FOR SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION*
Bus duct listed to the UL 857 standard is labeled with a “short-
circuit current rating”. To earn this rating the bus duct must be Short Circuit Peak Instantaneous
capable of surviving its “short-circuit current rating” for 3 full Current Rating Withstand Current 50,000A 100,000A 200,000A
in Amperes in Amperes
cycles (60 Hz basis).
5000 8500 60A 60A 30A
The following table shows the potential short-circuit current rat- 7500 13,000 100A 100A 100A
10,000 17,000 200A 100A 100A
ings for both feeder and plug-in bus duct. Also shown are the
14,000 28,000 400A 400A 200A
peak instantaneous currents the bus duct must be capable of
withstanding to earn a given “short-circuit current rating”. 22,000 48,000 800A 600A 400A
25,000 55,000 1000A 600A 600A
Current-limiting fuses may be used to protect bus duct from fault 30,000 66,000 1200A 800A 600A
35,000 76,000 1600A 1000A 800A
currents that exceed the bus duct “short-circuit current rating”.
The fuse will provide short-circuit protection if fuse peak let-thru 42,000 92,000 2500A 1600A 1000A
current does not exceed the bus duct peak instantaneous with- 50,000 110,000 3000A 2000A 1200A
stand current. In addition, the fuse total clearing curve must fall 65,000 142,000 4000A 3000A 2500A
to the left of the bus duct short-circuit current rating at the 3 75,000 160,000 5000A 4000A 3000A
cycle (.05 sec.) point. The fuse ampere ratings shown in this
85,000 180,000 5000A 5000A 4000A
table satisfy both of these requirements. 100,000 220,000 6000A 6000A 5000A

Example:
In a 480V circuit with 100,000A available short-circuit current,
125,000
150,000
270,000
330,000
6000A
6000A
6000A
6000A
6000A
6000A L
what maximum size fuse can be used to protect feeder bus duct * 30A to 600A fuses – Class J (*time delay AJT)
which has a 42,000 short-circuit rating? Class RK1 (A2K/A6K or time delay A2D/A6D)
800 to 6000A fuses – Class L (A4BQ)
Answer:
From the table, A Ferraz Shawmut 1600A Class L fuse
A4BQ1600 will protect this bus duct up to 100,000 amperes.

L 27
APPLICATION INFORMATION
CAPACITOR PROTECTION
The primary responsibility of a capacitor fuse is to isolate a
shorted capacitor before the capacitor can damage surrounding
equipment or personnel. Typical capacitor failure occurs when
the dielectric in the capacitor is no longer able to withstand the
applied voltage. A low impedance current path results. The
excessive heat generated builds pressure and can cause violent
case rupture. A fuse will isolate the shorted capacitor before case
rupture occurs.

Fuse Placement
The Code requires that an overcurrent device be placed in each
ungrounded conductor of each capacitor bank (see Figure 1).
The Code further requires that the rating or setting of the over
current device be as low as practicable. A separate overcurrent
device is not required if the capacitor is connected on the load
side of a motor-running overcurrent device.

Fusing per the Code provides reasonable protection if the Steady state capacitor current is proportional to the applied volt-
capacitors are the metalized film self-healing type. If not, each age and frequency. Since voltage and frequency are fixed in
capacitor should be individually fused as shown in Figure 2. power factor correction applications, the capacitor is not expect-
ed to be subjected to an overload. Therefore, capacitor fuses are
Fusing each individual capacitor is especially important in not selected to provide overload protection for the capacitor.
large banks of parallel capacitors. Should one capacitor fail, the
parallel capacitors will discharge into the faulted capacitor and KVAR vs. AMPS
violent case rupture of the faulted capacitor can result. Individual The capacitor’s current rating can be derived from its KVAR rat-
capacitor fusing eliminates this problem. ing by using the following formula:

If the capacitors are to be placed in banks comprised of both KVAR x 1000 = amps
series and parallel combinations, the capacitor manufacturer volts 1 KVAR = 1000VA (Reactive)
must be consulted for fuse placement recommendations. The
opening of improperly placed fuses can cause overvoltage and Example: What fuse would you recommend for a three phase
result in damage to other capacitors in the network. capacitor rated 100KVAR at 480 volts?

Ampere rating 100,000 volt-amps = 208 amps

How much overcurrent can a capacitor withstand? What 480 volts
effects do neighboring capacitors have on the inrush of a given
capacitor? These and other questions influence fuse selection. To determine line current, we must divide the 208 amps, which
Circuit analysis can be very complex. It is best to consult the is the three phase current by ÷ 3
capacitor manufacturer for specific recommendations. 208 = 120 amps
÷3
In lieu of specific fusing recommendations from the capacitor
manufacturer, we suggest a Shawmut A60C type 121 or an A6Y If an A6OC Type 121 fuse is to be used, size the fuse at 165% to
Type 2SG fuse sized at 165% to 200% of the capacitor’s current 200% of line current.
rating. If these fuses are not dimensionally acceptable, then a 120 amps x 1.65 = 198 amps
non-time delay Class J or Class RK1 fuse could be used and 120 amps x 2.00 = 240 amps
sized at 185% to 220% of the capacitor’s current rating.
Suggestions: A60C200-121 or A60C200-121TI
Capacitor fuses are selected for their ability to provide short
circuit protection and to ride through capacitor inrush current. If a Class J or a Class RK1 is to be used, size the fuse at 185%
Inrush current is affected by the closing angle, capacitance, to 220% of line current.
resistance and inductance of the circuit, and varies from one
application to another. Inrush lasts for less than 1/4 cycle and is 120 amps x 1.85 = 222 amps
typically less than ten times the capacitor’s current rating. 120 amps x 2.20 = 264 amps

Suggestions: A4J225 or A6K225R

L 28
APPLICATION INFORMATION
CABLE PROTECTION Placement of Cable Protectors
In single phase applications where a single transformer supplies
Using Cable Protectors the service and there are only one or two conductors per phase,
Cable Protectors are special purpose limiters which are used to a single Cable Protector per cable may be used. The Cable
protect service entrance and distribution cable runs. Though not Protector should be located at the supply end of the cable. In all
required by the Code for overcurrent protection, the Code does other applications, Cable Protectors should be placed at both
recognize the use of Cable Protector as current limiting devices. ends of each cable. This allows a faulted cable to be isolated
from the source end and from a back feed at its load end.
When unprotected cables are paralleled, a singe conductor faulting Isolation of a faulted cable is only possible if there are 3 or more
to ground can result in damage to and eventual loss of all parallel parallel cables per phase.
conductors. The resultant cost of cable replacement, loss of
service, and down time can be significant. This cost can be Cable Protector Ampacity
minimized by the use of Cable Protectors. Cable Protectors are not ampere rated. They are not intended to
provide overload protection for the cable. Cable Protectors are
When each phase consists of three or more parallel conductors, designed to open in case of a short circuit or after a cable has
Cable Protectors are installed at each end of each conductor. faulted. Thus total system reliability is maximized. For these
Should one cable fault, the Cable Protectors at each end of the reasons Cable Protectors are rated in terms of the cable material
faulted cable will open and isolate the faulted cable. The unfaulted (aluminum or copper) and the cable cable size (250kcmil,
cables will maintain service. 500kcmil, etc.)

Terminations Selecting a Cable Protector

In addition to improving system reliability, Cable Protectors The following questions must be answered to choose the correct
provide a means of terminating cable, thus eliminating the need Cable Protector:
for cable lugs. Cable Protectors are available with the following - Is the cable copper or aluminum?
configurations: - What is the cable size?
- What termination type is desired?
- Is the Cable Protector to be insulated or protected with
Type 1 a heat-shrink sleeve or a rubber boot?
Type 3
Once these questions have been answered, the Cable Protector
Type 5 catalog number can be chosen from the listings.
Type 6
Type 8 Small Cable Sizes
Class J fuses may be used for cable sizes smaller than 4/0.
Since Class J blades are drilled for bolting, they may be attached
directly to bus. Cables must be prepared by installing lugs before
Aluminum and copper cable require different terminations. Cable bolting to the fuse. Cable-to-bus or cable-to-cable terminations
Protectors intended for copper cable must not be used with are possible. The following ampere ratings are recommended,
aluminum cable. Cable Protectors intended for aluminum cable for each cable size.
include an oxide inhibitor and can be used on either aluminum
or copper cable. CABLE - SIZE AWG CLASS J FUSE
L
CU or AL CATALOG NUMBER
#4 A4J125
#3 A4J150
#2 A4J175
#1 A4J200
1/0 A4J250
2/0 A4J300
3/0 A4J400

L 29
APPLICATION INFORMATION
WELDER PROTECTION Special Applications
UL class fuses sized according to the Code may not be suitable
General in some welding applications. High ambient temperatures, high
Articles 630-12 and 630-32 of the National Electrical Code cycle rates and high available fault currents may require the use
requires that electric welders and their supply conductors have of Ferraz Shawmut Welder Protectors.
overcurrent protection. The Code further requires that each
welder have a nameplate which provides information necessary Welder Protectors (A4BX Type 150 or Type 150J) are special
for the selection of the appropriate supply conductors and purpose limiters which have been designed specifically for
overcurrent protection devices. welding applications to protect equipment in case of short
circuits. They have twice the thermal rating of UL Class fuses
While either circuit breakers or fuses may be used for overcurrent yet provide a low clearing I2t . This combination minimizes fuse
protection, the typically high available fault currents and the need fatigue and allows effective coordination with upstream devices.
for overall system selective coordination favor the use of current- Welder Protectors may be sized closer to welder primary ampere
limiting fuses. rating than UL Class fuses, hence may allow the use of smaller
disconnect switches.
Supply Conductor Protection Welder Protectors are intended for short circuit protection and
For AC transformer, DC rectifier and motor-generator arc welders are not intended for overload protection. They should never be
the supply conductors should be fused at not more than 200% of used as the only protective device on any welder application.
the conductor ampere rating. For resistance welders the Code allows Thermal overload protection must be provided in the welder by
fusing at up to 300% of conductor ampere rating. In both appli- some other device.
cations a time delay RK5 fuse such as the Tri-onic® is generally
recommended.

Welder Protection
To comply with the Code, AC transformer, DC rectifier and motor-
generator arc welders should be fused at not more than 200% of
their primary current rating (shown on welder nameplate).
Resistance welders should be fused at not more than 300% of
their primary current rating. As with supply conductors, RK5 time
delay fuses such as the Tri-onic® are recommended. It should be
noted that the Code states that a separate overcurrent device is
not required for the welder if the supply conductors are protected
by an overcurrent device which will satisfy the welder overcurrent
protection requirements.

L 30
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELECTIVITY BETWEEN 240, 480 OR 600 VOLT if the downstream fuse opens while the upstream fuse remains
operable under all conditions of overcurrent. The term
MAIN AND BRANCH FUSES “discrimination” is synonymous with selectivity and is the
preferred international term for this definition.
Definition
Coordination is defined as properly localizing a fault condition to The word all is key. Fuse selectivity cannot be assured by com-
restrict outages to the equipment affected, accomplished by paring fuse time current curves alone. These curves stop at .01
choice of selective fault protective devices. second. Fuse performance under high fault conditions must also
be evaluated. Fuse I2t is the best tool for assuring coordination
Coordination (selectivity, discrimination) is desirable and often under high fault current conditions. If the total clearing I2t of the
times mandatory. A lack of coordination can represent a hazard to downstream fuse is less than the melting I2t of the main
people and equipment. When designing for coordination, fuses upstream fuse, the fuses will be selective under high fault con-
provide distinct advantages over other types of overcurrent pro- ditions.
tective devices.
To simplify presenting weighty I2t data, selectivity information can
To coordinate a circuit breaker protected system, it is generally simply be found in selectivity ratio tables.
necessary intentionally to delay the short circuit response of
upstream breakers. Though coordination may be achieved, short The ratios found in the following tables are conservative and are
circuit protection is compromised. The speed and consistency appropriate for all overcurrents up to 200,000 amperes RMS. In
of response of fuses allows coordination without compromising some cases smaller ratios than shown may be used. Consult your
component protection. Ferraz Shawmut representative for specific recommendations.
The terms coordination and selectivity are often used inter-
changeably. The term coordination should be used to describe a
system as defined above, while two fuses are said to be selective

Fuse Selectivity Ratios - 600 and 480 Volt Applications Up to 200,000 RMS Symmetrical Amperes
R ATIO*
BRANCH M A I N F U SE
FUSE A4BQ A4BY A4BT TRS A6K A6D A4J AJT A6T
A4BQ 2:1 2:1 2:1 - - - - - -
A4BY - 2.5:1 2:1 - - - - - -
A4BT 2.5:1 2.5:1 2:1 - - - - - -
TRS 4:1 4:1 3:1 2:1 4:1 4:1 4:1 3:1 4.5:1
A6K 2:1 2:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 2:1 3:1 2:1 3.5:1
A6D 2:1 2:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 2:1 3:1 2:1 3.5:1
A4J 2:1 2:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 3:1
AJT 2:1** 2:1** 2:1 1.5:1 2:1 2:1 2.5:1 2:1 3.5:1
A6T 3:1 2.5:1 2:1 1.5:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 2.5:1

Fuse Selectivity Ratios - 240 Volt Applications Up to 200,000 RMS Symmetrical Amperes
R ATIO*
BRANCH M A I N F U SE
FUSE A4BQ A4BY A4BT TR A2K A2D A4J AJT A3T
A4BQ 2:1 2:1 2:1 - - - - - -
A4BY
A4BT
TR
-
2.5:1
4:1
2.5:1
2.5:1
4:1
2:1
2:1
4:1
-
-
1.5:1
-
-
4:1
-
-
3:1
-
-
4:1
-
-
3:1
-
-
5:1
L
A2K 2:1 2:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 1.5:1 2:1 1.5:1 3:1
A2D 2.5:1 2.5:1 2:1 1.5:1 2:1 1:5:1 2:1 2:1 3:1
A4J 2:1 2:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1 1.5:1 2:1 2:1 3:1
AJT 2:1 2:1 2:1 1.5:1 2.5:1 2:1 2.5:1 2:1 3:1
A3T 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 1.5:1 2:1

*These ratios apply to fuses rated 61-6000A.

**Exception: For AJT450-600 use 2:1 on 480V only, 2.25:1 on 600V.

L 31
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELECTIVITY BETWEEN TWO E-RATED FUSES FUSE R ATINGS
IN SERIES 2400, 4160 or 4800V SYSTEMS 6.9 thru 14.4KV SYSTEMS
MAX. BRANCH MIN. MAIN MAX. BRANCH MIN. MAIN
A selective system eliminates unnecessary power outages and
10E 20E 10E 20E
costly downtime in the remainder of the system not directly
15E 25E 15E 25E
affected by the fault condition. This results in significant savings
20E 40E 20E 30E
and safety for the user.
25E 40E 25E 50E
In a properly designed selective system a branch fuse must open 30E 50E 30E 65E
the circuit under fault conditions without damaging the main 40E 65E 40E 65E
fuse. This is accomplished by making sure that the required 50E 80E 50E 80E
Minimum Melting energy of the main fuse is greater than the 65E 125E 65E 125E
Total Clearing energy required to “open” the branch fuse.
80E 150E 80E 150E
Example: 100E 200E 100E 200E
In a 4160V system fed by a 200E main fuse (A055F1DORO-200E 125E 250E - -
or equivalent), what is the maximum branch fuse allowable to 150E 250E - -
maintain selectivity between the two?
200E 400E - -
From the table, the maximum E-rated branch fuse is 100E 250E 400E - -
(AO55F1DORO-100E or equivalent). 300E 450E - -
400E - - -

Note: Selectivity is maintained on all overcurrents up to the maximum

interrupting rating of the branch fuse.
Recommended Fuses: Ferraz Shawmut
CS-3: 5kV-AO55F, 8kV-A825X*, 15kV-A155F
CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15kV-A155C
*Consult factory for information on A825X series.

L 32
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELECTIVITY OF E-RATED PRIMARY AND LOW SEC.
VOLTAGE SECONDARY FUSES FUSE MINIMUM PRIMARY FUSE RATING*
AMPERE PRIMARY VOLTAGE
Good design dictates that transformer secondary fuses should RATING 2400 4160 4800 6900 13,800
clear overcurrents before transformer primary fuses open. The 480 Secondary
following table shows the smallest primary fuse E rating which 200 50E (80E) 30E (50E) 25E (40E) 20E (30E) 10E (15E)
will be selective with a given secondary fuse. 400 100E (125E) 50E (80E) 50E (65E) 40E (50E) 20E (25E)
600 125E (200E) 100E (125E) 80E (125E) 65E (100E) 30E (50E)
Fuses are assumed to be Ferraz Shawmut Type CS-3 or CL-14 for 800 250E 150E 125E 100E 50E
primary, A4BY or A4BQ (Class L) for secondary 800 amperes 1000 300E 150E 150E 125E 50E
and larger, Class J or Class RK1 for secondary 600 amperes and 1200 350E 200E 200E 125E 65E
smaller. 1600 500E 250E 250E 150E 100E
2000 600E 300E 300E 200E 100E
The critical point for coordinating E-rated to low voltage fuses is 2500 - 450E 400E - 125E
in the 5-second to 10-second region of the fuse time current 3000 - 500E 450E - 150E
curves. This means that non-time delay secondary fuses will be 4000 - - 600E - 200E
selective with a lower E-rated primary fuse than will time delay 5000 - - - - -
secondary fuses. For this reason two E ratings are shown for 6000 - - - - -
most 600 ampere and smaller secondary fuses. The lower E rating 240V Secondary
will be selective with a non-time delay Class J or Class RK1. The 200 25E (40E) 15E (25E) 15E (20E) 10E (15E) 10E
higher E rating shown is required for selectivity with a time delay 400 50E (80E) 30E (50E) 25E (40E) 20E (30E) 10E (15E)
Class J or Class RK1. 600 80E (125E) 50E (65E) 40E (65E) 30E (40E) 15E (20E)
800 125E 80E 65E 50E 25E
The worst case condition for secondary fuse to primary fuse 1000 150E 100E 80E 65E 30E
selectivity occurs when a line-to-line secondary fault develops 1200 200E 125E 100E 65E 40E
on a delta-to-wye transformer. One of the primary fuses will see 1600 250E 125E 125E 100E 50E
116% of the turns ratio current. This worst case condition was 2000 300E 150E 150E 125E 65E
assumed when the tables that follow were developed. 2500 400E 250E 200E 150E 80E
3000 450E 250E 250E 150E 100E
Example 1:. 4000 600E 400E 300E 200E 125E
With A6K400R (400A Class RK1) fuses as 480V secondary 5000 - 400E 400E - 125E
mains of a 13,800V/480V supply transformer, what is the mini- 6000 - 500E 450E - 150E
mum 13,800V primary fuse necessary for selectivity? 208V Secondary
200 20E (40E) 15E (25E) 10E (20E) 10E (15E) 10E
400 50E (80E) 25E (40E) 25E (40E) 15E (25E) 10E (15E)
600 65E (100E) 40E (65E) 40E (50E) 25E (40E) 15E (20E)
800 125E 65E 65E 50E 20E
1000 125E 80E 65E 50E 25E
1200 150E 100E 80E 65E 30E
1600 200E 125E 125E 80E 40E
Answer: 2000 250E 150E 125E 100E 50E
Since the A6K400R is not a time delay fuse it will coordinate 2500 350E 200E 200E 125E 80E
with a 20E primary fuse (A155F1DORO-20E or equivalent). 3000 400E 200E 200E 150E 80E
4000 600E 300E 250E 200E 125E
Example 2: 5000 - 400E 350E - 125E
6000 - 450E 400E - 150E
A 416OV distribution transformer supplies a 3000A, 208V main
panel. What minimum 4160V primary fuse is needed to assure * ( ) indicates primary fuse rating when secondary fuse is time delay type L
Recommended Fuses: Ferraz Shawmut
Secondary, 200-600A - Class J (A4J or AJT) or RK1 (A2K or A2D 250V) (A6K or A6D 600V)
Secondary, 800-6000A - Class L (A4BY or A4BQ)
CS-3: 5kV-A055F, 8kV-A825X,* 15kV-A155F
CL-14: 5kV-A055C, A055B, 15kV-A155C
*Consult factory for information on A825X Series.
selectivity?

Answer:
A 200E primary fuse (A055F1DORO-200E or equivalent).

L 33
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELECTIVITY BETWEEN E-RATED PRIMARY
AND E-RATED SECONDARY FUSES
Some applications require selectivity between transformer
secondary fuses and transformer primary fuses. The table
below shows the smallest 15.5KV E-rated primary fuse
which will be selective with a given E-rated secondary
fuse. The table assures selectivity for Ferraz Shawmut Type
CS-3 and CL-14 E-rated fuses under all current levels and
under the worst case situation. The worst case situation
exists when the following conditions occur simultaneously:
- Transformer is delta primary and wye secondary
(see figure).
- A line-to-line secondary fault occurs.
- The fault current through a primary fuse is equal
to the primary fuse 0.01 second melt current.
The worst case condition rarely occurs. In most cases
selectivity will be maintained with a primary fuse one size
smaller than shown in this table.

Primary Fuse Ratings Selective With

Secondary Ratings
SECONDARY MINIMUM 13.8KV PRIMARY FUSE RATING
FUSE SECONDARY VOLTAGE
RATING 2400 4160 4800 6900
10E 10E 10E 10E 15E
15E 10E 10E 15E 20E
20E 10E 15E 20E 20E
25E 10E 20E 25E 30E
30E 15E 25E 25E 40E
40E 20E 30E 40E 50E
50E 25E 40E 40E 65E
65E 30E 50E 65E 100E
80E 40E 65E 80E 100E
100E 50E 80E 100E 125E
125E 65E 100E 125E 150E
150E 80E 125E 125E 200E
200E 100E 150E 150E -
250E 125E 200E 200E -
300E 125E - - -
400E 150E - - -
450E 200E - - -
600E - - - -
Recommended Fuses: Ferraz Shawmut CS-3: 5kV-A055F,
8kV-A825X,* 15kV-A155F; CL-14: 5kV-A055C, A055B, 15kV-A155C
*Consult factory for information on A825X Series.

L 34
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELECTIVITY BETWEEN E-RATED PRIMARY FUSES Selective Primary and Secondary
AND R-RATED SECONDARY MOTOR FUSES Motor Fuse Ratings

Good design dictates that transformer secondary fuses shall clear SECONDARY MINIMUM PRIMARY FUSE E RATING
overcurrents and not allow the primary fuse to open, thereby FUSE PRIMARY VOLTAGE
maintaining selectivity between the two. R RATING 4160V 4800V 6900V 13.8KV

2400V Secondary System

With any system involving R-rated fuses, a contactor and overload
2R 50E 50E 30E 15E
relay must be employed to open on low overload currents. It is
3R 80E 65E 50E 25E
assumed in the table that the overload relay is properly selected 4R 100E 100E 65E 30E
and that the R-rated fuse is only required to open on overcurrents 6R 125E 125E 100E 50E
which are large enough for the fuse to open in times less than 20 9R 200E 200E 125E 65E
seconds. 12R 250E 250E 150E 100E
18R 400E 350E - 125E
With the proper selection of the overload relay, selectivity is 24R 600E 450E - 150E
maintained throughout the full range of potential overcurrents. 36R - - - -
The contactor overload relay maintains selectivity with the E-
4800V Secondary System
rated primary fuse for low level overcurrents corresponding to
opening times of 20 seconds and longer. The R-rated fuse main- 2R - - 65E 30E
tains selectivity with the E-rated primary fuse on all higher level 3R - - 100E 50E
overcurrents corresponding to opening times of 20 seconds and 4R - - 125E 65E
shorter. Thus selectivity is maintained on all overcurrents to the 6R - - 150E 100E
9R - - - 125E
maximum current interrupting rating published for the R-rated
12R - - - 150E
fuses. 18R - - - -
24R - - - -
36R - - - -

6900V Secondary System

2R - - - 40E
3R - - - 65E
4R - - - 80E
6R - - - 125E
9R - - - 150E
12R - - - 200E
18R - - - -
Recommended Fuses: Ferraz Shawmut
R-rated - A24OR, A48OR, A72OR or equivalent
E-rated - CS-3: 5KV-A055F, 8KV-A825X,* 15KV-A155F
CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15KV-A155C
* Consult factory for information on A825X Series.

Example:
In a 13800V/2400V distribution system, what is the maximum
L
size 2400V motor fuse which can be used if the distribution
transformer primary is fused at 65E?

Answer:
From the table, a 9R motor fuse (Ferraz Shawmut A240R9R) is
the maximum size which can be used. If the 9R motor fuse
opens on any overcurrent, it will not affect the 65E primary fuse,
and selectivity is maintained.

L 35
APPLICATION INFORMATION
SELECTIVITY BETWEEN E-RATED MAIN FUSE Selective Main and Motor Fuse Ratings in Series
AND R-RATED MOTOR FUSE IN SERIES 2400, 4160, 4800, 6900 or 7200V SYSTEMS
MOTOR FUSE MINIMUM MAIN FUSE
Feeder fuses and motor fuses in series must be selective. R RATING E RATING
Selectivity assures that the motor fuse only will open, and not 2R 80E
the feeder fuse, thus eliminating power outages to the remainder 3R 125E
of the branch circuits. 4R 150E
6R 200E
Selectivity is accomplished by assuring that the required minimum 9R 300E
melting energy of the feeder fuse is greater than the total clearing 12R 400E
energy required to open the motor fuse. 18R 600E
24R -
36R -
With any system involving R-rated fuses, a contactor and over-
load relay must be employed to open on low overhead currents. Recommended Fuses: Ferraz Shawmut
R-rated - A24OR, A48OR, A72OR* or equivalent
This table assumes that the overload relay is properly selected E-rated - CS-3: 5KV-A055F, 8KV-A825X,* 15KV-A155F
and that the R-rated fuse is only required to open on overcurrents CL-14: 5KV-A055C, A055B, 15KV-A155C
which are large enough to open the fuse in 20 seconds or less. *Consult factory for information on A825X Series.

Proper selection of the overload relay assures selectivity for all

overcurrents. The contactor and relay in combination are selective
with the E-rated fuse for low level overloads which correspond to
opening times longer than 20 seconds. The R-rated fuse is selec-
tive with the E-rated fuse for higher level overcurrents up to the
maximum interrupting rating of the R-rated fuse.
Example:
In a 4160V system, a motor requiring a 3R fuse is to be
installed. What is the minimum E-rated feeder fuse required
ahead of the motor?

Answer:
From the table, a 3R motor fuse (Ferraz Shawmut A480R3R-1)
requires a minimum 125E distribution fuse (Ferraz Shawmut
A055F1DORO-125E) upstream for proper selectivity. If the 3R
motor fuse opens on any overcurrent, it will not affect the 125 E
feeder fuse.

L 36
APPLICATION INFORMATION
QUICK THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT To find the short circuit current at any point in the system, simply
CALCULATIONS add the factors as they appear in the system from service
entrance to fault point and read the available current on Scale 1.
Short circuit current levels must be known before fuses or other
equipment can be correctly applied. For fuses, unlike circuit Example 2:
breakers, there are four levels of interest. These are 10,000, If the primary short circuit power were 50MVA (instead of 500MVA)
50,000, 100,000 and 200,000 RMS symmetrical amperes. in this same system, what would Isc be at the transformer? At the
end of the bus duct run?
Rigorous determination of short circuit currents requires accurate
reactance and resistance data for each power component from the Answer:
utility generating station down to the point of the fault. It is time- From the Primary MVA correction factor table A1, the factor for
consuming for a plant engineer to collect all this information and 50MVA (at 480V) is 1.74. The new factor at the transformer is then
yet he is the one most affected by short circuit hazards. 4.80 + 1.74 = 6.54 and Isc is reduced to 18,000A (Scale 1).
The new factor at the bus duct is 9.21 + 1.74 = 10.95 Isc =
There have been several approaches to “easy” short circuit 11,000A (Scale 1).
calculations which have been cumbersome to be of practical
use. The method described here is not new but it is the simplest
of all approaches.

Example 1:
What is the potential short circuit current at various points in a
480V, 3-phase system fed by a 1000KVA, 5.75%Z transformer?
(Assume primary short circuit power to be 500MVA.)

In summary, each basic component of the industrial electrical dis-

tribution system is pre-assigned a single factor based on the
impedance it adds to the system. For instance, a 1000KVA, 480
volt, 5.75%Z transformer has a factor of 4.80 obtained from Table A.
This factor corresponds with 25,000 RMS short circuit amperes
(directly read on Scale 1). Note: Factors change proportionally with
transformer impedance. If this transformer were 5.00%Z, the factor
would be 5.00/5.75 x 4.80 = 4.17.

Cable and bus factors are based on 100 foot lengths. Shorter or
longer lengths have proportionately smaller or larger factors (i.e.
50’ length = 1/2 factor; 200’ length = 2 x factor). Basic compo-
nent factors are listed on following pages in tables A through D.

L 37
APPLICATION INFORMATION
QUICK THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS (Continued)

Component Factor Tables- Transformers A1- Transformer Correction Factors

The transformer factors are based on available primary short cir- FACTOR
cuit power of 500MVA and listed in Table A. For systems with PRIMARY 3 PHASE VOLTAGE
other than 500MVA primary short circuit power, add the appro- MVA 208 240 480 600
priate correction factors from Table A1 to the transformer factor
15 2.82 3.24 6.43 8.05
found in Table A. 25 1.65 1.90 3.78 4.73
50 .78 .90 1.74 2.24
A- Three Phase Transformer Factors 100 .34 .40 .80 1.00
FACTOR 150 .20 .23 .46 .58
TRANSFORMER 3 PHASE VOLTAGE
250 .08 .10 .20 .25
KVA %Z 208 240 480 600 Infinite -.08 -.10 -.20 -.25
75 1.60 9.00 10.00 20.00 24.00
100 1.70 7.00 8.00 16.00 20.00 A2- Factor for Second Three Phase
112.5 2.00 7.40 8.50 17.00 21.00
150 2.00 5.40 6.00 12.00 15.00
Transformer in System
225 2.00 3.70 4.00 8.00 10.00 1. Determine system factor at the second transformer primary.
300 2.00 2.70 3.00 6.00 7.50 Example: Isc @ 480V = 40,000A. Factor is 3.00 (from Scale 1).
500 2.50 2.15 2.25 4.50 5.60
750 5.75 2.78 3.25 6.50 8.00 2. Adjust factor in proportion to voltage ratio of second transformer.
1000 5.75 2.24 2.40 4.80 6.00 Example: For 208V, factor changes to (208 ∏ 480) x 3.00 = 1.30
1500 5.75 1.48 1.60 3.20 4.00
2000 5.75 NA 1.20 2.40 3.00
3. Add factor for second 3f transformer.
2500 5.75 NA .95 1.91 2.40
Example: Factor for 100KVA, 208V, 1.70%Z transformer is 7.00.
Notes: 208 volt 3f transformer factors are calculated for 50% motor load. Total Factor = 7.00 + 1.30 = 8.30
240, 480 and 600 volt 3f transformer factors are calculated for 100% motor (Isc = 14,500A)
load. A phase-to-phase fault is .866 times the calculated 3-phase value.

3f to 3f
480V 208V
40,000A 14,500A
100kVA

L 38
APPLICATION INFORMATION
QUICK THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS (Continued)

A3- Factors for Single Phase Transformer in A3- Single Phase Transformer Factors
Three Phase System FACTOR
TRANSFORMER 1 PHASE VOLTAGE
Transformer connections must be known before factor can be
120V 240V 120V
determined. See Figures A and B.
KVA %Z FIG. A FIG. A FIG. B

1. Determine system factor at 1f transformer primary, with 480V 15 2.5 34.6 48.0 24.0
pri., 120/240V sec. (Figure A) 25 2.5 20.7 28.8 14.4
Example: Isc @480V = 40,000, 3f. Factor is 3.00 (from 37.5 2.8 16.6 23.0 11.5
Scale 1). 50 3.0 12.5 17.3 8.65
75 3.0 8.28 11.5 5.75
100 3.0 6.22 8.64 4.32
1f factor = 3f factor = 3.00 = 3.46 150 2.5 3.46 4.80 2.40
.866 .866
167 2.5 3.10 4.31 2.16
225 2.5 2.30 3.20 1.60
2. Adjust factor in proportion to voltage ratio of 480/240V transformer.
300 3.0 2.07 2.88 1.44
Example: For 240V, 1f factor is (240 ∏ 480) 3.46 = 1.73 500 4.5 1.86 2.59 1.30
Note: Factor varies with %Z.
Example: 50KVA, 240V secondary with a 1.5%Z has a factor of
3. Add factor for 1f transformer with Figure A connection. (1.5%Z ∏ 3.0%Z) x 17.3 = 8.65
Example: Factor for 100KVA, 120/240V, 3%Z transformer is:
a. 120V--total factor = 6.22 + 1.73 = 7.95
(Isc = 15,000A)
b. 240V--total factor = 8.64 + 1.73 = 10.37
(Isc = 11,600A)

L 39
APPLICATION INFORMATION
QUICK THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS (Continued)

Component Factor Tables - Cables in Duct

B/B1- Copper Cables in Duct (Per 100’)

B–MAGNETIC DUCT B1–NON-MAGNETIC DUCT
CABLE 3 PHASE VOLTAGE 3 PHASE VOLTAGE
SIZE 208 240 480 600 208 240 480 600

#8 79.00 68.00 34.00 27.00 78.00 67.60 33.80 27.10

6 50.00 43.00 22.00 17.50 47.90 41.50 20.70 16.60
4 32.00 28.00 14.00 11.15 30.70 26.70 13.30 10.70
2 21.00 18.00 9.00 7.23 19.90 17.20 8.61 6.89
1 17.50 15.00 7.40 5.91 16.20 14.00 7.07 5.60
1/0 14.00 12.20 6.10 4.85 13.20 11.40 5.70 4.57
2/0 11.80 10.20 5.10 4.05 10.60 9.21 4.60 3.68
3/0 9.80 8.50 4.27 3.43 8.87 7.59 3.85 3.08
4/0 8.40 7.30 3.67 2.94 7.57 6.55 3.28 2.62
250KCmil 7.70 6.70 3.37 2.70 6.86 5.95 2.97 2.38
300 7.00 6.10 3.04 2.44 5.75 4.98 2.49 1.98
350 6.60 5.70 2.85 2.28 5.36 4.64 2.32 1.86
400 6.20 5.40 2.70 2.16 5.09 4.41 2.20 1.75
500 5.80 5.00 2.49 2.00 4.66 4.04 2.02 1.62
600 5.50 4.80 2.40 1.91 4.29 3.72 1.86 1.49
750 5.20 4.50 2.26 1.80 4.05 3.51 1.76 1.41

C/C1- Aluminum Cables in Duct (Per 100’)

C–MAGNETIC DUCT C1–NON-MAGNETIC DUCT
CABLE 3 PHASE VOLTAGE 3 PHASE VOLTAGE
SIZE 208 240 480 600 208 240 480 600

#8 129.00 112.00 56.00 45.00 129.75 112.45 56.20 45.00

6 83.00 72.00 36.00 29.00 80.00 69.10 34.60 27.70
4 53.00 46.00 23.00 18.50 51.10 44.20 22.10 17.70
2 35.00 30.00 15.00 12.00 33.00 25.70 14.30 11.40
1 28.00 24.00 12.00 9.50 26.30 22.80 11.40 9.12
1/0 21.50 18.50 9.70 7.70 21.20 18.40 9.20 7.36
2/0 18.50 16.00 8.00 6.40 17.00 14.70 7.34 5.87
3/0 15.00 13.00 6.50 5.20 13.80 12.00 6.02 4.79
4/0 12.50 11.00 5.50 4.40 11.50 9.95 4.98 3.99
250KCmil 11.10 9.60 4.80 3.85 10.10 8.72 4.36 3.49
300 9.90 8.60 4.30 3.42 8.13 7.04 3.52 2.81
350 8.60 7.40 3.70 3.00 7.49 6.50 3.07 2.45
400 8.30 7.20 3.60 2.90 6.87 5.95 2.98 2.38
500 7.40 6.40 3.20 2.60 6.12 5.31 2.66 2.13
600 7.20 6.20 3.10 2.44 5.30 4.59 2.29 1.83
750 6.50 5.60 2.80 2.22 4.85 4.20 2.10 1.69

Note: For parallel runs divide factor by number of conductors per phase.
Example: If factor for a single 500KCmil conductor is 2.49 then the factor for a run having 3-500KCmil per phase
is 2.49 ∏ 3 = .83 (Example from Table B, 480 volts)

L 40
APPLICATION INFORMATION
QUICK THREE PHASE SHORT CIRCUIT CALCULATIONS (Continued) Isc = 120,000
Total Factor
Component Factor Tables - Bus Duct
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT

TOTAL FACTOR Isc - RMS AMPERES

D- Factors for Feeder* Bus Duct (Per 100’)
.6 200,000
FACTOR .7
DUCT 3 PHASE VOLTAGE .8 150,000
AMPERE COPPER ALUMINUM .9
1 120,000
RATING 208 240 480 600 208 240 480 600 110,000
100,000
600 2.85 2.48 1.24 .99 2.54 2.19 1.10 .88
90,000
800 1.61 1.40 .70 .56 2.54 2.19 1.10 .88
1000 1.61 1.40 .70 .56 1.90 1.65 .82 .66 1.5 80,000

1200 1.21 1.06 .53 .42 1.60 1.36 .66 .54 75,000
1350 1.17 1.01 .51 .40 1.32 1.14 .57 .46
1600 1.03 .89 .45 .36 1.19 1.03 .52 .41 70,000
2000 .90 .78 .39 .31 .90 .77 .39 .31

2500 .63 .54 .27 .22 .70 .60 .30 .24 65,000
3000 .51 .44 .22 .18 .60 .52 .26 .21
4000 .37 .32 .16 .13 .43 .38 .19 .15
5000 .30 .26 .13 .10 -- -- -- -- 2 60,000

* These factors may be used with feeder duct manufactured by I-T-E, GE, Square D and Westinghouse. 55,000

50,000
2.5

D1- Factors for Plug-In** Bus Duct (Per 100’) 45,000

FACTOR
DUCT 3 PHASE VOLTAGE
3 40,000
AMPERE COPPER ALUMINUM
RATING 208 240 480 600 208 240 480 600
35,000
400 2.53 2.18 1.09 .89 3.88 3.34 1.67 1.36
600 2.53 2.18 1.09 .89 2.41 2.07 1.04 .84 4 30,000
800 1.87 1.61 .81 .66 2.41 2.07 1.04 .84
1000 1.87 1.61 .81 .66 1.69 1.45 .73 .59 25,000
5
1200 1.47 1.26 .63 .51 1.43 1.22 .61 .50
1350 1.26 1.08 .54 .44 1.30 1.12 .56 .45 6 20,000
1600 .91 .78 .39 .32 1.09 .94 .47 .38 7
2000 .79 .68 .34 .28 .89 .77 .38 .31 8 15,000
9
10
2500 .61 .52 .26 .21 .66 .57 .28 .23 11
3000 .48 .42 .21 .17 .59 .51 .25 .21 12 10,000

L
4000 .43 .37 .18 .15 .46 .40 .20 .16 14 9,000
16 8,000
5000 .38 .33 .16 .13 .35 .30 .15 .12 7,000
18
20 6,000
** These factors may be used with plug-in duct manufactured by GE, Square D and Westinghouse. 22
24 5,000
40 3,000
60 2,000
80 1,500
100
120 1,000

SCALE 1

L 41
APPLICATION INFORMATION

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

FUSE BLOCKS, FUSE HOLDERS, POWER DISTRIBUTION BLOCKS, FUSES & ACCESSORIES
ASTM POLYBUTYLENE POLYSULFONE
PROPERTY UNITS TEST PHENOLIC POLYCARBONATE POLYAMIDE TERPHTHALATE COPOLYMER POLYPHTALAMIDE

Specific Gravity - D792 1.4 1.21 1.36 1.6 1.52 1.71

IZOD ft-lb/in D256 0.29 4-6 3.2 1.2 1.8 1.5
Flexural Strength psi D790 11,000 13,200 38,000 27,000 26,900 37,300
Flexural Modulus psi D790 1.1 x 106 325,000 1.25 x 106 1.1 x 106 1.4 x 106 1.9 x 106
Tensile Strength psi D638 7,000 9,000 25,000 17,000 17,600 26,000
Compressive Strength psi D695 28,800 12,500 34,000 18,000 - -
Water Absorption 24 hrs % D570 0.45 0.15 1.3 0.06 0.1 0.18
Hardness Rockwell D785 M-110 M-85 R-105 R-119 - -
Dielectric Strength
60 hertz, 25ºC, s/t vpm - 300 425 435 460 500 460
60 hertz, 25ºC, s/s vpm - 250 425 - 460 - -
Dielectric Constant
60 hertz–dry - D150 5.96 3.01 - - - -
1 Mhertz–dry - D150 4.9 2.96 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.9
Volume Resistivity ohm-cm D257 50 x 106 >1016 1016 >3.4 x 1016 >1016 3 x 1016
Heat Deflection ºF D648 320 270 410 400 330 523
(ºF @ 264 psi)
Flammability (UL 94) - - 94 V-0 94 V-0 94 V-0 94 V-0 94 V-0 94 V-0
Relative Thermal Index (RTI)
(UL746B)
Electrical ºC - 150 125 150 130 150 140
Mechanical without impact ºC - 150 125 140 140 150 130

Note: Above data represents approximate values and are for reference only.

L 42
APPLICATION INFORMATION

Comparative Data of Stranded Recommended Tightening Small Ampere Rating Equivalents

Copper and Aluminum Cables Torque for Bolt-On and Stud
FRACTION DECIMAL MILLIAMPS
Mounted Fuses
AREA 1/100 0.0100 10
SIZE
AWG Circular Square English Sizes 1/64 0.0156 15
kcMil Mils Millimeters
1/32 0.03125 31
30 100.5 0.051 THREAD TIGHTENING TORQUE
28 159.8 0.081 SIZE 4/100 0.0400 40
26 254.1 0.123 ft.-lbs in-lbs
5/100(1/20) 0.0500 50
24 404.0 0.205
1/4-20 4 50
22 642.4 0.326 1/16 0.0625 62.5
20 1022 0.518
5/16-18 7.5 90 8/100 0.0800 80
18 1620 0.823
16 2580 1.31 1/8 0.1250 125
3/8-16 13 160
14 4110 2.08
15/100 0.150 150
12 6530 3.31
3/8-24 15 180
10 10380 5.26 16/100 0.160 160
8 16510 8.37
1/2-13 30 360 3/10 0.3000 300
6 26240 13.3
4 41740 21.2 315/1000 0.3150 315
1/2-20 31 375
3 52620 26.7
3/8 0.3750 375
2 66360 33.6
1 83690 42.4 4/10 0.4000 400
1/0 105600 53.5
Metric Sizes
1/2 0.5000 500
2/0 133100 67.4
3/0 167800 85.0 THREAD TIGHTENING TORQUE 6/10 0.6000 600
4/0 211600 107 SIZE newton-meters in-lbs
630/1000 0.6300 630
250 - 127
300 - 152 M6 6 53 7/10 0.7000 700
350 - 177
M8 13 115 3/4 0.7500 750
400 - 203
500 - 253 8/10 0.8000 800
600 - 304 M10 26 230
9/10 0.9000 900
700 - 355
750 - 380 M12 45 398 1 1.000 1000
800 - 405
900 - 456
1000 - 507
1250 - 634
1500 - 760
1750 - 887
2000 - 1014

L 43
APPLICATION INFORMATION
RULES FOR EQUIPMENT SHORT CIRCUIT RATING 10 REASONS FOR USING CURRENT-LIMITING FUSES
The National Electric Code (1999) states: ➤ RELIABILITY
No moving parts to wear or become contaminated by dust,
110-9. Interrupting Rating oil or corrosion.
“Equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels shall have
an interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit voltage ➤ LONG LIFE
and the current that is available at the line terminals of the equip- The speed of response of a fuse will not change or slow
ment. Equipment intended to interrupt current at other than fault down as the fuse ages. In other words, the fuse’s ability to
levels shall have an interrupting rating at nominal circuit voltage provide protection is not adversely affected by the passage
sufficient for the current that must be interrupted.” of time.

Enclosed fusible switches whether for individual wall mounting ➤ MINIMAL MAINTENANCE
or in equipment assemblies, are “equipment intended to Fuses do not require periodic recalibration as do electro
interrupt current”. With this in mind, both the switch and the mechanical overcurrent protective devices.
fuse must be adequately rated to satisfy code requirements.
➤ COMPONENT PROTECTION
The fuse must have an interrupting rating greater than the short The current limiting action of a fuse minimizes or eliminates
circuit current available at the line terminals of the switch. The component damage.
switch must have a short circuit current withstand rating greater
than the short circuit current available at the line terminals of the ➤ NORTH AMERICAN STANDARDS
switch. Tri-national Standards specify fuse performance and
maximum allowable fuse Ip and I2t let-thru values.
UL98 “Enclosed and Dead-Front Switches” requires that Listed
switches be tested with fuses to establish the short circuit cur- ➤ SELECTIVITY
rent withstand rating of the switch. The switch is then required to Fuses may be easily coordinated to provide selectivity under
be marked with its withstand rating, the appropriate UL fuse class both overload and short circuit conditions.
and maximum circuit voltage.
➤ HIGH INTERRUPTING RATING
You don’t pay a premium for high interrupting capacity.
Most low voltage current limiting fuses have a 200,000
FERRAZ SHAWMUT INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS ampere interrupting rating.

Misapplication (8 minutes) ➤ COST EFFECTIVE

An early film which dramatically shows the hazards of substitut- Fuses are generally the most cost effective means of
ing the wrong fuse at an industrial plant. providing overcurrent protection. This is especially true where
high fault currents exist or where small components need
Circuit Protection For The Future, Today (9 minutes) protection.
Shows a comparison of fuses and circuit breakers protecting
electrical equipment found in typical industrial plants. ➤ EXTENDED PROTECTION
Devices with low interrupting ratings are often rendered
AJT/IEC Contractor Protection (10 minutes) obsolete by service upgrades or increases in available fault
Demonstrates the difference between the protection requirements current. Non-fused systems may need expensive system
of North American and European motor control components. upgrades to maintain system safety.

A-T 2000 (12 minutes) ➤ SAFETY

Shows the importance of high current limitation and introduces Overcurrent protective devices which operate are often reset
the concept of “No Damage” protection. without first investigating to find the cause of opening.
Electro-mechanical devices which have opened high level
faults may not have the reserve capacity to open a 2nd or 3rd
fault safely. When a fuse opens it is replaced with a new fuse,
thus protection is not degraded by previous faults.

L 44
APPLICATION INFORMATION

SUGGESTED FUSE SPECIFICATIONS

1.0 General E. Circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels shall be protected
The electrical contractor shall furnish and install a complete set by Ferraz Shawmut Amp-Trap 2000 fuses Class RK1 (A2D or
of fuses for all fusible equipment on the job as specified by the A6D), Class J (AJT) or Class L (A4BQ) chosen in accordance
electrical drawings. Final tests and inspections shall be made with tested UL Series-connected combinations published in the
prior to energizing the equipment. This shall include tightening current yellow UL Recognized Component Directory.
all electrical connections and inspecting all ground conductors.
Fuses shall be as follows:
F. Lighting and control circuits in the connected combinations
2.0 Mains, Feeders and Branch Circuits shown up to 600VAC shall be protected by Ferraz Shawmut
Amp-Trap 2000 Class CC time-delay ATQR or ATDR fuses,
A. Circuits 601 to 6000 amperes shall be protected by current- sized according to the electrical drawings.
limiting Ferraz Shawmut Amp-Trap 2000 Class L time-delay
A4BQ fuses. Fuses shall be time-delay and shall hold 500% of 3.0 Spares
rated current for a minimum of 4 seconds, clear 20 times rated Spare fuses amounting to 10% (minimum three) of each type
current in .01 second or less and be UL Listed and CSA Certified and rating shall be supplied by the electrical contractor. These
with an interrupting rating of 200,000 amperes rms symmetrical. shall be turned over to the owner upon project completion. Fuses
shall be contained and cataloged within the appropriate number
B. Circuits 600 amperes or less shall be protected by current- of spare fuse cabinets (no less than one). Spare fuse cabinets
limiting Ferraz Shawmut Amp-Trap 2000 Class RK1 time-delay shall be equipped with a key lock handle, be dedicated for storage
A2D (250V) or A6D (600V) or Class J time-delay AJT fuses. of spare fuses and shall be GSFC, as supplied by Ferraz Shawmut.
Fuses shall hold 500% of rated current for a minimum of 10
seconds (30A, 250V Class RK1 case size shall be a minimum of 4.0 Execution
8 seconds) and shall be UL Listed and CSA Certified with an A. Fuses shall not be installed until equipment is to be energized.
interrupting rating of 200,000 amperes rms symmetrical. All fuses shall be of the same manufacturer to assure selective
coordination.
C. Motor Protection
All individual motor circuits shall be protected by Ferraz B. As-installed drawings shall be submitted to the engineer after
Shawmut Amp-Trap 2000 Class RK1, Class J or Class L time- completion of the job.
delay fuses as follows:
C. All fusible equipment rated 600 amperes or less shall be
Circuits up to 480A: Class RK1 - A2D (250V) or A6D(600V) equipped with fuse clips to accept Class RK1 or Class J fuses as
Class J - AJT noted in the specifications.

Circuits over 480A: Class L - A4BQ 5.0 Substitution

Fuse sizes indicated on drawings are based on Ferraz Shawmut
Fuse sizes for motor protection shall be chosen from tables Amp-Trap 2000 fuse current-limiting performance and selectivity
published by Ferraz Shawmut for the appropriate fuse. Heavy ratios. Alternative submittals to furnish materials other than those
load and maximum fuse ratings are also shown for applications specified, shall be submitted to the engineer in writing two
where typical ratings are not sufficient for the starting current of weeks prior to bid date, along with a short circuit and selective
the motor. coordination study.
L
D. Motor Controllers
Motor controllers shall be protected from short circuits by Ferraz
Shawmut Amp-Trap 2000 time-delay fuses. For Type 2 protection
of motor controllers, fuses shall be chosen in accordance with
motor control manufacturers’ published recommendations, based
on Type 2 test results. The fuses shall be Class RK1 A2D (250V)
or A6D (600V) or Class J AJT or Class CC ATDR (600V).

L 45

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Power and Control Fuses

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Power and Control Fuses

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APPLICATION INFORMATION

INDEX TO APPLICATION INFORMATION

Kiloamperes (Abbreviated kA) Time Delay Fuse L

Medium Voltage (601-34,500V) Low Voltages (600V or less)

➤ Current-limiting motor starter fuses are available for

250 Class H 0-600 10 Includes renewables

300 Class T 0-1200 200 Very small dimensions

600 Class H 0-600 10 Includes renewables

130-4000 Semiconductor 0-2000 200 Many sizes UL component recognized

600-4300 Capacitor 25-225 200 Variety of mountings

250, 600 Welder 70-600 200 Class H, J, or L dimensions

BLADE BODY FILLER ELEMENT

FUSE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

The typical fuse consists of an element which is surrounded by a

The element is a calibrated conductor. Its configuration, its

The heat generated by the element is absorbed by the filler and

When a sustained overload occurs, the element will generate

This characteristic is desirable because it parallels the character-

A time-current characteristic curve for a specific fuse is shown

Information can be accessed from these curves in several ways:

➤ The curves can be used in other ways by the designer. For

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

Three Phase Motor Fuse Selection UL Classes RK5, RK1 and J

400 382 -- 601 700

The 10 or 3 Second Start

Consult the factory for application assistance for ratings

To accommodate this inrush current, fuses are often selected

Recommended Primary Fuses for 240 Volt, Three Phase Transformers

Primary Fuse Ratings - 2400, 4160, 4800 Volts

Primary Fuse Ratings - 6900, 7200, 8320 Volts

112-1/2 9 - - 9 - - 7.8 10E 10E

Primary Fuse Ratings - 12,000, 12,470, 13,200 Volts

Primary Fuse Ratings -13,800, 14,400 Volts

Isc = 600 Volts = 6000 Amperes

UL248 Up to 600V DC .01 second 10kA or higher

MSHA & 300 or 600V DC .016 second 10kA or higher

Table 2- DC Ratings of General Purpose Shawmut Fuses

Graph B- Conductor Inductance ATM 0 to 30A 500V 100kA UL 248-14

Table 3-DC Voltage Ratings of Component

(1) The X-axis is labeled “Available Fault Current” in RMS

Note, from Figure 4, since clearing time “B” is approximately

The I2t passed by a given fuse is dependent upon the characteristics

Fuse I2t value can be used to determine the level of protection

BUS DUCT SHORT-CIRCUIT PROTECTION

Ampere rating 100,000 volt-amps = 208 amps

Suggestions: A4J225 or A6K225R

Terminations Selecting a Cable Protector

*These ratios apply to fuses rated 61-6000A.

Note: Selectivity is maintained on all overcurrents up to the maximum

Primary Fuse Ratings Selective With

2400V Secondary System

6900V Secondary System

Proper selection of the overload relay assures selectivity for all

In summary, each basic component of the industrial electrical dis-

Component Factor Tables- Transformers A1- Transformer Correction Factors

Component Factor Tables - Cables in Duct

B/B1- Copper Cables in Duct (Per 100’)

#8 79.00 68.00 34.00 27.00 78.00 67.60 33.80 27.10

C/C1- Aluminum Cables in Duct (Per 100’)

#8 129.00 112.00 56.00 45.00 129.75 112.45 56.20 45.00

TOTAL FACTOR Isc - RMS AMPERES

D1- Factors for Plug-In** Bus Duct (Per 100’) 45,000

Specific Gravity - D792 1.4 1.21 1.36 1.6 1.52 1.71

Comparative Data of Stranded Recommended Tightening Small Ampere Rating Equivalents

Misapplication (8 minutes) ➤ COST EFFECTIVE

A-T 2000 (12 minutes) ➤ SAFETY

SUGGESTED FUSE SPECIFICATIONS

Circuits over 480A: Class L - A4BQ 5.0 Substitution

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