9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 1
Explain the functions of lines
in drawing
TLE_ICTIL9-12PVId-1
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter I - Explain the functions of lines in drawing
Information and Communications Technology
Illustration TLE_ICTIL9-12PVId-1
First Edition 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
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other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

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copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region III

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Jose Arthur B. Tijam Jr.
Language Reviewer: Maribel C. Fabian
Content Editor: Ailene V. Clemente
Illustrator: Jose Arthur B. Tijam Jr.
Layout Artist: Jose Arthur B. Tijam Jr.

Management Team:
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., Ed.D.
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Rainelda M. Blanco, Ph.D.

Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS

Agnes R. Bernardo, Ph.D.

EPS-Division ADM Coordinator

Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II

Jay Arr V. Sangoyo, Ph.D.

EPS – English

Joannarie C. Garcia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: [email protected]
 10
Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 1
Explain the functions of lines
in drawing
TLE_ICTIL9-12PVIc-1
 Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 10 Project CAP-LRE Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Information and Communication Technology - Illustration.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from public
institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the standards
set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Technology and Livelihood Education 9 Project CAP-LRE Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Information and Communication Technology - Illustration.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module will help you explain the functions of lines in drawing. In addition,
this will equip you with knowledge and understanding on the alphabet of lines.

At the end of this module you are expected to:

1. identify the alphabet of lines;

2. describe the functions and properties of each alphabet of lines;
3. select and use alphabet of lines based on expected output.

What I Know
Hello! I hope that you are feeling well today. Make yourself physically and
mentally ready for our new lesson. But before that, let us assess your initial understanding
about our new lesson. Feel free to answer the following questions.

Directions: Read each statement carefully then choose the BEST answer among the
choices. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

____1. What is the other term for Alphabet of Lines?

a. Line Symbols b. Variety of Lines c. Types of Lines d. Line Codes

____2. It is a thick line that represents features that can be seen in the current view or outline of
the object.
a. hidden line b. section line c. visible line d. dimension line

____3. This line represents the axis or center of symmetrical shapes like a ball washer,
rectangular block, or cube.
a. section line b. center line c. dimension line d. visible line

____4. A thin line that extends from the object in order to show the sizes and location of features
is called ___.
a. dimension line b. center line c. section line d. extension line

____5. It is a thick line drawn freehand to show details that a part has been cut off or broken out.
a. short-break line b. long-break line c. phantom line d. leader line

____6. It is a thick line used to indicate an imaginary cut through an object along the line.
a. phantom line b. leader line c. short-break line d. cutting-plane line

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____7. This line is used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view.
a. hidden line b. section line c. visible line d. dimension line

____8. A series of thin lines to show the surface that has been cut. They are spaced evenly at 45
degrees at the horizontal to make shaded effect.
a. hidden line b. section line c. visible line d. dimension line

____9. This thin line with an arrowhead in one end is used to indicate the measurements of the
object.
a. dimension line b. center line c. section line d. extension line

___10. What refers to a medium thick line consisting of broken and straight lines drawn
alternately?
a. short-break line b. long-break line c. phantom line d. leader line

For nos. 11-15, Match Column A with Column B.

____11. center line a.

____12. section line b.

____13. dimension line c.

____14. leader line d.

____15. phantom line e.

Nice start! let us go and continue working with the succeeding activities. Come with
me and explore the world of Illustration.

What’s In
Welcome to the world of Information and Computer Technology. Before we
proceed, let us try to recall the previous lesson. Can you identify the type of the following
drawing media? Under the Type column, write word Wet or Dry to describe the drawing
media listed under the left column.

Drawing Media Type (Dry or Wet)

1. Marker

2. Pencil

3. Brush

4. Charcoal

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 Drawing Media Type (Dry or Wet)

5. Chalk

6. Ink

7. Paint

8. Silverpoint

9. Dip Pen

10. Crayons

Good job! You showed mastery of the previous lesson and your acquired skill will help
you much for our new lesson. You can now proceed to the next stage. Good luck!

What’s New
To give you a glimpse of the new lesson, try to look and analyze the technical
drawing below.
How many sets of lines can you identify? What are these? Write your answer on the
space provided

1. _________________ 5. _________________ 9. __________________

2. _________________ 6. _________________ 10. _________________

3. _________________ 7. _________________ 11. _________________

4. _________________ 8. _________________ 12. _________________

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 This time while reading the content, try to understand and follow series of
instructions to learn new skills. Are you ready? Here we go!

What is It
Line is one of the most important Elements of Art. Imagine creating a painting,
sculpture or design without drawing lines, or to divide the paper or canvas into shapes and
forms. Think about how important role a line plays in the creation process. Lines can
communicate an idea or express a feeling. They can appear static or active. Lines define
objects.

Line
 is the path of a moving point such as horizontal, vertical, diagonal
 is the mark left by a tool: brush, pencil, pen, etc
 defines the position and direction of a design, image or form
 has different types including vertical, horizontal, diagonal, contour or a combination of
these
 may be curved, straight, thick, thin, smooth, long, short and so forth
 is used to create shape, pattern, texture, space, movement and optical illusion in
design
 allows artist to demonstrate delicacy or force
 can express various moods and feelings

A drawing is made up of different lines. Each line represents something. A surface,

a hidden surface, an extension of a surface, a center of a hole, or a line with dimension on it.
In order to make the drawing easier to read and understand, each kind of line is drawn with a
different line weight.
Lines have different types, thickness, and their shapes have their own meanings.
These line symbols used in drawings or even technical drawings are called Alphabet of Lines
which are also known as “Line Symbols.”

Alphabet of Lines

1. Visible Line
A thick line that represents features which can be
seen in the current view or outline of the object. It is
also known as the object line, continuous and thick.
(0.5-0.6mm)

2. Hidden Line
A medium thick line composed of short dashes
about 2-3 millimeters long with space between
dashes about 1-2 millimeters wide; and is also used
to represent features that cannot be seen in the
current view.

3. Center Line
A thin line consisting of two long dashes and short
dash draw alternately with a cap of at least 2
millimeters in between. It represents the axis or
center of symmetrical shapes like a ball washer,
rectangular block, or cube.
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4. Section Line
A thin line used to show the surface that has been cut, they are spaced
evenly at 45 degrees to the horizontal to make shaded effect.
extension line
5. Extension Line
A thin line that extends from the object in order to show the
sizes and location of features.

6. Dimension Line
A thin line with an arrowhead in both ends and used
to indicate the measurements of the object.

7. Long-break Line
A medium thick line consisting of broken and
straight lines drawn alternately. The is also known
as the limiting line. This limits the length of an
elongated object without changing the size of its
view.

8. Short-break Line
Thick line drawn freehand to show details that a
part has been cut off or broken out.

9. Leader Line
A short inclined thin line with an arrowhead at the
end and short horizontal line on the other end. This
line is used to connect a dimension line with a
particular area or point on the drawing. It is also
used to show notes or labels.

10. Phantom Line

A thin line that shows position(s) of part of an object
that moves represented by two short dashes and
one long dash. It is used to represent a moveable
feature in its different positions.

11. Cutting-plane Line

A thick line used to indicate an imaginary cut
through an object along the line. It is made up of
two long dashes broken one end with an arrowhead
and two short dashes drawn in between the long
dashes.

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 In technical drawing, it is important to know the characteristics of Alphabet of Lines.
The examples are drawn below with exact measurements.

8
 To better understand how these Alphabet of Lines are used, study and analyze the
illustration below. Observe how the lines are drawn and used.

There are seven primary functions of line, these are the following:

1. To convey its own intrinsic beauty

2. To divide or limit an area or space
3. To delineate a thought or symbol
4. To define form by edge or contour
5. To catch and direct the eye or tonal gradation
6. To produce a grey or tonal gradation
7. To create design or arrangement.

After completing the lesson about Line and Alphabet of Lines, let’s check the level of
your understanding by answering series of activities and assessments.

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 What’s More

Independent Activity 1

Matching Lines
Directions: Match the Alphabet of Lines with their respective characteristics. Write the letter
of your answer on the space provided.

a.
___ 1. Hidden Line

b.
___ 2. Dimension Line

___ 3. Center Line c.

___ 4. Section Line d.

___ 5. Phantom Line e.

Independent Assessment 1

Write Down The Line

Directions: Identify the Alphabet of Lines that are being used on the given figures. Write
your answer on space provided.

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 8.

9.

10.

Independent Activity 2

The Bottom Line

Directions: Identify the alphabet of lines being described based on their functions and uses.

1. This line is used to represent features that can be seen in the current view or outline
of the object.

2. This line is used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view.

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 3. This thin line is used to show that the surface that has been cut and drawn in 45
degrees at the horizontal to make shaded effect.

4. It is a thin line that represents a movable feature in its different positions.

5. It is a short inclined thin line used to show notes or labels.

Independent Assessment 2
I Got That Line
Directions: Choose the best description on the following Alphabet of Lines. Encircle the
letter of you answer.

1. Short-break Line
a. to show details that apart that has been cut off
b. to indicate measurements of the object

2. Hidden Line
a. to represent current view b. to represent features that cannot be seen

3. Visible Line
a. to represent the axis of center b. to represent current view

4. Long-break Line
a. to show sizes and location of features b. to limit the length of an elongated
object

5. Cutting-plane Line
a. to indicate an imaginary cut b. to show notes or labels

6. Extension Line
a. to show sizes and location of features b. to limit the length of an elongated

7. Section Line
a. to show surface that has been cut b. to represent the axis of center

8. Center Line
a. to represent the axis of center b. to represent current view

9. Phantom Line
a. to show notes or labels b. to represent a movable feature

10. Leader Line

a. to indicate an imaginary cut b. to show notes or labels
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Independent Activity 3

Draw The Line

Directions: Draw the given Alphabet of Lines inside the box.

1. Visible Line

2. Hidden Line

3. Center Line

4. Section Line

5. Extension Line

6. Dimension Line

7. Long-break Line

8. Short-break Line

9. Leader Line

10. Phantom Line

Independent Assessment 3

Master Line
Directions: Analyze the given figures at the center. Identify the alphabet of Lines used in the
figure, then draw them inside the corresponding boxes

1. Draw the visible lines 2. Draw the hidden lines

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3. Draw the dimension lines 4. Draw the center lines

5. Draw the section lines 6. Draw the cutting-plane lines

7. Draw the Long-break lines 8. Draw the Short-break lines

What I Have Learned

To summarize what you’ve learned in this module, complete the statements below.

After a series of activities and assessments, I have learned that:

 Line is one of the most
________________________________________________.
 Lines have different (1)_____________, (2)_____________, and shapes
(3)____________ have their own meanings.
The Alphabet of Lines are:
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 1. __________________ 7. _________________
2. __________________ 8. _________________
3. __________________ 9. _________________
4. __________________ 10. _________________
5. __________________ 11. _________________
6. __________________

What I Can Do
You are an awesome because you’ve come this far. In this stage, you will apply
what you’ve learned about the lesson.
Using a pencil and a ruler, copy the illustration below on a blank bond paper. Be
reminded to follow the correct properties of Alphabet of Lines. Enjoy working!

Assessment

You are a smart student for reaching this stage. Now, let us test your learning for the
whole module. Answer this post assessment.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read each statement and choose the BEST answer. Write the letter of your choice
on the space provided.

____1. It is the path of a moving point such as horizontal, vertical, and diagonal.
a. Line b. Plane c. Lane d. Path

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____2. What is the other term for Alphabet of Lines?
b. Line Symbols b. Variety of Lines c. Types of Lines d. Line Codes

____3. A thick line that represents features that can be seen in the current view or outline of the
object is called ____.
a. hidden line b. section line c. visible line d. dimension line

____4. This line represents the axis or center of symmetrical shapes like a ball washer,
rectangular block, or cube.
a. section line b. center line c. dimension line d. visible line

____5. What is a thin line that extends from the object in order to show the sizes and location of
features?
a. dimension line b. center line c. section line d. extension line

____6. It is a thick line drawn freehand to show details that a part has been cut off or broken out.
a. short-break line b. long-break line c. phantom line d. leader line

____7. This thick line is used to indicate an imaginary cut through an object along the line.
a. phantom line b. leader line c. short-break line d. cutting-plane line

____8. It is a line used to represent features that cannot be seen in the current view.
a. hidden line b. section line c. visible line d. dimension line

____9. These series of thin lines are used to show the surface that has been cut. They are spaced
evenly at 45 degrees at the horizontal to make shaded effect.
a. hidden line b. section line c. visible line d. dimension line

___10. A thin line with an arrowhead in one end and used to indicate the measurements of the
object is called ____.
a. dimension line b. center line c. section line d. extension line

___11. It is a medium thick line consisting of broken and straight lines drawn alternately.
a. short-break line b. long-break line c. phantom line d. leader line

___12. This thin line represents a moveable feature in its different positions.
a. phantom line b. leader line c. short-break line d. cutting-plane line

___13. What is the other term for long-break line?

a. broken Line b. stopping Line c. limiting line d. boundary line

___14. It is the average thickness of visible line.

a. 0.5-0.6 mm b. 0.6-0.7mm c. 0.7-0.8 mm d. 0.8-0.9 mm

___15. Section lines are with spaces evenly drawn at what degrees?
a. 30° b. 35° c. 40° d. 45°

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 For nos. 16-20. Identify the figures being represented by the following Alphabet of Lines.
Choose your answer from the given choices. Write only the letter of your answer on the space
provided.

a. b. c.

d. e.

___16. Short-break line

___17. Section line
___18. Center line
___19. Cutting-plane line
___20. Long-break line

Additional Activity
I’m very sure that you’ve passed the post assessment. Let us explore
more and extend your skill with this activity. On a blank short bond paper, copy the
given illustration and observe the required Alphabet of Lines.

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Answer Key

18
References

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Learning Module

Santos, Christian B. et. al. Illustration 9 Learning Material, 2017, Edited by Michelle M. Canbri,
Criselda V. Cabusas, Jocelyn G. Dinglasan, Bernardino S. Facun, Clarissa P.
Dela Cruz, Jose C. Vasallo Enrique Rigor P. Flores, Dr. Joel I. Vasallo and Dr.
Carlito G. Dela Cruz.Schools Division of Bulacan

Websites

Costin, Ric. “The Language of Lines.” Basic Blueprint Reading. Open Oregon Educational Resources.
Accessed September 22, 2020. https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/blueprint/chapter
/unit-1-the- language-of-lines/.

Ontavilla, Violeta. LINE, January 1, 1970. http://visualartspdsf.blogspot.com/2012/01/elements-of-art-

line.html.

Author: William Anderson (Schoolworkhelper Editorial Team) https://schoolworkhelper.net/

Tutor and Freelance Writer. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. Article last
reviewed: 2019 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2020 | Creative Commons 4.0,
Author: and Tutor and Freelance Writer. Science Teacher and Lover of Essays. Article
last reviewed: 2019 | St. Rosemary Institution © 2010-2020 | Creative Commons 4.0.
“TECHNICAL DRAWING & ALPHABET OF LINE.”SchoolWorkHelper.Accessed
September 23, 2020. https://schoolworkhelper.net/technical-drawing-alphabet-of-line/.

Juan Miguel Palero Follow. “TLE 9 (Technical Drafting) - Alphabet of Lines.” SlideShare, October 21,
2016. https://www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/tle-9-technical-drafting-alphabet-of-lines.

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