ASSIGNMENT- 1

CEN-563

DELHI

SUNIL KUMAR MEENA

20113168
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Delhi at Glance
Delhi: India's Capital
- Delhi is the capital city of India, located in the northern part of the country.
- It is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and status as a major political, economic, and cultural

center in India.
-Delhi(NCT) consists 11 districts, whereas the whole NCR consist of 38 districts covering an

area of about 55,083 sq kms

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The suburban wise details of whole NCR is as below

Road Patterns in Delhi

“Radial” type of road network is being adopted in Delhi that consists of several NATIONAL
HIGHWAYS, EXPRESSWAYS, STATE HIGHWAYS, ARTERIAL ROADS, ODR’S AND MDR’S. This wide web of
road network is well maintained by several state and central agencies like NHAI, PWD, MCD, NDMC
Delhi cantonment board and DDA.
There are 5 National Highways, NH-1, NH-2, NH-38, NH-310 and NH-324 that converges into Delhi.
Expressways: Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway, DND Flyover, Delhi-Faridabad Skyway, Delhi-Meerut
Expressway
Other than this there are 2 Ring Roads that traverse the periphery of Delhi

1. Arterial Roads: Major roads like Outer Ring Road, Inner Ring Road, and Mahatma Gandhi Marg
connect different parts of Delhi.

2. Expressways: High-speed routes include Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway and Yamuna Expressway.

3. Ring Roads: Delhi has two ring roads, Outer Ring Road and Inner Ring Road, encircling different
parts of the city.

4. National Highways: Examples are NH1 (NH44) connecting Delhi to Punjab and Jammu and
Kashmir, and NH2 linking Delhi to Bihar and West Bengal.

5. Local Streets: These crisscross neighborhoods, providing access to residential and commercial
areas.

6. Flyovers and Underpasses: Prominent examples include the Dhaula Kuan Flyover and the Rao Tula
Ram Flyover.

7. Road Expansion and Improvement: Ongoing projects like the Delhi-Meerut Expressway and
Eastern Peripheral Expressway aim to enhance road infrastructure.

9. BRT Corridors: Dedicated bus lanes on certain routes, such as the Ambedkar Nagar-Moolchand
BRT corridor.

10. Pedestrian Zones: Areas like Connaught Place offer pedestrian-friendly environments.
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Radial and circular road pattern was adopted in road network of Connaught place

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highways_and_expressways_in_Delhi
https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/PragatiKiNayiGati/pdf/delhi.pdf
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Transport modes available

1. Metro Rail:

The Delhi Metro, a crown jewel of the city's transportation, is an exemplar of efficiency and speed. It
spans 391 km across 12 lines with 287 stations, daily ridership of 25.1 lakhs (2021-22) and annual
ridership of 179 crores (2019) and is continuously expanding. Key features include:

- Speed and Reliability

- Accessibility

- Environmentally Friendly
Number of cities 5 (New Delhi, Faridabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad)
Number of vehicles 336
Train length 6/8 coaches
Headway 3min
system length 391km

Track Gauge 1676mm Broad gauge (Red, Yellow, and Blue lines)

1435mm Standard Gauge (other lines)

Electrification 25KV 50Hz AC Overhead catenary

Delhi metros current network:

Source: wiki
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Average Daily ridership

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Metro#cite_note-ridership2017-180

Map and Network

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) operates a network of feeder buses to enhance the
connectivity of its metro services. These feeder buses are designed to provide convenient
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transportation options for passengers traveling to and from metro stations, particularly to areas that
may not be easily accessible by metro alone. Here is an overview of DMRC feeder buses:

Purpose

- Feeder buses are meant to complement the Delhi Metro network by providing last-mile
connectivity to metro stations.

- They serve areas where the metro system may not have direct access or where passengers need a
convenient mode of transport to reach their final destination after disembarking from the metro.

2. Buses:

Delhi, as the capital city of India, has an extensive and diverse network of bus facilities to cater to the
transportation needs of its residents and visitors. The city's bus services are managed by various
authorities, including the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit
System (DIMTS), and private bus operators. Here's an overview of bus facilities in Delhi:

1. Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC):

- DTC is the government-owned public bus transport service in Delhi.

- It operates a vast fleet of buses, including standard buses, low-floor buses, and air-conditioned
buses.

- DTC buses cover a wide range of routes, connecting different neighborhoods, commercial areas,
and important landmarks.

- The buses are known for their distinctive red and green color scheme.

- DTC has introduced several initiatives to improve bus services, including GPS tracking, electronic
ticketing, and women-only buses for enhanced safety.

2. Cluster Buses:

- Delhi's bus services are partly operated through the Cluster Scheme, managed by DIMTS.

- Under this scheme, routes are grouped into clusters, and private bus operators run services on
these routes.

- These buses are known for their orange and green color scheme.

3. Blue Line Buses:

- Blue Line buses are privately operated and have been integrated into the public transport system.

- They serve as an essential part of Delhi's public transportation, especially in areas where DTC
services may be limited.
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Performance of DTC Buses at Neight

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3. Auto-rickshaws and Cycle-rickshaws:

These iconic three-wheeled vehicles are synonymous with Delhi's streets. They are a crucial mode for
short-distance travel, embodying:

- Last-Mile Connectivity:

- Affordability

4. Taxis and Ride-Sharing Services:

App-based taxi and ride-sharing services like Uber and Ola have revolutionized Delhi's transportation
landscape, offering:

- Convenience

- Safety

5. Private Vehicles:

Despite efforts to promote public transport, private vehicles, including cars and motorcycles, still
form a significant portion of daily commuters. This mode offers:

- Personalized Mobility

- Comfort

6. Non-Motorized Transport:

Walking and cycling play a vital role in Delhi's transportation, offering sustainability and promoting a
healthy lifestyle. Features include:

- Pedestrian-Friendly Zones

- Cycle Lanes

7. Airport connectivity
The city is served by the Indira Gandhi International Airport, which connects Delhi to domestic and
International destinations

8. Railways

Delhi is a major railway hub with several railway stations, including New Delhi Railway Station, Old
Delhi Railway Station, and Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station, providing connectivity to various parts
of India.
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Mode Shares
Mode Share for Motorised trips-2018

Public Transport statistics for NCT of Delhi

Source: DIMTS
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Source: DIMTS

External Road connectivity to the city

1. National Highways: Delhi is linked to other states in India through a network of National Highways
(NHs), including NH1 (NH44), NH2, NH8 (NH48), and NH24.

2. Yamuna Expressway: This six-lane expressway connects Delhi to Agra, significantly reducing travel
time and enhancing connectivity to Uttar Pradesh.

3. Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway: It connects Delhi to Gurgaon (Gurugram), a prominent business and IT

hub in Haryana.

4. Delhi-Faridabad Skyway: An elevated expressway connecting Delhi to Faridabad, improving

regional connectivity.

5. Delhi-Noida Direct (DND) Flyway: This toll road crosses the Yamuna River, connecting Delhi to
Noida, another major business and residential area.

6. Peripheral Expressways: Surrounding Delhi, expressways like the Eastern and Western Peripheral
Expressways redirect non-essential traffic to reduce congestion.

7. Delhi-Meerut Expressway: This project improves connectivity between Delhi and Meerut in Uttar
Pradesh.
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https://ncrpb.nic.in/pdf_files/Chapter%202_FNPLTr_Rd.%20Net.pdf

Railways
The major railway stations in Delhi include New Delhi Railway Station, Old Delhi Railway Station,
Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station, Anand Vihar Railway Terminal, and Sarai Rohilla Railway
Station connecting Delhi to different cities across country
source: NR
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Waterways
Delhi, being a landlocked city, does not have significant navigable waterways within its boundaries.
The city is situated far from major rivers or coastal areas, which limits the development of water-
based transportation systems. Delhi primarily relies on road, rail, and air transportation for both
passenger and cargo movement.

Airport connectivity
Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI Airport)
- Located 16 km southwest of the city center.
- Three terminals: Terminal 1 (Domestic), Terminal 2 (Domestic), and Terminal 3 (International and
Domestic).
- Connects Delhi to major international and domestic destinations.
- Transportation options include the Airport Express Metro Line, buses, taxis, ride-sharing services,
and rental cars.
Domestics Connectivity
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International Connectivity
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b) Collect basic information about the current public transportation system and city:

Delhi had a well-established and evolving public transportation system that included the following
key modes:

1. Delhi Metro: The Delhi Metro is a rapid transit system that serves as the backbone of public
transportation in the city.

2. Buses: The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) operates a vast fleet of buses, including standard
buses, low-floor buses, and air-conditioned buses. These buses cover an extensive network of routes
within Delhi and connect the city to its suburbs. Private bus operators also contribute to the city's
bus services.

3. Feeder Buses: The Delhi Metro is complemented by a network of feeder buses that provide last-
mile connectivity to metro stations, making it easier for commuters to access the metro system.

4. Auto-Rickshaws and Cycle-Rickshaws

5. Taxis and Ride-Sharing Services

6. Shared Electric Mobility

7. Dedicated Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Corridors

8. Cycling and Walking Infrastructure

9. Integrated Fare Systems

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Institute and bodies involved in Delhi’s Public Transport

Geography:

Delhi is located in the northern part of India and serves as the capital of the country.
The National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is divided into several administrative districts, including
Central Delhi, South Delhi, North Delhi, East Delhi, and West Delhi.
Delhi covers a large area, totaling around 1,484 square kilometers.

Population Distribution
Delhi, or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of India, is a large metropolitan area in India. Delhi
is the fifth most populous city in the world and the largest city in India area-wise.
The current population of Delhi is estimated as 20.5 million and is forecasted as 25.1 million in the
year 2031 and 30.8 million in the year 2041.

Demographics:

- Delhi is a diverse and cosmopolitan city, with residents from various cultural, linguistic, and socio-
economic backgrounds.

- The city is home to a mix of urban and rural populations, with a significant influx of people from
other parts of India seeking employment and opportunities.

Wards and Municipal Regions:

- Delhi is divided into multiple municipal regions and wards for administrative purposes.

- Each municipal region may have its own transportation infrastructure and services managed by the
respective municipal corporations.
- The distribution of public transportation services, such as buses and metro stations, is designed to
serve the needs of residents across different municipal regions and wards.
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Source: Study on Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) in Delhi

The type of the transit system (e.g., the ROW and vehicle types, the capacity of the vehicle, the
power source)

1. Delhi Metro:

- Right-of-Way (ROW): The Delhi Metro operates both underground and elevated lines. Underground
sections are typically built using tunneling methods, while elevated sections are constructed on
viaducts.

- Vehicle Types: Delhi Metro primarily uses electric multiple unit (EMU) trains. These trains are
powered by overhead electric wires (catenary system) and are available in various configurations,
including standard, ladies-only, and air-conditioned coaches.

- Capacity: The seating capacity of Delhi Metro coaches varies, with standard coaches typically
accommodating around 300 to 400 passengers per train, while larger six-coach and eight-coach
trains can accommodate more passengers.

- Power Source: The Delhi Metro is electrified, and power is supplied through overhead catenary
wires.

2. Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) Buses:

- Right-of-Way (ROW): DTC buses primarily operate on roadways within the city, using dedicated bus
lanes where available and sharing road space with other vehicles.

- Vehicle Types: DTC operates a diverse fleet of buses, including standard buses, low-floor buses, and
air-conditioned buses. The fleet includes diesel, charging and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses.

- Capacity: The capacity of DTC buses varies depending on the type and model. Standard buses can
typically accommodate around 40 to 60 passengers, while articulated buses have higher capacities.

- Power Source: DTC has transitioned to CNG and Electrically-powered buses to reduce air pollution
in Delhi. However, a portion of the fleet may still include diesel-powered buses.
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3. Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS) Buses:

- Right-of-Way (ROW): DIMTS buses operate on city roadways, similar to DTC buses.

- Vehicle Types: DIMTS operates a mix of standard buses, including low-floor buses, semi-low-floor
buses, and air-conditioned buses.

- Capacity: The capacity of DIMTS buses varies depending on the type and model, with low-floor
buses accommodating around 30 to 40 passengers.

4. Delhi Transport Infrastructure Development Corporation (DTIDC) Buses:

- DTIDC operates a fleet of buses, including standard buses and air-conditioned buses.

- These buses are used for various routes within the city.

5. Delhi Metro Feeder Buses:

In addition to the main metro network, Delhi Metro also operates a network of feeder buses that
connect metro stations to nearby neighborhoods, providing convenient last-mile connectivity.

Other than these major modes there are

Auto-Rickshaws
Cycle-Rickshaws
E-Rickshaws
Shared Mobility Services
Delhi Airport Express
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The network geometry and other operational service characteristics (e.g., the total route
kilometers, vehicle, and passenger kilometers, revenue generated by service, and ridership).

Delhi Metro:

The Delhi Metro network spans multiple lines, with a total route length of over 390 kilometers
The metro system operates with electric multiple unit (EMU) trains, and many of its lines are
elevated or underground.
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the Delhi Metro carried an average daily ridership of over 5 million
passengers.
The Delhi Metro generates significant revenue through fare collection, advertising, and commercial
property development at metro stations.
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Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) Buses

DTC operates a vast bus network with numerous routes covering various parts of Delhi.
DTC operates a diverse fleet of standard buses, low-floor buses, and air-conditioned buses, including
both CNG and diesel buses.
DTC buses were known to carry millions of passengers daily before the pandemic, contributing
significantly to the city's public transportation. The total average daily ridership of buses (DTC +
CLUSTER) was 42.03 lakhs (in 2019)
Revenue is generated primarily through fare collection and advertising on buses.
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Availability of transit feed data (GTFS: General Transit Feed Specification)

All the concerned files related to GTFS data are attached here with
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Different ticketing systems (paper tickets, digital tickets, smart cards

etc.)

In Delhi, the public transportation system employs various ticketing systems to accommodate the
diverse needs of commuters.

1. Delhi Metro Card (Smart Card)

- The Delhi Metro Card is a contactless smart card that passengers can load with prepaid credit.

- Commuters tap the card on electronic readers at metro stations' entry and exit gates.

2.Metro Token:

- Passengers can purchase single-journey tokens at metro stations.

- These tokens are used for one trip and are inserted into fare gates.

3. DTC Bus Tickets:

- Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) buses primarily use paper tickets.

- Passengers purchase tickets from the conductor or ticket booths.

4. Cluster Scheme Buses (CTS) Smart Card:

- Cluster buses in Delhi, under the Cluster Scheme, accept a contactless smart card for fare
payment.

- Passengers tap the card on card readers upon boarding.

5. Contactless Mobile Ticketing:

- Some Delhi buses and the Delhi Metro accept mobile apps for ticketing.

- Commuters use mobile apps to purchase and display tickets or QR codes for entry.

6. Delhi Transport Common Mobility Card (One Card):

- The "One Card" initiative aims to integrate various forms of public transport (metro, buses, and
more) into a single contactless card.

- It allows seamless travel across different modes of transport.

7. Airport Express Line Tickets:

- The Delhi Airport Express Line offers paper tickets and smart card options for travel between the
airport and the city.

8. e-Tickets for Airport Express Line:

- Passengers can also purchase e-tickets online for the Airport Express Line, which feature QR codes
for entry.

9. Cash Payments:
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- Some buses may still accept cash payments directly to the conductor or fare collector.

10. Auto-Rickshaws and Cycle-Rickshaws:

- Auto-rickshaws often operate on a metered fare system, and passengers pay in cash.

Delhi Transport Common Mobility Card (One Card)

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Hand Stiched DTC AC Bus ticket

Electronically generated DTC AC

Bus Ticket

Pink Ticket for Women issued in DTC and cluster Electronically Generated
Busses Cluster Bus Ticket
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Is any application available to get real-time information on city public transport?

1. Open transit Data

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Department of Transport (Govt of NCT of Delhi) in association with IIIT-Delhi now publishes
transit datasets (static and dynamic/real-time) on Open Transit Data for enterprises, third-
party developers, researchers, and other members of the public to promote collaboration
and co-creation of innovative and inclusive transport solutions
Open Transit Data made available for viewing real time ETAs and GPS feeds of all buses

2. tomtom traffic Index

https://www.tomtom.com/traffic-index/new-delhi-traffic/

This platform can be used to get the real time traffic incident data like traffic jams, traffic flowrate,
hourly traffic volume, delays and much more
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3. tummoc application
https://tummoc.com/home
It is also being used in Delhi to generate the digital self ticket of the DTC and Cluster buses and to
track their Real time locations
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4. Chartr application
This can also being used to get the digital tickets through scanning QR codes in DTC buses
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Are passengers satisfied with the transit system?

The Below shows the passenger satisfaction analysis:

source: Deloitte City Mobility Index

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Source: Deloitte City Mobility Index

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c) What are the upcoming public transportation projects in these

cities/towns?
some notable upcoming public transportation projects in Delhi:

1. Delhi Metro Phase IV:

- The Delhi Metro Phase IV project aims to further expand the metro network by adding several
new lines and extensions.

- It includes the construction of new corridors, extensions to existing lines, and the addition of
more metro stations.

- The project is expected to enhance connectivity and reduce traffic congestion in various parts of
Delhi.

2. Delhi-Meerut RRTS (Regional Rapid Transit System):

- The Delhi-Meerut RRTS is a high-speed rail corridor connecting Delhi with Meerut in Uttar
Pradesh.

- It will provide a fast, efficient, and comfortable transit option for commuters traveling between
Delhi and Meerut.

- The project will significantly reduce travel time and ease congestion on the Delhi-Meerut highway.

3. Delhi BRTS (Bus Rapid Transit System) Expansion:

- Delhi's BRTS network was planned for expansion and improvement to create dedicated bus lanes
and improve bus services in various parts of the city.

- The expansion aims to provide efficient and reliable public transportation options.

4. Delhi Monorail:

- The Delhi government has considered the development of a monorail system to supplement
existing transportation infrastructure.

- Monorail lines may be planned for areas with high population density and traffic congestion.

5. Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (IMMTS):

- The IMMTS project seeks to enhance multi-modal connectivity by integrating various modes of
transportation, including buses, metro, cycling, and walking.

- It aims to provide commuters with seamless travel experiences across different modes.

6. Delhi Electric Buses:

- Plans were in place to introduce more electric buses into the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)
fleet to reduce air pollution and promote sustainable transportation.

7. Inter-Modal Stations:

- The development of inter-modal transit hubs, where different modes of transport converge, is
being considered to improve connectivity and accessibility.
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8. High-Speed Rail Corridors:

- India's national plan includes the development of high-speed rail (bullet train) corridors
connecting Delhi with other major cities, such as Mumbai and Varanasi.
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d) What are the major issues or concerns of public transportation in these cities, and qualitatively
discuss how you would improve the transit system in these cities/towns if you were assigned this
task?

For improving public transportation in Delhi, a city facing significant traffic congestion, pollution, and
rapid urbanization, several strategies and initiatives could be considered:

1. Metro Network Expansion

Continue the expansion of the Delhi Metro network by adding new lines and extensions to
underserved areas.
Prioritize connectivity to business districts, residential areas, and educational institutions.

2. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Expansion

Enhance and expand the BRT system to provide dedicated bus lanes, improved infrastructure, and
efficient bus services.
Ensure seamless integration with the metro and other modes of transportation.

3. Inter-Modal Transit Hubs

Develop integrated transit hubs where various modes of transport converge, allowing easy
transfers and providing amenities for passengers.
Promote multi-modal connectivity to reduce car dependency.

4. Electric and Sustainable Fleets

Transition to electric and eco-friendly buses to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
Explore options for electric rickshaws, e-bikes, and shared mobility services.

5. Fare Integration and Contactless Payments

Implement a unified fare system that allows passengers to use a single payment method (e.g.,
smart cards or mobile apps) for all modes of public transport.
Promote cashless transactions for faster boarding and reduced fare evasion.

6. Last-Mile Connectivity: Improve last-mile connectivity by introducing feeder services, shared

bicycles, and e-scooters to bridge the gap between transit stations and final destinations.

7. Real-Time Information and Wi-Fi

Provide real-time information about transit services, including arrival times and service alerts,
through mobile apps and digital displays.
Equip metro and buses with Wi-Fi connectivity for passenger convenience.

8. Inclusive Design and Accessibility

Ensure that all stations, vehicles, and services are accessible to people with disabilities, including
ramps, elevators, and tactile indicators.
Promote gender-sensitive design and safety measures.
9. Public Awareness Campaigns: Launch public awareness campaigns to promote the benefits of
using public transportation, including reduced traffic congestion, cost savings, and environmental
benefits.
10. Traffic Management and Congestion Pricing
Implement intelligent traffic management systems to optimize traffic flow and reduce
congestion.
Consider congestion pricing measures to discourage private vehicle use during peak hours.
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11. Green Initiatives

Increase greenery and shade along transportation corridors to mitigate the urban heat island
effect.
Promote cycling lanes and pedestrian-friendly zones to encourage non-motorized transport.
12. Citizen Engagement: Involve citizens and stakeholders in the planning and decision-making
process for transportation projects to ensure that they align with community needs.
13. Safety and Security Measures: Enhance security measures on public transport, including
surveillance cameras, emergency buttons, and visible staff presence, to improve passenger safety.
14. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): Encourage transit-oriented development around metro
and bus stations to promote mixed land use, reducing the need for long commutes.
15. Data Analytics: Utilize data analytics and technology to monitor and optimize public transport
operations, improving efficiency and service quality.
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REFREANCES
1. Final Projects report on Public transport accessibility levels (PATL)in Delhi by DIMTS
2. MPD-2041
3. Delhi-Crash-Report-Final-2021
4. Key initiatives report on decongestion of Delhi by MoRTH and NHAI
5. Delhi_GlobalCityMobility_WEB
6. Delhi Government Performance: 2015-2022
7. ECONOMIC SURVEY OF DELHI, 2022-23
8. Functional Plan on Transport for National Capital Region-2032
9. Base line report transport (MPD-2041) 2020
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