NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE
GRADE 11
NOVEMBER 2018
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY: ELECTRONICS
MARKING GUIDELINE
MARKS: 200
This marking guideline consists of 14 pages.
2 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE MARKERS
1. All questions with multiple answers imply that any relevant, acceptable answer
should be considered.
2. Calculations
2.1 All calculations must show the formulae.
2.2 Substitution of values must be done correctly.
2.3 All answers MUST contain the correct unit to be considered.
2.4 Alternative methods must be considered, provided that the correct
answer is obtained.
2.5 Where an incorrect answer could be carried over to the next step, the first
answer will be deemed incorrect. However, should the incorrect answer
be carried over correctly, the marker has to re- calculate the values, using
the incorrect answer from the first calculation. If correctly used, the
candidate should receive the full marks for subsequent calculations.
2.6 Markers should consider that candidates’ answers may deviate slightly
from the marking guideline depending on how and where in the
calculation rounding off was used.
3. These marking guidelines are only a guide with model answers.
4. Alternative interpretations must be considered and marked on merit. However,
this principle should be applied consistently throughout the marking session at
ALL marking centres.
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) 3
QUESTION 1: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
1.1 Regulations are a set of rules that clarify or support the OHS act. (2)
1.2 Poor housekeeping
Poor ventilation
Excessive noise
Faulty tools or equipment (Any relevant answer) (2)
1.3 Horseplay
Throwing things
Running in the workshop
Spilling a liquid or oil and not cleaning it up (1)
1.4 Keep person lying down.
Cover the person to maintain body heat.
Do not move the person in case of neck or spine injuries.
If unconscious, put them on their side (recovery p position)
(Any relevant answers) (1)
[6]
QUESTION 2: TOOLS AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
2.1 Phase measurement
Frequency measurement
Voltage measurement
Display waveforms (2)
2.2 When the tip is in contact with a live wire and the metal cap is touched, a path
for a small current to flow to the ground is created. This makes the neon
bulb to glow, indicate that the line is live (2)
2.3 A jigsaw is used for cutting and shaping of materials. (1)
2.4 To bend or deform lugs, ferrules and plugs in order to join them to wires. (1)
[6]
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4 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
QUESTION 3: WAVE FORMS
3.1 The alternating electric field and the magnetic field combine to form a radio
wave (2)
3.2 Communication
Broadcasting
Computer network
Radar navigation (Any ONE) (1)
3.3
Sine wave
triangular wave
Saw tooth wave (6)
3.4 Is the time a rising pulse takes to make a change from 0V to 5V. It is
measured between the 10% and 90% points of the amplitude. (2)
3.5 3.5.1 1 – peak- to peak
2 – peak value
3 – instantaneous value (3)
3.5.2 20𝑚𝑠 (1)
3.5.3 V𝑝𝑘 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 2
= 30 𝑚𝑉 × 2
= 60 𝑚𝑉 (3)
3.5.4 1
𝑓 =
𝑇
1
=
0.02
= 50 𝐻𝑧 (2)
3.5.5 Vave= 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 0.637
30 𝑚𝑉 × 0.637
19,11 𝑚𝑉 (3)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) 5
3.5.6 Vrms = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 0.707
= 30 𝑚𝑉 × 0.707
= 21,21 𝑚𝑣 (3)
[26]
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6 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
QUESTION 4: RLC
4.1 The frequency and the value of the inductor (2)
4.2 Impedance is the total resistance offered to the flow of current in an AC
circuit which contains resistive and reactive components. (2)
4.3
(4)
4.4 XL = XC
R=Z
VL= VC
𝐶𝑂𝑆 𝜃 = 1
I is at a maximum
Z is at a minimum
Ɵ = 0ᵒ
VR=VS (Any THREE) (3)
4.5 4.5.1 𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
= 2𝜋 × 50 × 400 × 10−3
= 125,66 Ω (3)
4.5.2 1
𝑋𝑐 =
2𝜋𝑓𝑐
1
=
2𝜋 ×50×47× 10−6
= 67,73 Ω (3)
4.5.3 Z= √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶)2
= √302 + (125,66 − 67,73)2
= 65,237 Ω (3)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) 7
4.5.4 1
𝑓𝑟 =
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
1
=
2𝜋√(400×10−3 ×47×10−6)
= 36,71 𝐻𝑧 (3)
4.6 XL is directly proportional to frequency. At frequencies, higher than resonant
frequency (fr), the inductive reactance of the circuit will increase making the
circuit more inductive. (3)
[26]
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8 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
QUESTION 5: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
5.1 Semiconductor is a material of which the conductivity lies between that of a
conductor and an insulator. (2)
5.2 Boron, gallium or indium (2)
5.3 5.3.1 The emitter base junction needs to be forward biased (2)
5.3.2 The collector base junction should be reverse biased (2)
5.4 5.4.1
SCR (3)
5.4.2
TRIAC (3)
5.4.3
(6)
5.5 By reducing the SCR current bellow the holding current level the device will
immediately reset and switch off. OR remove the SCR from the supply.
While conducting the SCR it also maintains a small voltage (𝑉𝐴𝐾 ) across the
anode and cathode. If the SCR terminal voltage is pulled lower than 𝑉𝐴𝐾 or
even down to zero it will pull the current below the holding current and the SCR
will reset and switch off. (4)
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) 9
5.6 1 – Break down voltage
2 – VBO
3 – conducting voltage
4 – latching current
5 – holding current (5)
5.7 Full power can never be delivered to any load via a single SCR, The SCR
can only conduct during the positive half cycle of the supply. During negative
half cycle the SCR cannot conduct. when coupled to a mains circuit, the
SCR is switching on and off 50 times a second which generate large amounts
of electric noise and interference into the circuit. (4)
5.8
In STATE 1 a voltage of less than 0,6 V is connected across it’s ends. The
diode does not conduct as its internal depletion region is still large enough to
block any significant flow.
STAGE 2 in this stage the diode needs some protection to limit the current
flowing through it as it could easily overheat and burn out.
STAGE 3 it is its reverse biased state, the very small reverse current which
does flow is called reverse leakage.
STAGE4 the reverse voltage rises so high that the PN junction cannot continue
blocking current flow. The voltage level where this happens is called the
reverse breakdown (10)
5.9 A DIAC is commonly used to trigger a TRIAC as it breaks down at precise
voltage so giving the TRIAC a precise triggering voltage in both half cycles. (2)
5.10 Q point is the point of interstation between the diode characteristic and the
circuit load line (1)
[46]
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10 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
QUESTION 6: POWER SUPPLIES
6.1 It allows the source voltage to be stepped up or down as needed. Used to
couple the AC input voltage from the source to the rest of the power supply
circuit. (2)
6.2
(8)
6.3 6.3.1 𝐸𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝐸𝑝𝑘 =
0.707
17,1𝑣
=
0.707
= 24,19 𝑉 (3)
6.3.2 V𝑝𝑘 = 𝐸𝑝𝑘 − 𝑉𝐷
= 24,19 − 0.6
= 23,59 𝑉 (3)
6.3.3 V𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 0.636 × 𝑉𝑝𝑘
= 0,636 × 23,59
= 15 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 (4)
[20]
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) 11
QUESTION 7: AMPLIFERS
7.1 An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the power of a smaller
input signal (2)
7.2 Used for audio amplifier (1)
7.3 Class C amplifiers are biased so that their transistors will only conduct for less
than one-half of a cycle of the input signal. (2)
7.4 Common emitter
Common base
Common collector (3)
7.5 Fixed base biasing
Emitter feedback
Voltage divider (Any TWO) (2)
7.6 7.6.1 High current gain No voltage gain (1)
7.6.2 No current gain high voltage gain (1)
7.6.3 Medium voltage gain medium current gain high power gain (1)
7.7 7.7.1 𝑉𝑐𝑐−𝑉𝐵𝐸
𝐼𝐵=
𝑅𝐵
10𝑉−0,6𝑉
=
235 000
= 40 𝜇𝐴 (3)
7.7.2 𝐼𝐵 = 𝛽𝐼𝐵
= 250 × 40 µ
= 10 𝑚𝐴 (3)
7.7.3 𝑉𝐶𝐸
= 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶
= 10 𝑉 − (10 𝑚 × 500)
= 5 𝑉 (3)
7.7.4
FIGURE 7.1 (4)
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12 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
7.8 Improved stability against changes in temperature
More reliable and constant voltage again
Decreased distortion of the output signal (Any TWO) (2)
7.9
(4)
[32]
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(EC/NOVEMBER 2018) ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) 13
QUESTION 8: SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
8.1 8.1.1 Is a device that detects or sense and reacts to and measures physical
quantities. (2)
8.1.2 Is a device which detects an object without having any physical contact
with the object Once detected the sensor converts this information
into an electrical signal (2)
8.2 The piezo-electric effect. Which is the generation of an electric charge by a
quartz crystal across its opposite faces when it is subjected to mechanical
stress. (3)
8.3 Temperature sensors range from simple on/ off devices which control a
domestic hot water heating system to highly sensitive semiconductor types that
can control extremely complex industrial devices. It measures the amount of
heat energy that is generated by a system, sensing any change to that
temperature and producing a change in its output which can be monitored by
an electronic system (2)
8.4 Capacitive humidity sensor
Resistive humidity sensor
Thermal conductivity sensor (3)
[12]
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14 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY (ELECTRONICS) (EC/NOVEMBER 2018)
QUESTION 9: COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
9.1 Modulation refers to the changing of a high frequency signal so that it is able
to carry information. (2)
9.2 RC oscillator
Colpitts oscillator
Hartley oscillator (2)
9.3 The main role of a voltage controlled oscillator is to generate an output
frequency that is directly proportional to the input voltage (3)
9.4 When a small part of the audio output is fed back to the oscillator to ensure
that its frequency remains stable and does not vary under conditions like
temperature changes. (2)
9.5 Frequency modulation
Amplitude modulation (2)
9.6
(5)
9.7 Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation (1)
9.8 9.8.1 RF amplifier: amplifies the received signal intercepted by the
aerial. (2)
9.8.2 Oscillator: generates a fixed frequency signal that is fed to the
mixer (2)
9.8.3 Mixer: receives both signals from the RF amplifier and from the
oscillator (2)
9.8.4 FM demodulator: recovers the original audio signal from the changing
frequency signal. It generates a changing amplitude signal and
discards the unwanted radio frequency carrier. (3)
[26]
TOTAL: 200
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