Complete Removable Dental Prosthesis
Theories of Impression Making
Dr. Mohammad Sartaj Khan
Theories of Imprssion Making 1
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
Contents:
• Classification of impressions
• Material & technique used
• Purpose of impression (tray used & type of impression
and material)
Theories of Imprssion Making 2
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
Theories of Imprssion Making 3
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
Theories of Imprssion Making 4
Theories of Impression
Depending on theories of impression
A. Muco-displacive Impression or
Definite Pressure Theory:
Records the oral tissues in
a functional and displaced form
Materials used: Impression compound
Waxes
Theories of Imprssion Making 5
Theories of Impression
Depending on theories of impression
A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory
• Oral soft tissues are resilient rebound
Tissue rebounding Denture displacement
• During function, the constant pressure exerted onto the soft tissues
limit the blood circulation accelerating ridge resorption
• Dentures often resulted in good initial retention but eventually bone
resorption and loose dentures.
Theories of Imprssion Making 6
Theories of Impression
Depending on theories of impression
A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory
• This technique is used for preliminary impression making as it gives a
positive peripheral seal and tissues are recorded in function.
• Amount of pressure applied is for short duration and the areas can be
relieved during the final impression
Theories of Imprssion Making 7
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
Depending on theories of impression
A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory:
No evidence to indicate that one technique produces better long-term
results than other
The choice is made by the dentist on the basis of the:
• Oral conditions
• Concept of the function of the tissues surrounding the denture
• Ability to handle the available impression materials
Theories of Imprssion Making 8
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
Depending on theories of impression
A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory:
• Bite rims with uniform occlusal surfaces are then made.
• Areas to be relieved are softened.
• Impression is inserted in mouth and held under biting pressure for
one or two minutes.
• Borders molded by asking patient to perform functional movements.
Theories of Imprssion Making 9
Theories of Impression
1. Depending on theories of impression
B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression :
• Made with the oral mucosa & jaws in a normal,
relaxed condition.
• Made with an oversized tray.
• Tray border moulding is not thoroughly done.
• Impression material of choice: Impression plaster
• Main advantage of this technique is its high regard
for tissue health & preservation.
Theories of Imprssion Making 10
Theories of Impression
1. Depending on theories of impression
B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression :
• Compound impression is made.
• Tray spacer is adapted
• Special tray is adapted over the cast with spacer.
• Impression made with a free flowing material
with little pressure
• Escape holes are made for escape of excess
impression material
Theories of Imprssion Making 11
Theories of Impression
1. Depending on theories of impression
B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression .(conti-):
Retention: Mainly due to interfacial surface tension.
Denture will be closely adapted to the mucosa of the denture bearing
area(DBA) but with poor peripheral seal.
Denture will be stable but with poor retention
Theories of Imprssion Making 12
Theories of Impression
1. Depending on theories of impression
B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression .(conti-):
Demerits:
• Short denture borders are readily accessible to the tongue which
might provoke irritation.
• Short flanges may reduce support for the face.
• Lack of border molding reduces effective peripheral seal
Theories of Imprssion Making 13
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
1. Depending on theories of impression
C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):
• Principle – mucosa over the ridge is best
able to withstand pressure mucosa covering
midline is thin and has
little sub-mucosal tissue.
• Forces from CD are confined
to the stress-bearing areas.
Theories of Imprssion Making 14
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
1. Depending on theories of impression
C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):
• Impression is made to extend over as much DBA as possible without
interfering with the limiting structures at function.
• Forces from CD are confined to the stress-bearing areas.
Theories of Imprssion Making 15
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
1. Depending on theories of impression
C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):
Theories of Imprssion Making 16
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
1. Depending on theories of impression
C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):
Theories of Imprssion Making 17
Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
A. Open- mouth impression technique
B. Closed- mouth impression technique
Theories of Imprssion Making 18
Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
A. Open- mouth Impression Technique:
• Tray carries the chosen impression material into the desired contact
with the tissues with the mouth remaining open and without applied
pressure.
• Made with tray held by dentist and mouth open.
• Muscle movements may be emphasized and can be seen by the
operator.
Theories of Imprssion Making 19
Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
A. Open- mouth Impression Technique:
• Provides clearance for the tissues that are pulled over the edges of
the dentures as in function of speech.
• Develops a contour of impression surface which is in harmony with
the relaxed supporting tissues, and which may be out of perfect
adaptation with these tissues when CD is subjected to occlusal
loading.
Theories of Imprssion Making 20
Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
B. Close- mouth Impression Technique:
Rationale: Supporting tissues are recorded
in a functional relationship.
• Requires occlusal rims to be made
• Border molding done and final
impressions made.
Theories of Imprssion Making 21
Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
B. Close- mouth Impression Technique:
• The patient is asked to close on the occlusal rims
• Clearance is made for the various freni
• To form peripheral borders patient can manipulate his tissues by;
- closing
- grimacing
- sucking
- swallowing
Theories of Imprssion Making 22
Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
B. Close- mouth Impression Technique:
Theories of Imprssion Making 23
Classification of Impression
3. Depending on the Impression tray type:
• Stock tray
• Custom tray
Theories of Imprssion Making 24
Classification of Impression
3. Depending on the Impression tray type:
A. Stock trays:
• Some dentists use a stock tray.
• Impression material used include;
- Alginate
- Impression plaster or
- Impression compound.
• Impression is generally overextended and serves as primary
impression.
Theories of Imprssion Making 25
Classification of Impression
3. Depending on the Impression tray type:
B. Custom Tray:
• Made on casts obtained by pouring primary impressions.
• Special tray is tried-in the mouth and modified.
• Final impressions made using border tracing material and then a
paste (ZOE or other paste impression material
Theories of Imprssion Making 26
Classification of Impression
4. Depending on the purpose of impression:
A. Diagnostic
B. Primary
C. Secondary
Theories of Imprssion Making 27
Classification of Impression
4. Depending on the purpose of impression:
A. Diagnostic
• To prepare a diagnostic cast.
• Used for study purposes like measuring
the undercuts, selecting path of insertion
• Made as a part of treatment plan and to
estimate the amount of pre-prosthetic surgery
• Articulate the casts using tentative JRs and
evaluate the inter-arch space.
Theories of Imprssion Making 28
Classification of Impression
4. Depending on the purpose of impression:
B. Primary
• Made for the purpose of diagnosis or for the
construction of a tray.
• Needs at least 5mm clearance between the
stock tray and the ridge.
Theories of Imprssion Making 29
Classification of Impression
4. Depending on the purpose of impression:
B. Primary
Material used:
• Impression compound
• Alginate
• Impression plaster
• Tray can be extended
using modelling wax.
Theories of Imprssion Making 30
Classification of Impression
4. Depending on the purpose of impression:
C. Secondary
It involves:
• Fabrication of special tray on the patient jaw cast.
• Adjustment of special tray & its border moulding.
• Developing the peripheral border seal & PPS.
• Making the wash impression.
Theories of Imprssion Making 31
Beading and Boxing
Theories of Imprssion Making 32
Beading and Boxing
Theories of Imprssion Making 33
Beading and Boxing
Theories of Imprssion Making 34
Beading and Boxing
Theories of Imprssion Making 35
Beading and Boxing
Theories of Imprssion Making 36
Beading and Boxing
•The End
Theories of Imprssion Making 37
