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43 views82 pages1belashov A D Ekspluatatsiya Ballonnykh I Gruppovykh Rezervua
Liquified ntural gas storage tanks exploitation
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
43 views82 pages1belashov A D Ekspluatatsiya Ballonnykh I Gruppovykh Rezervua
Liquified ntural gas storage tanks exploitation
Uploaded by
kamilla.mingazevaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 82
BYS A.0. BENAWOB
SKCIAVATAUMA
BAMIOHHBIX
Mi TPYMNOBBIX
PESEPRVAPHBIX
VETANOROK
EXUKEHHOTO
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YW THABA 1 Tua cucrem rasocna6xenua ucnoab3yioTea
CKMKEHHBIC YTCBOMOPOLUbIe Tash, ABAAIO-
Wweca MposyKktamu nepepa6orKu monyt-
Horo He:T#HOro rasa u ra30B HedTenepepa-
GaTpIBalolinx saBoyoB. B 3aBucuMmocTu oT
HasHayeHna OObeKTA, UCMOMb3yIOULerO CxKH-
W3HHO-XHMAYECHHE 2KeHHbIli ras, HMeIOT 3HAaYeHHe COCTaB rasa
CBOMCTBA H cnoco6 ero ucnapenus. Jlia OxiroBbrx
COMMIKEHHBIX ycTaHOBOK cocTaB rasa B OCHOBHOM mpel-
olpeseiaeT ycuOBHA ero uctapeHua c yue-
YIEBOQOPOMHbIX tom oGecnevenna tpeGyemoro pacxoga, a
TA30B At paAa MpoMBnMIeHHBIX ycTaHOBoK —
cmoco6 ucnapenua, I1pH¥eM He TOsMbKO c yue-
TOM HeOOXOAMMOFO PacxOsa rasa, HO M TeX~
HOvorm4ueckoro pexumMa. B KayecTBe uc-
TOUHHKA TeNMOBO IHeprun Aaa OvITOBLIX,
KOMMYHAJIDHBIX 1 MIPOMBIITeHHEIX OObeK-
TOB TIPHMeHSIOT Mponan, OyTaH u UX cMecH.
Tipu wopMaspunix yenosnax* cxnxKen-
Hble Pasbl HAXOASTeH B ras0o6pa3HOM co-
CTOAHUH, HO yxKe Np OTHOCHTebHO He6oNb-
WOM OBbINeHHH aBieHua mepexogaT
B *«uAKOCTD. IIpu cHHKeHHH LaBAeHHA OHH
° JerkO MepexoAat B ras0oGpasHoe cocTos-
une.
Baarogapa ykasanubim cBolicrBam no-
HUMAHHe ABEHHH H MponeccoB, mpoucxona-
iluX MIpH TpaHcnopTupoBKe, pacnpemenenun
i CKUPaHHH Tas0Boro TOMIMBa, a TaKKe
IpHHWANOB ycTpolictBa wu LelictBUA PasOBLIX
ceteli 1 ux OG6OpyOBaHHA BOSMOAHO Tora,
Kora yCBoeHb (busH4ecKHe H XAMMTeCKHE
cpolicTBa Ta3OBbIX TOMIHB, UX COCTABHEIX
yacteil, NpHMeceii u NpozyKToB ropeHus.
TPEBOBAHHA, PEA bABAAEMBIE
HK CHMHMEHHBIM YPNEBOQOPOHBIM TASAM
CxmxKeHHBIe yrmeBoxopoguete rani, 110-
cTaBAMeMbIe JWI KOMMYHaJIbHO-ObITOBOTO
norpe6nenua, AOJDKHBI COOTBETCTBOBAaTL
; rpe6osanuam TOCT 20448—75, npeaycmar-
puBaloulero cnegywulNe MapKH Ta30B u O6-
' actu HX IpumMenenus (Taba. 1): CIIBT3 —
; cMecb lIpoliana u OyTava TexHuyecKHX 3HM-
;
* 3nech H asec NOM KOPManbHBIMH ycOBESMA
toxpaayMepatcn japneune 760 mM pr. cr. H TeM-
neparypa 0° C.
oo
=
3 Taree Tabaraa 2
OGaactn npHMeHeHHa pasiuynX MapOK CAIOKEHHOCO rasa. PUSHKO-KHMMMECKHE CHotiCTHA CAMMEHUEX ra30R
eee | be % Mokasareab, zs aie
; : se rmcmegg mot | xeon me cnera a |
enua — | Bash Sernnh Suna ft "
ase | mes, ne Oonee
ae Oe pee eal oe u
Shepyanck yeroon.| onta | cers | cers | cnere ewe
¢ BKYTpHKBApTHPHG: COBTT CnBT COBT3, TIBT3, ne Gonee 20 60
yeranoskor Gano CTBT BT we sence oo
Ganon Rage oetaTOR np 20°C, o6, %, 1 2
Tpynnowste yerenonxa: Tawseime necuumenmx wapos usOs1-
is) aeaappyranet costs | cnets | cue | cner3 ees |
@ nenapitreanaa copra, | cnpta, | cnpr3, cnr. mpi 45°C, ue 6osee 16
br BT COBT =| COBTI. npn —20°C, ne meuee * 16 1 ine
P Couepacanne obueli cps, nec. % 015
Src ae
uaa; CIIBTJI—eMmecs nponana n Gyrana vexenseckux aerHan; BT — Sauax. (Romxen omyuiarkca) np co- 08 03
Gyran rexwuveckuil, Tpumencune cacneusioro rasa 9mHx mapoK
TOSBO/LIT KE TONDKO HanGONee PAWMOHATSHO ACMOAbsORAT pecypcHl
OTACTBHEIX KOMMOMeHTOR TAZ, HO Ht Gomee KATHOUNUpOBABHO OCC
news norpeOnterell. Buecre ¢ Tem BuNYycK cxmDKeHHOFO Pasa yKa-
aauusix mapox B cooTzercraHu c TOCT we neksiovaer mpouszonersa
fh Upusenenus nponanopoit, wa06yradonoli, nopwamenelt SyTanonoit
nm apyrux Opaxuat
Coxinxentme rab, aipadoranmme B cootaererpan ¢ TOCT
2044875, no sem ocnOBIEIM NOKasaTenAM HaXosaTcH Ha Yponue
MHDOBHX CTarAapTOB, 32 ACKOTOPLIM HcKATIONeHHEN, a HAKeHTIO: cOxep-
xxaune oOmelt cept no TOCT somxno Gum we Gonee 0,015 Bec. ‘o,
Torna Kak claHilapTia APYTHX cTPaN npeayeMarpHAalon H Goulee *ecr
kue, 1 Garee MirKie TheGoBaHHA no sTomy MoKasaTeMIO.
To dvauxo-xuMGMeCKHM NOKAgaTENAM CKUKeHHME TAGE! AOA
cooTBeTCTBORATH HOPMAM, YKasaHHUIM B-TAGX. 2.
Coxmmeuiinie yrneoqopozuue Tash ogiexkat MpHEMOWOMY Kou-
‘Tpomo Ha saBoRax-uIroTOBHTETAX H Asax-nocranmHKaX, TAC WX pu
Husain naprnann. [poObi exkmxensiix yrmeRolopontisX 1as08 orou~
palor B xodulectBax, cooTBereTByIoMUX TpeSoBanuAM selie7By!OUUIX
TOCT 1 TY. Mecto ati or6opa npo6 oaxno Ours yROOHEIN Aa
oGeayauBanin 1 OGopysoRaHo npodooTéopHbM ycrporicTBOM.
‘Tas or6opa 11p06 mpumensor npooorGopHuKn ma nep»xkABeiolie
cra, nposepeniie Ha AapscHne, ykastinacMoe Ma Kopmyee Mpobo-
or6opnuka.
4
LepmanMit 7489, sec. Sh
pan HOtaTEne OFDEREETCE np BBETHE Stok map rasa x sorOGI7O. aw» 2M
Ne
J[ua onpexencius conepaauna wuxponpumecett (oOmel ceps, ce-
povoropota, BoALI u Ap.) B CasWxeHHOM raze HeMOAIbayIoT upodooTGop-
tux TIPO-400, npucoeaiaaa ero x mpoGoor6opuomy yerpoiicrpy Bep-
‘THkasIbHO, BHITYCKHM ReUTILIEM HBCpX. SateM OTKPHBaT BEMyeKHOR
ui BRYcKHOM ReHTHAM NpOSooTOOpINKa, nocHe Yero OTKPHBalO? sanop-
Hyto apwarypy upoGoorGopHoro yerpolicrsa. TlpoGoor6opimx mpoay-
Bator OTGHPAeMLIN MPOAYKTOM AO nonBAeHTIA poBHOR cmpyn 2AKUALKOCTH,
hoesle vero saKppiBaloT BUNYCKHOMl, a saTeM BRYCKHOM BeHTHAN HW 3a-
Hopuyio apmatypy Herounuxa rasa. Cpaay xe nocae or6opa yaaanior
19 npo6oor6opuuka 15—20% npoOs aad npeaorpauicnna HsOb1T0%-
koro AaBnenuA, a ero DITyuepa Saxpunaior saraywKeMn.
Craumonapaute ewxoctn nepes orGopom mpootr AoLxIb Grr non
rorosmema K OTMYcKY CKINKeHHOTO Tasa, Mis sTOro cxKENEMM Pas
XOmKeH oreroATEcH ue Mexee 2 4, MOcae Yero orcroasiltyioes BOY
Yaaamor wa emxoeri. Ilan XapakrepneruKn KavectBa CxAKENOTO
Tasa, xpauaueroea B eMKOCTAX, mpoby o7GupatoT u3 OANOH ToONKH
emkoern—c cepermati BhICOTII HamuDa,
Tipo6ir us 2xenesHOLOPOAHNX mNCTepH, OTMpaRIAeMDX B OANH
hyn«t, or6upawor us nepBoit n Kako YerBepTOH uHcTepHD Mapul-
5 PYTA, KO He Metee Hem Hs ABYX, He CINTa® romOBHOA, eon B MAPLE
pyre comp Ml mctee unetep. To epetteny pesyayrary ane.0i308
Xapaktepusyeten Kacot#0 coxIDKEHUOO yRTeRORGAagUOrO | T294
B Mapuipyre. TIpH orupanke oraeabHbA tucrepH paatinne morpeStTe=
7AM TpoGm orGupaior us Kanto! uuerepHus.
Tain xapaxtepnerit kayeetéa cacmxertioro raga, mepexautipae-
Moro No TPyGonpoBoAy, upoby or6upaior ua BepTUKANEHOTO yyactKa
TpySouponoxa nepuoaitiecky, Ho He Pere veM depes Karnme 500 8,
Hie wcuee 3 pas (a nayane, cepeantie # xoumte nepeKauKH). Cpenunit
PeayanraT auaansos npoO mpuxumaior 3a XapaxrepncrHKy RavcerDa
Onno Tepexarky. Tpo6tt 13 Gartonos or6upaior or 1% GannoHoB,
KOTOpHe PU 910M JOmKME HaXoAHTCH B FOpHaoHTaTDHOM MOAOWe-
Hun, OroOpasmae upoGis rasos tpancnoprupyior « xpasar B 1po6o-
or6opunxax 8 xopomo BewTUsAUpye MoM noMentounH,
TIpn mpexeanacnim nperensnn x Kauecty nocrananemoro cat
*eHHOFO Tasa HocTADK HanpasaseT K TOTpeOuTERW cHOTO NOM
MOWHOrO MpegzcraBurean Aut MpoBexeHHs apOuTpaxuoro anamusa.
YMENbHBIA BEC, MNOTHOGTb, BRSKOGTb
Voeronoi sec. Bec exnnanst oGvema euectpa, 7. e. ornomenne
Beca (cin tsKecTH) BemecTBa K ero OOREMY, HagEBAIOT yneTbHHM
necom (oGoanayenue y). B oOuten cayxae y=G/V, rae G—see (cna
TwKectH) Bemecrba, H; V—oGsem, wi, Exuumla yaeneroro seca
8 CH— nporon ua Kyémyeckmi verp (H/a9). Yaemwuuit sec sanucur
OT YexopeHus cutis TAIKecTH n MyHKTE ero OMpeReTeMMA u, cneqOBA-
TeAbHO, He ABameTeR NapameTpom HeUlecTBa.
Heobxosusocrs npiiMeuenna ronataa Bosnuxaer,
HANPHMep, MPH ONpeAeleHUN ZanTeHyA cronba xKMAKOCTH Ha BNO HAM
CreHkn Cocysa, mpi onperereHHM JaReHNA c MoMoUO 2KHAKOCTANE
ManomerpHieckitx npnOopos, B sux caysasx y=pg, tle 9 —maor-
Hocts (napamerp peecrsa), xr/u8; g—ycxopeniie cian tamecTH)
B mtyxre tamepeua, wc?
Orxocrenbaut yaeabnei vec d—oraomenie yxenpuoro seca
Kakoro-1160 pemecr#a K YaeabitoMy Decy osL, Batol npe 398°C.
4 zazaenin 760 Mm pr. cr. (aaa AUAKOH haau), HAH K yzenDHOMy
Becy wosayxa npr 0°C u 760 mm pr. er. (aim rasoaoit pase),
Haornocrs. Macca equnmust oGema, T. c. OTHOUMeHNE Macc BeLIe-.
crRa B COcTOaNIH MOKA K saHHuaeMOMY uM oOweMy, WasHiBaerca,
qrorHocTso (oGositaveime p). Eaunnua niotucct p cHereme CH —
KHAOrpaMM Ha KyOn4ecKHH merp (kr/M*). B oOmen cayaae
pamV,
Tae m—macca nentectaa; V— oGnem peiiectaa
Tlaortoers rasonolt cMecH MoKMO OnpegeMuTL 10 NAoTHOCTH OTA
AeaLHEX ee COcTaBHNX YaCTell, BINTEIX MPH OMMHAKOBLX TeMnepaType
i lagsexn,
Baskocts (buyrpennee tpenue), Cnoiiera0 axnaKocrelt yma ragos
Xapakrepysyiomiee Hx conporHBtele cABHTaIOUUM yeunuaM Mt OOyes
6
pOBACHHOE CHAAMN clenaciIA MEXAY OTAeMbMMIH momexysTan DeIte-
(rsa, HasuBaerca BsisKocTno (OGoanaxeme F). Uem Bute BasKocTs,
rem Goabute conpoTubseHHe iiepememenmo “aerm, “ro o6yemonan-
paer Mlepeiaa LeHeHuA mp Tpauienopruponke no rpyGonpoBoay Hamm
yseauueHue aameTpa tpyGonporona, Passumawr aunamnsecKyio
KHMeMATHUeCKY10 BASKOCTD.
Tunanmueckolt nskocralo Hasnigacrea ca conpoTuBaenia nepe-
MeIICHMIO CON AUAKOCTH HAM rasa naoMabO Bl M? Ha 1 cM CO cKO-
poetsio 1 em/cex, Equnima aniamwieckoR sasKocrn 8 CH — nptoton-
cekyua Na Metp KBaapatabti (H- c/a).
Kuuestariseckan pasKocte pasa o7womenmo ApHaxmueckotl Bas
KoeTH aRHAAKOCTH HEIR Taga K HX Huorwoced, Equmutia KieMaTHecxOR
prakocth 8 CH—xpanpataull metp na cexyRay (Pfc), 8 cucreae
CPC —xeazparuniti cantumerp ua cexynay (cxt/cex).
BuskocTh —Baxnoe caoficrao rasa uM AHAKOCTH, yauTBIRAeMOe
p pacuerax, caszanunix ¢ Mepemelilenuem rasa mam axnaKocrH. C mo-
Suiernes: Tewtleparypst BAIKOCTD TasoB ybemUIBAeTeH, a AULIKOCTeH
yweHDitaercs.
2 Ran EeOn OKMKeHHOrO Tasa (yraenogoportoB B ras006pas-
HOM COCTOSHHL) MPH OXMHAKOBHX YeMOBEAX BEsKOCTH TIpIMO NpoTOp-
UoNatbHa OTHOCKTENMHOH MoneKysAMpHOH Macce, BASKOCTS 2%KURKO!
qasi yriienonopomoR OOpaTHo upanopunonarina Wx oTHOCHTeAbHOR
Mosexyalspnoli Macce,
POAHKX TagoB AAAOTCR GoaKMO OGremmuil KosduuueNT pactn-
TaSauua 3
yanko-anameckne croficraa KONTONeHTOR CANDKENNLIX yrvteBOROOANBIX TAsOR
po Hao. Tipo
% 35, | oruen | onsen
Tloxasareast gran | ER | bya
snucenala: Geauvene S| catia | Gable [Citi [Cutt | Ge | Gare | Cat
Fete peeet baau, | oe | abet | at! |e | ist | ike" | ae
Thteraccre’ seneoy tate | 040 coo | sar | 865 | 09 | 616
pt renege pe, ae
wt Yow a 6004
Oboutine Movews ruse | 2 | are | aor | 2m | aso | 27 | 288
X eOseay. SKOOL
fot teen GD a
Teiceperypa—wnnenna |—885 | —42,1 | —08 |—102 |-1057] 470 | —50
bas ‘Tpit 760 sine pt. CT.,
Ckpazen nenaora acaape:
Mu ple 76D a pe ors eee
RkawKr 93,5 OL 1S
saan sus | sd | oe7 | sie] s38) sta] oo
Siam eee
7 DeHWa M Maaaq mOTHOeTD, a napoRoH— GomLman nnorwocrs, aHaMl
TeIHO MpePMMatoMaN itoTHOCTS BosAyXa, MeweHHAT anya
HuSKas Tenepatypa BOCA MerenHA, HHaKUe NpexeabL BOCKAAMeHs
MocTHt B Bosayxe. B raGa. 3 npuncaens uauKo- Tennepatypoh
i. AOCTHPawMeH Ha)
upeekiiuatouell Teksrepatypy BocrataMeneuiis, NPONCXONAT BapHED 310
Koausecrzo tena, suimensemoro emunmefi Maccst Tonanea npn
cro MOTKOM CrOpaHHH M HeNsMEHHOM LaBsICHHE, HasbiBacrcA TeNIOTO!
cropauus tonmisa. Pasauyaor uusmyl0 Qu BHCMyIO Qs TenaoTy
cropauua, Husuaa Tensor cropaua ne BKMO¥acT B ceGa TenZOTY,
ANACHAMOMYIOCR MPH KOHAEHCALKIN napoD ROAD, KOTOpHIC conepACATes
2 IPOAYKTAX ropeHNa raaa, BNIciag sty TenNoTy ywuTHIBAer, Tensor
cropauia mponana: mamaa nopaaxa 21,8, pucuian— 23,7 Mxas/ui,
a Gyrana cooTsercrsenno 28,3 4 30,7 Mraz/v’
OcoGeHHO OMacHA C TONKK speHHs ROAMOKHOCTH napwna rasEL
HanOoTee HUSKHMH MpeletaMn BBPHRAeMOCTH, MPH KOTOPX cKopee
o6pasyerca cnocoénas BocnameHuTbeA rasoposayumas cmecb. IlpH
SAUSKHX SHAYENHAX HWKHUX npeMeroB BSPLIBAeMOCTH ABYX T4303
jomlee ONACKMM CedyeT CHUTATs 13, y KOTOpOTO wpe mpemers
3aphiBacMocTH H Hume Teullepatypa Bocntamenenus. Ha6sirouHoe
- AUR eee ae BspEIBe ragoposayumnx cmeceii,
—8 xrc/en? npu ycaopnu, ecam no Bspuna ont
Gaul pu HopMaanHoM arwoceprow aannenn, Een mess
sspuna ye taxomuuies pn noowimenion zapnewiit, 70 nassteune,
ce Tp BopuBe, Gyner Ha CTOMEXO Bete, a e
‘ , Ha. CKO
NepouavanpHoe ZaneHue OuLTO Euitle HOpmanBuoro, os
Hasaeine, passusziome
oe Passusammecch mpm papnine rasososaywuo cwecis,
Poa (taps m
Paes eager labaeHne, BosuMKalolllee mp BSpbIbe NPUPOAHOTO MW KOKcoBOTO raza,
opusumaercs a0 7,5, a nponaxa u Gyrana— no 8—8,5 xre/en?.
Tipn Bapeise roprounx cmecell razon H Mapos ¢ BoszyxoM 8 TpyGax
ConbmmHMy aNaMeTpOM u AanHOi wOIXET UMTS MecTo upyras dopma
Suierporo BocnstamexcHus, a UMeHHO: eKopocT pacupocrpanenua Taa-
XH MpeBbINaeT ckOpocTe pacupocrpakcans anya m qocTHraet
10004000 ujcex. apmenue mpi 2THx yenoBHAx Moxer nopEicUTeCH
No 80 xrc/em? m Gone. Sto wBgenNe HastinaeTea AeToHannelt. Mero-
RAUMA OOBACHAETCA BOSHHKHOBEHHEN M aeliCTSNCM yAAapHMKX BOdt
® CXuMaIoUIelica m Boctameuaiiielies cmect, Brictponelicrayouias
JlapHaH BONA BSHBACT peIsoe yRCANELNe LaBAeUNA, TeMmepaTyps
8 mnorHocrH ropiouell cmecu, uTo B CHOI OMepeNs YeKopseT xunTHE-
ckue peaxuwn ropenua u yeusuBaer paspyuluTensibth aeKr.
Beckourpoapiioe cropanie cxtitxesnbix rags B noMemeHHAX 1H
Ea OTKpHITHIX MOMaAKaX MOKET BEIQBATe MOXKAp, KOTOPHIL npenCTAD~
Sher OlackocTh Aa >2KUSHH TOAel H MOAET NPUBeCTH K paspysiensio
Ctpoeuil 1 oGopynosanus.
TAC Poay—HavatbHoe adcomoTHoe: aapnenne emer a
‘ekmneparypa, pacbisaioutancs npr sapuie Norspea cone oe
MaKCnMa.tbutax saveuuil, yxasaulzux p TaOs, 8, °C; tues aware ae
Teulliepatypa rasososayninolt emecu, °C; m— xoameeerno won
(oGpeos) mponysrox cropania raga ¢ yuerow asora BosnVXa: me
uuelo \oreKya (o6vemon) razczoszyumnol
Tos asora Bosayxa, : 5 oe
suc mat ese ger souteta
ee
CyHe+5 O2+18,8 Ny —> 3CO2+4H,0+ 18,8 Np;
CeHyo+6,505+24,4N, —> ACO, + 5Hi0+24,4N;,
: Toxapoonacnoers exnacenuux razon Xaparer
OM MR eHOCTBO, KOTOpan npeneuaes Dba ic
Toh, Bbitensemo® pw cropasie ty
goawe Boctaamenciun: unszol Temmeparypoi
Gomemott norpesuoctsic a mosene Npu ropes
Conc OOpasyiounxes mp ropeun i
SOKO Texneparyper narxe mpin rong KOsPeMeHHOM npHkocHoBeHuH nad
neu Ha OTKpbItinx ‘wacrax. tesa Reloneka o6pasyroten taxerts
crpoat, B Pesyasrate sanrensnoro nes tcheroa naamenn cropaor wr
quali" paspyutawotea wecropaenee Meranamueckue nH weneso6
TOWNE KONeTpYENIL,
BOeePy Macro mpeamectayer agpwn rasoRos,
Pail BomuKaer npn ce BociteMenennu a ropenum p orpanntienso:
ApoerpatetHe (nponssoxctaestions Tomemterizn,
BOM eePEVAPE, TONKS Kora, Town ae 4.
BomAaeTes! narpemanuen Pactiupennem ragos,. wro.5 Samay To:
Teuge ueT#e npuDoauT & Surerpouy ToaLrMeHHo aasAeHuA, DHaznatol
MeMy Paspyutenie erpourenritne Fouetpysnnt. Heobxozunco yarns
pare Hewxonormucexoe Boazelicrane 2o%2Pa H BapkiBa Ha atonen, a
porkaaiomee nannKy nye
| 0 B pane caygael
pe pore ire
ip emaae THIAUMH HW HK
“a? WaMenenad Ta: ce Oe an
pn aeons peal Mu MACTPYKIUS I,
7 11% :
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De m TOME
joamyxe, Oxerp\ pe
euue rasa BB ALLEN
peekee at Cf an gucci. eran
= mect € akanit Gesomacuoi y. Co-
edeneHHe mpesnocnnKantit aior NO sanlaxy.
anxnefimeNn 1p ras oGxapy2«na sae
maT jocto m AoCTyMHO xosaftorse> Tocrop
HauGostee 1p \cHOCTH B Tas0B0M X 1, upmpoauoro
am Gesona p(B dacrHoeTH,
ceo Oe jeTOKCHYHDIX. 10301 yxe ne Gosce
CCP sanax Hi epacanim B BoBAyxe 1 5
sagopa CC yinaTsen pH conep: oro raga 1%, pa
3 omymtar sas tipupoawor ee
asa) omKeH ppzemocrH, iibeshy raed oat
enema Bap 3—0,5% 10 oGreaty ‘
Vs HIDKHEPO Mp x ras0B 0,3—0,5% yeKaeMOM cauHMTap:
Bose pad ony Ceaeubu
TACBOAOPONO! -a30B TPH comepsKanHn,
nySe, @ TOKCHYNEX Ti
epusyeren: skaponp,
jsione
onp'
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nor
a30B MpHMeHsl
aa a eR GMGaIiIH apaponNera 4 CHaMEHTOTE RN
Jaa onopu3:
sTHIMepkantar, HMeIOULMH cae) I BUKO- ie eBoiicrRa:
Muueckne cBOli
tall caeayiomne 13HKO-xH
M rt, HD
©O CxUDKeHMAME rasasiE
EPte ee NOMADG: te tusd pee Heodxonusto mpeaor
Spanitrs yrevxn rasa ape e
COREE dapaa xine nine S88
3% cya eatcutMl, tpancHopripoBKe, nepern E Conepneanie cepit cig ate
pa tomenObams, Tis mpenynca ig B3pHon x noxapos, xorolll Teweparypa woeltes Ot at 8
Pus Mory? bosmixuy7» npii yreske rae HeoOxomnMo: S Orpocizenten naomi ae
6} TERBEANpOBATE HIM toKaansORGD yrenny raga = gomoers mapos mip Kopadauuu “y. 2m
Yaad moxeH us onacnofl sonar S eae a Oe aye
3) mpeaynpernn, ROBMOXKHOCTE RocnzameneHns Tasonosayumoall \ Ynpyrocrs napon, mot pr. ¢r., 991
eect; x Bee i spe #20
vtbeAOTBPatHT® mpoumsoneHs rasa 5 moxie yaern sxanua, Bae aay 64
Nonofues, Kauians, tpadiien wr. 16 Bee ca cain ay Seepen ty se
Han giaa® Mepet x paccenpamio rasa Tipexent napiamaetiosn 38
lanGonee caoxiag poet Paccewname raza. Daa ston eat Oe
heo6xonuwo mposerpupary, ROMeILEHUA, OTKDHE ABepu, OKna, payne: ‘Tesneparypa soenaaieieuns’napon, °C: 229
4 boproukn, pi NeoOXoanMoctH paccensating Goubinoro Koadeerna Hee DORyTOM ee 261
Ta3a na orkppitom BOSAYXe Campi Sesonachnng
6 scfempponcat ii, pesKuit aarrax, 0”
eer criti, pes ee
pmwcepeantray 1 ee ayer
earner aa sp eens “xopomeh anggyaue). Tipo
Bi elie Ger uaeon eats
ope gar es te Saerter
Ayn Cae Yt re DE ea cae
Tlo cpasxenni if IMeeT CpaBHHTest a tb Hapow, YTO
3 Ira AM TOCTb Map
Typy anh i, KOH EaeReTDKe, HOHIKEHYIO } Rovecrse onopauna
Oe Ee ai acasneoe clin erp Matra ACE
Roaneted neaocTarOxt pu 760 og pr. cr. ocio8 wedeyrant— 10,2,
Tol Sheek sctongnr: ipenat—#2, yan 08
SToH emecit ¢
yr
BOI,
CPE HeOGKOANI0 onpe-
crete sero Ht Mpusnny yreaxn races gareM yorpanun, ce ho.
Snederaiia noxapa. Oxasatn nomone noctpazaruiny,
HAaxorHeuKe pesepyapon, atsonye TPYGOMpOBOTOR co cox
saguiniitn ragamn B s0xe naameut ovene OMACHO, 7K KaK npn uarpe
aH 1a%Ke Zo HeBEcoKo} Temteparypir ta pesepayapax paoraior
rangenatarensiie Yaariams, | 4! Gane Ge Tpesoxpanirensunys
PISO panty? De sbiisanven. Tp agg gy Rarpene posmoxcita
poeeaabtt Pesepeyapon cxxinxennoro range Pesyamprare xcernx neper
rpenee MeTatita, KoTopiai mpi ‘Dexcoras TeMMepatypax repser cpio
"Poawocts. Paspups Gasaouon Peaepsyapos ona
6
stummepkantan 37°C.
2 sax, cos TIpx or6ope us emnocreit cocras rasa GyxeT orm¥aTecR OT co-
crane octaiomeroca B Hix rasa H3-2a paguauis TeMMepatyp xuneRHal
H ynpyrocteli napos Komnonentop caecn. Tlostomy npn noctoamuon
Mcnapennnt B rasosyio taay cHataaa nepexoyar Govce serkoxunalune)
KOMMOHEHTEI H, CeTOBaTeIbHO, cocraBA ragzoBOi u AKIKO das
Gyay? lamenstEes ¢ TeseHHeM BpencHM mo Mepe pacxofonartna rasal
#9 emKocrefi. Byner, ecrectaeuuo, Menatica u comepxailue sthamep
Kanraita » rasosofi base, moctynaiomeli x norpe6iienam, Crasara
Ho OyseT MeHDINNM, YeM HeOOXOAMMO, a aaTeM MocreneHNO craHe
yeeauunarica, HO nce Ke SHAYHTEMbKAK “acTe OLOpaHTa ocraHeTea
B eMKocTaX H Yalauuitea m3 mHX c TaAKCAMMH OcTaTKaNH rasa, Mexay.
TeM HMeHHO B eépButit MepHOT, KOrAa EMKOCTH TOKO ITO HaNOAHeHbl,
onpererenne yreveK OcoBeHHO RARKHO.
Omar sxciayarannn noKasan, To ofopanma xmuiuecKn case
Baiorca oxen wene3a » cranbubix TpyGoMpoRorax a pacraopaiotcA
B KOHAeHCATaX, KOTOpHe MoryT HaXoAuTECA B rasonpononax. Sto sa-
crazimer nepHoquieckn mposepsts crenemb oxopAsauun rasa = pas-|
HBIX TOUKAX pasBeTETCHMBAX rasOBDIX cercti.
<[Ipapuaa Gesonacnocrn 5 rasonoM xoanficrse> Tocroprexnamsopa
CCCP yeranasausaor, w70 crenens ogopsawnn mpupoxxoro rasa
caenyer mposepars ne pexe 3 pas p uecnu. IIpx stom npobs ano
OTOUpaTL B pasHBIX Mecrax rasonol cern, mpeumyiecTBeHHO OTLameH-
UbIX OT TEX TOeK, wepes KoTOpsle raa NocTyMaer B cenb.
Crenes onopisattun crxmmentinix radon, omyvaemnix or aazon03-
Hsrorosutésell 1 aa nocrapuyixo, npoaepaiot a THC ne pee
I pasa p weomt metogom opranosientuecxoro auanisa, TMposepay
MpOBogAt iirh ucmuTaTedef ¢ OWeHKOH 10 NATHOaMENO KATE:
0 Gasaos — oreyretane sanaxa;
1 Gaia —sanax oven» caa6wii, uo xeonpeneneuuust;
2 Ganta—sanax cnadeifi, #0 onpenenennuait;
3 Gaana—sanax yuepeumuit;
4 Gaaaa —sanax cumsuuili;
5 Ganaos —sanax ovexb cuapHnil H uerepnumui,
B cnenuasbio oGopyaosannof KomHate (xamepe c remmeparypoit
20°C) cosnaeres xouuenrpanaa 0,4 06.% napon cxwxeHHx raz0B
B Bo3ayxe, cooTBercmpyiomaa |/; umaxKkHero mpegeta BspHBaemocrH,
Sanax caracto nocraTowno, ecsH He MeHee Tpex yenbiTaTeatell Aa~
AYT oucHKy uNTeHCUBHOCTH sanaxa He minke 8 Gammon, Bean sanax
OKAKETCH HCZOCTATOWNLIN, TO OMEHUBACTCH Apyrat npoOa rasa naTSIO
Hesauutepeconanmninn ncrisraTeassst
Onuospeuexto. onpenensiot comepmanue stiaepKanrana p raae
ONBIM 13 cHeNYIONUX usHKO-XUMHMeCKUX MeTOsOB: Xponatorpaia-
HecKHM, NeenOMerpwteckuM, HOROMETPHNECKUM MoI MeTOAOM Gpow-
HEIX HHeKcoB. Sta Meroauxa cnlocoGcrayer Goes OOBeKTHBHOM ONeRKe
cogep2xaiia ogopanta B raze aaoparopuum yreMt m, cstenoBaTeabHo,
upogepKe ero 3anaxa, OtmaMepKanran, coaepaamutiten B raze, norsio~
MaeTeA PAcrBOPOM YKcyCHOTO HKHKA ¢ NOCMERYIOULHN nosOMerpHTe-
CKEM OMpeReLeHHeM OGpasyiouxca B HorsoMatomes pactsope mep-
Kanrig0e.
THABA 2
YCTPONGTBA
JM TPAHCTOPTHPOBRH
CHWHEHHOTO FAA
K YGTAHOBHAN
NOTPEBHTENEK
Cokuaxenmsilt yraesoxoponmnit ras or meer
npowsponerBa iam xpatienia MoxeT Tpanc-
HOpTapoRaTkea K norpeGurenam mo Tpy6o-
MpozoaM, B 2%eslesHOAOPOAHEX U ABTOMO-
OuabHBIX MHeTepHax, MopcKuM (wa cHeMU-
@JbHBIX CYMax-Tamkepax), pemuam (Ha
TaHKepax Wi Gapaxax, rpy»enHbix pesepBya-
pamMa u GadjonamH), aBToMOOuabHHM HW
annaunonunim (B Gaaonax). TpaicnopTow.
Kaxcauii us ykasammx cnoco6op mmcer
chou npeumymecraa x HegocrarkH uM aip-
gexrupen B onpezenemmax yesosusx. O6-
Adeth UpHMeHeHHA Toro Han HHOTO BuIA
TpAauenopra B KaXKAOM KOHKpeTHOM cayNae
o6ycnopnena ero croumoctsio.
TPAHCHOPTHPOBKA CHHWMEHHBIX [A3OB
B BAMMOHAX HK ABTOMOBHNBHBIX UMGTEPHAX
Tasocuaikeine waqusunyansunx 4
rpylWODHX rasoGamTORMEIx yeTaHOBOK ocy-
ulecrssiaior & GadiioHax HenocpexcTBeHHO
c THC, a Tawxe ¢ npomexyrouHEix cKna-
gob xpasenus. Basoun co cxixerHin,
TasoN NepeDosar CHEMMAAbULIM 1 OOBTIHBM
ABTOMOGHALHIM TpancnopTom,
Cnennansuie azromobuan mpenhasta-
MeHDL AIA MepesoIKH GanLoUOB BMECTAMO-
erbi0 27, 50, 80 a 2 auciixax xyzopa. Ky30n
Takoro aBromoGuas mpencrananer cool
RNeTKY, CBapeullylo Ne Meranauseexux rpy6
H yrouKOB 11 YEpemnennyro Ha maccu auT0-
moGuaa. Bassons yKnaaumaior 3 efx
TOPH3OHTANbHO, TopsoBuHOl K cepenHHe
xysopa, [ln oOacruenusa norpysku M paa-
Tpy3ku Oaatonm yxnampipawr B avelikn na
TOABIARHBIe posNKu, oTANyTHe pesHno-
DhIMH TPYOKAME, cCMATHaOIKUMH ymaper
B suefikax Caraonn yaep'upalores ene-
UuaMeuEiMi mTancawn
Tipu nepenoske Gastonon amecrnmocrbio
27 a Wa awTowOOnse THA Ha Gaze UAaceH
‘A3-51, TA3-52-01 w TA3-38A (pu. 1, ra6a. 9)
B abToMOOnaax c OOBYHBIM Ky30BOM GaJlOHLI TpaKCnoprupyor
b BepTUkaasHOM HOMOXKCHHH, ¢ SAMUITHEOIT peatonsnn Koma
romutiol 25 Mat. JlonyeKaeten Mepewoska Gariowos cO OKIDKEMHEIM
TaOK € SAILMTIBINE KOMbLAMM TOAMIHHOH MeHee 25 Nox pH yesnowni,
eo HApYRHLM slaMeTp OMOPHOTO OamiMaka He TMpesbauden KApyak:
horo auamerpa GaJowa ¢ ycTalOBeHAMM SamyTHLIM KotHOM, SanAHl
Pax GaslOHOB SaKpenaAsioT cHeuaNLUBIANK AepeBATMAK mpucTo-
coGtennaMH wan sepeskamn. Baaaomt smectumocroio 12, 27 a
B Kygone aTOMOSuA PasMellaloT B 4jBa Apyca, Mp sT0M MeAAY
Gaatonawn oGasaTeabHo AenaIOT MPOKMANKU 1 orpaacaenin oP Bos
xoxktloro Magenta. Bopta aBTOMOGH.tn AOTKHBI HMETh UDICOTY we Me-
nee 900 wat, Hana aamnror of commeuHux aysel Gataoxn nokpuBaior
Gpeacutom. Masonprpaxnbie (5 1) GaJilolib| nepeposnT B JLepeBan-
Max smKax.,
Tip tpaxcnopreponKe 8 Gopronixx apTomooustax (pie. 2) Ganaonbl
CO CACUKEHHDIM TA3OM YcranaBrHBaloT BenTHAAMH BBepx. T1pu oTOM
ROnHL BATE OGecHeTeHAL YouOBHA, UpeAyNpexmarouyle WX Maxenue.
Tipenuumenne rpysonojtbennoctl He nonycKaeres.
Ha pune, 3 nokesax cileunamsiteni apromobias CTBB-1-52 Kou
crpyxuin FunpoHbiHirasa yaa rpancuoptuposku Gaynonon BMecTH-
Moen 50 1 B nepruxadsiom nonoxcnud, Taz npenoxpancna 624-
Lonon of yRapos Na BHYTPEHEHX cTCHKAX Mepemuero u GoKoBLIX Cop-
Tos xpenston pesulosule anopTusaTops. Jam yRenuuenun wkeerkocTH
Ha WapyKHBIX CTenKax GOKOBNIX GoptOR yeTamORAeNLL KopNTooGpAs-
Rue npopmin. K napyacusi. crenxam Boex GoproR Mpuxpenaensi AnH
aainurnoro tenta yromku. [lan yacp2kanna OastoHoR OT cMelicHHA
pw tpanenopraporKe cay xT HaBecHoe MpmkuMHoe yerpoicTeo. Ha
hapyaeuolt ctenKe nepesiHero GopTa KysoBa uo OGe ctoport KAOHHEt
at
©
i a
Puc, 2. Yeranonxa 6aaao-
Hou m Goprossix apron.
Guaax,
2880
B CnewiaaeHBX xpoumrefinax Kpenstes aa yraexucaoTHELX ornery-
umtena. Beixaonian ciictema u rayumrens aaurarern apTomooued
BUBEACHM NOx Mepensiil GaNnep. Bosmoxno ucnoabsopanne exent
aabHoro aBroNOGiiaR ¢ MpuMcnoM, Macea KoTOporo e TpysoM ue npe
Balmaer 2500 xr.
ioe
bi 4 orueryamreays _ § —
Bryne peaudonan 10, 11 —
Pac 4 AwtonoGnanyoieuusrepin fom nepenont cmWAeHHN FA30N |
ALDKT-5,190; 6— AIDKT-I0-161H; 0 — ALYKT-12.2008; ¢ —nazynpnien ¢ m5
23 Texsuuveenas xapanrepucrusa
eneyuasnioeo aarostobuan CTBB I-52
fon peiela. ras-62
Naso panera jpvie: Gaon i
Eye Cae ae
aa : a2
sien ee
Bie ad 2 2100
Maces cuapamerioro anrowosuan, nr.) 2940
Herse vie demi a sao
TaGauue 10
Texniveckan xapaxrepicrinsa anromoGuanuelx iMeTepa aaa rpaxcnopruposKn
[CAGOACENIX: YFAEBOAOPOANKX FA3OD
ater. | atver,to
to | a
|
PaGapurame paaaepsi, mo
ampar-t- [aIDkr-s.
131 ia
THoxasetea
sama sso | 6950 | 7300 | tooo | 12565
rca wo | io | gion | “Sten | "saa
apie 2360 | 2960 | 2260 | 2250 | 2335
Buceranoers, a:
ozeana 4000 | 5000 | 5100 | 10000 | 12400
Koon Oneromuecean 4700 | 5800 | 6000 | 11750 | 14600
Koobbuitier sano, 35 | 085 | 085 | oss | 085
Macca rasa (e864 xc/at), ar | 2900 | 2830 | 2900 | 3000 | 7000
yTpeICAKA ANaMeTp, seat 1300 | 1400 | 1400 | i600 | 1600
Honwa wnerepus, we 3600 | 4000 | 4160 | 6130 | 7600
Tosmoma ereiox wun, wi 4 12 12 16 4
Tommmira ereuoK uHCTEpH, woe 12 10 10 12 12
Pacveruge “pasowee fabsenie,| 16 16 16 18 18
assienite npn rexpavawsecxon| — 20 20 20 3 23
neMMITapuK, xro/eM?
Macca wter¢patt ¢ o6opyabna-| 2200
Macca cocyas ua 1 xr exmeer-| 097 | O81 08 | 067 | 066
2260 2330 | 3680 6000
‘Macca asronnerepusx © anzoyo-
Gino" rassapaeo ah
ten rata seo | gsi | sae | eso0 | asso
Craze soo | $0 | sis | 1ss00 | o3c00
Tpoxorumocrs no rxacey xopor| To a¢uied antowosinnsuaft cern
Karero-
er)
24
Pr. 5, Npexoxpamen-
ten ee
‘7 pesuaoaes yasoMente,
B aBroMoGwibunX wucTepHax cAMKCHNET ras socTaRanerca
p ocxobnom oT THC 20 rpynnoesix pesepayapHt1x yeTanoBoK cxKWKeH-
koro rasa (puc. 4, ra6a, 10), CymecrByio? Takxe cnenuaayno o60py-
jonanHWe ABTOMOOHADHNE RHCTepHE, KOTOPLe MpecTaBaioT co6oRt
TopenBeUAUMe HANOTUNTEALUBTE CTAMIUH ATH saN|PADKH GaaTOKOR CKU-
oKeHITHIM TasoM, ABTOMOORALELC UuCTepHA npemCrasastioT CO6of ropH-
SONTAMBHME WRAMHAPHYCCKHE cOCYALL, B SAAHAX ATMA KOTOpHX
Baapenbl OK ¢ upuGopann. Tpu HeOOXoANMocTH paglaToUKKe anTO-
MOGHAbHDIG IHCTEPHLI MOXKUO BCHOMbSOBATh Kak TPaKCHOPTHHE.
B aBToMOOuabHDIX UNCTepHAX cxWeUNAI Tas MepeBossiT Ha pac-
cromnue 0 300 xx. Hx aMeermmocrs paccuutana wa nepeposky o7 1
go 15 7 exuxentoro raza. OGsMHo Take WcTepHa npecTaBamor
cobofi pesepByaphl, MOHTMpyeMBe HeTocpegcrseHHO Ha waceH TaTATA
a noaympauena
Ha unerepax jum nepenoakn eHmxentoro rasa XomKNM Our
Yeranonstexor sanopaite Yerpoilcrea fia cama y HaTHBA CAIKENTHOTO
raga, BuInycka MapoB 9 RepxMed dacTH uNeTepHEL, npyAHHMBH MpeTO-
xpauurerimuli Kamal, MaHonerp, mpHenocobsewme Ana KonTpomA
yposra anaKocts. Kpome Toro, yeranapansaior, Kak npaaiao, mea
TpenoxpawurerbuDx Kaman: KouTpoBABI un padoumit. Ha puc. 5
UOKasalt npeaoxpanurernunii KnanaM, yerattasaupaemsii 1a uicrep-
kax ALDKT-5,8-130,
TEXHHKA BESONAGHOGTH
MPH TPAHGNOPTHPOBKE GHHHKEHHbIX TASOB
Tlepenoaky cakwennoro rasa 8 xeneaonaporknDix aBTOMOGIID-
HEX wicrepHax, B GannonaX 2kKeMesHOLOPOKUBM, BOANLIM WH _BOSNYIT-
KUM tpauenoproM ocyllecraasior coraacHo MpabyslaM cooTmETCTBY!O-
MEX nexoners,
VY renaososa (naponosa), Byesxawutero xa teppatopmo THC,
HOuKea Guth oriesamuUTHaN ceTKA Ha AbMoBoh TpyOc. 7KeaesHono-
PORUGte imctepill Ao HANIA CaN rasa SaKpenAsION Ha pexDcoROm
chenuambinin GaummaKamn. Kenesnonopoxuble, a TAKHC aBTO-
25 ———
MoGumbHEIe MncTepHIN MepeR HamuBOM rasa sazemamor. SascwamoT
TAK MeMesKOAOPOAULe MYTH B MeCTe HAXOKACHHIA MHCTePH THO
Kufe mtanirHd, © MOMONLI KOTOPHix npousEosLIT Mame nom caus, Lh
crepit oT gasemamomero yerpolietba enenyer orcoemtliats TonbKO
Niocae oxowiauna nasnea (camsa) u yeranoskm sarayuex wa uny-
Hepa pentaei mucrepHs, Onepanin no canay caunKehmx 1a308 13
‘MenesHONOpOxHMX WcTePH MpousBogHT MocLe yAadenue TenA0KOLAl
© repputopun THC wa paccrosune ue sence 20 m or rpanuite crait
wun. Tipu came cxmxKenHsx ras0B Ha zKeses4OMOpORNEX H APTOMO-
SuaBAEIX uucTepH HeObXoABMO UOCTORHHO BeCr TabsioAeHNe KK 24
oMtopoxnmemoi, Tak x 3a HanoaRAeMol euxocrawu. Hpa sosHuKHODe-
AN Ora BO.1N3N reeNCSHOAOPOXRMAN u ABTOMOGMMIBHAX. WICTepH HX
cueayeT HeMeneHHo BEIMESTH B OcsOIIacHOe WeCTO, a B cya HERO
MOMHOCTH ClevlaT» 3TO — noaNBATb MucTepiE BOLOH,
AsroMoOunenstit rpancnopr, opeauaznaveimul ana tpaxenoprn-
POBKH CHUDKCHHDX razoB, Zoe Gord peccxpAyN, YxounTeKTonaH
ABYMA yrackuenoTHMAEH OrHeTyuMTeASMU M OHOSHabATENDHBM Kpae-
Hoi chtacKkKou,
TIP norpyske u pasrpysKe Gaaaonon co exUKeHMUM rasom nos
KUM MPUHHMATRCA MepE NpoTHE ux naqeHuA, toBperxKACHI n sarpAs~
Heung, Np STOM TX MepementeHne AoT:KHO Oo MexaHnanpoBAHO RAM
ocymecraaaTes ¢ HoMOMbo CheumaasnNX venexex. [suraroan apto~
woOnaei He AoIkIM padotaTb. Banzowa exexyer mepeposnts © mpe-
AOXPAMNTevbHAIMH KOAMaKaMH. BO uaGexanme dazeniA GanaoKH ¢ Fa-
30M sallpemaercn nepeMentat Mo 3eM1c BonoKoM, mepeHocuTh 1a
PYKAX B OOXBaT, KaTHTh, NombaOBaTECH BeUTHAAMN KAx PYKOATKANM,
@ TawKe nO/UUMaTS M Mepememars nx MaruETMaM xpanawn. JTuma
ne Aocturumme 18 ner, K nepesoake Gaauouon He nonyexaworcs,
Ipm tpaxcnoprupoake Gaanonos HeoGxoANMO caeauT 3a ux rep-
ueTHmocrnio. B cayuae o6uapyxenna yreuxn rasa Henenpabuete Gan
SOHM CHUMAIOT ¢ SBTOMOGHAH, YRaNAIOT OT c7pocuni, OCROGO-NAIOT
cr rasa m Bosppaiiaior Ha HanoauuTemNyro cram. Bo Bpems Zon
HUH ABTOMOOHAK WMOMep Me Lose AOMYCKATs PesKEX oCTAHOBOK 1
TOpMOAcHHs, He OcTABATT Ges npucMorpa Ha AIuTeMMHOe BpeMa anto-
NOW, He TOALIOBATHC BOISE TpatienopTa OTKPLITLIM OrHeM, He
KypuTe,
K mepesoske Gansonop xonycKaiores auu2, upomemuue coorser-
crayiomlutt uucTpyKra@x MH SHAME npaBusa oOpamenna c aa10-
Fan. JIuua, KoTOpLie yetauanansalor Gamaon ¥ a6oneHTOB, AOJDKHEE
npojirm cneunaasiioe odyucnte.
HCTepHsl, B KOTOPHX TepenoaaT cCAIKeHULIM ra3, Zor GUT
saperuerpupopanti 8 opranax Pocroprexnaazopa n umers paspeutenne.
va oxcnayaranmo. Tas caupa m nanupa rasa xa wicrepHax yeranan-
Junawr sanopEuie yerpofiersa, npyakunHeli upedoxpanntetih Kaa-
Ma — Aas BuMyeKa Maps raza a Bepxuell wacTH mNieTepHn, mano-
MeTp, MpHcnocoGxenne ju KoHTpoaA ypoBUA wHaxocTH. B ueax npe-
Zoxpanenns or RostelicTana coaHe¥HHX aywell KapyKHylo WoBepxnocTh,
NucTepHA OKPAUINBaIOT guadyio, MaciAHON WAH AmoMURHeBOR KpAc-
xofi 8 cBento-cepsifl user. Ornnuuremsusie Homocut Hattocar Ha xopnye
26
uucTepuAt ¢ OGeUX cropou no cpeswell aAuuuH uNcTepHE Ha Bc ATAHY
qusIMBApUNeCKOH YacTH, a Ha;IHcH—c Kay 0H cTopoH KOpnyca UH-
Crepust HAR Mosocoll, MpyeM © scBo! cropombt YKaIuIBAIOT anMeHO-
pane (aaa, a C mpapoll jenawr ocraabane HagnucH. OraiunTenbune
po0Ch HaxoesT Ha Kopnyc uscrepHe KpacHofi Kpackol, wupHHa mo
yocbl Ha 2KemesHomopoxttix uncrepuax 300, na apToMoOuaEnux—
200 mat. Haamicn nanocat seprof Kpackoil; Buicora GyKe yxazaNnEx
Haguucell Ha KetesHOMOpORALX UMCTepHAX AOIKHA OMT He MeHee
15, Wa aBToMoOumbuBX—He menee 100 Mm
To oxpyxknocru aanna aaa sada sapoz-uaroroBurems HaHocuT
nacHlopTunte ZaHue LucTepHD:
HaHNCHOBAHMe 3a80jla-HaroroBHTEA;
3aBoxcKol HoMep mHcTepHEt;
TOR HSTOTOBACHHA H ava OCB AeTeALCTBOBAHHA;
BMECTHMOCTb, M?;
Macca UucTepAbt B Nopoxuen coctosMHH Gea xomoRoMt wacTH, 7;
padouee u mpoduoe aanaenue, xre/em’;
xaciano OTK sazoqa-usrovosureas.
Ha meraammuecxoii Ta6amuke, mpAxpenmaemoii K pame WuCTepuET,
pisOupawor:
— HaHMenoBanue saz0qa-naroroHnTeaa;
— sanomcKoll womep;
— rom usrorossienns,
— Maccy uncrepHmt ¢ xoqOBOi “acTbIO B MOpoHHeM cOCTOAHHM, 7;
— perucrpanuonniih nomep uuctepunt (BHOuBaerca Baapenbuem
WHCTepHEL MOcHe ce perHeTpauun B mMecTANX opranax Tocroprexwan-
sopa);
—' gaty ovepemuoro ocpuaeremscrsosamis.
Kancuilt nanmpnoll m enyextol nenrim uucteputs cuadxcaior 3a-
rayurko#, Boxossie mtyuepa Bentaseh umeior aesyto pesndy. Berman
UvicTepH OXpalluBaloT B TeMHO-KOpHUHeBbIM WBeT, a Ha WTyHEpa Ha-
HOCAT HAANHCH mW BuOUBalOT GYKBLI: Ain wAMAKOCTHOrO BeHTHAR —
coxumxocts> an Gyxpy JK, man rasosoro penta —«ras> nan
6yxay TP.
Mowbep-caaiux aBvoMoGuabHoli auerepHel qozKeH aHaTe cEOM-
crea CKUWKEHHOTO Taga, yerpolicrso uMeTepru, MpanHaa nO TexHHKe
Gesonacnocta np paGore co CAOMKCHHMM Taso H MpapHAA cotHBA
Aaiuea raga B Uuctepy. Suis sT0x mpasua npozepser Keamuipu-
Kaiwounan KoMuceua Ke perke 1 pada 0 rod,
Tlepem kanoanexneu modep-cansugx Baecre ¢ Macrepom Manon
HuTenDHOrO MeXa AOA MpoREpUTh MeMpasnocTs abToMOGKABHOR
uncrepast, Peayabtari ee ocmorpa K OrnpabAn B pele (bukcupywres
B oKypuame, BO BpeMa caegoBatnn K MecTY ZocTaBKH cxMxKEHROTO
Taga mohep AOuKeH BECTH aBTOMOGHIb Ges PesKUX TOAYKOB H TOPMO-
2K, He OCTABIAT ero Ges UPHeMOTpA, He NOTL3ORATKCH OTKPDITHIM
OPKex, He KYPHTD U CHEAT TO MOKAIaNNAM MaHOMETpa aa AanJeHHEM
4 uucrepne, Ecan anrenne monuentca ceepx nonycTamoro
(15 krefem?), wodep noKeH IPHADTh MepslK OXaarKLeHMIO MUCTEpHB.
A 9TOro OH AOMKEH YKPHITh UNCTepHY oT comMeUMBIX ayseit HITT
27
elem el nosusary ce nostofl BTeTeUMe HeKOToporo spemerm. IIpx oSHapyxeHnI
YTCMKH Pasa HajO CHEAT BCe BOSMORHO’ AAR ee Yerpanena. B ciy-
ge BOSHUKHOBeHHN HoxAapa HCOOXOAHMO OTBeCTH TeTepHY B 6e30-
Macnioe MecTO, HeNeWIeHHO BLIgnaT MOxapHy!0 OxpaHy, 2 nO ee
NpHOLTHA Npluare Mepsl K TYIIeNKIO MOXapa uMeloULMNeA cper-
crBaMu,
Cane raza ns uucrepHs 2 rpyniosyio yeranopKy nponspogst
B mpucyrerBHM caecaps, oGcnyxuBaiouerc rpymMOByIO yeraHOBKy,
imoepa. Tepex camsom rpynnosywo yeranoaKy « mucTepry Tma~
TexbHO OCMATPHBAIOT, MPH 3TOM Mposephion Hamuie uempaBHEX
YrseKNCTOTHBIX OrHeTyuMITedeli, CABBO-HAJWBHAX uuaxToB. B pesep-
yapax Mepea wanlomHeHNeM LOMKKO GHTD ocraTOTHOe AaBIeHHe He)
enee 0,5 krejex?, JIutta, npowsnonsune camB cxCIDKEHNOTO rasa, AON-
wait OMT) cHaGKCHLL cpeneTnama LUMO sauluTel Ww cenomeHTo
(sammTHDon OFKAMM, NpopesuHcHHuM depTyKoM, MpopesuHeHupnt
pykasnuamu)
Tipit cape @xMKeHHOrO rasa Ha uMCrepuBI 8 pesepsyapsr MoAseM-
RDIX TpyIMOBHX yeTaHoRoK ctepyer:
— yeranoanrs uucrepHy cordacHo HHCTPyKUNH Ana wobepa-cami-
mana;
— aarnynmre xeuratem uueTepHEr;
— sasemaurs meetepHy;
— Todcoeaunire utakT OxHHM KOHTOM K BERTH HapoRO!t casi
nucrepusl, a APYruM—X nenrHTI TMapoBoll asm rpynmonoit yera:
= oeropoxcno orcoeanmnrs unianrn or rpymnosoft yoranopKit 1 mi
qropuia H enverury ToeTenewxo ocranuiecs Tas MapHt eIDKEHHOTO
2981
ras mocae orcoeaurennst uitanros uitynepa Bentnsch sarzymmTD
cnenNAnEHLIMN SANMytIKAMH NM NPORCDUTD Ha TinOTHOCTS MBITEHOR
gmyapcHel,
Tipu camne rasa reo6xouuMO caeauTb, 4oGH B6ausH rpynnonoli
yeraHOBk# He KYPHJH H He HOmsOBaMMCL OTKpHITEIM orneM. CoKMKEH-
Serr rag RONAGH CHIBATHER TOMOKO B AHEBHOG Spema. Sanpemaerca
TOATATHBAT Hakumuke rake y pykaxon H O7cocMMNATE pyKaBa MPH
AM BOWNX fasseHuA, a TAKE MpHMeHATS yapMAil HACTpyMeRT
‘pit HabAIeINBaNt F OTARUANDARHE Taek.
PiGhmmo-naausnae uaaurd uuetepH 1 pea P KBapTaa AOmRHN NOR
neprathen riapansidecKoMy HeTIITAHMIO Ha ABOilHOe paGoee AaBLie~
see Cab HeNCHApHBUnxcA OcTaTKOB u3 pesepayapos MpoussoasT
} cHeuManDHO OGopyoRAKHne Aan STof WET TepNeTHuHHIE eMocTH,
‘Tpancnopruponka caurxenHAX yrueBonOpoRNMX TagoR OT 8aRoqON~
nocrdputnsos 20 THC mower ocyulectarstscn no MarncrpansHui
vpysoupononan. K tpyGonposoaas, exikenHoro rasa upeapasaaIoTeR
SuCOKUe TpeGosanus To OGecnetexuo yenoBnt Gesonachocra. S70
dGycaoBAeHO HUSHKO-XUMMIeCKHMM chofietRawn CKIDKeHNOTO rasa
Tlapu exInKentoro rasa cremoTen mo aewle Ha sHasHTeDHe pac:
Crostis, 3anomHas HonMKeNMUe Mecra w Bce yrayGselua, Borpe4aio-
iieet Ha DYTH, NOSTOMy paspMB TpyGonpoBONa co cAIDKEHHDINN
rasan BOUIH HACCAeNIHIX NYHKTOB, MpOMBUIeHHEIX OOBEKTOB
Hpvrux Coopyxeun Goree OnaceH, veM paspHNo TpyGonpoBORA © Mp
pont razon.
Tlepexasay CxWKeiNLIX ragOB HO MarucrpamEHEM TpyGonponotam
ooymecraanior 1acocuste CTA, Ha TepptrTOpHH KOTOPHIX MOTYT H2-
xonutben pesepByapeNe apKH c TexHonOTUeckNMR TpyGonpoBORaa
TpeGosanlin no TexHMKe GesonacHocTi K MOMEMIeHHAM H COOpYKENTEAM
SRCOCHBIN TAMU aNacTOrMTNN TPEGORAKEAN, MPEREABAREMMM x HO
hemennsne n coopyacansss rasonanoanHresounx crantiil cxwKeHHEDX
yrepoxopoauurs rasce,
Besonacuocrs Tpancnoprupoakn cxwKeHHOrO Ta3a mo tpySompono-
JAM BO MHOTOM SABNCHT OT TexIUYecKH rpaMoTHO! opranusanun 06-
cayxupanna Tpaccs, Maractpamyme rasomponoan o6cay2KnBaoT
CHeunamome cayasOw, JIuna, donyuteuEte x TexHNYecKomy OGcay xu
Baxmo TpySonposogos, yeranoBseHNoro Ha mtx OOOpyAoBAKNA 1 MPH
Gopos, oman mers HeOOXOLMBIe TeopeTMMECKNE M MpAakTHveckie
snaruin no enediiadenocTa 1 Texmne GezontacnocTH. OGeayaxunavouttt
epeona enaer SK9eMeHL! KeasmipusaunOHTO KoMnecitt. HporepKy
snanai nposoast ue pexe 1 pasa B roa, OdcayanBaune tpyGonpo-
BOA AOAMO OLyILeCTBANTECA NO CHeIGIA.TBHEIA HHCTPYRUNAN, B KOTO-
PUX yxagunaiored oCbem pador Mo SKcIIyaranms, XapaKtep peMouT-
ux paor, MeToaM HeMONBSOBAHTA cPeHCTB CAA H MpAsHaa To
Texmnke Gegonacnoe™., TTepconad, sanusaommicn oSeay:kinannen
7PYGonpoBogos CAHREHNOTO TAA, AOIRKEH OTH OCHAMIEH CTEMOAEK-
29
—'npHcoeamunte onus KOHN MInanra AMAKOH pasH K caBBHON!
ReuTHAMO umeTeplitl, @ ApyFOll — K HalLOsAMMTeADHOMY BeHTHNO rpyTno:
nofi yeranopKu;
— orkpairs nenruab maponolt bash yeranosin, a gaTeM BeHTHA
naposoli ase Ha KiicrepHe H HaGmogaty 32 HOKASAHUAMN ManOMeTpA,
Tpit 370. LaBleHKe HAuHeT BEDABLUBATHCS,
— ofkpiT nanoanuTenbis ueuTHab Ha rpynnoRoit ycranoaKe,
2 canpnofi—ia muctepHe 1 BCCTH KOHTpoaD, HaGmOIaL 3a caNBO
camxeHuor rasa,
B acrimit mepuod, Korna qasmenve raza B unereprax snasureTbit
poe, Tet 8 pesepByapax rpymionoh ycranopKH, cauKeHE ra
caupaior m3 uveTepild B pescpnyaptt TOALKO vepes UNTANT “MIKO!
Gasu,, Tax Kak NpucoeLHHAT WAHT TapoBoh dase weoGasare-IbHO,
Crenens sanoznentin pesepyapon npirmaetes B sapien moctH O}
naotnocra rasa m pagHocTH Texmepatyp BO BPeMA JamonHeHUA H Mp
Tocaenyionjem ero xpanenua. [pu pasnocta temmeparyp 40°C xony:
cxactea nartommr pesepayapnl qo 85% xeero oOpeNa. [pn osbc:
hun expyiin skiiakoro rasa 13 KOWTpoADHIro BeNTUIA 85% Oro Ta:
nOAHeHKx peseppyapa HeoOxonumo:
— 3€KPHTL CINIBHOA BeHTIAL HA MHeTe He;
— noguary fanoaunreasaotd maanr, cant ¥3 Nero ocrapmnites
Oxpkennutit ras B NosseMubIe peaepbyapH H SAKPHIT BeHTHTD Mapo:
Bol (bast,
28 Zoli # HeOOXOMMMEIME HUCTpyMeHTOM. B mponecce skenmyarauun sanpe
Hlaetca paszoquTb OTKPHTMi orou» m Kypurs. TepeKmoaTh 34
ABWKKE, NOATATHBATL CaNbUKKH NeOOXOLMMO MABHO, Ges ynapos
PuDKos. He monyckactes HoMOABSOBARHE AOMOB M KpIOKOD jn nep
KqOeHUA 3aTlOpHEIX yerpokers.
Tipu nosumewoncnmm yreveK mpeanomaracmoe Mecto Hospex CHI
rpySonpovoza orpammacres, Bose Hero ByLcTABAsOTCR npenynpenm
TeADNDIC sHAKH IulaxatHl. JLoeryn -tloqeM B OnacHyi aoHy aanp
mactces. Bee peMoutusie paGoTs, CBASAHHMe C NPMMeHeHHeM OTKD:
TOTO OTlIN HH BeRYINMECA HA BarAoBaHHON yracTKe, OTRUD BHO:
RaTHca NO cheiiactbHOMy mapaay m OR pyxonoAcTEOM auNA Hs “Het
mipkenepHo-TexnuueckHx paOoTHUKoR, OTReTCTREHKOTO 8a poReneuil
paGor. [pu paGore na tpyGonponogax, meromux oacKrpHNceKyI0 Kd
TORHYIO 3aMNTY, HeOOXOATMO MpHAUMATS Meps npoTHD uexpoobpas
Baa
Onopoxusrs TpyConponofb paspemaeres ToABKO sepes cnenHas
HEI NpoRyBOMHMe CBeuH. BuinyckaTs cxmaKeHHDL ras _yepes packper
aienunie baanns apmatyps sanpemacres. Heaacxaemme Up BBInyCI
POET LupodopuMx coczustenni neoOxognmo HeMenmeHHo COOH
Paty, yAarATh B crrenMaxbHO OTBEAEMHOe MeCTO H SaKamuInaTs,
Oxpemontuposannbil ysacrox TpyGonposoga HeHHITHIBAIOT Ha 110!
HocTs if NpouuoeTs. SanlodusiT ONOpOAUELUEIA YLacToK TpyGonpoBoR:
CHUIKCHUSIM rasOm cHLeMYeT OCIOPOAHO, TAK KaK Oplerpoe HANOMHEHH
MOAKeT MpHBECTH K peaKoMy mepeoxaarenmo Tpy6ompoHoza u Kal
caulenersue K TeMMepatypHHM zehopmannay,
THABA 3
BAIWIOHHBIE
YCTAHOBRH
CHUMHEHHOTO
TAA
B sapucuNoctn ot mponsnoguTembncern
HpoeKTupy wren KaK HNANBRAYasDHBE, TAK
% rpynnonue Gaasombie yeranonKn. O6-
Jlacth mpaMeuens Toro waK uKOrO BHAA
YeTAHOBKH B KaXKAOM KOUKperHOM cayuae
‘Oompedeanerea uexoaa Ha KOHKpeTiax yeno-
Butt
WHAMBHAYANBHBIE BANJIOHHBIE YOTAHOBKH
Mnanenzyaasuof cunrawr ycranopy,
uMoDIyio 48 Goce ABYX Ganaonos, npex-
Hasnavenyio aan cuaOaenna rasoM TOTpe-
Gurereit ¢ HeGoMbUUUM pacxoroM rasa.
Banaons co casein razom sony.
ckactos ycrauapaunath xaK ne momcule-
mus, Tak M BuyTpA (pu. 6), npHyem B mo-
caremnem caysae Gason pasmemaror 8 TOM
xe HOMeMIeHKH, TAC M mpHOOPL, ToTpeO-
Asvoulue ra3.
Pasmeuienne GannonoB ¢ ra3oM B 1o-
KOMDADIX 1 MoMBanbHBIX STaNCAX Sanu M
coopy7Kewia, a TaKKe B KKIIX HB OMe
UleHUAX, MCX KOTOPEIEH HAteIOTe HOABAMEL
H nlorpeGa © BAXOMOM Hs AaHHOrO HoMeule-
uns, He AonycKaeres.
Bo XWNHX u oOmecrneMMHX sfamunx
B OANOM noMeMonmH JonycKaeTea yeranan-
siuBaTh ofkH Gavia maectnmoctato 50 a,
a B MpoMseoncTecHHEIXx noMeMteHHax — He
Gomee 80 1 ata ogtoro arperara, noTpe6-
Aaiomero ciUeHREtH aa, MH 9TOM TeM-
Nepatypa Rosayxa B nomelennu, nae yera-
HOBAeUK GastONh, Rosia Obit He BeUte
45°C. B xyxounpix nowemennax mustbIx
OMOB ii AOrOTOROWNX MyHKTOS mETANIM,
oGitectweMx aqamu CasmoHD ¢ ras0M
yetawapangaior na mony 2 mectax, aocryu-
wbx jaa ax ocmotpa i samen. Banaomnt
Kpenat x CreHe, pH srom KoHeTpyKUHS
Kpentenua Joa NosBoRATE SuIcTpoe ux
oreoenunese,
Munumzasuoe paccrosnue or GaatoKoB
AO FasoRHIX MlwT, paquatopos neiTpa.te-
Horo OTONseMus, Newell u Apyroro O6opyno-
BaHua, NOrpeGaniomero ra3, ne Menee | M.
Ykagaiioe pacerosine Momer OviTb yment-
ieHo 0 0,5 af, ec MpeayeMotpena yera-
31 Pudi
Puc, 6. PasoGaasonnue yeranosnu,
—ontoGansownas: 6— gayx¢annoxeas
Hopwa Ha pacctoanum ne meriee 10 em oT Ganzona sammTHoro 9Kpai
(amer acéecra no xxeseay), samumatomero ero or narpenana. P
omarare Oax0HH ¢ ra30M MPOTHE TONOUHBIX [REPOK neyell He AOI
cKaeTes, ecaM paccTosune mexy wureH acne 2 M
[pu ncnoansosanun nant co nerpocnumnm Garaonamu 40
CKACTCA XpANeHIe D KYXOHHOM HAN AOroTOBONHOM HOMeNKeKHH He
2
jnoe ABYX GANMTOHOD wfeCTHMOCTHIO 27 vt Karu (ANH Ho HH pe-
Jepaunit). el
Baraoum ¢ TASOM Bue aanuli yeranapauBaioT B mIKadax wm Tom
comyeintt, S2XPHIBAIOIINE BepSiliow vACTb Gas.TOHOB Wt PesyKTOD.
soekagax H KOKYXAX UM MPOBETPUBANTA NpCAYCMATPUBAT wAstO-
Jjune pemerKH, Yerawosy Gaasiouon y cTeH sail ocymectBOT
juiaune 0,5 mor ABepel H OKO nepaoro sTaKA H 3m or mpepelt
We KOH MOKOABHAIX it TORBAMBHLX 9TAXeM, KAHAAHSAMHOHENX KOAOA-
Kop H BEXPCOHAX me, IPM TOM yeranouKa Gaaaowon co cTopoKr
praBanX GacasoB sfannil B npoesaX c MUTEHCHBKLIM ABIDKCHHEM
Tpaucuopra We Aonyexaeren. Wade dst Gantovon yeratasmusaior
POMPeCTOPAeMNe OCHOBANUA, UeKMTOTAIOUINEe TpocagKy, M KpensT wx
Wf cHOBAGHAM MAK & creHaM ananull, Burcora OoHoBaliA wo unsadpet
Tey YPOBHEM SeMIM Nowa GHTD ne seuee 10 crs.
Tipu PasMenlenua CamtoHoB BHe nomemendi mpeaycearpnsaiot
yorosus, HeKILOUaIOMNe HX Harpes come 45°C, B oTux neamx Gast-
Fount YeTaHaBAHBaIOT Ha TeHesoit cropoHe aAauut « coopyxenni [pu
“eOOXOAHMOCTH YeTAHOBKH GasoHOS Ha comMeWOll cropoxe szamtHll HW
coopyacimi mpemyemanpipawt Tereayio sauuty Oannouos nm
yerpaupaior Habec.
Tian cHiIKeHHs BLIXOAHOTO AABseHUK Taga, HOCTyNaIoUlerO HS Gat
jou B pacnpedeautenbuyio ceTD, B GaswoHEDIx yoraHoBKax npeny-
Caarpuzator peryzatop dagtenus. Bo BuyTpHKyXOWHBIX yeTaHOBKaX,
OSopysOBAMALX GasmoHaKN BMECTAMOCTHIO 50 «1, MpHMeHAIOT, aK
npabiato, perystarop aagaenus Tuna PJIT-6, a o6opynopanatix Oa.i0-
ieun 27; 12; 5; 5 1—Tana
