MODERN & CONTEMPORARY

ARCHITECTURE
JIRAH MEDRANO
ARCHI 3F
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
- started in the end of 19th century
- Emerged in the 1920s in Europe and the United
States
- It began as a response by Architects to rapid
technological advances and greater urbanization of
society at the turn of the century.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Simplicity and clarity of forms and elimination
of “unnecessary detail“
• Visual expression of structure
• The related concept of “Truth to materials“
• Use of industrially-produced materials;
adoption of the machine aesthetic

EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

- Midtown Manhattan, New York City
 ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
- is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human
habitation and the natural world.
- The term “Organic architecture” was first created by the great American
architect Frank Lloyd Wright (1867– 1959), who is still the most famous designer
to work in this style.
FALLINGWATER in Mill Run, Pennsylvania
- Frank Lloyd Wright, 1937
TALIESIN WEST in Scottsdale, Arizona
- Frank Lloyd Wright, 1911
 ART NOUVEAU
- Is a style of art and architecture that was most popular during 1890– 1910,
primarily in Europe.
- This style was inspired by natural forms and structures, not only in flowers and
plants, but also in curved lines.
- The most famous person to work in this style was Antoni Gaudí, a Catalan
architect whose work can be seen in many places in Barcelona, Spain.
CASA MILÀ in Barcelona, Spain
- Antoni Gaudí, 1912
SAGRADA FAMÍLIA in Barcelona, Spain
- Antoni Gaudí, 1883-2026
 BAUHAUS
- The Bauhaus originated as a German school for architecture and the arts
founded by Walter Gropius in 1919.
- A distinctive style characterized by an emphasis on function, little
ornamentation, and a fusion of balanced forms and abstract shapes.
Characteristics include functional shapes, abstract shapes used sparingly for
décor, simple color schemes, holistic design, and basic industrial materials like
concrete, steel, and glass.
DESSAU BAUHAUS in Germany
- Walter Gropius, 1926
FAGUS FACTORY in Germany
- Walter Gropius, 1911
 ART DECO
- Is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and
flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era.
- Art deco's linear symmetry was a distinct departure from the flowing
asymmetrical organic curves of its predecessor style Art Nouveau. It was
influenced by many different styles of the early twentieth century, and also drew
inspiration from ancient Egyptian and Aztec buildings.
- William Van Alen was an American art deco architect who known for designing
the iconic Chrysler Building in New York City, which is widely regarded as one of
the most important Art Deco buildings in the world.
ROCKEFELLER CENTER in New York, NY
– Raymond Hood, 1939
CHRYSLER BUILDING in New York, US
– William Van Alen, 1930
MANILA METROPOLITAN THEATER
in Manila, Philippines
- Juan M. Arellano, 1931
THE NICANOR B. REYES SR. HALL OF FEU in Quezon Blvd, Philippines
- Pablo Antonio, 1939
 INTERNATIONAL STYLE
- was a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s. It is more
focused on efficiency than on decoration. Skyscrapers in the International style
have a square or rectangular footprint, are covered with glass windows on the
outside, and have faces at 90-degree angles.
SEAGRAM BUILDING in New York, NY AMA PLAZA in Chicago, United States
– Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1958 – Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1972
 MID-CENTURY MODERN
Mid-Century modern is an architectural, style taken from mid-20th century
developments in modern design from roughly 1933 to 1965. This style combines
many elements of the earlier styles, like the Art Deco, with curved lines and
symmetry, and combines them with some of the simplicity of the International
style.
NATIONAL CONGRESS OF BRAZIL Brasília, Brazil –
Oscar Niemeyer – 1957
PALÁCIO DA ALVORADA in Brasília, Brazil
– Oscar Niemeyer, 1958
 METABOLISM
- The Metabolist movement emerged at the Tokyo meeting of the 1960 World
Design Conference
- Metabolism was a post-war Japanese movement that infused megastructures
with organic biological growth. Influenced by Marxist theories and biological
processes, a group of young designers including Kiyonori Kikutake, Kisho
Kurokawa and Fumihiko Maki published their Metabolism manifesto in 1960,
giving the style significant public attention.
- Characteristics include modularity, prefabrication, adaptability, and strong core
infrastructures.
SHIZUOKA PRESS AND BROADCASTING CENTER NAGAKIN CAPSULE TOWER in Tokyo, Japan
in Tokyo, Japan – Kisho Kurokawa, 1970
– Kenzo Tange, 1967
 BRUTALISM
- Brutalism emerged in the 1950s, coined by British architects Alison and Peter
Smithson
- Derived from the ‘Béton brut’ (raw concrete) first associated with Le Corbusier,
the style is characterized by monolithic forms, rigid geometric styles, and unusual
shapes. Brutalist buildings, often government projects, educational buildings, or
high-rise apartments, are typically clad in rough unfinished concrete.
ROYAL NATIONAL THEATRE in London, England
– Denys Lasdun, 1976
THE MARSEILLE BUILDING / UNITÉ D’HABITATION DE
MARSEILLE, Marsille, France
– Le Corbusier, 1952
CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES in Pasay, Metro Manila
– Leandro V. Locsin, 1969
PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER in Pasay, Metro Manila
– Leandro V. Locsin, 1976
 POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE
- Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of
which are generally cited as being from the 1950s but did not become a
movement until the late 1970s. In Postmodern architecture, the simple,
functional shapes of the modernist style are replaced by diverse aesthetics: styles
collide, form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles
are found.
- Robert Venturi, an iconoclastic architect often considered the father of
postmodernism who rejected sterile, glass-cube structures in favor of an
inclusive, eclectic style that embraced community values and a touch of vulgarity
THE PORTLAND BUILDING in Portland, United State
– Michael Graves, 1982
VANNA VENTURI HOUSE in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
– Robert Venturi & John Rauch, 1964
 HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE
- High-tech architecture, also referred to as Structural Expressionism emerged in
the 1970s, was a late modern style merging technology and building design.
- Using advances in material and technology, the style emphasized transparency
in design and construction, communicating the structure and function of the
building through exposed elements. Characteristics include overhanging floors, a
lack of internal structural walls, exposed servicing, and adaptable spaces.
- Led by architects Richard Rogers, Norman Foster, Michael and Patty Hopkins,
Nicholas Grimshaw and Renzo Piano, high-tech architecture was the last major
style of the 20th century.
Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, France
– Renzo Piano Building Workshop & Richard Rogers, 1977
LLOYD’S OF LONDON BUILDING in London, England
– Richard Rogers, 1986
 DECONSTRUCTIVISM
- The style came to prominence in the 1980s.
- Derived from postmodernism, Deconstructivism is characterized by an absence
of harmony, continuity, or symmetry in buildings. Deconstructivism often
manipulates the surface skin of a structure, creating non-rectilinear shapes that
distort and dislocate elements, hence evoking notions of unpredictability and
controlled chaos.
- The key proponents of the deconstructivism movement are Peter Eisenman,
Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Bernard Tschumi and
Wolf Prix.
VITRA DESIGN MUSEUM in Weil am Rhein, Germany
– Frank Gehry, 1989
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM in Bilbao, Spain
– Frank Gehry, 1997
OTHER FAMOUS EXAMPLES
OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING 30 ST. MARY AXE (THE GHERKIN) BURJ KHALIFA
- New York, United State - London England - Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 TAIPEI 101 TRANSAMERICA PYRAMID SPACE NEEDLE
- Taipei, Taiwan - San Francisco, California - Seattle, Washington
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
- the architecture of the 21st century.
- No single style is dominant; contemporary
architects are working in several different styles,
from postmodernism, high-tech architecture and
deconstructivism to highly conceptual and
expressive forms and designs.
- Contemporary architecture isn’t a movement

GALAXY SOHO by ZAHA HADID

- Beijing, China
 FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

FORM – tends to distance itself from straight lines by opting more for curved lines, instead.
MATERIALS – It aims at the use of new materials for both the interior and the exterior.
Traditional materials like glass, wood, brick, and metals are preferred. Plants also have their
place within contemporary architecture, particularly on roofs and walls.
WINDOWS - Larger and more plentiful windows are also a characteristic of contemporary
architecture. Multiple openings and their uncommon positioning, panoramic windows, window
walls, and skylights have all entered the playing field.
BLUE PLANET in Copenhagen, Denmark
- 3XN, 2013
HEYDAR ALIYEV CULTURAL CENTER in Baku, Azerbaijan
- Zaha Hadid, 2012
WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL in Los Angeles, California
– Frank Gehry, 2003
 FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS - sustainable elements are required. Contemporary

architecture allows you to build a home that far exceeds current environmental standards.
ANIMATED ARCHITECTURE - Sophisticated exterior building lighting, projections on facades
that are often capable of interacting with passers-by and water.
REINFORCED CONCRETE ADVANCES - Reinforced concrete has a wide use in
contemporary architecture. It can be moulded reinforced concrete into almost any shape
imaginable.
CCTV HEADQUARTERS in Beijing, China
– Rem Koolhaas (OMA Architecture), 2008
CENTRAL LIBRARY in Seattle, Washington
– OMA Architecture, 2004
THANKS

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